FRP Shear Strengthening

QAZI Samiullah (PhD)

Assistant Professor
CIVIL Engineering Department
UET Peshawar
 Objective

Understand/Evaluate the influence of FRP in

Shear Strengthening

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 Shear strengthening

FRP systems have been shown to increase the shear strength of existing
concrete beams and columns by wrapping or partially wrapping the
members (Malvar et al. 1995; Chajes et al. 1995; Norris et al. 1997;
Kachlakev and McCurry 2000).

Orienting FRP fibers transverse to the axis of the member or

perpendicular to potential shear cracks is effective in providing
additional shear strength (Sato et al. 1996).

The additional shear strength that can be provided by the FRP system is
based on many factors, including
geometry of the beam or column
wrapping scheme
existing concrete strength

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 Contribution in Shear Strength

Arch Contribution
Important in Short beams

Arch Contribution + Beam contribution

Beam contribution

Dowel Action

Aggregate
Interlock
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 Shear Strengthening
Shear strengthening is realized by applying one or more layers of FRP
material externally bonded to the surface of the member to be
strengthened.
External FRP reinforcement can be applied in a discontinuous fashion, with
gaps between following strips, or continuously, with strips next to each
other.

Design of FRP strengthening depends on both geometry (FRP thickness,

width, and spacing) and the fibers angle with respect to the longitudinal
axis of the member.
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Shear Strengthening

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Typical wrapping schemes for shear strengthening
using FRP laminates

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 FRP contribution to shear strength

The contribution of the FRP system to shear strength of a member is

based on the fiber orientation and an assumed crack pattern (Khalifa et
al. 1998).

The shear strength provided by the FRP reinforcement can be

determined by calculating the force resulting from the tensile stress in the
FRP across the assumed crack.

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 FRP contribution to shear strength

The tensile stress in the FRP shear reinforcement at nominal strength is

directly proportional to the level of strain that can be developed in the FRP
shear reinforcement at nominal strength

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 Effective strain in FRP laminates
The effective strain is the maximum strain that can be achieved in the FRP
system at the nominal strength and is governed by the failure mode of the
FRP system of the strengthened reinforced concrete member.

Completely wrapped members

For reinforced concrete column and beam members completely

wrapped by FRP, loss of aggregate interlock of the concrete has been
observed to occur at fiber strains less than the ultimate fiber strain.

To preclude this mode of failure, the maximum strain used for design
should be limited to 0.4% for members that can be completely wrapped
with FRP (Eq. (11-6a))

This strain limitation is based on testing (Priestley et al. 1996) and experience. Higher strains should
not be used for FRP shear-strengthening applications.
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 Effective strain in FRP laminates
Bonded U-wraps or bonded face plies
FRP systems that do not enclose the entire section (two- and three-sided
wraps) have been observed to delaminate from the concrete before the
loss of aggregate interlock of the section.

For this reason, bond stresses have been analyzed to determine the
usefulness of these systems and the effective strain level that can be
achieved (Triantafillou 1998a).

The effective strain is calculated using a bond-reduction coefficient Kv

applicable to shear

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 Effective strain in FRP laminates
The bond-reduction coefficient is a function of the concrete strength, the
type of wrapping scheme used, and the stiffness of the laminate.

The active bond length Le is the length over which the majority of the bond
stress is maintained. This length is given by Eq.

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Effective strain in FRP laminates

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 Reinforcement limits
Reinforcement limits

The total shear strength provided by reinforcement should be taken as the

sum of
the contribution of the FRP shear reinforcement
the steel shear reinforcement

The sum of the shear strengths provided by the shear reinforcement should
be limited based on the criteria given for steel alone in ACI 318-05, Section
11.5.6.9. This limit is stated in Eq. (11-11)

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 Failure modes

FRP tensile failure

Delamination
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 Failure Contribution
Each strip provides different contributions

Different
Anchorage
lengths

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 Shear strengthening of an interior T-beam

For U-wrap strengthening of rectangular or T-section, delamination of the end

portions of FRP reinforcement can be avoided by using laminates/sheets and/or
bars installed in the direction of the member longitudinal axis.

In such a case, the behavior of U-wrap strengthening can be considered equivalent

to that of a completely wrapped member (effectiveness offered by these devices
must be proven).

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 Shear strengthening of an interior T-beam
Example 15.6
Reinforced concrete T-beam located inside of an office building is subjected to an
increase in its live-load-carrying requirements.

An analysis of the existing beam indicates that the beam is still satisfactory for
flexural strength; however, its shear strength is inadequate to carry the increased
live load.

Based on the analysis,

Vc = 44.2 kips = 196.6 kN
Vs = 19.6 kips = 87.2 kN
Vn,existing = 0.75(44.2 kips + 19.6 kips) = 47.85 kips = 213 kN

Where as Vu = 57 kips = 253.5 kN.

(fc = 3000 psi = 20.7 N/mm2)

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Shear strengthening of an interior T-beam

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Shear strengthening of an interior T-beam

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Shear strengthening of an interior T-beam

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Shear strengthening of an interior T-beam

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Shear strengthening of an interior T-beam

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Questions?

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