Question 1

Look at the table below showing melting and boiling points of halogens, then
answer the following questions:
Substance Melting Point (oC) Boiling Point (oC)
F2 -220 -188
Cl2 -101 -3
Br2 -7 59
I2 114 185

a. At room temperature (25oC), which halogens are gases?

_______________

b. At room temperature (25oC), which halogens are liquids?

_______________

c. At room temperature (25oC), which halogens are solids?

_______________

d. What shape molecule would all halogen molecules be (the only

shape that can exist with 2 atoms)? ___________________________

e. Are these molecules polar or nonpolar? How can you tell?

__________________

f. All halogen molecules have the same shape and same types of
bonding. What is the difference between them that might account
for their differences in properties? (Hint: look at the info in the
periodic table)
______________________________
Question 2

Hydrocarbons are simply molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen (like CH 4

and CH3CH3). They are nonpolar molecules. Alcohols are molecules containing
an -OH group in place of 1 of the Hs in a hydrocarbon (like CH 3OH and
CH3CH2OH). Chlorohydrocarbons are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and one
chlorine in place of one hydrogen (like CH 3Cl and CH3CH2Cl).

Examine the graph below showing the boiling points of hydrocarbons,

chlorohydrocarbons, and alcohols, then answer the following questions:

Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons and Alcohols

hydrocarbons
Temperature (oC) alcohols
chlorohydrocarbons

# of Carbons

a. Which substances are gases at room temperature?

_____________________

b. Which are liquids? ______________________________

c. Examine the boiling point series of the hydrocarbons. What is the

general trend of the boiling point as the number of carbons
increases? ____________________

d. Examine the boiling point differences between the pairs of

hydrocarbons and their alcohols (i.e. methane [ CH 4] vs. methanol
[CH3OH]) What factor could contribute to the large difference in
boiling point for each pair? __________________________________

e. Regular hydrocarbons are nonpolar. The addition of OH and Cl

result in the presence of polar bonding. Why do you think the
boiling points are so different between the two if they have the
 same type of bonding present? Look in your notes from the
previous day for a clue. _________________________________

Question 3

1. Draw the valence structures of the following molecular

substances and hence classify them as polar or non-polar.
Add partial charges to the polar molecules. What will be the
most important intermolecular force for each.

a: NH3 b: Cl2 c: HCl d: PCl3 f: SiF4

2. Name some physical properties of covalent molecules and

why they have those properties.
 Question 4

1. Predict the order of increasing melting point

and boiling point for the substances CH4,
CCl4 and CF4, and justify your answer.

2. Both carbon tetrachloride , CCl4, and ammonia,

NH3 , have polar covalent bonds. However, a
stream of liquid tetrachloromethane is not
affected by bringing a charged balloon near
it, whereas a stream of liquid ammonia is
deflected towards the charged balloon.
a Explain their different responses to the
charged balloon.
b Compare the intermolecular bonding that can
operate between carbon tetrachloride
molecules with the intermolecular bonding that
can operate between ammonia molecules.
Justify your answer with the aid of appropriate
diagrams.