Submitted to: Prof.

Hemaltha Bhatt

Submitted by:
Pranavsriram G.B.
B.A LL.B (hons) First year
Tamil Nadu National law School
Trichy ,India
pranavsriramlal@gmail.com
Cell:8220575157

Declaration
 I, Pranavsriram.G.B do here by declare that the project entitled on
living in revoluion submitted to Tamil Nadu National law school in partial
fulfilment of requirement of award of degree in undergraduate in law is a
record of original work done by me under the supervision and guidance of
Professor Hemalatha bhatt, department of Law, Tamil Nadu National law
school and has not formed basis for award of any degree or diploma or
fellowship or any other title to any other candidate of any university.

Research Methodology
 The research methodology used in this project is analytical and
descriptive. Data has been collected from various books, materials, papers
and web sources. This project is based upon non-doctrinal method of
research. This project has been done after a thorough research based upon
intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the project.
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION:

About the author:

Mr. N.S Srinivas holds degrees of Master of Social Work from Nagarjuna
University, Bachelor of Law from University of Mumbai and Bachelor of Sciences
Chemistry from University of Madras. He has over 17 years of rich experience in
managing various aspects of Human Resources independently, at Business,
Corporate and International Level. He is a certified Assessor & Trainer for CII
Business Excellence, Coaching & Mentorship, Assessment Centres etc. He brings
with himself expertise at the enterprise level HR Systems & Processes,
Performance Management, Compensation, Talent Management, and Employee
Relations, including Industrial Relations.

General Introduction:
The Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
was a part of the revolutionary factions. Groups believing
in armed revolution against the ruling British fall into this
category, as opposed to the generally peaceful civil
disobedience movement spearheaded by Mohandas
Karamchand Gandhi. The revolutionary groups were
mainly concentrated in Bengal, Maharashtra, Bihar, the
United Provinces and Punjab. More groups were scattered
across India.N S Srinivasan says that there has not been a
revolution as such but a radical change in the face of
india.The Salient features are discussed below.
CONTENT ANALYSIS:
N S Srinivas in this article has discussed the radical features of the indian
revolution which are

Introduction of the universal adult

franchise(1950):
Universal Adult franchise is one person, one vote, one value for every
citizen.In many countries, women, paupers, blacks, women below age 30,
people without adequate property, aborigines, natives etc were not given the
right to vote. They were not valued on par with the select few, and their
opinion did not matter till later

The right of the people to vote and elect their representatives is called
franchise. The word franchise is derived from the French word franc which
means free. It means democracy at Work free exercise of the right to
choose ones representatives. Adult franchise means that the right to vote
should be given to all adult citizens without the discrimination of caste,
class, colour, religion or sex

In this article the author states that at the time of independence the 90% of
the population was illiterate and such a step was paradox and indeed took a
good turn and is having a good effect in the democracy.At that time it would
have been a harsh step but the results are being reaped out now.

Measure of banning untouchablity and its

practice
The 1950 national constitution of India legally abolished the practice of
untouchability and provided measures for positive discrimination in both
educational institutions and public services for Dalits and other social groups who
lie within the caste system. These are supplemented by official bodies such as the
National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Before the
Independence of the India untouchability and caste system was at the peak and was
the main reason of pulling the countrys growth and development back. Lower
caste people were considered as the polluted people by the higher caste people and
were strictly prohibited to do some common activities. Some of are mentioned
below:

Untouchable people were strictly prohibited to eat together with caste

members in the society.

They were separated by providing separate utensils, seating arrangements,

food arrangements in the villages during any social functions and festivals
celebration.

They were prohibited to enter to the temples, using any comfortable things
like umbrella, wearing sandals, entering to the home of higher caste people,
bicycle riding in the village, using common village path in front of the
higher caste people.

They were separated by providing other burial grounds.

They were banned to use common public resources like wells, temples,
ponds, schools and etc.

They were forcefully bounded to do only labour works in the society.

 They were threatened for permanent social banishment if denied to carry out
their regular duties.

Untouchability in India after Independence

After the independence of the India, untouchability became an illegal issue and
treated as the social development inhibitor. However, in rural areas of the country it
was continue but it came as a big social problem in the urban areas. It was very
necessary to empower the lower caste people means untouchable people in the
society in order to get the whole country development.

After independence, the Indian government has given some constitutional

reservations for backwards in both areas like education and employment.
Backwards class people were given access to use the common public resources
with same authority. New age caste youths have played a big role in removing the
practice of inequality in the society by developing the tradition of inter-caste
marriages.

Reservations for the backwards Classes

Reservation in India is the process of facilitating the person in education,
scholarship, jobs, and in promotion who have category certificates. Reservation is
a form of quota-based affirmative action. Reservation is governed by constitutional
laws, statutory laws, and local rules and regulations. Scheduled Castes (SC),
Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Other Backward Classes (OBC), and in some states
Backward Classes among Muslims under a category called BC(M), are the primary
beneficiaries of the reservation policies under the Constitution with the object of
ensuring a level playing field.

The primary stated objective of the Indian reservation system is to increase the
opportunities for enhanced social and educational status of the underprivileged
communities and thus uplift their lifestyle to have their place in the mainstream of
Indian society. The reservation system exists to provide opportunities for the
members of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribess to increase their political
representation in the State Legislatures, the Executive Organ of the Union (Centre)
and States, the labour force, schools, colleges, and other public institutions.

The Constitution of India states in article 16(4): "Nothing in [article 16] or in

clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision
for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens
or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes." Article 46 of the
Constitution states that "The State shall promote with special care the educational
and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of
the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social
injustice and all forms of exploitation."

Today, out of 543 seats in India's parliament, 84 (15.47%) are reserved for
SC/Dalits and 47 (8.66%)for ST/Tribes. Allocation of seats for Scheduled Castes
and Tribes in the Lok Sabha are made on the basis of proportion of Scheduled
Castes and Tribes in the State concerned to that of the total population, vide
provision contained in Article 330 of the Constitution of India read with Section 3
of the R. P. Act, 1950.
In 1982, the Constitution specified 15% and 7.5% of vacancies in public sector and
government-aided educational institutes as a quota reserved for the SC and ST
candidates respectively for a period of five years, after which the quota system
would be reviewed. This period was routinely extended by the succeeding
governments. The Supreme Court of India ruled that reservations could not exceed
50% (which it judged would violate equal access guaranteed by the Constitution)
and put a cap on reservations.

Introduction of Land Reforms.

Farmers were those exploited by zamindars, landlords and moneylenders. What was done for
them as said in the article is that on:

November 1947: the AICC appointed a special committee to draw up an economic

programme for the Congress.

name of this committee= Economic Program committee

Chairman= Nehru.

Other members: Maulana Azad, N.G. Ranga, G.L. Nanda, Jayaprakash Narayan etc.

For land reforms, committee recommended that:

1. All intermediaries between the

tiller and the state should be aka Zamindari abolition. Covered in this article.
eliminated

1 Maximum size of holding should

be fixed. The surplus land over
such a maximum should be
aka Land ceiling. Covered in next article.
acquired and placed at the
disposal of the village
cooperatives.
 Not covered in any article. because income from
agriculture is exempted from income tax. And
1 Present land revenue system to be therefore, many filmstars use fake papers to claim
replaced by progressive they are farmers. (and then they dance in Dawoods
agricultural income tax. Party @dubai, earn money, manipulate the account
books to show that cash coming from their
agriculture income and thus evade tax.)

1 All middlemen should be replaced

by non-profit making agencies,
such as cooperatives. aka Cooperative farming. Will be covered in future
article.
1 Pilot schemes for cooperative
farming among small land holders

1 Consolidate small land holdings

Aka consolidation of land holdings. Will be covered in
and prevent further land
future article.
fragmentation.

CONCLUSION:

The Author in the start confesses that he used the word

revolution with much hesitation and haste and is not sure if that

is the right word used to the changes seen after independence.

He clearly says its not a total revolution but is juat a radical

change which was in a non aggressive and slow manner. There

are variety of forces that underlay the post independence

changes but the author in this special article only confines himself

to salient features that took place after revolution. The Authour

concludesin this article the sexist notions caused due to reforms

preavailing in the rural areas and its impact on the society.the

argument the author tries to make is that india is of various

cultures and there is high probability of various clashes therefore

making the indian people fatalist and apathetic. The author

lays his hope on the fact that india is a democracy and is a

vibrant one wherein deep down in people they have their

acceptance to various cultures and groups.

SYNOPSIS:

Summing up i personally feel the thrusts of reforms in India have aimed at three

basic goals: improving the efficiency of administration internally and in relation to

service delivery to the citizens; maintaining the thin line of demarcation between

political neutrality of administration and party politics; and curbing corruption. A

systematic empirical studies or even a series of such micro studies in a large

number are still awaited. The available information, however, suggests that the

Indian administration is seriously deficient on all the three counts. One gross
indicator of this state of affairs is the recurrence of public protests and anti-

corruption movements locally, regionally, or nationally, including the India Against

Corruption (IAC) campaign led by Anna Hazare since the heady Arab Spring of

2011, considered by some as the most important democratic moment since the

Post-World War-II collapse of communist authoritarianism in the wake of the end

of the Cold War around 1989. Indeed, the most telling evidence comes from a

high-level union government administrative committee chaired by Home Secretary

N.N. Vohra itself. It its report submitted to the government of India in 1993,The

committee drew pointed attention to a nexus between politicians, criminals, police

and bureaucrats in various parts of the country.