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Job 13-J23 Welding a T-Joint The technique of weaving is difficult.

Current adjust-
ment must not be too low. A smaller electrode is used be-
Objectives cause it is hard to handle a large amount of weld metal
with this technique. An out-of-position electrode is also
1. To weld a T-joint in the horizontal position by
necessary.
means of multipass fillet welds using the stringer
The electrode position should be approximately that
bead technique with DCEN and/or a.c. shielded
shown in Fig. 13-88. The electrode is tilted at a 35 angle
metal arc electrodes (AWS E6013).
to the flat plate, Fig. 13-88A, and in a 30 angle toward the
2. To weld a cover pass in the horizontal position
direction of travel, Fig. 13-88B. Weld metal is deposited
by means of a weave bead with DCEP and/or a.c.
only on the downward stroke. The upward stroke should
shielded metal arc electrodes (AWS E6010E6011).
be fast and the arc should be lengthened, but it should not
General Job Information go out. The top and bottom edges of the weld should be
your guide for the width of the electrode movement.
Large fillets are often welded with multipass stringer
Split the weld edge with your electrode. Hesitate an in-
beads. On many jobs the final layer is made up of stringer
stant at the top and bottom edges of the weld to eliminate
beads. On other jobs a weave bead is applied as the final
undercut.
bead. This is especially true in piping and pressure vessel
Bear in mind that all multipass welding requires thor-
work.
ough cleaning between passes. Practice starts and stops.
For practical purposes 14-inch plate would not require
Travel in all directions.
more than one pass. The additional passes specified in
this job are for practice purposes and the full and eco- Operations
nomical use of material.
1. Select good quality joints welded in Job 13-J2.
Welding Technique 2. Obtain electrodes of each quantity, type, and size
specified in the job drawing, Fig. 13-89.
Current adjustment should be similar to that used for the
3. Set a d.c. power source for electrode negative at 100
first pass. Electrode position varies with the sequence of
to 190 amperes or an a.c. power source at 125 to
passes. The electrode is held at a 50 angle for the sec-
210 amperes.
ond pass, a 30 angle for the third pass, a 50 for the
4. Place the joint in the horizontal position on the
fourth pass, and a 40 angle for the fifth and sixth passes,
welding table. Make sure that it is connected to the
Fig. 13-87. It is also tilted at a 30 angle in the direction of
work connection.
travel. Electrode movement is the same as for the preced-
5. Make passes two through six with 532-inch elec-
ing job. Beads should be so proportioned that the size of
trodes as shown on the job drawing. Hold the elec-
the final weld is accurate and to specification.
trode as instructed in Fig. 13-87 for each pass.
Be very critical of the angle of the electrode and the arc
6. Chip the slag from the weld, brush, and inspect be-
length to make sure that undercut does not develop in the
tween each pass. Refer to Inspection.
vertical plate. The second pass should lay about half on
7. Set a d.c. power source for electrode positive at
the flat plate and half on the first bead. For the third pass,
80to 140 amperes or an a.c. power source at 80 to
lay down another bead that covers the other half of the
160 amperes.
first pass and also fuses with the vertical plate and the sec-
ond pass, Fig. 13-87. Follow this same procedure in mak-
ing the next layer of three passes, one at the bottom, one 30

in the middle, and one at the top as shown in Fig. 13-87. Lacing Electrode
Electrode
Bead

Electrodes 35 Joint
40
50 30 40 50 Deposit metal downward
stroke onlylacing bead.
Side View (Work Angle) Front View (Travel Angle)
Joint Fillet Welds Fillet Welds A B

Fig. 13-87 Electrode position when welding a T-joint with multi- Fig. 13-88 Electrode position when welding the final pass on a
pass fillet welds using the stringer bead technique. T-joint using the lacing bead technique.

380 Chapter 13 Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 13-J1J25 (Plate)
Fig. 13-89 Job drawing J23.

8. Make the lacing bead with 18-inch elec-


trodes as shown on the job drawing.
Manipulate the electrode as instructed in
Fig. 13-88.
9. Chip the slag from the weld, brush, and
inspect. Refer to Inspection, below.
10. Practice these welds until you can pro- Fig. 13-90 Typical appearance of a multipass fillet weld done with the
duce good welds consistently with the stringer bead technique in a T-joint welded in the horizontal position with DCEN
E6013 electrode in 532-inch diameters for or a.c. shielded arc electrodes.
the stringer beads and the E6010 and
E6011 electrode in 18-inch diameters for
the weaving pass.

Inspection
Compare passes two through six with Fig.1390
and the lacing pass with Fig.1391. Check each
pass for the following weld characteristics:
Width and height: Uniform
Appearance: Smooth with close ripples; free of Fig. 13-91 Typical appearance of a multipass fillet weld done with the
voids. Restarts should be difficult to locate. weaving bead technique for the cover pass.

Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 13-J1J25 (Plate) Chapter 13 381
Size: Refer to the job drawing. Check with a fillet weld similar to that used for electrode negative except that the
gauge. arc gap should be closer and more care must be exercised
Face of weld: Flat to prevent undercut.
Edges of weld: Good fusion, no overlap, no undercut If the arc is too long or if the angle of the electrode is
Starts and stops: Free of depressions and high spots incorrect, undercutting will result. Direct the arc at the
Beginnings and endings: Full size, craters filled root of the weld and about equally against both legs of
Penetration and fusion: To root of joint, adjacent beads, the fillet with just enough direction against the vertical
and plate surfaces plate to permit the weld metal to build up on it. Control
Surrounding plate surfaces: Free of spatter the speed of welding to obtain good weld contour and the
Slag formation: Full coverage, easily removable full throat section of the fillet. Hold the arc in the crater
long enough to build up the molten metal to the desired
Disposal height and travel at uniform speed.
Put completed jobs in the scrap bin so that they can be Practice starts and stops. Travel in all directions.
used again later. Plate edges can be used for square butt
welding, and unwelded plate surfaces can be used for
Operations
beading.
1. Obtain plates; check the job drawing, Fig. 13-93, for
quantity and size.
Job 13-J24 Welding a T-Joint 2. Obtain electrodes of the quantity, type, and size
Objective specified in the job drawing.
To weld a T-joint in the horizontal position by means of a 3. Set a d.c. power source for electrode positive at 110
single-pass fillet weld with DCEP and/or a.c. shielded arc to 170 amperes or an a.c. power source at 115 to
electrodes (AWS E6010E6011). 190 amperes.
4. Set up the plates and tack weld them at each
General Job Information corner.
This is the same type of joint practiced in Job 13-J22 5. Place the joint in the horizontal position on the
except that electrode positive is used. Electrode positive welding table. Make sure that it is connected to the
is not the best choice for single-pass fillet welds, but since work connection.
this is the practice on many jobs, you should master the 6. Make welds as shown on the job drawing. Manipu-
technique. Beads have a flat face, and there is the tendency late the electrode as instructed in Fig.13-92.
toward undercutting. 7. Chip the slag from the welds, brush, and inspect.
Refer to Inspection, below.
Welding Technique 8. Practice these welds until you can produce good
Current adjustment should be somewhat lower than for welds consistently with both types of electrodes.
electrode negative electrodes. More care should be given
to electrode position. Hold the electrode at a 35 angle to Inspection
the flat plate, Fig. 13-92A, and at an angle of 40 in the Compare the welds with Fig. 13-94 and check them for the
direction of travel, Fig. 13-92B. The welding technique is following characteristics:

40
Width and height: Uniform
Electrode Appearance: Smooth with close ripples; free of voids.
Electrode Restarts should be difficult to locate
Fillet
Size: Refer to the job drawing. Check with a fillet weld
Weld 35 gauge.
Joint Face of weld: Flat
Edges of weld: Good fusion, no overlap, no undercut
Joint
Direction of Travel
Starts and stops: Free of depressions and high spots
Side View (Work Angle) Front View (Travel Angle) Beginnings and endings: Full size, craters filled
Penetration and fusion: To the root of the joint and plate
A B
surfaces
Fig. 13-92 Electrode position when welding a T-joint with a Surrounding plate surfaces: Free of spatter
single-pass fillet weld in the horizontal position. Slag formation: Full coverage, easily removable

382 Chapter 13 Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 13-J1J25 (Plate)
Fig. 13-93 Job drawing J24.

type and size specified for this job. Weld on one


side only.
Break the completed weld as shown in
Fig.13-60, page 365, and examine the surfaces
for soundness. They must not be porous and
must show fusion and penetration at the root
of the weld and to the plate surfaces. The weld
should break through the throat. It should not
Fig. 13-94 Typical appearance of a single-pass fillet weld in a T-joint welded peel off the plate surfaces.
in the horizontal position with DCEP or a.c. shielded arc electrodes.

Job 13-J25 Welding a T-Joint


Disposal
Objectives
Save the completed joints for your next job, which will be
multipass fillet welding. 1. To weld a T-joint in the horizontal position by
means of multipass fillet welds and the stringer bead
Check Test technique with DCEP and/or a.c. shielded metal arc
After you are able to make welds that are satisfactory in electrodes (AWS E6010E6011).
appearance and are approved by your instructor, make up 2. To weld an overlay in the horizontal position by
a test specimen like that shown in Fig. 13-59, page 365. means of a weave bead with DCEP and/or a.c.
Use the plate thickness, welding technique, and electrode shielded metal arc electrodes (AWS E6010E6011).

Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 13-J1J25 (Plate) Chapter 13 383
General Job Information Electrodes

This job is similar to Job 13-J23 except that a different


type of electrode is used.
45 35 35 45
35
Welding Technique
Current adjustment should be somewhat lower than for
Fillet Welds Fillet Weld
electrode negative electrodes. More care should be given Joint
to electrode position. The angle of the electrodes is slightly A B C
different with electrode positive. It is held at a 45 angle
to the flat plate to deposit the second bead, Fig. 13-95A. Fig. 13-95 Electrode position when welding a T-joint with the
stringer bead technique.
The angle is changed to 35 for the third bead, Fig. 13-95B.
The fourth bead is deposited at a 45 angle, and the angle
is changed to 35 for the fifth and sixth beads, Fig. 13-95C.
The electrode is also tilted at a 30 angle in the direction Clean all passes thoroughly. Practice starts and stops.
of travel. The welding technique for both stringer and Travel in all directions.
lacing beads is similar to that practiced in Job 13-J23.
Refer to Fig.13-88, page 380, for deposition of the weave Operations
bead. Undercut is a problem and can be remedied in the 1. Use joints welded for Job 13-J24.
usual manner. Review the welding technique described in 2. Obtain electrodes of each quantity, type, and size
Job 13-J23. specified in the job drawing, Fig. 13-96.

Fig. 13-96 Job drawing J25.

384 Chapter 13 Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 13-J1J25 (Plate)
3. Set a d.c. power source for electrode posi-
tive at 110 to 170 amperes or an a.c. power
source at 115 to 190 amperes.
4. Place the joint in the horizontal position
on the welding table. Make sure that it is
connected to the work connection.
5. Make passes two through six with 532-inch
electrodes as shown on the job draw- Fig. 13-97 Typical appearance of a multipass fillet weld done with the
ing. Hold the electrode as i nstructed in stringer bead technique and a weaving overlay in a T-joint welded in the
Fig.13-95 for each pass. horizontal position with DCEP or a.c. shielded arc electrodes.
6. Chip the slag from the weld, brush, and
inspect between each pass. Refer to Inspection.
7. Set a d.c. power source for electrode positive at 75 to
125 amperes or set an a.c. power source at about the Size: Refer to the job drawing. Check with a fillet weld
same heat value. gauge.
8. Make the weaving bead with 8-inch electrodes as
1
Face of weld: Flat
shown on the job drawing. Manipulate the electrode Edges of weld: Good fusion, no overlap, no undercut
as shown in Fig. 13-88, page 380. Starts and stops: Free of depressions and high spots
9. Chip the slag from the weld, brush, and inspect. Beginnings and endings: Full size, craters filled
Refer to Inspection. Penetration and fusion: To the root of the joint, adjacent
10. Practice these welds until you can produce good beads, and plate surfaces
welds consistently. Surrounding plate surfaces: Free of spatter
Slag formation: Full coverage, easily removable
Inspection
Compare each pass with Fig. 13-97 and check it for the Disposal
following weld characteristics: Put completed joints in the scrap bin so that they can be
used again later. Plate edges can be used for square butt
Width and height: Uniform
welding, and unwelded plate surfaces can be used for
Appearance: Smooth with close ripples; free of voids.
beading.
Restarts should be difficult to locate.

CHAPTER 13 REVIEW

Multiple Choice 3. Which of the following is correct? (Obj. 13-2)


Choose the letter of the correct answer. a. The longer the arc, the lower the voltage.
b. Arc length has no effect on voltage.
1. SMAW is a useful process when doing maintenance
c. The longer the arc, the higher the voltage.
and repair welding because it can be used on a vari-
d. None of these.
ety of steel and other metals; it is also portable and
can be used in tight access. (Obj.13-1) 4. If typical voltages for SMAW are in the 20- to 40-
a. True volt range, what would be a good voltage for verti-
b. False cal and horizontal welding? (Obj. 13-2)
a. On the high end of the range near 40 volts
2. DCEP has which of the following characteristics?
b. Near the middle of the range around 30 volts
(Obj. 13-2)
c. At the low end of the voltage range or 20 volts
a. Deep penetrating weld
d. All of these
b. Shallow penetrating weld
c. Eliminates arc blow 5. Arc blow can be controlled by . (Obj.13-2)
d. Gives the greatest deposition a. Moving the work clamp to another location
b. Changing the position of the electrode

Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 13-J1J25 (Plate) Chapter 13 385
c. Increasing the current Review Questions
d. Both a and b Write the answers in your own words.
6. The tilt of the electrode in the direction of travel is 11. List some of the advantages of the edge joint.
called . (Obj. 13-2) (Obj.13-1)
a. Work angle
12. The last layer of a horizontal weld is sometimes
b. Electrode angle
welded in what manner? Explain the technique.
c. Travel angle
(Obj. 13-2)
d. Transverse angel
13. List six items that affect the amount of current
7. Distortion can best be controlled by .
(heat) that is required for the SMAW process.
(Obj. 13-3)
(Obj.13-2)
a. Clamping and tacking parts properly
b. Performing parts to compensate for shrinkage 14. What are the effects of too long an arc gap on the
of welds weld? (Obj. 13-2)
c. Sequencing welds to distribute heat and/or 15. What are the characteristics of good weld beads?
preheating heavy structures (Obj. 13-2)
d. All of these 16. Is there any difference in the deposit of a elec-
8. Weld spatter is best controlled by . trode negative and an electrode positive electrode?
(Obj.13-3) Explain. (Obj. 13-2)
a. Using the proper type and size of electrode with 17. Undercut can best be controlled by doing what
the proper current five things? (Obj. 13-3)
b. Holding as long an arc as possible 18. Explain the technique for eliminating the crater at
c. Laying the electrode angle down as low as the end of a bead. (Obj. 13-3)
possible 19. What are the results of heat adjustment that is too
d. Traveling as fast as possible to spread the spatter hot? Too cold? (Obj. 13-3)
around
20. Explain the technique for running a fillet weld
9. Which produces the wider bead? (Obj. 13-4) in a lap joint in the horizontal position. (Obj.13-4)
a. Stringer
b. Weave
c. Beading
d. Fillet
10. Some typical ductility or percent of elongation
of SMAW covered electrodes would be .
(Obj. 13-4)
a. 80 to 94
b. 40 to 67
c. 20 to 26
d. 5 to 16

INTERNET ACTIVITIES

Internet Activity A
Using your favorite search engine, see if you can make a list of the chemicals used
to make E6010 and E6013 electrodes. Remember some of the leading electrode
manufacturers are Lincoln Electric, Hobart, and ESAB.
Internet Activity B
Using your favorite search engine, investigate issues dealing with welding fumes.
Make sure your sources are reputable and make a report to your instructor.

386 Chapter 13 Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 13-J1J25 (Plate)
Table 13-6 Job Outline: Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 13-J128 (Plate)

Type of Electrode

AWS AWS AWS


and/or
Specif. Specif. Text S.E.N.S.E.
Job No. Joint Type of Weld Position DCEP DCEN A.C. No. d.c. No. a.c. Reference Level
13-J1 Flat plate Striking the arcshort beading Flat 1 X E6013 E6013 349 NA
13-J2 Flat plate Beadingstringer Flat 1 X X E6013 E6013 351 NA
13-J3 Flat plate Beadingweaved Flat 1 X X E6013 E6013 354 NA
13-J4 Flat plate Beadingstringer Flat 1 X X E6010 E6011 356 Entry Level
13-J5 Flat plate Beadingweaved Flat 1 X X E6010 E6011 358 Entry Level
13-J6 Edge joint Edge Flat 1 X X E6013 E6013 359 NA
13-J7 Edge joint Edge Flat 1 X X E6010 E6011 361 Entry Level
13-J8 Lap joint Filletsingle pass Hor. 2F X X E6013 E6013 363 NA
(plates flat)
13-J9 Lap joint Filletsingle pass Hor. 2F X X E6010 E6011 365 Entry Level
(plates flat)
13-J10 Flat plate Beadingstringer Hor. 2 X X E6010 E6011 366 Entry Level
13-J11 Flat plate Beadingstringertravel down Ver. 3 X X E6010 E6011 368 NA
13-J12 Lap joint Filletsingle passtravel down Ver. 3F X X E6013 E6013 370 NA
13-J13 Lap joint Filletsingle pass Hor. 2F X X E6013 E6013 372 NA
(plates vert.)
13-J14 T-joint Filletsingle pass Flat 1F X X E6013 E6013 374 NA
13-J15 T-joint Filletweaved multipass Flat 1F X X E6013 E6013 376 NA
13-J16 T-joint Filletsingle pass Flat 1F X X E6010 E6011 378 Entry Level
13-J17 T-joint Filletweaved multipass Flat 1F X X E6010 E6011 380 Entry Level
13-J18 Flat plate Beading-stringertravel up Ver. 3 X X E6010 E6011 381 Entry Level
13-J19 Flat plate Beading-weavedtravel up Ver. 3 X X E6010 E6011 383 Entry Level
13-J20 Flat plate Beading-weavedtravel up Ver. 3 X X E6013 E6013 385 NA
13-J21 Lap joint Filletsingle pass-travel up Ver. 3F X X E6010 E6011 386 Entry Level
13-J22 T-joint Filletsingle pass Hor. 2F X X E6013 E6013 389 NA
13-J23 T-joint Filletstringermultipass Hor. 2F X X E6013 E6013 391 NA
and weave pass
13-J24 T-joint Filletsingle pass Hor. 2F X X E6010 E6011 393 Entry Level
13-J25 T-joint Filletstringermultipass Hor. 2F X X E6010 E6011 394 Entry Level
387

and weave pass

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