Part 1; MCQs.

1. A. transduction:
The general process of transduction is the process by which a foreign DNA is introduced

into a cell by a virus. The process does not require physical contact thus making

transduction the correct answer.

2. B. Lower:
When a mutation occurs changing the bases of uracil is a temperature sensitive, which

will eventually lower the critical melting point for the protein. In so doing the denaturing

temperature of the protein will be lower than the normal gene.

3. B. It is the detection of DNA fragments on membranes using a DNA probe:
Southern blotting is a technique which is in use by scientists in determining the presence

of DNA sequence within a mixture using agarose gel electrophoresis. Thus, making the

answer B to be correct.
4. A. Catalyzes the conversion of the free radical into H2O2 and O2:
Superoxide dismutase is an enzyme which alternatively catalyzes the dismutation of the

superoxide radical into mostly the ordinary molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide. The

hydrogen peroxide produced is later disintegrated by other enzymes namely the catalases.
5. C. It is an anion exchange matrix:
Carboxymethyl cellulose is a cellulose derivative which has carboxymethyl groups which

are bound to the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers which collectively

constitutes to the backbone of the cellulose. The constitution of the carboxymethyl makes

it a better anion exchange matrix.

6. C. RNAi:
Suppression occurs by attracting away the mRNA-stabilizing protein, which the decoy

includes the instability, then ultimately destruction occurs of the mRNA. The actual

realization approach affects RNA interference employs a gene-specific double-stranded

RNA eventually introduces into the cell, later leads to a diminution of the target which is

an mRNA.
7. A. Defective chloride channel:
 Cystic fibrosis is in characterization by the actual production of the abnormal mucus that

is preferably sticky and thick. The simple cause of this is gene encodes for a protein

known as cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. When it accumulates to abnormal

rates, it leads to disruption of the chloride channels on the cell.

8. C. In active transport, there is a general consumption of energy enabling movement of

molecules against a concentration gradient:

The main difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport is that active

transport needs energy, while facilitated diffusion has a general tendency of not having

the need for energy to carry molecules, for it flows with concentration gradient while

active transport goes against a concentration gradient.

9. D. Km decreases, Vmax increases:
In competitive inhibition, Km is directly inverse to Vmax thus when Km decreases Vmax

increases, and the reverse acts similarly.

10. C. Synthesizes GTP as an energy source:

GTPpases are nuclear bounding proteins which belong to a family of proteins that serve

as the molecular switches. It hydrolyzes guanine triphosphate to guanine diphosphate, in

turn producing energy in the form of phosphate molecule.