3.

48
A Rectangular gate (width w = 2m) is hinged as shown, with a stop on the lower edge. At what depth H
will the gate tip?

Solution:

This is a problem with atmospheric pressure on both sides of the plate, so we can first
determine the location of the center of pressure with respect to the free surface, using
Eq.3.11c (assuming depth H)

I xx wL
3
L
y ' = y c , I xx= , y c =H
Ay c 12 2

where L = 1 m is the plate height and w is the plate width

Hence

2
L 1 L
y' = H
2 12
H
L
2
But for equilibrium, the center of force must always be at or below the level of the hinge so that
stop can hold the gate in place. Hence we must have

y ' H 0.45 m

Combining these equations and solving for H, we get:

H 2.167 m
6.6
Consider the flow field with velocity given by V =Ax sin 2 t i Ay sin 2 t j , where A = 2
s-1 and = 1 s-1. The fluid density is 2 kg/m3. Find expressions for the local acceleration, the convective
acceleration, and the total acceleration. Evaluate these at point (1,1) at t = 0, 0.5 and 1 seconds.
Evaluate p at point (x,y) = (1,2) at t = 1s.

Local acceleration
x -component

y-component

Convective acceleration
x-component

y-component

The total acceleration is

x-dir

y-dir

I won't plug in the points, it's straightforward.

The governing equation (assuming inviscid flow) for computing the pressure gradient is

D V = g p

D t

neglecting gravitational effects, we have:

p Du p Dv
= , =
x Dt y Dt
Then just plug in the variables.

6.9
The y component of velocity in an incompressible flow field is given by
V = AxB i C Ay j

where A = 2 s-1, B= 5 m/s and C = 3 m/s. The coordinates are measured in metres, and the body force
distribution is g =g k . Does the velocity field represent the flow of an incompressible fluid? Find
the stagnation point of the flow field. Obtain an expression for the pressure gradient in the flow field.
Evaluate the difference in pressure between point (x,y) = (1,3) and the origin if the density is 1.2 kg/m3.

This one is worth a shot, but may be a little too complicated for the midterm. I would concentrate on
the other problems.
6.43
Water flows in a circular duct. At one section the diameter is 0.3 m, the static pressure is 260 kPa
(gage), the velocity is 3 m/s, and the elevation is 10 m above ground level. At a section downstream at
ground level, the duct diameter is 0.15 m. Find the gage pressure at the downstream section if
frictional effects may be neglected.

Soln

Given: water flow in a circular duct

D1 = 0.3 m, P1 = 260 kPa (gage), V1=3 k
z1 = 10 m, z2 = 0
D2 = 0.15 m
frictional effects may be neglected

So, we apply continuity to the control volume to determine V2 and then apply Bernoulli equation from
1 to 2 to determine p2

From continuity: V2 = V1 (A1/A2) = 12 m/s

From Bernoulli:

2
p 2= p1 V V 22 g z 1z 2 =291 kPa gage
2 1