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Chapter Summary netw rks

The Cold War Begins, 19451960

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
How did the Cold War shape postwar
international relations? How did Cold
War tensions affect American society?

This chapter discusses the postwar political scandals and the changing
atmosphere in the postWorld War I United States. This boom period
brought about new technologies that spurred economic growth and
cultural changes that shaped an era.

Origins of the Cold War
In 1944 the United Nations and the Human
Rights Commission were formed.
In 1945 the International Military Tribunal
prosecuted Nazi leaders for war crimes.
Churchill and Roosevelt agreed to
recognize the Polish communist
government.
The Declaration of Liberated Europe stated
all nations had the right to choose their
governments.
The Cold War spread beyond Europe into
Asia; Chinese communists captured Beijing.
In June 1950 North Korean troops invaded
South Korea.
MacArthur was fired by Truman.
In 1951 peace negotiations began with the
armistice signed in 1953.
The United States signed the SEATO
agreement.

Germany was divided by the Allies.
Tensions between the Soviets and the
United States led to the Cold War.
Truman and Stalin met in Potsdam.
Truman insisted that Germanys industry
be allowed to recover.
Soviets set up governments in Eastern
Europe creating the Iron Curtain.
The Early Cold War Years
The United States believed that
containment would cause the Soviet
system to fall apart.
Soviet agression in the Middle East,
Turkey, and Greece caused more tension.
The Truman Doctrine promised to fight the
spread of communism.
The Marshall Plan gave aid to European
nations.
The Soviet blockade in Berlin led to a
military alliance with Western Europe and
an agreement to create NATO.
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The Cold War and U.S.
Society
Fear of communism led to the Red Scare.
The Loyalty Review Program screened
federal employees.
The House Un-American Activities
Committee began a witch-hunt focused
on the film industry.
Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs were
convicted of spying.
The Soviets tested the hydrogen bomb,
Americans built fallout shelters, and
nuclear fears influenced books and movies.
Eisenhowers Cold War
Policies
Eisenhower beleived in massive
retaliation.
Brinkmanship was a bargaining tool.
Covert operations contained communism.
The Space Race began when Sputnik was
launched; NASA was founded.
Soviets shot down a U.S. U-2 spy plane.