CPCB Annual Report 2014-15 Highlights Key Pollution Data

Annual Report 2014-15
Central Pollution Control Board
Annual Report
2014-15

Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
Website: www.cpcb.nic.in
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CPCB, 300 Copies, 2015 (English)
Published by : PR Division, Central Pollution Control Board on behalf of

Dr. A.B. Akolkar, Member Secretary, CPCB, Delhi-32.
Text Compilation & Editing : Shri Shriance Jain Smt. Anamika Sagar and Satish Kumar
Printing Supervision & Layout : Shri Shriance Jain, Smt. Anamika Sagar and Shri Satish Kumar
Printed at : Chandu Press, New Delhi
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CONTENTS
Chapter Title Page

No.
I Introduction 1
II Constitution of The Central Pollution Control Board 4
III Meetings of The Central Pollution Control Board 5
IV Committees Constituted by the Board and Their Activities 8
V Air, Water and Noise Monitoring Network 9
VI Present State of Environment, Environmental Problems and 47

Counter Measures
VII Environmental Research 124
VIII Environmental Training 136
IX Environmental Awareness and Public Participation 138
X Environmental Standards Including Schedule for Their 145

Enforcement
XI Prosecutions Launched, Convictions Secured and Directions 174

Given for Closure of Polluting Industries
XII Finance and Accounts 179
XIII Annual Action Plan for the Year 2014 2015 180
XIV Other Important Activities 182
Annexures 229

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
The Central Government constituted the, Central Board for the Prevention
and Control of Water Pollution, on September 23, 1974 under the provisions of
The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. The name of the Central
Board was amended to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) under the Water
(Prevention & Control of Pollution) Amendment Act, 1988 (No. 53 of 1988). Since
May, 1981 the Central Pollution Control Board has been entrusted with the added
responsibilities of Air Pollution Control under the provisions of the Air (Prevention
and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. The enactment of the Environment (Protection)
Act, 1986, an umbrella legislation for enforcement of measures for protection of
environment and notifications of several Rules under the Act widened the scope of
activities of the Central Board.
The CPCB has been continuously playing a key role in abatement and control of
pollution in the country by generating, compiling and collating data, providing
scientific information, rendering technical inputs for formation of national policies
and programmes, training and development of manpower and promoting awareness
at different levels of the Government and Public at large.
1.1 FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL BOARD

The main functions of CPCB, as spelt out in The Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1974, and The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981,
are:
(i) To promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the States
through prevention, control and abatement of water pollution; and,
(ii) To improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or abate air pollution in the
country.
In addition to the main functions of promoting cleanliness of streams and wells,
improving the quality of air and to prevent, control or abate air pollution, CPCB has
been assigned following functions at National Level :
Advise the Central Government on any matter concerning prevention and

control of water and air pollution and improvement of the quality of air;
Plan and cause to be executed a nationwide programme for the prevention,
control or abatement of water and air pollution;
Coordinate the activities of the State Boards and resolve disputes among
them;
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Provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Boards, carry out and
sponsor investigations and research relating to problems of water and air
pollution, and for their prevention, control or abatement;
Plan and organise training of persons engaged in programmes for prevention,
Organise through mass media, a comprehensive mass awareness programme
on prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;
Collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to water and
air pollution and the measures devised for their effective prevention, control or
abatement;
Prepare manuals, codes and guidelines relating to treatment and disposal of
sewage and trade effluents as well as for stack gas cleaning devices, stacks and
ducts;
Disseminate information in respect of matters relating to water and air pollution
and their prevention and control;
Lay down, modify or annul, in consultation with the State Governments
concerned, the standards for stream or well, and lay down standards for the
quality of air;
Establish or recognize laboratories to enable the Board to perform, and;
Perform such other functions as and when prescribed by the Government of
India.
1.2 FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL BOARD AS STATE BOARD FOR THE UNION
TERRITORIES
Advise the Governments of Union Territories with respect to the suitability of
any premises or location for carrying on any industry which is likely to pollute
a stream or well or cause air pollution;
Lay down standards for treatment of sewage and trade effluents and for emissions
from automobiles, industrial plants, and any other polluting source;
Evolve efficient methods for disposal of sewage and trade effluents on land;
Develop reliable and economically viable methods for treatment of sewage, trade
effluents and air pollution control equipment;
Identify any area or areas within Union Territories as air pollution control area
or areas to be notified under The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981; and
Assess the quality of ambient air and water, and inspect wastewater
treatment installations, air pollution control equipments, industrial plants or
manufacturing processes to evaluate their performance and to take steps for
the prevention, control and abatement of air and water pollution.
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1.3 DELEGATION OF POWERS BY CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

As per the policy decision of the Government of India, the Central Pollution Control
Board, delegated its powers and functions from time to time under Section 4, Sub
Section 4 of The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Section
6 of The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 with respect to various
Union Territories to respective Pollution Control Committees under the administrative
control of the local Administration (Annexure-I).
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CHAPTER II
CONSTITUTION OF THE CENTRAL BOARD
2.1 According to the provisions of The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution)
Act, 1974, the Central Board consists of the following members:
A fulltime Chairman, being a person having special knowledge or practical
experience in respect of matters relating to environmental protection or a
person having knowledge and experience in administering institutions dealing
with the matters aforesaid, to be nominated by the Central Government;
such number of officials, not exceeding five, to be nominated by the Central
Government to represent Government;
such number of persons, not exceeding five, to be nominated by the Central
Government, from amongst the members of the State Boards, of whom not
exceeding two shall be from amongst the members of the local authorities;
such number of nonofficials, not exceeding three to be nominated by the Central
Government, to represent the interest of agriculture, fishery or industry or
trade or any other interest which, in the opinion of the Central Government,
ought to be represented;
two persons to represent the companies or corporations owned, controlled or
managed by the Central Government, to be nominated by the Government;
and
a fulltime Member Secretary, possessing qualifications, knowledge and
experience of scientific, engineering or management aspects of pollution control,
to be appointed by the Central Government.
2.2 List of Board Members during year 2014 - 2015 is provided at Annexure-II.
The organisation structure of the Central Pollution Control Board is provided
at Annexure-III. Staff strength as on March 31, 2015 is furnished in
Annexure-IV.
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CHAPTER III
MEETINGS OF CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
3.1 MEETINGS OF THE CENTRAL BOARD

During the reporting period (i.e. April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015), four meetings of
the Central Board were held as under:
S. No. Meeting No. Date Place

1. 165th June 26, 2014 MoEF, New Delhi
2. 166th September 27, 2014 MoEF, New Delhi
3. 167th January 30, 2015 MoEF, New Delhi
4. 168 th
March 27, 2015 MoEF, New Delhi
3.2 MAJOR DECISIONS TAKEN BY THE BOARD

1. Approved the proposed Environmental Standards and Good Practices for
Automobile Service Stations. Bus Depots & Workshops and Guidelines for
disposal of Waste Oil, Used Battery, etc.
2. Approved the Re-Constitution of Research Advisory Committee of CPCB.
3. Reviewed the activities of CPCB Project Office Agra.
4. Approved the Annual Action Plan 2014-2015.
5. Approved the Reorganization plan of CPCB.
6. Approved the revised Effluent Standards for Common Effluent Treatment
Plants.
7. Approved the Development of Uniform National Air Quality Index.
8. Approved the Environmental Standards for Manmade fibre Industries.
9. Approved the Environmental Standards for Paint Industries.
10. Approved the Revised Environmental Standards for Coffee Processing
Industry.
11. Approved the proposal for Setting up of Continuous Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring Stations (CAAQMS) in Critically Polluted Areas (CPAs).
12. Approved the Revision of TA/DA for the project staff working in NGRBA Cell.
13. Approved the Monitoring Allowance for Employees of CPCB.
14. Approved the Revision of Environmental Standards for Brick Kilns.
15. Approved the proposal for Setting up of Continuous Water Quality Monitoring
Stations (CWQMS).
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16. Approved the amendment in the Central Pollution Control Board (Qualification
and other Terms and Conditions of Services of Chairman), Rules, 2012 notified
vide notification G.S.R. 860 (E) dated 29.11.2012.
17. Approved the CPCB Annual Audit Report for the Financial Year 2013-2014.
18. Approved the Annual Report of CPCB for the year 2013-2014.
19. Approved the proposal of Star rating/labelling of industries based on
environmental performance.
20. Approved the proposal for display of Air Quality data in bigger cities with Private
Participation.
21. Approved the guidelines on techno-economic feasibility of implementation of
zero liquid discharge (ZLD) for water polluting industries; and Action Plan for
5 Sectors towards ZLD in Ganga Basin States.
22. Approved the Primary Water Quality Criteria for bathing water (water used for
organized outdoor bathing) under the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.
23. Approved the standards proposed for Sewage Treatment Plants.
24. Approved the revision of CEPI
25. Approved the Categorization of Red / Orange / Green categories of industries.
26. Approved the Development of Noise Standard for multi-toned horns and
sirens.
27. Approved the Implementation of Honble CAT orders for promotion of Senior
Scientific Assistant to Scientist B as per notified Recruitment Rules, 1995.
28. Approved the Regularization of 06 employees in the sanctioned strength of
CPCB appointed under HWMD
3.3. REGIONAL CONFERENCE

The Regional Conference of Chairmen & Member Secretaries of Pollution Control
Boards / Committees (SPCBs/PCCs) of Northern States was organised during
January 09, 2015 at Chandigarh. Over 35 participants from 8 SPCBs / PCCs,
MoEF & CC, and CPCB attended the meeting.
The major issues discussed during the meeting included:
Adoption of National Air Quality Index for cities and towns;

Commissioning of non-operating ambient air quality monitoring stations and
setting up of continuous air quality monitoring stations;
Strengthening monitoring capabilities of existing NAMP stations from 3 to 8
parameters;
Maintenance of ambient air quality in the cities and towns as per NAAQ
Standards;
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Identification of new Polluted River Stretches and Setting up of Continuous

Water Quality Monitoring Stations (CWQMS);
Restoration and maintenance of water quality of rivers at interstate
boundaries;
Inventorisation of industries in Ganga Basin and intiating action to be taken
against polluting industries in compliance to the order of NGT;
Compliance to the Direction issued by CPCB on 05.02.2014 to SPCBs/PCCs
regarding self-monitoring and self compliance by setting-up of online effluent
and emission monitoring systems by 17 category of highly polluting industries,
CETPs, CHWTSDFs and CBMWTFs;
Categorization of Red / Orange / Green categories of industries;
Review of implementation of action plans in critically polluted areas;
Enforcement of standards for ensuring compliance by 17 categories of industries
vis--vis surprise checks by CPCB;
Sealing of unorganised plastic carry bags and other plastic product
manufacturing industries compliance to directions issued by CPCB;
Compliance of NGT order regarding MSW management and letters issued by
Chairman, CPCB, to the Chief Secretaries.
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CHAPTER IV
COMMITTEES CONSTITUTED BY THE BOARD & THEIR ACTIVITIES
4.1 Constitution of Sectoral Standing Committee and National

Task Force : Sugar and Distillery Industirs
Implementation of pollution Control measures for enhancing pollution compliance

status and enforcement mechanism. Task Force for Sugar and Distillery Industries
is constituted for a period of three years.
4.2 Constitution of Sectoral Standing Committee and National

Task Force : Pulp & Paper Industries
Implementation of pollution Control measure for enhancing pollution compliance

status and enforcement mechanism, Task Force for Pulp & Paper Industries is
constituted for a period of three years.
4.3 Real Time Water Quality Monitoring (RTWQM)
Network on River Ganga assisted by The World Bank under National Ganga River
Basin Authority (NGRBA) programme. The project has major components.
1. Engagement of the RTWQM data service provider 2. Engagement of Real Time

Data Qualification
2. Services Contractor (Consultant)
4.4 Technical Expert Committee
Evaluation of proposal for utilization of the hazardous wastes under Rule 11 of the
Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary) Rules, 2008
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CHAPTER V
AIR, WATER AND NOISE MONITORING NETWORK
5.1 WATER QUALITY MONITORING

5.1.1 RIVER STRETCHES FOR RESTORATION OF WATER QUALITY
Central Pollution Control Board is monitoring 445 rivers in 29 States and 6 Union
Territories in the country. The monitored data is analyzed statistically and compared
with the water quality criteria. The stretches of rivers not meeting with the criteria
are identified as polluted stretches and categorized in five priority classes. Based
on BOD concentration stretches consistently exceeding to BOD levels >30 mg/l are
categorised as Priority Class-I, BOD between 20 & 30 mg/l as Priority Class - II,
BOD between 10 & 20mg/l as Priority Class-III, BOD between 6-10 mg/l as Priority
Class IV and BOD between 3 & 6 mg/l as Priority Class- V. Based on the monitored
data 302 stretches on 275 rivers have been identified as polluted.
PRIORITY WISE POLLUTED RIVER STRETCHES

Among the 302 identified as polluted river stretches 34 tall in Priority Class I, 17
in Priority Class II, 36 in Priority Class III, 57 in Priority Class IV and 158 are in
Priority Class V.
The number of polluted stretches State-wise in descending order are Maharashtra

(49), Assam (28), Madhya Pradesh (21), Gujarat (20), West Bengal (17), Karnataka
(15), Kerala (13), Uttar Pradesh (13), Manipur (12), Orissa (12), Meghalaya (10),
Jammu & Kashmir (9), Goa (8), Himachal Pradesh (8), Jharkhand (8), Rajasthan
(8), Tamil Nadu (7), Telangana (7), Andhra Pradesh (6), Bihar (5), Chhattisgarh (5),
Sikkim (5), Uttarakhand (5), Nagaland (3), Haryana (2), Punjab (2), Tripura (2),
Daman & Diu (1) and Delhi (1).
STATE-WISE POLLUTED RIVER STRETCHES

The State-wise polluted rivers and category of priority classes are given below:
Andhra Pradesh - Godavari, Hundari, Krishna, Tungabhadra, Pennar and Kundu

fall in priority class V.
Assam - Mora Bharali, Barak, Beki, Bharalu, Bhogdoi, Boginadi, Brahmaputra,

Burhidihing, Deepar Bill, Dhansiri, Digboi, Disang, Jia Bharali, Jhanji, Kalong,
Kapili, Kharsang, Kohora, Kundli, Kushiara, Manas, Pagadia, Panchnai, Ranga nadi,
Sankosh, Sonai, Subansiri, Kathakal. These rivers are classified in three priority
classes (Class I, IV and V).
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Bihar - Ganga, Harbora, Manusmar, Ramrekha and Sirsia. The polluted rivers in
Bihar fall under 4 priority classes (Class-II, III, IV and V).
Chhattisgarh - Hasdeo, Kelo, Kharoon, Mahanadi and Seonath fall in priority class
Daman and Diu - Damanganga categorized as Priority class I
Delhi - Yamuna categorized as Priority class I
Goa - Mandovi, Assonora, Bicholim, Chapora, Khandepar, Mapusa, Sal and Valvant.
These rivers are classified in Priority Class III, IV and V based on the level of
BOD.
Gujarat - Mahi, Narmada, Ambika, Amlakhadi, Anas, Baleshwar Khadi, Bhadar,

Damanganga, Kaveri, Khari, Kim, Kolak, Mahi, Mindhola, Narmada, Panam, Bhogavo,
Dhadar, Purna, Sabarmati, Shedi, Tapi and Triveni These rivers are classified in
four priority classes (Class I, III, IV and V).
Haryana - Ghaggar and Yamuna. The polluted rivers in Haryana fall under 2 priority
classes (Class-II and IV).
Himachal Pradesh - Beas, Tons, Sirsa, Swan, Sukhana, Suketi khad, Markanda
and Binwa fall in priority class I, IV and V.
Jammu and Kashmir - Banganga, Basanter, Chenab, Chunt Kol, Dewak, Gawkadal,
Jhelam, Liddar Nalah and Tawi. These rivers are classified in two priority classes
(Class IV and V).
Jharkhand - Bokaro, Damodar, Jumar, Karo, Koel, North Koel, Sankh and
Subarnrekha. The polluted rivers in Jharkhand fall under 2 priority classes (Class-
IV and V).
Karnataka - Arkavathi, Bhadra, Bhima, Cauvery, Ghatprabha, Kabini, Kagina, Kali,

Krishna, Lakshmantirtha, Malprabha, Manjira, Shimsha, Tungabhadra and Tunga.
These rivers are classified in priority class IV and V.
Kerala - Chitrapuzha, Kadambayar, Kallai, Karamana, Keecheri, Kuppam,

Manimala, Neeleswaram, Periyar, Pullur, Puzhckal, Thirur and Uppala. These rivers
are classified in three priority classes (Class I, IV and V).
Madhya Pradesh - Banjar, Betwa, Bichia, Chambal, Chillar, Denwa, Gohad, Gour,
Jammer, Kalisot, Khan, Kolar, Kshipra, Kunda, Malei, Narmada, Parvati, Shivna,
Tapi, Tons and Wainganga. The polluted rivers in Madhya Pradesh fall under 5
priority classes (Class- I, II, III, IV and V).
Maharashtra - Wena, Wainganga, Godavari, Bhima, Krishna, Ulhas, Kundalika,

Tapi, Girna, Panchganga, Nira, Bhatsa, Rangavali, Chandrabhaga, Vashishti,
Mithi, Kanhan, Koyna, Amba, Amravati, Bindusara, Darna, Ghod, Gomai, Hiwara,
Indrayani, Kan, Manjra, Mor, Morna, Mula, Mula- Mutha, Mutha, Panzara,
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Patalganga, Pawna, Pedhi, Pehlar, Penganga, Purna, Savitri, Sina, Surya, Urmodi,
Vel, Vaitrana, Venna, Waghur and Wardha. These rivers are classified in priority
class I, II, III, IV and V.
Manipur - Barak, imphal, Iril, Khuga, Khujairok, Lokchao, Maha, Manipur, Nambul,
Sekmai, Thoubal and Wangjing. These rivers are classified in priority class II, III,
IV and V.
Meghalaya - Bugi, Kynshi, Kyrhukhla, Lukha, Myndtu, Nonbah, Umkhrah,
Umshyrpi, Umtrew and Wahbei. These rivers are classified in four priority classes
(Class I, III, IV and V).
Nagaland - Chathe, Dhansiri and Dzu. These rivers are classified in priority class
II and IV.
Orissa - Brahmani, Budhalbhanga, Daya, Kathjodi, Koel, Kuakhai, Mahanadi,
Nagavali, Rushikulya, Serua and Vanasdhara. The polluted rivers in Orissa fall
under 4 priority classes (Class- II, III, IV and V).
Punjab - Ghaggar and Satluj are classified in two priority classes (Class I and II).
Rajasthan - Banas, Chambal, Chappi, Ghaggar, kali sindh, Parvati, Jawai and Ujad.
These rivers are classified in priority class I, II, III and V based on the level of BOD.
Sikkim - Dikchu, Maney Khola, Rangit, Ranichu, Teesta. The polluted rivers in
Sikkim fall under priority class V.
Tamil Nadu - Bhawani, Tambirapani, Palar, Sarabanga, Thirumanimuthar and
Vasista. The polluted rivers in Tamil Nadu fall under 3 priority classes (Class- I, II
and V).
Telangana - Godavari, Krishna, Manjeera, Musi, Nakkavagu, Sabari and Maner.
These rivers are classified in three priority classes (Class I, II and V).
Tripura - Gumti and Haora are classified in priority Class V.
Uttar Pradesh - Gomti, Hindon, Kalinadi, Ramganga, Rapti, Rihand, Sai, Saryu,
Ganga, Yamuna and Kosi. These rivers are classified in four priority classes (Class
I, III, IV and V).
Uttarakhand - Suswa, Ganga, Dhela, Bhella and Kosi. The polluted rivers in
Uttarakhand fall under 2 priority classes (Class- I and V).
West Bengal - Barakar, Churni, Damodar, Dwarkeshwar, Dwarka, Ganga, Jalangi,
Kalijani, Kansi, Karola, Mahananda, Mathabhanga, Mayurkashi, Rupnarayan,
Silababti, Teesta and Vindhyadhari. These rivers are classified in priority class III,
IV and V.
The estimated polluted riverine length of all the priority classes together is about
12,363 Km.
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URBAN CENTRES ALONG POLLUTED RIVER STRETCHES

650 towns are located along the 302 identified polluted river stretches on 275 rivers.
The number of towns/cities state-wise in descending order are Maharashtra (161),
Assam (49), West Bengal (47), Gujarat (38), Madhya Pradesh (37), Uttar Pradesh (37),
Karnataka (24), Kerala (22), Tamil Nadu (23), Orissa (20), Rajasthan (20), Jammu
& Kashmir (18), Manipur (17), Telangana (18), Jharkhand (16), Himachal Pradesh
(14), Chhattisgarh (12), Meghalaya (12), Sikkim (11), Goa (9), Andhra Pradesh (8),
Bihar (8), Haryana (7), Uttarakhand (6), Nagaland (4), Tripura (4), Punjab (5), Daman
& Diu (2), Delhi (1).
Out of the 46 metropolitan cities (Census 2011), 35 cities (Vijayawada, Patna, Raipur,
Delhi, Ahmedabad, Surat, Vadodara, Srinagar, Dhanbad, Ranchi, Bengaluru, Indore,
Bhopal, Jabalpur, Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, Thane, Pimpri-Chinchwad, Nashik,
Kalyan-Dombivali, Vasai-Virar, Ludhiana, Kota, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Kanpur,
Ghaziabad, Agra, Meerut, Varanasi, Allahabad, Kolkata, Howrah, Faridabad) are
located along the polluted river stretches.
N
J & K Banganga,Basantar,Chenab,Chunt Kol, Dewak,Gawkadal
Jhelam,Liddar Nala & Tawi,
PUNJAB RAJASTHAN Banas, DELHI

Ghaggar, Chambal,Chappi, Yamuna
Satluj GhaggarKali.Sindh,
HIMACHAL PRADESH
Parvati,Jawai,Ujad
Beas,Tons,Sirsa,Swan,Sukhna,S ASSAM Mora,Bharali,
HARYANA uket ikhad,Binwa And Markanda Barak,Beki,Bharalu,Bhogdoi,
Ghaggar,
Bonginadi,Brahmaputra,
Yamuna UTTARAKHAND Burhidihing,DeeparBill,
Suswa,Ganga, Dhansiri,Digboi,Disang,Jai
GUJARAT Mahi,Narmada, Dhela,Bhela and Kosi Bharali,Jhanji,Kalong.Kapili,
Ambika,Amlakhadi,Anas,Baleshwar, Kharsang,Kohora,Kundli,
Khadi,Bhadar,Damanganga,Kaveri, UTTAR PRADESH Kushiara,Manas,Pagldia,
Khari,Kim,Kolak,Mahi,Mindhola, Gomti,Hindon, Panchnai,RangaNadi,
Narmada,Panam,Bhogavo,Dhadar, Kalinadi,Ramganga,Rapti,Rihand, Sankosh,Sonai,Subansiri,
Purna,Sabarmati,Shedi,Tapi,Triveni Sai,Saryu,Ganga,Yamuna,Kosi Kathkal
MADHYA PRADESH Banjar, SIKKIM Dichu,Manely,Khola,

Betwa,Bichia,Chambal,Chillar, Rangit,Ranichu,Teesta
Denwa,Gohad,Gour,Jammer,
Kalisot,Khan,Kolar,Kshipra,
Kunda,Malei,Narmada,Parvati, NAGALAND
Shivana,Tapi,Tons&wainganga Chathe,
Dhansiri,Dzu
MANIPUR Barak,
MAHARASHTRA Vena, Imphal,Iril,Khuga,
W ainganga,Godavari,Bhima, Khujairok,Lokchao,
Krishna,Ulhas,Kundalika,Tapi Maha,Manipur,Nambul,
Girna,Panchganga,Nira,Bhatsa, Sekmai,Thoubal and
Rangavali,Chandrabhaga, W angjing
Vashishti,Mithi,Kanhan,Koyna,
Amba,Amravati,Bindusara,
TRIPURA Gumti and
Darna,Ghod,Gomai,Hiwara,
Haora
Indrayani,Kan,Manjara,Mor,
Morna,Mula,Mutha,Mula-Mutha,
Panjara,Patalgnga,Pawna,Pedhi, MEGHALAYA Bugi,Kynshi,
Pehlar,Penganga,Purna,Savitri, Kyrthukhla,Lukha,Myndtu,Nonbah,,
Sina,Surya,Urmodi,Vel,Vaitarana, Umkhrah,Umshyrpi,Umtrew, and
Venna,W aghur & W ardha, CHHATTISGARH W ahbei
Hasdeo,Kelo,Kharoon,
Mahanadi andSeonath WEST BENGAL
Barakar,Churni,
DAMAN & DIU - Damanganga Damodar,Dwarkeshwar,Dwarka,
ANDHRA PRADESH
Ganga,Jalangi,Kalijani,Kansi,
Godavari,Hundari,
Karola,Mahananda,Mathabhanga,
Krishna,Tungabhadra,
GOA Mandovi,Assonora,Bicholim, Mayurkshi,Rupnarayan,Silababti,
Pennar andKundu
Chapora,Khandepar,Mapusa,Sal,Valvant Teesta andVindhyadhari
TELANGANA Godavari, BIHAR Ganga,Harbora,

KARNATAKA Arkavathi,Bhadra,Bhima, Krishna,Manjeera,Mussi,
Cauvery,Ghatprabha,Kabini,Kagina,Kali, Manusmar,Ramrekha and Sirisia
Nakkavagu,Sabari & Maner
Krishna,Lakshmantirtha,Malprabha,Manjir
a,Shimsha,Tungabhadra and Tunga TAMIL NADU JHARKHAND Bokaro,Damodar,
Bhawani,Tambirapani, Jumar,Karo,Koel,NorthKoel,Sankh
Palar,Sarabanga, & Subarnrekha
Thirumanimuthar,and Vasista
KERALA Chitrapuzha,Kadmbyar,Kallai,
Karamna,Keecheri,Kuppam,Manimala, LEGEND
Neeleswaram,Periyar,Pullur,Puzhckal, ODISHA Brahmani,Budhalbhanga, International Boundary
Thirur & Uppala Daya,Kathjodi,Koel,KuaKHai,Mahanadi, State Boundary
Nagavali,Rushikulya,Serua & Vanasdhara River
( MAP NOT TO SCALE )
STATE WISE MAPPING OF POLLUTED RIVERS IN INDIA

Fig. 5.1 : State wise Mapping of Polluted River stretches
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5.1.2 Water quality monitoring in River Ganga

Monitoring of water quality of river Kali, Ramganga, Ganga, Varuna and their
major tributaries is conducted at the following specific locations:
River Ramganga Near Farrukhabad
River Kali near Kannuj
River Ganga near Bithoor
River Ganga at Kanpur
River Ganga at Uchaahar ( Raibaereli)
River Ganga u/s Allahabad
River Yamuna b/c with River Ganga
Bathing Ghat at Sangam
River Ganga d/s Allahabad width
River Ganga d/s Allahabad width
River Ganga at Pakka Ghat Vindhyachal
River Ganga u/s Varanasi
River Ganga at Dashashwamegh Ghat
River Ganga near Malviya Bridge at Varanasi
River Varuna b/c with River Ganga
River Ganga d/s Varanasi width
River Ganga d/s Varanasi width
River Ganga at Tarighat
With reference to designated best use classification criteria (CPCB), the entire
stretch of river Ganga from Haridwar to Tarighat has been designated as category
B, which implies that water quality is fit for bathing, swimming, water sports
etc. The status of water quality observed in different phases of monitoring is
described below:
a. The D.O. observed in the complete stretch was more than 5 mg/l i.e. well within
the limit to conform the water quality as class B.
b. River Kali carrying industrial discharges meets river Ganga near Kannauj and
imparts adverse impact on the water quality of recipient water body.
c. Water quality of river Ganga at Kanpur gets affected greatly due to discharges
from various drains carrying urban and industrial effluent.
d. During Magh Mela, most of the drains flowing in Allahabad area were tapped
and new STPs commissioned. This helped in reduced discharge of pollution
load to the river and improvement in water quality at Allahabad during mela
period particularly at Sangam.
13 | Page
e. The river Varuna at Varanasi works as a drain to carry the excess effluent
of Dinapur STP and few minor drains of Varanasi and meets river Ganga in
downstream of Varanasi. The river was found tapped before the confluence
with River Ganga.
f. In terms of BOD, the complete studied stretch does not conform to the B
class.
5.1.3 Monitoring of Inter-State Rivers
Monitoring of river Sutlaj, Beas, Sone, Betwa, Ramganga, and Ganga is being
carried out on quarterly basis at the Inter-State boundary of Himachal Pradesh,
Punjab, UP, MP and Bihar. Samples were collected from the identified river
points and analyzed for selected parameters as per the monitoring protocol
notified by the MoEF & EC, New Delhi. Two drains i.e. Golthai (H.P.) and
Sohana (H.P.) meeting river Satluj and Beas respectively in Punjab are also
being monitored every quarter considering the objective of project. Details of
monitoring locations are given below:
1. River Ramganga Dist. Kalagarh (U.K.)
2. River Ramganga Dist. Bijnaur (U.P.)
3. River Sone upstream b/c to river Rihand at Deora, Chopan.
4. River Sone downstream a/c to river Rihand at Chopan (U.P.)
5. River Betwa upstream at Kanjia road bridge, Dist. Ashoknagar (M.P.)
6. River Betwa downstream at Sukma Dukma Dam at Talbahet, Dist.- Jhansi
(U.P.)
7. River Ganga at Ghazipur, (U.P.)
8. River Ganga at Majhighat ( BR)
9. River Sutlej at UdhawTample (Nangal), Punjab.
10. River Sutlej at Olinda, Near Bhakhara Dam (H.P.).
11. River Beas d/s at Changwadavill., Talwada, Dist. Hoshiarpur (Punjab)
12. River Beas near Pong dam Dist. Kangra (H.P.)
13. River Ravi at Madhawpur (Punjab)
14. River Ravi at Lakhanpur (J&K)
14 | Page
Table 5.1 : Monitored Water quality of inter state Rivers
GENERAL PARAMETERS
Field
Sampling General Org. Matter Major Ion Coliforms
Determination
Point
DO Temp pH EC BOD COD B Cl- Total Faecal
(mg/ (0C) (mohs (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (MPN/ (MPN/
l) /cm) 100 ml) 100 ml)
1 5.3 19.0 7.6 163.2 2.3 29.0 1.5 3.6 3.3 X104 3.3 X104
2 3.3 19.0 7.9 183.4 10.5 83.2 2.5 4.1 4.9 X104 4.9 X104
3 7.0 31.0 8.4 207.0 2.0 12.3 7.0 4.5 2 X102 <1.8
4 6.4 27.0 7.7 146.0 BDL 10.2 6.4 4.9 4.9 X103 4.5 X103
5 8.6 26.7 8.7 272.0 3.4 18.9 2.5 10.0 4.5 X102 1.3 X102
6 8.6 26.8 8.1 199.0 1.3 9.1 2.4 10.3 4.5 X102 < 1.8
7 8.6 26.2 8.4 450.0 2.6 25.4 3.7 25.4 4.9 X103 1.3 X103
8 10.4 26.5 8.6 376.0 2.1 19.6 2.5 24.6 3.3 X103 9.3 X102
9 8.1 15.2 7.8 231.0 BDL BDL 1.9 5.4 2.2 X105 1.9 X105
10 7.9 15.3 8.1 189.0 BDL BDL 2.1 3.5 6.1 X103 4.0 X103
11 7.6 16.1 8.6 272.0 BDL BDL 2.3 9.1 4.5 X103 4.5 X103
12 6.8 15.3 8.0 158.0 BDL BDL 1.7 10.0 2.0 X103 2.0 X103
13 8.0 16.5 7.3 156.0 BDL BDL 1.9 3.8 2.3 X104 1.3 X104
14 7.6 16.4 7.8 157.0 BDL BDL 1.9 2.9 4.9 X104 3.3 X104
5.1.4 Monitoring during Magh Mela 2015 :

Magh Melais a massHindupilgrimageof faith in which Hindus gather to bathe in
river Ganga at Allahabad. It is the worlds largest religious gathering. Kumbhmeans
a pitcher and Mela means fair in Hindi. The pilgrims take bath in the river over
a period of about two months viz. Jan - Feb at Allahabad. The devotees perform
rituals at Triveni Sangam the confluence of Yamuna andGanga and the mythical
Sarasvati. Approx 20 million people visit during the Magh Mela, and stay one month
for Kalpwash. It is widely believed that taking a holy dip at the Sangam on auspicious
days (bathing dates) washes away all the sins and lead to Moksha.
15 | Page
Observations
Water quality of River Ganga is largely affected due to the continuously reducing
flow. Industrial effluent and untreated sewage being discharged to Ganga
directly or indirectly through its tributaries add organic load thus making
waters of river ganga unfit for bathing.
Large number of mineral water bottles are thrown in river by the pilgrims.
Increased number of pilgrims on main bathing parvas i.e 85 and 50 lakh during
Mauni Amawasya and Basant Panchami.
06 STPs installed under NGRBA project are operational at Allahabad .
The performance of STPs was satisfactory except for Salori and Numayadahi
STP.
Water quality of River Ganga at Sangam in Allahabad during Makarsankranti
festival has shown improvement as compared to 2014 with respect to Dissolved
Oxygen, which indicates reduced release of on organic load into the river Ganga
which can be attributed to the preventive measure taken by the Government.
Table 5.2: river water quality (average value)
during Maghmela 2015
Location DO BOD COD (mg/l) Cl (mg/l)
(mg/) (mg/l)
Ganga upstream 9.1 4.9 20.5 22.1
Yamuna 9 2 15 56
Sangam 8.8 3.7 19.2 32.3
D/s Manaia village 9.2 2.9 16.3 50.5
D/s Deehaghat 9.6 3 18.1 47
Average concentrations of DO, BOD, COD & Cl

during magh Mela 2015
90
80
70 Cl(mg/l)
60
mg/l
50 COD (mg/l)
40
30
20 BOD (mg/l)
10
0
DO(mg/l)
Ganga up Yamuna Sangam D/s D/s
stream Manaia Deehaghat
vill
Fig. 5.2 : Average concentration of DO, BOD, COD & Cl during Magh Mela 2015
16 | Page
Water quality of River Ganga at all locations in Allahabad during Magh Mela has
been compiled with respect to DO, BOD, COD and Chloride on average basis.
Lower concentration of BOD and COD was observed at D/s Village Manaia
(05-06 KM D/s from Sanagm) and D/s Deehaghat (10-12 KM D/s Sangam) of
river Ganga than upstream and Sangam. Which may be due to self-purification
capacity of the river that maintained the water quality at downstream.
The Dissolved Oxygen was found higher at D/s Village Manaia and D/s
Deehaghat than upstream and Sangam, it indicates that the water quality of
river Ganga meets the class B criteria as per DBU standard.
The number of faecal coliform at all locations was found higher than the
prescribed standard i.e. 500 MPN/100ml.
Considering the BOD concentration and Total number of coliform at upstream
Sangam on river Ganga and at Sangam, the water quality of river falls in class
C as per the DBU classification.
5.1.5 National Ganga River Basin Authority
5.1.5.1 Activities executed under NGRBA Project are summarized as follows:
Compliance verification of Grossly Polluting Industries.

Adequacy assessment of Common Effluent Treatment Plants.
Performance evaluation of Sewage Treatment Plants.
Intensive water quality monitoring in polluted stretches
Periodic pollution Assessment of major drains falling into River Ganga.
Comprehensive groundwater monitoring in districts adjacent of River Ganga.
Installation of Real Time Water Quality Monitoring Stations (RTWQMS) on River
Ganga.
A Summary of activities performed under NGRBA:
1) Industrial Visit:
Compliance verification and inventorisation of 269 industries in 25 districts of UP
(Bareilly, Pillibhit, Sitapur, Kanpur, Unnao, Allahabad, Mirzapur, Shahajahanpur,
Farrukhabad, Kushinagar, Deoria, Gorakhpur, Mau, Varanasi, Chandauli, Sant
Ravidasnagar, Gonda, Faizabad, Farrukhabad, Hardoi, Muradabad, Aligarh,
Mujaffarnagar, Raibareilly and Ghazipur) was carried out. Out of these 269 units
105 units were visited under NGT reference, 111 units under PMO reference for
verification of the directions issued under section 5 of E(P)A 1986 and remaining
53 units visited for compliance verification. Based on the inspection reports,
Directions under section 5 of E (P) Act 1986 were issued to 17 units for ensuring
strict compliance. Compliance verification and Inventorisation mainly focused on
tanneries and allied industries located in Kanpur & Unnao.
17 | Page
Table 5.3 : Sector wise distribution of industries inspected

(Total 269 units)
April May June July August Sep- Oc- No- De- Janu- Feb- March
2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 tember tober vem- cem- ary ruary 2015
2014 2014 ber ber 2015 2015
2014 2014
Sugar 05 02 04 05
Distillery 01 04 01 02 02 07
Tannery 03 03 02 12 45 30 43 17
Paper 01 02 03 02 03
Chemical 01 01 02
Dairy 02 02 01 03
Dyeing 01 05
Textile 01 07 04 16
Yarn 02
Electro- 02
plating
Slaugh- 05
ter house
Fermen- 01
tation
Bever- 02
ages
Fertilizer 02
Insecti- 02
cide/pes-
ticide
E n g i - 02
neering
Oil refin- 01
ery
others 02 03
Total 06 13 17 02 25 52 43 45 66
No ofindustries
No of industries
visitedvisited under
in 2014-15 under NGRBA
NGRBA Bareilly
Pilibhit
Sitapur
Kanpur
Unnao
Allahabad
Mirzapur
Shahjahanpur
Farrukhabad
Kushinagar
Deoria
Gorakhpur
Mau
Varanasi
Chandauli
Sant ravidasnagar
Gonda
Faizabad
Farrukhabad
Hardoi
Muradabad
Aligarh
Mujaffarnagar
Raibareilly
Ghazipur
Fig 5.3 : District wise status of Industries inspected in U.P.
18 | Page
Observations:
Tanneries
1. Majority of Industries have not installed display boards depicting name of the
industry, environmental data and hazardous waste usage.
2. PETPs in majority of units have inadequate capacity and their poor maintenance
and operation status is leading to overloading of recipient CETPs
3. Design of clarifiers is mostly faulty with respect to retention time and is not
appropriately synchronized with the pumping rate thereby leading to high TSS
in the wastewater.
4. In the reaction tank appropriate retention time is not maintained neither
chemical dosing done as per hydraulic load to achieve the compliance of
norms.
5. Majority of Industries do not have valid consent from SPCBs/PCCs under Air
(Prevention & Control) Act, 1981, Water (Prevention & Control) Act, 1974 and
Authorisation for handling of hazardous waste under the hazardous waste
(Management, Handling & Trans-boundary Movement) rules 2008.
6. Wastage of fresh water in the process observed in the most of the units.
7. In most of the Industries water meters installed at intake of water (Bore well)
and at wastewater discharge point from primary effluent treatment plant are
not working properly due to poor maintenance.
8. Measures for segregation of soak liquor and recovery of salt have been taken by
some of the industries.
9. Units require segregating the chrome bearing stream from non-chromium
bearing stream to comply with the prescribed norms with respect to Total
Chromium concentration at outlet of PETP.
10. Facility for temporary storage of ETP sludge is required to be developed within
the premises.
11. In many industrial premises poor state of drainage system observed.
12. In Jajmau area of Kanpur, Solid Waste generated from individual PETP is poorly
managed.
Textile
1. In many units hazardous waste is indiscriminately dumped within their
premises.
2. The ETP units to treat the wastewater generated from the different processes
are poorly managed.
3. Flow measuring devices for the water intake and wastewater discharge not
installed by most of the industries.
19 | Page
PULP & PAPER

1. Flow measuring devices for measurement of water consumption and effluent
discharge not installed in some of the units.
2. Policy of optimum utilization of water resource not practiced by many
industries.
3. Log books for chemical consumption and wastewater generation not maintained
by few industries.
B. Performance evaluation of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP):
Kanpur
The 36 MLD common effluent treatment plant at Jajmau, Kanpur for treatment of
effluent generated by cluster of tanneries (presently more than 400) was constructed
and commissioned in 1994. The USAB based CETP has an inflow capacity of 36 MLD
with tannery effluent to sewage (T: S) blending ratio is 1:3 i.e. 9 MLD tannery effluent
and 27 MLD sewage. The CETP is operated by UP Jal Nigam and the Operation and
maintenance cost is shared jointly by the tanneries and the Kanpur Nagar Nigam.
Monitoring of CETP was carried out during July, 2014 and March 2015.
Table 5.4 : Salient Detail of the CETP:
Sl. Location State Type of Designed Actual Status Characteristics (mg/) Disposal
NO Of CETP Industries capacity/ Treatment/ operation INLET OUTLET of Treated
connected day in day in (Mixing Tank) Effluent
with CETP MLD MLD
BOD COD BOD COD
1 Jajmau, U.P Tannery 36 MLD 19.05 Operational 354.8 736 321 526 On-Land
Kanpur
Performance evaluation and observations:

Around 85% suspended solids, 10 % BOD and 29 % COD is removed in the UASB
treatment system. A negative removal profile is visible for TDS as dissolved solids
get added in the treatment system and the treated effluent has more dissolve solid
(at outlet) than the influent (at inlet).
BOD removal in UASBs treatment plant ranges between 60 to 90 % depending on

the influent characteristics. Only 10% removal of BOD in the CETP indicates that
the treatment system is not performing properly.
The removal of suspended solids is satisfactory (85%) though the system is not
removing BOD (removal 10 %) upto desirable level. On the day of visit, the tannery
effluent and domestic sewage was charged in the ratio of 1:1 instead of 1:3 and the
deviation in influent characteristics can be one of the reasons for poor treatability.
Compliance status:
Based on the analysis results the compliance status is:
1. As the CETP treated water is being utilized for irrigation purpose, the norms for
land application are available for compliance verification.
20 | Page
2. The outlet pH value is around 8.0 which is complying the standard set i.e.
5.5-9.0.
3. The outlet suspended solid concentration is always below the set standard of
200 mg/.
4. The oil & grease concentration in treated water is 27.8 mg/, which is 2.78
times higher than the set standards of 10 mg/.
5. The BOD value at CETP outlet is around 300 mg/, sometimes it touches 340
mg/ which is 3.4 times of set standard limit of 100 mg/.
The UASB system installed is not achieving the treatability at the desirable level to
comply with discharge limit set for on land discharge for irrigation.
General Observations:
1. The CETP is in operation without valid Consents under The Water & The Air
Acts and Authorization under Hazardous Waste Pules.
2. The UASB system is designed to treat blended of tannery effluent and sewage
in 1:3 ratio. However on the day of visit in July 2014 it was blended in the ratio
1:1 and taken for treatment.
3. The sludge from primary treatment units is collected and send to TSDF for
disposal as it contains chromium. The temporary storage area is adjacent to
the residential locality and the sludge is dumped unscientifically on the open
ground before being sent to TSDF for disposal. The guidelines for collection,
storage and handling of hazardous substances are not followed, even no
concreted platform provided for storage of HW.
4. No manifests have been maintained for generation and disposal of hazardous
waste. The facility is not having authorization under HW Rules for generation
and collection of HW by facility and its disposal by TSDF.
5. The waste water reaching the pumping satiations is in higher quantity than
the capacity of pumps installed, as a result the excess effluent is directly
discharged into the River Ganga without any treatment. On the day of visit,
almost double quantity of effluent than the pumping capacity was reaching
the pumping stations and around 50 % of the effluent having COD as high as
5,000 mg/ was being directly discharged into River Ganga.
C. Performance Evaluation of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)

Monitoring of STPs comprised collection of four-hourly samples composited over
a period of twenty four hours. The samples were collected from inlet, outlet and
other unit of the STPs to evaluate unit-specific performance and overall efficiency
of treatment. It was observed that in most cases the hydraulic capacity of the STPs
is either under-utilized or is excessively exhausted. A diluted characteristic of raw
sewage, low in organics, received at STPs has also been a general observation.
21 | Page
Performance of some of the STPs monitored during the year is summarized

below:
table 5.5 Performance Evaluation of Operating Stps
Characteristics
Sewage Designed Actual INLET OUTLET

Sl. Location of Status
Treatment capacity Treatment Status
NO STP/CCRU operation
Technology in MLD in MLD
BOD COD BOD COD
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)
Salori,
1. FAB 29 34.3 operational 48.8 141.2 7.8 39.1 C
Allahabad
Naini,
2. ASP 80 29.0 operational 52.6 246.0 1.5 10.1 C
Allahabad
Numayadahi, Bio Tower

3. 50 21.81 operational 53.4 235.0 25.5 50.6 C
Allahabad Technology
Ponghat, Bio Tower

4. 10 6.0 operational 15.0 72.5 6.1 32.8 C
Kodra, Bio Tower

5. 25 12.05 operational 18.1 52.4 14.7 37.6 C
Rajapur,
6. UASB 60 37.0 operational 39.9 156.0 24.2 107.0 C
Allahabad
Pakkapokhra
7. Ramaipatti, UASB 14 17.33 operational 48.8 141.2 7.8 39.1 C
Mirzapur
Vindhyachal,
8 ASP 4 1.96 operational 104.6 202.1 39.8 54.1 NC
Mirzapur
Jajmau,
9 USAB 5 4.7 operational 126.4 483.0 38.1 112.0 NC
Kanpur
Jajmau,
10 ASP 130 98.5 operational 144.3 599.0 24.4 105.0 C
Kanpur
Dinapur,
Varanasi
Bhagwanpur,
Varanasi
DLW, Not
13. ASP 9 - - - - -
Varanasi operational
C= Complying; NC= Non Complying
22 | Page
Perccentage Red
duction in BOD
B in STPss
1
97.1
100
84 84 83 81.6
80 69
9.8 66.4
9.3
59 61.9
60 52.2
39.3
40
18.7
20
Fig. 5.4 : Percentage Reduction of BOD in STPs

D. Drain Monitoring and Assessment of Pollution Load
40 drains in 09 district of U.P. were monitored under NGRBA project. Municipal
waste water discharge from different drains in the study zone revealed significant
variation in quality and quantity. Pollution load discharged to river Ganga with
respect to BOD COD & TSS was also assessed.
TABLE 5.6 : CITY/ DISTRICT WISE POLLUTION LOAD OF DRAINS MEETING
RIVER GANGA AND ITS TRIBUTARIES
Sr. City/ Month of Flow (MLD) BOD Load TPD COD Load TSS Load
No. District monitoring TPD TPD
1 Aligarh August 2014 201.0 63.57 20.77 13.35
2 Kannauj August 2014 13.0 2.47 1.32 0.91
3 Bareilly August 2014 63.83 3.86 16.91 17.23
4 Raibareli May 2014 264.2 1.66 7.68 5.13
5 Unnao June 2014 76.1 22.04 79.56 17.97
6 Kanpur July 2014 & 391.24 49.15 75.47 219.25
March 2015
7 Allahabad May 2014 & 152.54 6.25 9.96 22.09
January 2015
8 Mirzapur June 2014 99.5 3.37 1.05 2.43
9 Varanasi May 2015 131.17 7.72 21.39 29.20
23 | Page
BOD load in different drrains in BO

OD load in diifferent drains in
Aligarh
A Bareilly
chawaari
Cherat drain
n
Drain 1% Nakatiya
1% 20%
Aligarh Deverani
99% a drain
79%
BO
OD load of drrain flowing in
i
Kannnauj
Patta
Drain
100%
BOD loaad in differeent drains in Kanpur

Dabka Nala 1
D Dabka Nala 2 Dabka Nala 1 Satttichaura Nala
6% 0% 15% 0%
Shitla bazar
b Nala
4
42% G
Golaghat Nala
0%
Bhaggwatdas
N
Nala
Permiya Nala 2%
2%
Sisamaau nala
33
3%
BO
OD load in diifferent drains in
Unnnao
Loni
13%
City jail
87%
Fig. 5.5 : City wise contribution of BOD load by different Drains
24 | Page
B
BOD load in different drrains in Allah
habad
Mughala Drain
n
Rasulabad
R drain 2 1%
5% Mavaiya Drain
D
25%
Rasulabad
d drain 3
24%
%
Sassurkhaderi
drain
Rasulaabad 19%
drainn4
16%%
Kakkrahaghat
(kacchha) drain
Nehru drain 5%
0% Kakrahhaghat
Bargadghat (Pakkaa) drain
5% 0%%
BOD load at diffe

erent drainss in BO
OD load in different
d drains in
Varanasi
Mirzapur
Ghode Nagwa
Saheed Varunna
drain
n drain
6% 18%
21%%
Ramm
Khirkiya
Khandwa nagaar
drain
drain, Drain
Mirzapur 25%
%
36%
94%
Fig.5.6 : City wise contribution of BOD load by different Drains
E. Groundwater Quality Monitoring

Groundwater monitoring during the period 2014-15 was conducted at identified
locations in Unnao, Varanasi, Kanpur & Allahabad districts. Total 68 samples were
collected from Unnao, Sitapur, Varanasi, Raibareli, Unchahhar, Shajahanpur,
Bareilly, Kanpur, Pilibhit, Allahabad & Chandauli. It was observed that the overall
groundwater quality is not satisfactory with respect to electrical conductivity, TDS,
total hardness, magnesium, turbidity and total hardness.
Number of monitoring locations in different districts

Unnao
Sitapur
Varanasi
Unchahar
Shahjahanpur
Bareilly
Kanpur
Pilibhit
pilibhit
Allahabad
Chandauli
Fig 5.7 : Groundwater monitoring in different districts
25 | Page
F. Installation of Real Time Water Quality Monitoring Stations :

The general criteria, approach and methodology and action plan for selecting
appropriate site/exact location for setting of RTWQMS on R. Ganga was finalized
in the meeting held on 9-5-2014 at Kanpur. Total 57 no of RTWQMS are proposed
on river Ganga. 38 locations have been identified for installation of RTWQMS under
the jurisdiction of 6 Regional office of SPCB out of which NOC for installation of 15
RTWQMS from the concerned department have been obtained.
5.1.5.2 Activities under NGRBA executed by Zonal Office Kolkata

Compliance Verification of Grossly Polluted Industries (GPI)
Zonal Office Kolkata is monitoring the Grossly Polluted Industries in Bihar and West
Bengal since 2012. During the year major industries like. Emami Paper, ITC paper,
PMC Rubber, United Breweries, Hindustan motor, Britannia, Everady, Alchrome,
MCCPTA,IOCL Haldia, Patna Dairy, Bata India, Supreme Paper and Barauni
Refinery were inspected in West Bengol and Bihar.
Performance Monitoring of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)
Performance evaluation of 11 STPs is Bihar and 32 STPs in West Bengal was
conducted. Out of the STPs monitored 5 are based on Activated Sludge Process
(ASP), 4 Trickling Filters (TF), 9 Oxidation Ponds (OP) and 5 Waste stabilization
Pond (WSP). Nine STPs were not monitored as they were non-functional/under
renovation.
Most of the STPs in Bihar are not operational due to lack of Sewage. Even the
operational STPs are also not functioning efficiency. In West Bengal the STPs
based on Oxidation Ponded and Activated Pludge Process are operating at designed
efficiency. The coliform content in the incoming waste water does not meet the
National Standards.
Periodic Pollution Assessment of Major drains falling into River Ganga
54 major drains in West Bengal discharge into river Ganga. Sampling was condacted
during lowest low tide.
48 Major drains were monitored in West Bengal and ten in Bihar. The total BOD
load from these drains is estimated as 41303kg/day. The total Dissolved solids load
of Paul Ghat near Belur Math( Howrah) was estimated as 1890.5 mg/ highest
amongst all the drains.
Ground Water Monitoring in adjacent districts of River Ganga.
The riverine ecology has become highly disturbed because of the high degree of pollution.
In absence of proper sewerage system riverine banks are often used for open defecation.
Thereby resulting in deterioration of Ground water quality in Ganga river basin.
Monitoring of ground water quality conducted in Howrah, Hugli, Nadia, South
24 Praganas and North 24 Praganas districts of West Bengal indicate that all the
parameters were within the acceptable BIS limits except for Coliform, which were
26 | Page
found in the tubewells as well as in the Dug wells. Littering of garbage on the banks
of River and Riparian land is a common practice. In some of the ground water
samples collected high TDS level was observed.
Surveillance under PMO reference and its Status
CPCB Zonal office, Kolkata inspected 22 grossly polluting industries (GPI) in Eastern
region i.e. Bihar and West Bengal having direct impact on river Ganga out of the
22 gPIs then 12 industries were re-inspected and their compliance status verified
against conditions stipulated in the consent to operate and based on the findings,
follow up corrective measures /legal proceedings suggested.
Name of Type of Type of Sampling pH TSS COD BOD O&G REMARKS
industry industry ETP in location (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)
operation
United Distillary ASP OUTLET 8.55 33 65 16 BDL Complied
Beverages
Emami Pulp & ASP OUTLET 7.95 9 113 12 BDL Complied
Paper Paper
Industry
ITC Paper Pulp & ASP OUTLET 8.43 9 24 4 BDL Complied
Industry Paper
Hindustan Mechanical - - - - - - - Non
Motors Operational
Eveready Battary - - - - - - - Non
Battery Operational
Industry
Allochrome Chrome - - - - - - - No Etp
Industry
Patna Dairy ASP OUTLET 5.88 2323 1905 784 138 Directions
Dairy under
section 5 of
EPA -1986 is
suggested
Supreme Pulp & ASP OUTLET 7.94 33 190 60 6.1 Directions
Paper Mills Paper under
section 5 of
EPA -1986 is
suggested
PMC Organic - - - - - - - Etp is not
Rubber Molecules Function
Industry
IOCL Oil ASP OUTLET 7.94 56 302 91 25 Directions
Barouni Refinary under
section 5 of
EPA -1986 is
suggested
MCCPTA Acid ASP OUTLET 8.84 29 153 27 - Complied
IOCL, Oil ASP OUTLET 7.78 16 69 13 Complied
Haldia Refinery
27 | Page
Real Time Water Quality Monitoring Programme (RTWQMS)

43 locations for installation of RTWQMS from Buxar to Sagar were finalized, out of
which thirty-three locations are in West Bengal and Eleven in Bihar. The locations
were finalized after joint inspection with State Pollution Control Boards for assessing
the site Characteristics, feasibility of installation of Station and availability of
power connection and safety cum technical aspects. No Objection for installation
of RTWQMS at twelve locations in West Bengal and six locations in Bihar has been
renewed.
5.1.6 Toxicity level in various stretches of river Ganga and Yamuna and Pandu
including major pollution sources.
The quality of aquatic resources of the country are deteriorating significantly with
increasing pollution caused by rapid industrialization and indiscriminate discharge
of wastewater in aquatic water bodies. Assessment of such deterioration through
toxicity test is an effective approach as this parameter is considered a summary
parameter. Toxicity list also provides information about additive, antagonistic or
synergistic effects of other parameters (pollutants/toxicants) on biological systems.
The objective of any water pollution abatement programme is to maintain its
wholesomeness including aquatic life. The present study was undertaken with
the objective to find out toxic (lethal) effects of pollutants/toxicants released and
the impacts of various programmes initiated for river water quality restoration.
The toxicity standard (Bioassay standard) presently prescribed for discharge of
environmental pollutants (90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent), are
not available for receiving water bodies. Therefore, toxicity standards available for
release of pollutants were also used to classify river waters.
Toxicity level was assessed at various locations in Kanpur stretch of Ganga & Pandu
(tributary of Ganga) River, Delhi, Faridabad and Agra stretch of Yamuna River
including Agra canal. Delhi stretch of Yamuna River was studied on quarterly basis
whereas, all other river stretches were studied only twice. Few major wastewater
sources in these stretches were also studied for toxic effect.
The findings of study (Table 5.6) reveal that at Kanpur water of river Ganga and
river Pandu at the three and two studied locations respectively was found having no
lethal effect on the test organisms. The water of studied drains that join these two
rivers were found highly toxic and were not meeting the prescribed standards. The
water of two drains i.e. Wazidpur drain and Shitla bazar drain that carry untreated
or partially treated wastewater from tanneries was found highly toxic in nature after
ten times dilution.
28 | Page
In Delhi (Table 5.7), at Palla upstream location and at Kalindi Kunj (u/s of Okhla
barrage) the Yamuna River water was found nontoxic. At Nizamuddin Bridge 30%
mortality was observed only once i.e. in the month of September which can be
attributed to accidental release of some toxicants flushing with strom water. At
Okhla D/s Yamuna River water was found toxic with 80% mortality of test organisms
during June. In September month river water at this location was found slightly
toxic with 10% mortality only. In the Najfgarh drain which is the biggest source
of pollution river Yamuna, the toxicity level varied between 0% mortality (March,
2015) to100% mortality (December, 2014). Shahdara drain was found highly toxic
with 100% mortality of test organisms within ten minutes to 24 hours.
Toxicity level of Yamuna River at Mazawali which represents water quality

downstream of Faridabad was found highly toxic as 100% mortality of test organisms
was observed within 2-3 days. Wastewater of Buria ka nala which carries waste
water of Faridabad and joins Yamuna u/s of Mazawali was found severely toxic
with 100% mortality within 6-24 hours.
During December, 2014 Yamuna upstream water at Agra was found toxic (Table 5.8)
at all the four studied locations. At Agra upstream the river water with 60% mortality
was more toxic as compared to midstream locations and downstream location with
30% and 40% mortality respectively. This may be due to the impact of discharges
of Mathura city or Mathura refinery. In March, 2015 the river water at all the four
locations was nontoxic which may be attributed to the dilution reduced induced by
rainfall.
All the three studied drains that join Yamuna River in Agra stretch were severely
toxic with mortality rate of test organisms being 100% within 24- 48 hours.
Table 5.6 : toxicity Level in Ganga and Pandu River at Kanpur
Sl. Water body Bioassay test result
No.
November, 2014 February, 2015
Ganga River at Kanpur
1. Ganga River U/s 0% 0%
2. Ganga River mid-stream 0% 0%*
(Jajmau bridge)
3. Ganga River D/s 0% 0%*
Drains (Joining Ganga at Kanpur)
4 Wazidpur Drain. 100%* 100%*
(within 3 hours in 10% (within 2 hours in 10%
sample) sample)
29 | Page
Sl. Water body Bioassay test result

No.
November, 2014 February, 2015
5 Waste from common 100%* 100%*
chrome recovery plant (within 24 hours) (within 24 hours)
No mortality in 10% sample
6 Shitla Bazaar Drain 100%* 100%*
(within 1 hours in 10% (within 1 hours in 10%
sample) sample)
7 Shisamau Drain 100%* 100%*
(within 24 hours) (mortality started from day 3)
Pandu River at Kanpur
8 Pandu River D/s 0%* 0%*
9 Pandu River D/s 0%* 0%*
Drains (Joining Pandu at Kanpur)
10 COD Drain 100%* 100%*
(within 3 hours) (within 24 hours)
*Test conducted with controlled aeration
Table-5.7: toxicity Level of river Yamuna & Agra canal in Delhi

stretch
Sl. Water body/ June, 2014 S e p t e m b e r , D e c e m b e r , March, 2015
No. location 2014 2014
Yamuna River
1 Palla 0% mortality 0% mortality 0% mortality 0% mortality
2 Nizamuddin 0% mortality* 0% mortality 30% mortality* 0% mortality
bridge
3 Kalindi Kunj 0% mortality* 0% mortality 0% mortality* 0% mortality
4 Okhla D/s 80% mortality* 10% mortality* 0% mortality* 0% mortality*
Agra Canal
1 Agra canal before 0% mortality* 10% mortality* 0% mortality* 0% mortality*
bifurcation
Drains
1 Najafgarh Drain 60% mortality* 60% mortality* 100 % mortality* 0% mortality*
2 Shahdara Drain 100% 100% mortality* 100% mortality* 100% mortality*
mortality* (within 10 (within 24 (within 24
(within 10 minutes) hours) hours)
minutes)
30 | Page
Table-5.8 : toxicity Level of river Yamuna

in Faridabad Agra stretch
Sl. Water body/location Bioassay test result
No.
October, 2014 January, 2015
Yamuna River D/s Faridabad
1 Yamuna at Mazawali 100%* mortality (within 100%* mortality (within 48
72 hours) hours)
Drain (Joining Yamuna at Faridabad)
2 Buria ka Nala 100%* mortality (within 100%* mortality (within 6
24 hours) hours)
Yamuna River (Agra stretch)
Sl. Water body/location December, 2014 March, 2015
No.
3 Agra U/s 60% mortality 0%
4 Yamuna at Kailash Ghat 30%* mortality 0%
5 Yamuna at Mehtab Bagh. 30%* mortality 0%
6 Agra D/s 40%* mortality 0%
Drains (Joining Yamuna at Agra)
7. Astha City Center Drain 100%* mortality (within 100%* (within 24 hours)
24 hours)
8. Bhairon Drain 100%* mortality (within 100%* (within 48 hours)
24 hours)
9. Red Fort Drain 100%* mortality (within 100%* (within 24 hours)
24 hours)
Toxic nature of water at various studied location is the impact of untreated/partially

tried discharges which is aggravated further due to non-availability fresh water for
discharging in the river.
5.2 National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP):
Central Pollution Control Board is executing a nation-wide National Air Quality

Monitoring Programme (NAMP). The NAMP was started in 1984 with 7 stations in
Agra and Anpara. The growth of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations in the
country is given in (Figure 5.7). As on 31st March 2015, the ambient air quality
monitoring network has 591 operating stations covering 248 cities/towns in 28
States and 5 Union Territories.
31 | Page
Growth of operating ambient air quality monitoring stations under NAMP

600
in India (till 31st March 2015) 573 591
545
523
Number of monitoring stations

500
456
411
400
342 346
296 314
300 280
260
200
100 84
7
0
5
0
1
8
9
82
02
06
87
92
97
-1
-0
-0
-1
01
01
01
01
19
19
19
19
20
20
10
07
08
09
-2
-2
-2
-2
11
12
13
14
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Years
Fig. 5.7 : Growth of ambient air quality monitoring network under NAMP in
India (till 31st March 2015)
5.2.1 Parameters monitored under NAMP
Under NAMP three criteria pollutants viz. PM10 (Particulate Matter having aerodynamic
diameter less than or equal to 10 m), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen dioxide
(NO2) were identified for regular monitoring at all locations. Other notified parameters
like Carbon monoxide (CO), Ammonia (NH3), Ozone (O3), PM2.5 (Particulate Matter
having aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 m), Benzo(a) pyrene {B(a)P},
Lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni) are being monitored at selected locations. The monitoring
of meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity
and temperature has been also integrated with the monitoring of air quality.
The monitoring under the NAMP is being carried out by Central Pollution Control
Board with support from State Pollution Control Boards; Pollution Control Committees
and National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur. CPCB
co-ordinates with these agencies to ensure uniformity and consistency of air quality
data besides providing technical and financial support for operating the monitoring
station.
Status of Ambient Air Quality in million plus cities during 2013

Increase in industrial activities, population both endemic and floating and vehicular
population etc. have led to a rapid increase in environmental problems, one of them
being air pollution. An inventory of air pollutants is the first step towards control of
air pollution.
Air quality categories in cities of India

CPCB depicts ambient air quality in terms of low, moderate, high and critical levels
by calculating an exceedence factor as follows:
32 | Page
Observed annual mean concentration of criteria pollutant

Exceedence Factor (EF) = ----------------------------------------------------------------------
Annual standard for the respective pollutant and area class
The four air quality categories are:
Critical pollution (C) : when EF is more than 1.5;

High pollution (H) : when the EF is between 1.0 - 1.5;
Moderate pollution (M) : when the EF between 0.5 - 1.0; and
Low pollution (L): when the EF is less than 0.5.
Pollution level classification is given in Table 5.9.
Table : Pollution Level Classification
Pollution level Annual Mean Concentration Range (g/m3)
Industrial, Residential, Rural & Ecologically Sensitive Area

others areas
SO2 NO2 PM10 SO2 NO2 PM10
Low (L) 0-25 0-20 0-30 0-10 0-15 0-30

Moderate (M) 26-50 21-40 31-60 11-20 16-30 31-60
High (H) 51-75 41-60 61-90 21-30 31-45 61-90
Critical (C) >75 >60 >90 >30 >45 >90
Table 5.10 : million plus cities with low, moderate, high & critical
air quality-2013 (residential/industrial/commercial/
rural and sensitive)
Category Number of million plus cities (population > 10 lacs)
Residential / industrial / Ecologically
rural / commercial areas sensitive area
Low (L) 39 10 0 1 0 0
Moderate (M) 3 24 2 0 1 0
High (H) 0 6 12 0 0 0
Critical (C) 0 2 28 0 0 1
Inadequate data/No data 1 1 1 0 0 0
Non operational monitoring station 1 1 1 0 0 0
No monitoring station 0 0 0 1 1 1
Total million plus cities (as per 44 44 44 2 2 2
Census 2011)
33 | Page
Table 5.11: million plus cities exceeding the NAAQS-2013

(Based on annual average data)
Category Number of million plus cities (population > 10 lacs)
Residential / industrial / Ecologically

rural / commercial areas sensitive area
Not exceeding NAAQS (NE) 42 34 2 1 1 0
Exceeding NAAQS (E) 0 8 40 0 0 1
Inadequate data/No data 1 1 1 0 0 0
No operational monitoring station 1 1 1 0 0 0
No monitoring station 0 0 0 1 1 1
Total metro cities (as per Census 44 44 44 2 2 2

2011)
During 2013 out of the 46 million plus cities, 8 cities (19%) exceeded the NAAQS
with respect to NO2 and 41 cities (95%) with respect to PM10 respectively. None of the
cities exceed the standard limit with respect to SO2. Air quality data of million plus
cities is given in table 5.12.
Table 5.12 : Air Quality in Million Plus Cities of India - 2013
State City Type & Total SO2 NO2 PM10
category No. of
of city Operating Annual Air Annual Air Annual Air
average Quality average Quality average Quality
(g/m3) (g/m3) (g/m3)
Andhra Vishakha- RIRuO 8 13 L 18 L 68 H
Pradesh patnam
(GVMC)
Vijaywada RIRuO 3 5 L 19 L 104 C
Bihar (2) Patna RIRuO 2 # # # # # #
Chattisgarh Raipur RIRuO 3 15 L 41 H 305 C
(3)
Delhi (10) Delhi (DMC) RIRuO 10 4 L 64 C 219 C
Gujarat (15) Ahmedabad RIRuO 6 13 L 18 L 84 H
Rajkot RIRuO 2 12 L 17 L 87 H
Surat RIRuO 3 13 L 20 L 88 H
Vadodara RIRuO 4 13 L 19 L 89 H
Haryana (2) Faridabad RIRuO 2 12 L 18 L 187 C
Jammu & Shrinagar ES (Hill 3 @ @ @ @ @ @
Kashmir (0) station)
34 | Page

category No. of
(g/m3) (g/m3) (g/m3)
Jharkhand Dhanbad RIRuO 3 16 L 40 M 157 C
(4)
Ranchi RIRuO 1 19 L 36 M 177 C
Karnataka Bengaluru RIRuO 9 13 L 26 M 110 C
(9) (BBMP)
Madhya Bhopal RIRuO 4 3 L 27 M 222 C
Pradesh (10)
Gwalior RIRuO 2 13 L 27 M 197 C
Indore RIRuO 3 11 L 19 L 154 C
Jabalpur RIRuO 1 2 L 23 M 69 H
Maharashtra Aurangabad RIRuO 4 10 L 37 M 84 H
(33)
Mumbai RIRuO 3 3 L 14 L 112 C
Nagpur RIRuO 7 8 L 26 M 97 C
Nashik RIRuO 4 28 M 29 M 85 H
Pune RIRuO 3 20 L 42 H 87 H
Vasai-Virar RIRuO 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Thane RIRuO 3 16 L 33 M 110 C
Navi Mumbai RIRuO 6 17 L 44 H 135 C
Kalyan RIRuO 2 26 M 54 H 92 C
Dombivali
Pimpri RIRuO 1 20 L 43 H 86 H
Chinchwad
Punjab (6) Amritsar RIRuO 2 13 L 40 M 181 C
Ludhiana RIRuO 4 11 L 26 M 204 C
Rajasthan Jaipur RIRuO 6 8 L 40 M 161 C
(15)
Jodhpur RIRuO 6 5 L 23 M 176 C
Kota RIRuO 3 7 L 33 M 123 C
Tamilnadu Chennai RIRuO 11 14 L 22 L 72 H
(17)
Coimbatore RIRuO 3 4 L 24 M 56 M
Madurai RIRuO 3 14 L 22 M 41 M
Telangana Hyderabad RIRuO 10 5 L 24 M 88 H
(10) (GH)
Uttar Agra ES (Taj- 6 5 L 23 M 192 C
Pradesh (28) trapezium)
Allahabad RIRuO 2 5 L 29 M 235 C
Ghaziabad RIRuO 2 26 M 34 M 285 C
Kanpur RIRuO 9 7 L 33 M 201 C
35 | Page

category No. of
(g/m3) (g/m3) (g/m3)
Lucknow RIRuO 5 7 L 29 M 192 C
Varanasi RIRuO 2 20 L 28 M 145 C
Meerut RIRuO 2 5 L 39 M 134 C
West Bengal Kolkata RIRuO 10 13 L 75 C 130 C
(14)
Howrah RIRuO 4 10 L 42 H 192 C
192 46 cities 189
sanctioned operating
stations stations
covering 16
states & 1
UT
NB. Figures within parentheses represent total number of operating monitoring

stations in the state # no monitoring station in the city @ monitoring station
sanctioned but not yet operational; RIRuO Residential/industrial/rural/other
area, ES Ecologically sensitive area; L: Low, M: Moderate, H: High, C: Critical
*Concentration exceeding NAAQS of 50 g/m3 for SO2, 40 g/m3 for NO2, and
60 g/m3 for PM10 for Residential/ industrial / other area & 20 g/m3 for SO2,
30 g/m3 for NO2, and 60 g/m3 for Ecologically sensitive area; Low, moderate,
high, critical classification based on Pollution Level Classification, Table 5.9, -
inadequate data; Data of monitoring stations with monitoring days 50 has only
been considered.
National Mean Concentration of three regularly monitored pollutants

National mean concentration with 90th percentile and 10th percentile for SO2, NO2
and PM10 is depicted in Figure 5.8. National mean of SO2 concentration over the
years indicates a decline in SO2 levels. The decreasing trend may be due to various
interventions that have taken place in recent years such as reduction in Sulphur
level in diesel, use of cleaner fuel such as CNG in metro cities, change in domestic
fuel from coal to LPG etc. National mean of NO2 concentration has remained stable
over the years with a slight decrease in last three years despite increase in sources
like vehicles. The reason for this may be various intervention that have taken place
such as improvement in vehicle technology and other vehicular pollution control
measures like alternate fuel etc. National mean of PM10 concentration shows
fluctuating trend exceeding the NAAQS. The reasons being emission from gensets,
small scale industries, biomass burning, suspension of traffic dust, natural dust,
commercial and domestic use of fuel and vehicular emission etc. Furthermore, the
increasing trend of PM10 may be attributed to the increasing number of vehicles and
re-suspension of natural dust.
36 | Page
30 SO2
90% of Sites have concentrations below this
Concentration (g/m3)
20
Average
10
10% of Sites have concentrations below
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
a. Year
NO2
60
50
40
Average
30
20
10
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
b. Year
250 PM10
90% of Sites have concentrations below this line
200
150
Average
100
50
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
c. Year
Fig. 5.8 : National Mean concentration, 10th and 90th Percentile

values for SO2, NO2 and PM10
5.3 National Ambient Noise Monitoring Network (NANMN) Programme

Noise is generated from a variety of indoor and outdoor sources such as industries,
transport vehicles, construction activities, generator sets, fire crackers. The Noise
37 | Page
Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 were notified by MoEF & CC under
the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 and amended in January 2010. Database
on noise level is required for policy formulation, setting standards and ensuring
compliance of the existing rules.
Existing Network:
Central Pollution Control Board in association with State Pollution Control
Board has established National Ambient Noise Monitoring Network covering 07
metropolitan cities and installed 35 no. of Noise Monitoring System in Mumbai, Delhi,
Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, Lucknow and Hyderabad (five stations in each). The
Strengthening of the Network has been carried out by adding 35 more stations in
the same 07 metropolitan during 2014-15. Thus extending the monitoring network
to 70 stations.
Table 5.13 : Category wise details of Existing Noise Monitoring
Area/Category/ No. of Cities covered
Zone Stations
Silence 17 Chennai (2), Hyderabad (2), Kolkata (2), Delhi (4), Mumbai (2),
Bengaluru (2) & Lucknow (3)
Residential 16 Bengaluru (3), Chennai (3), Delhi (2), Hyderabad (2), Kolkata (3),
Mumbai (1), & Lucknow(2)
Commercial 25 Bengaluru (3), Chennai (4), Hyderabad (4), Kolkata (3), Delhi (4),
Mumbai (4) & Lucknow(3)
Industrial 12 Bengaluru (2), Chennai (1), Hyderabad (2), Kolkata (2), Mumbai
(3) &Lucknow (2)
Total 70
Note: Figures in brackets indicate the no. of station
Frequency of Monitoring:
Ambient Noise Monitoring is carried out in Real Time mode continuously and data
captured at central receiving station at CPCB, Delhi is made available on public
domain as well as CPCBs website.
Action Taken:
1. All the concerned SPCBs and States are provided data and requested to take
necessary remedial measures to control Noise Pollution as per Noise Rules,
2000.
2. Press Release on Noise Pollution Level is issued every year on the occasion of
Deepawali (available on website of CPCB).
3. Data is made available on public demand as well as website of CPCB.
Noise data generated during 2011-2014 in 07 Metropolitan Cities is given in Table
5.14:
38 | Page
Table 5.14 : Noise Levels of 07 Metropolitan

Cities during 2011-2014
S. Stations Name with Zone Limit in 2011 2012 2013 2014
No. dB(A) Leq
City Location Day Night Day Night Day Night Day Night Day Night
06 10 PM Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq. Leq.
AM to to 06 dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A)
10PM AM
1 Bengaluru Bengaluru, Parisar 65 55 66 58 65 57 65 57 65 57
Bhawan (C)
2 Bengaluru, Peeniya (I) 75 70 56 53 56 49 58 53 58 55
3 Bengaluru, Nisarga 55 45 56 47 56 47 56 48 56 49
Bhawan (R)
4 Bengaluru, Marathali (C) 65 55 56 53 54 52 57 54 59 56
5 Bengaluru, BTM (R) 55 45 66 56 66 56 66 56 66 57
6 Chennai Chennai, Eye Hospital 50 40 64 51 62 52 64 53 61 53
(S)
7 Chennai, T.Nagar(c) 65 55 73 62 73 62 74 64 75 67
8 Chennai Perambur (C) 65 55 68 58 69 58 68 57 69 58
9 Chennai, Guindy (I) 75 70 76 71 75 71 75 71 76 72
10 Chennai, Triplicane (R) 55 45 68 55 68 56 68 56 68 57
11 Delhi Delhi, Dilshad Garden 50 40 52 50 52 49 51 49 52 48
(S)
12 Delhi, CPCB (C) 65 55 64 53 62 53 63 53 65 54
13 Delhi, DCE (S) 50 40 52 48 51 49 52 49 52 48
14 Delhi, ITO (C) 65 55 73 71 72 69 74 73 74 73
15 Delhi, NSIT (S) 50 40 56 54 56 54 56 53 56 53
16 Hyderabad Hyderabad, Abits (C) 65 55 72 63 72 63 72 64 74 65
17 Hyderabad, Punjagutta 65 55 76 71 75 70 76 71 79 73
(C)
18 Hyderabad, Jeedimetla 75 70 62 56 63 56 63 56 65 58
(I)
19 Hyderabad, Zoo (S) 50 40 53 48 54 48 54 49 56 50
20 Hyderabad, Jublee Hills 55 45 58 50 56 49 56 49 57 49
(R)
21 Kolkata Kolkata, SSKM Hospital 50 40 61 54 62 56 62 57 62 56
(S)
22 Kolkata, Gole Park (I) 75 70 64 59 65 61 68 64 70 67
23 Kolkata, Head Quarter 65 55 62 56 61 54 62 55 64 58
(C)
24 Kolkata, Patauli (R) 55 45 55 49 55 49 55 48 55 49
25 Kolkata, New Market (C) 65 55 67 60 67 59 68 60 70 65
26 Lucknow Lucknow, Talkatora (I) 75 70 63 55 64 56 63 56 64 57
27 Lucknow, HajratGunj (C) 65 55 67 58 72 61 72 62 72 61
28 Lucknow, P.G.I. (S) 50 40 55 49 58 52 60 53 62 55
29 Lucknow, Indira Nagar 55 45 54 47 53 47 54 48 57 49
(R)
30 Lucknow, Gomti Nagar 50 40 71 61 63 55 66 57 69 61
(S)
31 Mumbai Mumbai, Thane (C) 65 55 62 53 62 55 62 55 64 56
32 Navi Mumbai, Vashi 50 40 68 58 69 57 69 57 69 59
Hospital (S)
33 Mumbai, Ashp (S) 50 40 66 59 65 59 65 60 66 60
34 Mumbai, Bandra (C) 65 55 70 68 69 67 69 67 70 67
35 Mumbai, MPCB, Head 65 55 67 63 66 63 68 65 71 68
Qarter (C)
Note: I = Industrial, C = Commercial, R = Residential, S = Silence Zone
39 | Page
Observations:
In Delhi the noise levels exceeds the prescribed standards at all stations except
for the station at CPCB, H.Q.
In Lucknow, noise levels exceed the prescribed standards at all stations except
for the station at Talkatora for both day time and night time and at Indira
Nagar for day time.
In Kolkata, noise levels exceed the prescribed standards at SSKM Hospital and
New Market station for both day & night time and at Patauli station for night
time. Noise levels are within prescribed limits at remaining stations.
In Mumbai, noise levels exceed the prescribed standard at all stations except
for the day time value at Thane MCO station.
In Hyderabad, noise levels exceed the prescribed standard at all stations except
for the station at Jeedimetla.
In Chennai, noise levels exceed the prescribed standard at all stations except
for night time value at Guindy.
In Bengaluru, noise levels exceed the prescribed standards at BTM and Nisarga
Bhawan station both day and night time and at Parisar Bhawan station at
night time.
Real Time Ambient Noise Levels in 07 Metro Cities During Deepawali 2011, 2012,
2013 and 2014
Noise level Monitoring during Deepawali festival was conducted at 35 locations
in seven cities ie. Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Bengaluru and
Hyderabad. Ambient Noise Level Trend in these seven cities on the occasion of
Deepawali during 2011 to 2014 (23/10/2014, 03/11/2013, 13/11/2012 and 26/10/2011)
alongwith are presented in table below 5.15:
Table 5.15 Noise lavels on deepawali day during 2011 to 2014

Sl. City Stations 2011 2012 2013 2014 Increasing Decreasing
No. Leq Leq Leq Leq Trend Trend/ No
(24 hrs) (24 hrs) (24 hrs) (24 hrs) change
Bengaluru Nisarga 60 51 59 58
1.
Bhawan
Parisar 64 62 61 63
2.
Bhawan
3. BTM 65 63 62 64
Marathalli 57 55 61 61 - (No
4.
Change)
5. Pineeya 59 57 56 61
6. Chennai Triplicane 69 63 65 66
7. T. Nagar 69 70 69 72
8. Guindy 75 74 69 76
9. Perambur 75 86 65 69
EyeHospital 65 60 66 66 - (No
10.
Change)
40 | Page
Sl. City Stations 2011 2012 2013 2014 Increasing Decreasing

No. Leq Leq Leq Leq Trend Trend/ No
(24 hrs) (24 hrs) (24 hrs) (24 hrs) change
11. Delhi NSIT 64 56 58 60
12. CPCB 61 58 62 66
13. DCE 53 50 52 54
Dilshad 57 49 56 58
14.
Garden
15. ITO (Pragati 74 74 73 77
Maidan)
16. Hyderabad Abits 71 70 70 75
17. Jeedimetla 61 61 60 62
18. Jubliee Hills - 54 55 57
19. Punjagutta 75 76 76 76 - (No
Change)
20. Zoo - 52 55 55 - (No
Change)
21. Kolkata Head Quarter 60 59 63 61
(WBPCB)
22. New Market 64 64 65 72
(Muncipal
Corporation)
23. Patauli 57 54 53 56
24. SSKM 59 59 61 60
Hospital
25. Golpark 64 64 75 74
26. Lucknow Indira Nagar 54 51 58 57
27. PGI Hospital - 54 60 60 - (No
Change)
28. Gomti Nagar - 60 66 65
29. Hajrat Ganj 68 69 68 70
30. Talkatora 59 61 60 63
Industrial
Area
31. Mumbai Acworth 64 64 64 64 - (No
Hospital Change)
(ASHP)
32. Bandra 69 69 68 69
33. Thane 62 59 64 63
(TMCO)
34. Vashi 66 65 65 65 - (No
Hospital Change)
35. MPCB, HQ 64 66 66 69
21 14 (No
change-7)
Note:-All values are measured in Leq [dB(A)]
14 locations indicate decreasing trend or no change in trend especially in Bengluru,

Chennai, Hyderabad and Mumbai. Marginal variation is observed on deepawali 2014
at 21 locations in Delhi, Kolkata and Lucknow in comparison to Deepawali, 2013.
41 | Page
Real Time Monitoring Network at Central Pollution Control Board

Central Pollution Control Board, State Pollution Control Boards, Pollution Control
Committees and industrial units are operating Continuous Ambient Air/Water
Quality Monitoring Stations (CAAQMS), Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems
(CEMS) and Continuous Effluent Monitoring Systems as per the directions/
guidelines of MoEF/CPCB. Ambient noise levels are also monitored on continuous
basis, but at limited locations. A system for collecting online data on real time basis
and publishing it for all stakeholders is in place for last four years.
Installation and operation of Real-time air/ water/ emission/ effluent/ noise

monitoring systems is a challenging task. Most of the equipment and instruments
used in monitoring are imported and the supporting software is patented by the
foreign organizations. There are number of manufacturers supplying instrumentation
operating on different principles alongwith software suitable exclusively to the
equipment supplied by them.
In view of existing heterogeneous systems CPCB opted for a bigger challenge of

accepting the systems supplied by reputed manufacturers from World over.
The Central Board asked the major instruments suppliers to install their central
data processing systems at CPCB (Total 08 systems) to collect and disseminate
real time data (on their own web portals) along-with online remote calibration and
verification procedure. The network architecture of the model is given below.
Fig. 5.9 :Architecture of Existing Online Real-time Data Network
In this system access is also provided to industrial unit to view the data submitted
to the Board online and provide its comments on the basis of actual environmental
conditions. Glimpse of the Home pages of different Instrument Suppliers web portals
are shown in figure 6.0.
42 | Page
CPCB & Envirotech Live Portal CPCB & Environnement SA Portal
CPCB & Thermo Fisher Portal CPCB & Swan Portal
CPCB & Yokogawa Portal CPCB & Forbes Marshall Portal
43 | Page
CPCB & Chemtrols Portal CPCB Portal

Fig. 6.0: Glimpse of home page of few vendors
The existing model of real-time data network has provided following

capabilities:
1. National Database: The validated Real-time database generated in the country
will be one of the input of the Decision Supporting Systems (DSS) for abatement
of pollution based on which policy decisions could be made.
2. Real time Data View: Real time levels of emissions/ effluents/ ambient
environment in any industrial unit/ station are accesseble from any place at
any given time. The snapshots of reports generated and instantaneous data
displayed are shown below:
44 | Page
3. Data submission: Systematic data collection & database generation (without

any human intervention) at CPCB/SPCB for long/short term planning. Hence,
no physical data submission required. Regulatory bodies will verify the data
and take necessary follow-up action.
4. Responsibility Sharing: The responsibility of data generation, validation & its
transmission on real time basis is on the data generator or the data custodian.
The industrial representatives or the officials of SPCBs are the nodal persons.
5. Data modification/validation: Original (raw) data & Modified (validated) data
(validated only through regulatory bodies i.e. SPCB/CPCB within a time period)
are stored in databases along-with details of the officials involved in validation
along with date & time stampings.
6. Additional Data for validation: Information on diagnostics health of
instruments, calibration and other supporting/ supplementary data is also
collected online. This data will enable the officials at CPCB/ SPCBs for proper
validation of the data on pollution levels.
7. System Auditing: Remote calibration procedure to audit the instruments
status and current pollution levels online to ensure the reliability of data
produced.
8. Tamper proof: Minimized human intervention guarantees submission of
tamper-proof data. The regulatory checks in the form of snap shots and video
recordings are also planned for implementation in future.
The firms associated with CPCB are either having softwere with the desired capabilities
or are in the process of developing the required software. Presently networked forty six
(46) CAAQM Stations operated by CPCB/PCCs/SPCBs and one hundred and eighty
45 | Page
two (182) CAAQMS operating in 107 industrial/institutional sectors are connected

to CPCB server. In addition, two hundred and one (201) CEMS installed at 108
industrial units and twenty three (23) continuous effluent monitoring stations from
21 industries are also connected to the network. The industrial sectors comming
under 17 categories of Industries are sharing the data.
Challenges:
Reluctance by the industries to share the available data, fearing action from
the regulatory authorities. Comprehensive legislation on Real-time monitoring
is missing.
Higher capital and recurring costs for running the Real-time systems for 24
hours for 365 days.
Different set of parameters and standards are stipulated by SPCBs for same
category of industries (e.g. 115 mg/Nm3 for particulate matter in stacks by
APPCB).
Data gaps due to non-availability of connectivity on continuous basis.
Occasional breakups in communication observed while using the data-cards
or the broadband connections.
Data available in different formats at different portals. Reports lack uniformity
and compilation of data requires extended efforts and time.
Sharing the data with stakeholders, especially public demands an interactive
GIS platform for easy understanding.
Environmental Data Management System:
A proposal has been prepared to develop new EDMS application to facilitate online
entry and quick retrieval of data on various environmental parameters to meet the
present-day requirements of the users. The developed software will take care of the
user requirements on new platform and will take care of the migration of all the
historical data under NAMP and NWMP. The physical records since inception of the
Board will be converted and integrated with the present databases.
46 | Page
Chapter VI
Present State of Environment, Environmental Problems

and Counter Measures
6.1 Ambient Air Quality of Delhi:

A comparative profile of ambient air quality monitored at six manual monitoring
station in the city of Delhi for the year 2013 and 2014 is presented as under in Fig.-
6.1 to Fig. 63:
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2):

The annual mean concentration of Sulphur dioxide during the year 2013 and 2014
is shown in Fig. 6.1. The concentration of sulphur dioxide recorded at all the six
locations was same with previous year and well within the national standard.
2013 2014 Ann.Stand.
60
50
Concentration(g/m3)
40
30
20
10 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
0
Pitampura Sirifort Janakpuri Nizamuddin Shahzada Shahdara
Bagh
Locations
Fig. 6.1 Concentration of SO2 in Ambient Air of Delhi (2013-2014)

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2):
The annual mean concentration of Nitrogen dioxide during the year 2013 and 2014
is shown in Fig. 6.2.
59 57
60
Concentration(g/m3)
50 45 43 46 43
40 39 42 40
40 40 40 40 40 40 40
30
20
10
0
Bagh
Locations
Fig. 6.2 : Concentration of NO2 in Ambient Air of Delhi (2013 & 2014)
47 | Page
The concentration of nitrogen dioxide recorded at all six locations shows a decreasing
trend with previous year. The concentration of NO2 ranged between 39 g/m3
(Sirifort) to 59 g/m3 (Shahzada Bagh) during the year 2014. The concentration of
NO2 exceeded at three locations, equal to national standard at two locations and
below the national standard at one location during the year 2014.
Particulate Matter (PM10)

The concentration of PM10 monitored at three locations (Pitampura, Janakpuri &
Shahzada Bagh) shows a decreasing trend while at other three locations (Sirifort,
Nizamuddin & Shahdara) shows an increasing trend (Fig. 6.3). The concentration of
PM10 ranged between 188 g/m3 (Nizamuddin) to 272 g/m3 (Shahdara) during the
year 2014. The concentration of PM10 at all locations exceeded the annual national
standard.

300 265 272
246
Concentration(g/m3)
250 234
206 195 209 202 197
181 188
200 165
150
100
50 60 60 60 60 60 60
0
Bagh
Locations
Fig. 6.3 : Concentration of PM10 in Ambient Air of Delhi (2013 & 2014)
Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

PM2.5 refers to particulate matter that is 2.5 micrometers or smaller in size. The
sources of PM2.5 includes fuel combustion & mission from power plants, wood
burning, industrial processes and diesel vehicles. Fine particles are of concern
because they are risk to human health. Scientific studies have indicated links
between fine particulate matter and numerous health problems including
bronchitis, acute and chronic respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath
and painful breathing.
48 | Page

300
Concentration(g/m3)
250
200
150
89 78 84 79 88 86 85
100 66 74 69
63 57
50
0
Bagh
Locations
Fig. 6.4 : Concentration of PM 2.5

in Ambient Air of Delhi (2013 &2014)
The annual mean concentration of PM2.5 shows an increasing trend at four locations
(Pitampura, Sirifort, Janakpuri and Nizamuddin) and decreasing trend at two locations
(Shahzada Bagh, Shahdara) during the year 2014 in comparison to 2013 (Fig.6.4).
The annual mean concentration of PM2.5 ranged between 69 g/m3 (Shahdara) and
89 g/m3 (Pitampura) during the year 2014. The concentration of PM2.5 exceeded the
prescribed national annual standard at all the locations.
Metals (lead & Nickel) and semi-metal (Arsenic) in PM10 :

The annual metals and semi-metal profile in PM10 at seven locations (Pitampura,
Sirifort, Nizamudin, Janakpuri, Shahdara, Shahzada Bagh and (Pragati Maidan)
in Delhi are presented in following graphs. The values menitored in 2014 are also
compared with those recored during 2013:
Particulate Lead (Pb):

Lead arises from natural as well as anthropogenic sources in ambient air. Human
exposure to lead can result in a wide range of biological effects depending on the
level and duration of exposure. Prolonged exposure of Lead (Pb) can cause damage
to the nervous system, digestive problems, and in some cases cause cancer. It is
especially hazardous to small children.
2013 2014 Ann.Stn

600
500 428
400
Concertation(ng/m3)
293 274
300 227 234
218
188 170
200 136
80 64 59 71 81
100
0
Pitampura Janakpuri Sirifort Nizamuddin Shahzada Shahdara Pragati
Locations Bagh Maidan
FIg. 6.5 : Concentration of Lead in Ambient Air of Delhi (2013 & 2014)
49 | Page
The annual mean concentration indicates a decreasing at four location (Pitampura,

Janakpuri, Shahzada Bagh, and Shahdara) and increasing at three locations (Sirifort,
Nizamuddin and Pragati Maidan, during 2014 in comparised to 2013 (Fig.6.5)
The annual mean concentration of particulate lead in the year 2013 and 2014 were
observed in the range of 59.0 ng/m3 (Sirifort) to 428.0 ng/m3 (Shahdara) and 64.0
ng/m3 (Janakpuri) to 293.0 ng/m3 (Shahdara) respectively in the ambient air in
Delhi. The annual mean Lead concentration has not violated the annual National
standard limits.
Particulate Nickel (Ni)

Nickel in ambient air mainly comes from combustion of fuel oil, coke in power
plants, refineries and other industries. Excessive amount of Nickel can be mildly
toxic. Long-term exposure can cause heart and liver ailments. An uptake nickel has
the chances lung embolism, respiratory failure, birth defects, asthma and chronic
bronchitis also allergic reactions such as skin rashes.
2013 2014
60
52
50
Concertation(ng/m3)
40
31 31
30 27
21 2221
18
20 1514 13 13
10 8
10
0
Bagh Maidan
Locations
Fig. 6.6 : Concentration of Nickel in Ambient Air of Delhi (2013-2014)
The annual mean concentration of particulate nickel recorded shows a decreasing at

all the locations during the year 2014 in comparison to year 2013 (Fig. 6.6)
The annual mean concentration of particulate Nickel in the year 2013 and 2014
were observed in the range of 13.0 ng/m3 (Nizamuddin) to 52.0 ng/m3 (Janakpuri)
and 8.0 ng/m3 (Nizamuddin) to 21.0 ng/m3 (Shadara & Pragati Maidan) respectively
in the ambient air at different monitoring locations in Delhi. The concentration of
Nickel exceeded the standards at two locations and was below the national standard
at other five locations during the year 2014.
Particulate Arsenic (As)

Arsenic is a highly toxic semi-metallic element. Arsenic has both natural and
anthropogenic sources. Rock pyrite leaches Arsenic in soil through aberration and
50 | Page
fossil fuel burning (coal) also adds Arsenic in Environment. This toxic metal has wide
range of health effects in organisms and human being. Arsenic can cause bladder,
lung, and skin cancer and may also cause kidney and liver cancer. The study also
found that arsenic harms the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as
heart and blood vessels, and causes serious skin problems.
2013 2014 Ann.Stn
7
6
Concertation(ng/m3)
5
4
3
2
0.82 0.97
1 0.420.48 0.62 0.550.37 0.53
0.260.34 0.32 0.30.37 0.17
0
Bagh Maidan
Locations
Fig. 6.7 : Concentration of Arsenic in Ambient Air of Delhi (2013-2014)
The annual mean concentration of Arsenic shows decreasing trend at three

locations (Nizamuddin, Sirifort,and Shahdara) and increasing trend at four locations
(Pitampura, Janakpuri, Shahzadabagh and Pragati Maidan) during the year 2014 in
comparison to 2013 (Fig. 6.7)
The annual mean concentration of particulate Arsenic in the year 2013 and 2014
were observed in the range of 0.26 ng/m3 (Janakpuri) to 0.82 ng/m3 (Shahdara) and
0.17 ng/m3 (Shahdara) to 0.97 ng/m3 (Pragati Maidan) respectively in the ambient
air at different monitoring locations in Delhi. The annual mean Arsenic concentration
are well within the prescribed annual National standard.
Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (CAAQMS) in Delhi.

Delhi being capital city, the CPCB also monitors the ambient air quality through
continuous ambient air quality monitoring station located at ITO traffic intersection,
DCE-Dwarka, DMS-Shadipur, IHBAS-Dilshad Garden and NSIT Dwarka. The
parameters monitored in these stations are: NO2, CO, SO2, O3, PM10, NH3, Benzene,
THC, along with meteorological parameters viz. Temperature, Humidity, wind speed,
wind direction, vertical wind speed, solar radiation and barometric pressure. The daily
data monitored at these stations are available on CPCB website on real time basis.
This data is also displayed on real-time basis and used for online NAQI dissemination
for public in general and media on regular basis. The summarised data over the
years for 3 stations are given below.
51 | Page
Annual Average concentration of NO2

Annual Average of NO2
DMS , Shadipur IHBAS, Dilshad Garden NSIT, Dwarka
80
Values are in g/m3 60
40
20
0
2011 2012 2013 2014
Annual Average concentration of SO2
At DMS-Shadipur, the Annual Average concentration of NO2 during 2011-2014 was

observed between 42.99 g/m3 (Min.) and 67.25 g/m3 (Max.) respectively. The SO2
concentration was 12.05 g/m3 (Min) & 12.33 g/m3 (Max). The concentration of CO
was measured as 750.36 g/m3 (Min) & 1666.61 g/m3 (Max). The concentration
of O3 was observed as 27.37 g/m3 (Min) & 37.39 g/m3 (Max.) The concentration
of PM10 was observed as 202.46 g/m3 (Min) & 218.83 g/m3 (Max.). The Benzene
concentration was observed 4.53 g/m3 (Min) & 11.98 g/m3 (Max).
At IHBAS Dilshad Garden, the Annual Average concentration of NO2 was during
2011-2014 was observed between 21.48g/m3 (Min) and 53.24 g/m3 (Max.)
respectively. The SO2 concentration was 10.58 g/m3 (Min) & 16.84 g/m3 (Max).
The concentration of CO was measured as 672.83 g/m3 (Min) &1163.75 g/m3
(Max). The concentration of PM10 was observed as 193.27 g/m3 (Min) 242.93 g/
m3 (Max.). The NH3 concentration was observed 13.28 g/m3 (Min) and 36.46 g/
m3 (Max).
52 | Page
Annual Average
Annualconcentration
Average of CO of CO
1800
1700
1600
Values are in g/m3

1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
2011 2012 2013 2014
Annual Average concentration

Annual Average of O3 of O3
DMS , Shadipur NSIT, Dwarka
40
Values are in g/m3
30
20
10
0
2011 2012 2013 2014
At NSIT Dwarka, the Annual Average concentration of NO2 was during 2011-2013
observed between 37.10g/m3 (Min.) and 53.31 g/m3 (Max.) respectively. The SO2
concentration was 6.24 g/m3 (Min) & 13.09 g/m3 (Max).
The concentration of CO was measured as 709.07 g/m3 (Min) & 1141.61 g/m3
(Max). The concentration of O3 was observed as 26.30 g/m3 (Min) & 32.52 g/m3
(Max). The concentration of PM10 was observed as 165.59 g/m3 (Min) & 213.80 g/
m3 (Max.). The Benzene concentration was observed 4.44 g/m3 (Min) and 10.08 g/
m3 (Max).
Annual Average of Benzeneof Benzene
DMS , Shadipur NSIT, Dwarka
14
12
10
g/m3
8
6
Values are in
4
2
0
2011 2012 2013 2014
53 | Page

Annual Average of PM10 of PM10
300
250
Values are in g/m3

200
150
100
50
0
2011 2012 2013 2014
The observations noted are as under:
1. During the year 2014, the annual average concentration of NO2 at DMS Shadipur,
IHBAS Dilshad garden & NSIT Dwarka was found 42.99 g/m3, 21.48 g/m3,
Monthly
MonthlyVariation ofNO2
Variation of NO2(2014)
(2014)
DMS Shadipur IHBAS Dilshad Garden NSIT Dwarka
80.00
Values are in g/m3
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
Monthly Variation
Monthly Variationof
ofSO2
SO2 (2014)
(2014)
30.00
Values are in g/m3
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
54 | Page
Monthly Variation of CO (2014)
1600.00
Values are in g/m3
1400.00
1200.00
1000.00
800.00
600.00
400.00
200.00
0.00
Monthly
MonthlyVariation
Variationof
of O
O3
3
(2014)
(2014)
VAlues are in g/m3
DMS Shadipur NSIT Dwarka

80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
MonthlyVariation
Monthly Variationofof PM10 (2014)
PM10 (2014)
Values are in g/m3
400.00
300.00
200.00
100.00
0.00
Monthly Variation of Benzene

DMS Shadipur NSIT Dwarka
Values are in g/m3
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
55 | Page
and a 44.48 g/m3 respectively. The concentration of NO2 at IHBAS Dilshad

Garden was under permissible limit while at the other two locations i.e DMS
shadipur and NSIT Dwarka was exceeding the annual permissible limit of 40
g/m3.
2. During the year 2014, the annual average concentration of SO2 at DMS
Shadipur, IHBAS Dilshad Garden, & NSIT Dwarka was 12.15 g/m3 , 10.58 g/
m3, and 9.83 g/m3 respectively. The concentration of SO2 at all the locations
was within under the annual permissible limit of 50 g/m3 .
3. During the year 2014, the annual average (24 hourly) concentration of CO at
DMS Shadipur, IHBAS Dilshad garden & NSIT Dwarka was found 750.36 g/
m3 ,672.83 g/m3 , and 709.07 g/m3 respectively.
4. During the year 2014, the annual average concentration of O3 at DMS Shadipur,
was 30.74 g/m3, and at NSIT Dwarka 32.52 g/m3 respectively.
5. During the year 2014, the annual average (24 hourly) concentration of NH3 at
IHBAS Dilshad Garden was 29.69.83 g/m3 which is well within the permissible
limit.
6. During the year 2014, the annual average concentration of PM10 at DMS
Shadipur, was 202.46 g/m3, at IHBAS Dilshad Garden 193.27 g/m3, and at
NSIT Dwarka 213.80 g/m3. The concentration of PM10 at all the locations were
observed to be exceeding the annual permissible limit of 60 g/m3 .
7. During the year 2014, the annual average concentration of Benzene at DMS
Shadipur, was 4.53 g/m3, and at NSIT Dwarka 4.44 g/m3 respectively.
At both the locations the concentration observed are found to be within the
permissible limit of 5 g/m3 on annual basis.
CAAQMS Network in India

The CPCB activity has initiated to install atleast one CAAQHs in identified 46
numbers of million-plus cities and State capitols including UTs (20). The online
real-time monitoring results will help dissemination of air quality information in the
form of NAQI. The monitoring data of the CAAQMS will be available at SPCBs / PCCs
and CPCB websites.
Out of the above referred cities 16 stations are already in operation, while 04 stations
under Critically Polluted Areas (CPAs) and 06 stations under million - plus cities
project are expected to be commission in late 2015. The installation of CAAQMS in
remaining cities will be taken up in phases.
56 | Page
CAAQMS Network Status as on March 2015

{Commissioned: 16 () Under Commissioning: 10 (*) to be taken up: 40 (**)}
S. Name of the State Status S. Name of the City State Status
No. City No.
1. Srinagar J&K * 40. Hyderabad Andhra
2. Ludhiana * 41. Vishakhapatnam Pradesh **
Punjab
3. Amritsar * 42. Vijayawada *
4. Faridabad Haryana 43. Bengaluru Karnataka
5. Delhi Delhi 44. Chennai Tamilnadu
6. Jaipur 45. Madurai **
7. Jodhpur Rajasthan 46. Coimbatore *
8. Kota ** 47. Bhubaneswar Odisha **
9. Meerut ** 48. Gandhi Nagar Gujarat **
10. Ghaziabad * 49. Shimla Himachal **
Pradesh
11. Agra Uttar 50. Thiruvananthapuram Kerala **
12. Lucknow Pradesh 51. Dehradun Uttarakhand **
13. Kanpur 52. Panaji Goa **
14. Allahabad ** 53. Guwahati Assam **
15. Varanasi 54. Shillong Meghalaya **
16. Patna Bihar 55. Imphal Manipur **
17. Howrah * 56. Itanagar Arunachal **
West Bengal Pradesh
18. Kolkata 57. Aizawl Mizoram **
19. Dhanbad ** 58. Kohima Nagaland **
Jharkhand
20. Ranchi ** 59. Gangtok Sikkim **
21. Raipur Chhattisgarh ** 60. Agartala Tripura **
22. Gwalior ** 61. Chandigarh Chandigarh **
23. Indore Madhya ** 62. Puducherry Puducherry **
24. Bhopal Pradesh ** 63. Port Blair A & N Island **
25. Jabalpur ** 64. Silvassa D & N Haveli **
26. Ahmadabad 65. Daman Daman & Diu **
27. Rajkot ** 66. Kavaratti Lakshadweep **
Gujarat
28. Vadodara **
29. Surat **
30. Nagpur *
31. Aurangabad *
32. Nashik *
33. Vasai Virar **
34. Mumbai
35. Thane **
Maharashtra
36. Navi Mumbai **
37. Kalyan - **
Dombivali
38. Pune
39. Pimpri - **
Chinchwad
57 | Page
CAAQMS-Network in Critically Polluted Areas (CPAs):

Critically Polluted Areas (CPAs)
CPCB has identified 27 out of 43 critically polluted areas spreaded in 11 states

where air pollution is of concern. To know the air quality status of in thre CPAS on
real time basis CPCB has planned to set up CAAQMS network in all these places.
The status of commissioning is given in the Table below.
CAAQMS Network Status in Critically Polluted Areas as in March 2015
{Under Commissioning: 15 (*) to be taken up: 12 (**)}
S. No. Industrial Cluster/ Area State Status
01. Ankleshwar *
02. Vapi Gujarat *
03. Vatva *
04. Ghaziabad *
Uttar Pradesh
05. Noida *
06. Aurangabad *
07. Dombivalli Maharashtra *
08. Chandra Pur *
09. Angul Talcher *
Odisha
10. Jharsuguda *
11. Ludhiana *
Punjab
12. Mandi Gobind Garh *
13. Manali *
Tamil Nadu
14. Coimbatore *
15. Bhiwadi Rajasthan *
16. Asansol $ West Bengal *
1. Ahmedabad Gujarat **
2. Singrauli **
Uttar Pradesh
3. Kanpur **
4. Navi Mumbai **
Maharashtra
5. Tarapur **
6. Ib Valley Odisha **
7. Korba Chhattisgarh **
8. Mangalore **
Karnataka
9. Bhadravati **
10. Vellore (North Arcot) Tamil Nadu **
11. Dhanbad Jharkhand **
12. Faridabad Haryana **
$ Asansol : Air severe
National Resource Development in Air Quality Monitoring

Model Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station at Parivesh Bhawan
A model ambient air quality monitoring station is being developed for demonstration
and also to meet the requirement of training in the field of ambient air quality. On
its development, this station shall monitor all 12 parameters.
58 | Page
Resource Development
With a view to bring uniformity
in sampling, analyses and data
reporting, two series of refresher
training courses on Source emission
monitoring for the scientific and
technical officials of CPCB and
SPCBs /PCCs were organized. In
this program specific requirements
for a typical stack monitoring kit
were described and demonstrated.
In addition to above, in compliance to

directives of Honble National Green
Tribunal, Pune Bench, 5 series
of hands-on-training on source
& ambient air quality monitoring
program were organized for about
170 field officers of Maharashtra
Pollution Control Board.
59 | Page
With a view to demonstrate and describe data collection and questionnaire survey
including the in-built data quality check in source monitoring for the baseline survey
data for emission trading program, three series of programs were organized one each
at Chennai, Surat and Mumbai.
Table
Sl. Organized at Attended SPCBs Number of Officials
No.
1. Shillong CPCB, ZO (NE) 33 Trainees
SPCBs Meghalaya, Assam
Tripura & Mizoram
2. Bengaluru CPCB, ZO( S) 30 Trainees
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Kerala and Goa
3. Mumbai
4. Dhanu
6. Nasik Field Officers of Maharashtra Pollution Control
170 trainees
Board
7. Nagpur
8. Mumbai
9. Chennai Engaged laboratories (2-Nos) for Baseline 40 members of accredited
Survey laboratories & SPCBs
10. Surat Engaged laboratories (2-Nos) for Baseline 40 members of accredited
11. Mumbai Engaged laboratories (3-Nos) for Baseline 40 members of accredited
Ambient Air and Noise Pollution Levels during Deepawali 2014

In order to assess the impact of burning crecrers on anlik air and noise during
Deepawali festival, Central Pollution Control Board conducted an in-depth Ambient
Air quality and Noise monitoring at various places of Delhi, Agra, Lucknow, Bhopal,
Vadodara, Kolkatta and Shillong during celebration of Deepawali festival 2014
(October 23, 2014).
Intensive ambient noise and air quality monitoring was carried out in selected
twenty four (24) locations. A pictorial presentation of monitoring data is depicted in
Map 1. Under this program, the Real Time data for continuous monitoring systems
established by CPCB at Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkatta, Lucknow
and Mumbai were also taken into account. The data is presented in Map 2.
CPCB coordinated with all SPCBs & PCCs to participate in the assessment program.
Accordingly, 21 states were involved in the above program. Ambient air quality
monitoring was carried out in twenty (20) States covering 163 location and noise
monitoring carried out in twenty (20) States at 209 locations.
60 | Page
Map 1:
1 Ambientt Air Qualitty & Noise
e Monitorin
ng Data du
uring Deepa
awali 2014
4
AMBIENT AIR SO
O2 NO2 PM
M10
Tajmahal BD
DL 14 822
Etmad-ud--daullah BD
DL 31 1332
Tajmahal BD
DL 16 1911
Etmad-ud--daullah 5
29 2711
NOISE
AMBIENT AIIR SO2 NO
N 2 PM10 Kamla Naggar R 72 92

Pragati Maidan 05 85 129
Pitampura 04 45 115 AMBIENT AIR SO2 NO2
N PM10
Janakpuri 04 42 152 Indiraa Nagar BDL 2
28 154
Pragati Maidan 08 82 442 Vikass Khand BDL 3
34 130
Pitampura 10 67
6 756 Indiraa Nagar 7 699 476
Janakpuri 32 53
5 648 Vikass Khand 5 577 332
NOISE NOISE
AIIMS S 71 80 Mayuur Vihar Indra Ng.
N R 555 79
Connaught Plaace C 67 80 Vikass Khand Gomti Ng.
N R 5
53 56
Mayur Vihar Ph-II
P R 69 83
Kamla Nagar R 59 80
Agra
Pitam Pura R 53 71 D
Delhi
Janakpuri R 63 78 Shilloong
Lucknow
AMBIENT AIR
A SO2 NO2 PM10
Vaadodara Upper Mawprrem BDL BDL 63
Lower Moti Naagar BDL BDL 38
Kolkatta Assam Bazar BDL BDL 68
AMBIENT AIR SO2 NO2 PM10 Bhopal Upper Mawprrem BDL BDL 135
Fatehgunj BDL 44 151 Lower Moti Naagar BDL BDL 95
MS University BDL 24 109 Assam Bazar BDL BDL 132
Harinagar BDL 26 100 NOISE
Fatehgunj BDL 49
337 Assam Bazarr C 66 84
MS University BDL 30
226 Lower Moti Nagar
N R 50 71
Harinagar 12 27
265
Upper Mawpprem C 55 86
NOISE
Fatehganj C 78 77
Harinagar R 59 73 AMBIENT AIR SO2 NO2
N PM10
MS Universityy S 65 74 Behala BDL B
BDL 40
Baangalore
Tollygunge BDL 2
21 51
Kasba BDL 1
16 29
Salt lake BDL 1
17 126
AMBIENT AIIR SO2 NO2 PM10 AMBIENT AIR
A SO2 NO
N 2 PM10 Shyambazar 4 1
16 47
RRajaji Nagar BDL BDL 231 T T Nagar 5 27 78 Behala 4 344 852
R Rajeshwarii Ngr. BDL
Raja BDL 48 Chhola Roaad 3 17 102 Tollygunge 7 566 998
R Nagar
RT BDL 11 48 AG Colony 4 18 102 Kasba 60 500 1163
R
Rajaji Nagar 06 16 213 T T Nagar 9 33 208 Salt lake 37 433 2489
Raja 11 81 Chhola Roaad 8 22 348 Shyambazar 29 366 760
R Nagar
RT BDL 23 103 AG Colony 10 39 338 NOISE
NOISE NOISE Salt Lake, Norrth R 6
61 71
R Nagar
R.T. C 56 73 AG Colony R 59 81 Kolkata
R
Rajaji Nagar C 67 88 Chhola Roaad R 78 89 Rabindra Sadan, S 6
61 64
R Rajeshwarii Ngr.
Raja R 50 69 North T.T. Ng. C 68 81 South Kolkataa
Norm
mal Day Festival Day
D
61 | Page
Map 2: On
nline Real tim
me Ambient Noise
N monito
oring data during Deepaw
wali, 2014
Day Night Day Night

ITO C 73 69 79 75
NSIT S 55 55 63 63
Dilshad Garden
G S 50 45 65 67 Day Night Day Night
CPCB C 66 53 69 69 Talkatora I 65 55 66 61
DCE S 53 46 60 63 Haajrat Gunj C 74 62 71 67
P.G
G.I S 64 56 64 60
Ind
dira Nagar R 59 46 67 62
Goomti Nagar S 73 59 69 64
Delhi
Luckknow
Day Night Day Night
MPCB, HQQ(C) C 70 69 69 68
Bandra(C) C 69 67 69 68
Kolkattaa
Ashp(S) S 63 60 65 62
Vashi Hossp.(S) S 68 60 69 62
Thane(C) C 63 58 67 63 Day Night Day Night
SSKM Hosp.(S) S 63 55 61 61
Goole Park(I) I 80 70 74 76
HQQ(C) C 76 56 63 59
Mumbai Paatauli(R) R 73 50 61 55
Neew Market(C) C 74 72 72 73
Hyderab
bad
Day Night Day Night
Abbits C 78 68 80 72
Chenn
nai Pu
unjagutta C 78 72 79 73
Jee
edimetla I 65 57 64 59
Bangalore ZO
OO S 55 50 58 56
Jub
blee Hills R 60 51 63 59
Day Night Day Night Day Night Day Night

BTM R 67 59 69 60 Triiplicane R 71 60 71 59
Marathali C 61 58 64 59 Guuindy I 80 76 79 72
Nisarga Bhavan
B R 60 50 65 55 Perambur C 71 61 74 62
Peeniya I 60 59 61 61 T.N
Nagar C 76 65 75 66
Parisar Bhavan
B C 67 58 67 59 Eyee Hospital S 62 58 73 60
Norm
D
62 | Page
Map 1:: Ambient Air

A Quality
y & Noise Monitoring
M g Data durring Deepa
awali 2014
AMBIENT AIR SO
O2 NO2 PM
M10
Tajmahal BD
DL 14 822
Etmad-ud--daullah BD
DL 31 1332
Tajmahal BD
DL 16 1911
Etmad-ud--daullah 5
29 2711
NOISE
AMBIENT AIIR SO2 NO
N 2 PM10 Kamla Naggar R 72 92

Pragati Maidan 05 85 129
Pitampura 04 45 115 AMBIENT AIR SO2 NO2
N PM10
Janakpuri 04 42 152 Indiraa Nagar BDL 2
28 154
Pragati Maidan 08 82 442 Vikass Khand BDL 3
34 130
Pitampura 10 67
6 756 Indiraa Nagar 7 699 476
Janakpuri 32 53
5 648 Vikass Khand 5 577 332
NOISE NOISE
AIIMS S 71 80 Mayuur Vihar Indra Ng.
N R 555 79
Connaught Plaace C 67 80 Vikass Khand Gomti Ng.
N R 5
53 56
Mayur Vihar Ph-II
P R 69 83
Kamla Nagar R 59 80
Agra
Pitam Pura R 53 71 D
Delhi
Janakpuri R 63 78 Shilloong
Lucknow
AMBIENT AIR
A SO2 NO2 PM10
Vaadodara Upper Mawprrem BDL BDL 63
Lower Moti Naagar BDL BDL 38
Kolkatta Assam Bazar BDL BDL 68
AMBIENT AIR SO2 NO2 PM10 Bhopal Upper Mawprrem BDL BDL 135
Fatehgunj BDL 44 151 Lower Moti Naagar BDL BDL 95
MS University BDL 24 109 Assam Bazar BDL BDL 132
Harinagar BDL 26 100 NOISE
Fatehgunj BDL 49
337 Assam Bazarr C 66 84
MS University BDL 30
226 Lower Moti Nagar
N R 50 71
Harinagar 12 27
265
Upper Mawpprem C 55 86
NOISE
Fatehganj C 78 77
Harinagar R 59 73 AMBIENT AIR SO2 NO2
N PM10
MS Universityy S 65 74 Behala BDL B
BDL 40
Baangalore
Tollygunge BDL 2
21 51
Kasba BDL 1
16 29
Salt lake BDL 1
17 126
AMBIENT AIIR SO2 NO2 PM10 AMBIENT AIR
A SO2 NO
N 2 PM10 Shyambazar 4 1
16 47
Rajaji Nagar
R BDL BDL 231 T T Nagar 5 27 78 Behala 4 344 852
Raja BDL 48 Chhola Roaad 3 17 102 Tollygunge 7 566 998
R Nagar
RT BDL 11 48 AG Colony 4 18 102 Kasba 60 500 1163
R
Rajaji Nagar 06 16 213 T T Nagar 9 33 208 Salt lake 37 433 2489
Raja 11 81 Chhola Roaad 8 22 348 Shyambazar 29 366 760
R Nagar
RT BDL 23 103 AG Colony 10 39 338 NOISE
NOISE NOISE Salt Lake, Norrth R 6
61 71
R Nagar
R.T. C 56 73 AG Colony R 59 81 Kolkata
R
Rajaji Nagar C 67 88 Chhola Roaad R 78 89 Rabindra Sadan, S 6
61 64
R Rajeshwarii Ngr.
Raja R 50 69 North T.T. Ng. C 68 81 South Kolkataa
Norm
D
63 | Page
Map 2: Online Real time Ambient

A No
oise monitoring data
a during De
eepawali, 2014
2
Day Night Day Night

ITO C 73 69 79 75
NSIT S 55 55 63 63
Dilshad Garden
G S 50 45 65 67 Day Night Day Night
CPCB C 66 53 69 69 Talkatora I 65 55 66 61
DCE S 53 46 60 63 Haajrat Gunj C 74 62 71 67
P.G
G.I S 64 56 64 60
Ind
dira Nagar R 59 46 67 62
Goomti Nagar S 73 59 69 64
Delhi
Luckknow
Day Night Day Night
MPCB, HQQ(C) C 70 69 69 68
Bandra(C) C 69 67 69 68
Kolkattaa
Ashp(S) S 63 60 65 62
Vashi Hossp.(S) S 68 60 69 62
Thane(C) C 63 58 67 63 Day Night Day Night
SSKM Hosp.(S) S 63 55 61 61
Goole Park(I) I 80 70 74 76
HQQ(C) C 76 56 63 59
Mumbai Paatauli(R) R 73 50 61 55
Neew Market(C) C 74 72 72 73
Hyderab
bad
Day Night Day Night
Abbits C 78 68 80 72
Chenn
nai Pu
unjagutta C 78 72 79 73
Jeeedimetla I 65 57 64 59
Bangalore ZO
OO S 55 50 58 56
Jubblee Hills R 60 51 63 59
Day Night Day Night Day Night Day Night

BTM R 67 59 69 60 Triiplicane R 71 60 71 59
Marathali C 61 58 64 59 Guuindy I 80 76 79 72
Nisarga Bhavan
B R 60 50 65 55 Perambur C 71 61 74 62
Peeniya I 60 59 61 61 T.N
Nagar C 76 65 75 66
Parisar Bhavan
B C 67 58 67 59 Eyee Hospital S 62 58 73 60
Norm
D
64 | Page
Monitoring of Noise Levels & Air Quality during Deepawali at Agra:

The project office Agra carried out Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality on Pre Deepawali
(10th Oct.-14), and Deepawali days (Oct. 23, 2014) at 02 monitoring stations of CPCB
namely Etmad-ud-daulah & Tajmahal. The findings of Monitoring are as below:
Date Monitoring Location SO2 (g/m3) NO2 (g/m3) PM10 (g/m3)
15-10-14 Tajmahal BDL 14 82
Pre Diwali
Etmad-ud-daulah BDL 31 132
23-10-14 Tajmahal BDL 16 191
Diwali
Etmad-ud-daulah 05 29 271
AAQM 24 hours Std. 80 80 100
Noise Monitoring:
The project office Agra also conducted carried out the noise monitoring at Kamala
Nagar, Agra (residential) on pre-Deepawali (16.10.14) and on the Deepawali day i.e.
23.10.14. The level of Leq 71.7 dB(A) was found on 16.10.14 (normal day), while Leq
92.3dB(A) was covered found on Deepawali day.
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 2014

To see the effect of bursting of crackers etc. monitoring of ambient air quality was
carried out during Deepawali Festival (Pre-Deepawali and Deepawali day). PM10, SO2,
NO2 were monitored for 24 hours at two representative locations viz. Mayur Vihar,
Indira Nagar & Vikas Khand on October 16, 2014 (Pre- Deepawali) and October 23,
2014 (Deepawali day).
The detailed analysis report is given below in Table 3. The following observations
were made while comparing Pre-Deepawali day data with Deepawali day;
Significant increase in the average concentrations of PM10 (155% in Vikas

Khand Gomti Nagar & 195% in Mayur Vihar, Indira Nagar) was observed on
Deepawali day.
Significant increase in average concentrations of SO2 (from BDL to 4.83 g/
m3 in Vikas Khand Gomti Nagar and BDL to 6.50 g/m3 in Mayur Vihar,
Indira Nagar) was also observed during Deepawali day (MDL for SO2 = 4 g/
m3).
Significant increase in average concentrations of NO2 (from 34.0 to 57.0 g/
m3 in Vikas Khand Gomti Nagar and 28.0 to 69.0 g/m3 in Mayur Vihar,
Indira Nagar) was also observed during Deepawali day (MDL for SO2 = 4 g/
m3).
65 | Page
Table: 6.6: Ambient Air Quality during Deepawali Festival, 2014

Parameters Monitored
Monitoring Normal Day (16-10-2014) Deepawali Day (23-10-2014)
Locations SO2 NO2 PM10 SO2 NO2 PM10
MayurVihar, Indira Nagar BDL 28 154 6.5 69 476
Vikas Khand, Gomtinagar BDL 34 130 4.83 57 332
NAAQ Standard 80 80 100 80 80 100
All values (24 hourly average) are in g/m3

For average calculation of SO2, BDL has been taken as conc. 2.0 g/m3 (50% of MDL value i.e. 04
g/m3
Noise Level Monitoring 2014:

The noise levels (dBA) at MayurVihar, Indira Nagar and Gomti Nagar (Minimum,
maximum and Leq) are shown in Table 4 & 5. Brief observations on noise level
monitoring are as below;
The Leq noise levels were found increased on Deepawali day when compared
with Pre-Deepawali day at Mayur Vihar, Indira Nagar whereas the Leq noise
levels were found almost unchanged at Gomti Nagar.
Significant increase was observed on the day of festival in terms of Lmax (dBA)
i.e. from 93.5 to 111.3 in Mayur Vihar, Indira Nagar and from 89.4 to 132.8 in
Gomti Nagar.
Table 4: Noise Level during Deepawali festival, 2014 at
MayurVihar, Indira Nagar
Mayur Vihar, Indira Normal Day (16-10-2014) Deepawali Day (23-10-2014)
Nagar, Lucknow
Time Duration (Hours) Lmin Lmax Leq dB (A) Lmin Lmax Leq dB (A)
18:00 to 19:00 50.6 93.5 55.8 40.9 101.1 68.2
19:00 to 20:00 52.1 84.1 55.9 53.4 105.4 72.2
20:00 to 21:00 38.9 88.6 54.4 56.2 111.3 80.9
21:00 to 22:00 34.2 79.3 53.7 57.9 109.1 82.5
22:00 to 23:00 35.1 74.7 52.7 55.9 106.6 76.5
23:00 to 00:00 31.8 88.6 52.6 55.9 101.2 77.1
Table 5: Noise Level during Deepawali festival,

2014 at Gomti Nagar
Vikas Khand, Gomti Normal Day (16-10-2014) Deepawali Day (23-10-2014)
Nagar, Lucknow
Time Duration (Hours) Lmin Lmax Leq dB (A) Lmin Lmax Leq dB (A)
18:00 to 19:00 48.2 86.2 54.1 50.0 104.6 52.2
19:00 to 20:00 48.5 78.1 54.5 30.6 113.7 53.1
20:00 to 21:00 47.7 84.2 52.1 45.9 107.6 59.5
21:00 to 22:00 47.7 89.4 51.4 45.4 132.8 54.9
22:00 to 23:00 45.4 86.4 53.6 45.2 114.5 57.2
23:00 to 00:00 38.1 88.5 45.2 Machine Failure
66 | Page
ZO-Bhopal:
Ambient Air & Noise level monitoring was conducted at three selected locations
in Bhopal during celebration of Diwali festival in the year 2014 (pre Diwali on
15.10.2014 & on Diwali 23.10.2014) to record the impact of bursting of crackers on
environment.
Details of monitoring locations are as below:

Name of the monitoring Description of Latitude & Activities around location
location location Longitude
North TT Nagar, near Commercial 23147.95N Vehicle movement,
CPCB Zonal Office Area 772354.02E commercial activities and
blasting of crackers
AG Colony, near Residential 231331.82N Blasting of crackers & road
Bhadbhada road Area 772325.21E sweeping
Chola Road, near railway Residential 231629.04N Vehicle movement,
station road area 772447.52E commercial activities and
blasting of crackers
Meteorological data during Diwali monitoring:

Date Temperature in (0C) Prominent Wind Humidity Remarks
Minimum Maximum direction and wind in %
speed (km/h)
15.10.2014 21.1 32.8 East-South-East 71 No rainfall on 15 &
10km/h 23 October 2014.
23.10.14 19.6 33.5 South 11km/h 59 However, heavy rainfall
was on 18 October
2014.
Status of Ambient Air Quality at three locations in Bhopal

Details Parameters On 15.10.2014 On 23.10.2014 Remarks
of Locations Pre-Diwali Diwali
Min. Max. Min. Max.
North T.T. Nagar RSPM (PM10) 63 97 63 306 The weather was clear
(Commercial) SPM 101 235 134 412 during monitoring
SO2 02 11 04 16 day however on
NO2 10 65 08 68 18.10.2014 heavy
Chola Road RSPM(PM10) 64 177 82 608 rainfall was observed.
(Residential) SPM 192 411 168 649 Heavy bursting of
crackers on Diwali
SO2 02 05 02 16
day was also seen
NO2 09 34 10 44
and observed all
AG colony RSPM(PM10) 54 174 76 573
along the Bhopal
(Residential) SPM 125 573 232 602 city.
SO2 02 07 05 20
NO2 08 51 19 67
National Ambient Air Quality SO2 NO2 RSPM(PM10)
Standard Industrial/Residential/ 80 80 100
rural or other area (24 hourly
average in g/m3)
67 | Page
Monitoring result of Ambient Air Quality indicate states that at commercial area
North T.T. Nagar maximum concentration of SO2 & NO2 was observed to be
11g/m3 & 65g/m3 respectively before Diwali festival (15.10.2014). However
SO2 concentration was observed upto 20g/m3 at AG colony on Diwali festival
(23.10.2014). The NO2 concentration (68g/m3) was found maximum on Diwali
day at North TT nagar.
The concentration of gaseous pollutant found maximum at commercial area

North T.T. Nagar during 6pm to 10pm, due to movement of large number of
vehicles & commercial activities. The maximum concentration of SO2 on Diwali
day at AG colony was observed due to the heavy bursting of the crackers near
the monitoring instrument.
Maximum concentration of Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM/PM10)
was relorded at Chhola road during Diwali. This location is residential as well as
commercial where vehicle movement is high as well as the road condition are also
not good. On the normal day also the value was on higher side of prescribed NAAQS
i.e. 100g/m3. And this concentration got increased upto 3.5 times on Diwali day.
Status of Ambient Noise levels

The noise level measurement, before and on Diwali day was carried out using Delta
OHM HD2110L instrument. Monitoring was carried out from 18.00hrs to 24.00 hrs
as per the prescribed protocol for Leq, Lmin, Lmax, L50 & L90 parameters. The minimum
noise level was observed on both days (normal day & Diwali day) at AG colony i.e.
41.6 dB(A) & 45.6 dB(A) respectively. However maximum noise level was observed
on both days at Chola road i.e. 108.9 dB(A) & 122.5 dB(A) respectively.
On Diwali day, due to heavy bursting of crackers at AG Colony, noise level reached
maximum upto 108.2 dB(A) and also the average Leq value observed was 77.6 dB(A)
which is very high with respect to the prescribed residential limit. At all the three
monitoring locations (T.T. Nagar, Chhola road & AG colony) Leq value on diwali
exceeded 1.5 to 2 times the prescribed noise standards i.e. 80 dB(A), 82.7 dB(A)
& 77.6 dB(A) respectively. It is pertinent that during normal day (15.10.2014) the
noise level was exceeding the prescribed standards.
Vehicular movement, traffic jam, noisy crackers and playing dhol-nagada during
festival are the main attributes responsible for the high noise level. The attraction
towards the Chinese Crackers contributed significantly to the noise level and ambient
air quality deterioration.
MONITORING OF AMBIENT AIR & NOISE QUALITY DURING DEEPAWALI FESTIVAL

IN VADODARA.
To assess the pollution load with respect to ambient air and noise due to bursting
of crackers the West Zone Office carried out monitoring for ambient air quality and
68 | Page
Noise pollution survey at three prominent locations in Vadodara namely Harinagar

representing Residential category, MS University representing Silent zone and
Fatehgunj representing Commercial zone during Pre-Deepawali and Deepawali
festival. Results of ambient air and noise level monitoring carried out during Pre-
Deepawali and Deepawali festival are depicted in following graphs.
Gaseous Monitoring Particulate Monitoring

100 400
350
80
300
Concn. g/M3
Cocn. g/M3
60 250
200
40 150
100
20
50
0 0
Hari Nagar Fatehganj M.S. Univ. Hari Nagar Fatehganj M.S. Univ.
SO2 Pre-Deewali SO2 Deewali RSPM Pre-Deewali RSPM Deewali

NO2 Pre-Deewali NO2 Deewali RSPM Standard
The monitoring results reveal that the concentration of monitored parameters

increased during Deepawali festival at all the three locations. The concentration of
SO2 and NO2 were within the national standard during pre deepawali and deepawali
monitoring. However, the concentration of PM10 exceeded the national standard
during pre-Deepawali days which was almost double during Deepawali day.
The noise levels were observed almost same during predeepawali and deepawali at
the Fatehjang area whereas at the other two locations, the noise level is showed
increase. The noise levels were observed exceeding the stipulated standards at all
the three locations during predeepawali and deepawali monitoring.
Noise Monitoring on Deewali (2014)

87.8
100.0 85.5 77.6 84.3
70.1 76.4 79.7
72.2
Noise Levels in dB(A)
80.0 67.6 61.8 71.4 68.9

61.5 59.0 57.2 55.9 62.3
60.0 50.1
40.0
20.0
0.0
Lmin Lmax Leq Lmin Lmax Leq Lmin Lmax Leq
Fatehganj Harinagar MS Univ.

Pre-Deewali Deewali
69 | Page
Impact of Deepawali Festival on Ambient Air Quality in Kolkata

A lot of sounded and soundless fire crackers are burnt on the Deepawali night.
The fire crackers generally contain potassium nitrate (75%), carbon(15%) and
sulphur(10%) and the cracker bursting produces the huge amount of dangerous
inorganic and organic carcinogenic/toxic pollutants like sulphur dioxide, carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide, manganese and traces of cadmium also, which are mixed
in the environment.
SAMPLING PROGRAMME
Five sampling locations were selected in Kolkata viz Behala, Shyambazar, Tollygunge,
Kasba and Salt lake for monitoring during Pre Deepawali and Deepawali day.
Monitoring at these location was conducted in three shifts of 8 hours each, starting
from 0600 Hrs to 0600 Hrs of the next morning for RSPM and 4 hours interval
for SO2, NO2 by Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS) using glass microfiber filter paper
(PM10). Noise monitoring was also conducted at two locations, North Kolkata and
South Kolkata during 18.00 hours to 24.00 hours on both the days (Predeepawali
and Deepawali) by Noise meter. The analytical results are given in Table on
Table 2.
Table 1. : Noise Level During Deepawali Festival
Location: North Kolkata Pre Deepawali Deepawali
Leq Lmin Lmax Leq Lmin Lmax
1800 to 1900 hrs 63.5 54.1 85.7 62.5 43.5 91.8
1900 to 2000 hrs 62.7 53.3 84.1 63.5 43.2 85.5
2000 to 2100 hrs 61.3 52.5 86.5 73.6 46.5 96.6

2100 to 2200 hrs 58.9 48.1 82.3 70.2 46.7 89.4
2200 to 2300 hrs 56.8 46.5 77.7 73.3 48.1 89.4
2300 to 2400 hrs 56.0 43.8 72.1 72.5 50.3 86.6
Location: South Kolkata 15/10/2014 23/10/2014

Leq Lmin Lmax Leq Lmin Lmax
1800 to 1900 hrs 62.1 54.5 76.2 57.6 53.3 75.5
1900 to 2000 hrs 61.6 52.1 71.1 57.8 49.0 76.1
2000 to 2100 hrs 61.0 51.6 70.0 64.2 47.6 84.4
2100 to 2200 hrs 60.7 48.8 71.3 62.7 50.0 84.3

2200 to 2300 hrs 60.2 48.8 75.0 65.8 47.0 87.0
2300 to 2400 hrs 59.8 47.7 86.5 66.4 49.8 87.2
70 | Page
Noise level was observed maximum on the Deepawali day in both the stations. Hour-
ly average value revealed that noise level in North Kolkata and South Kolkata was
found in the range between 85.5 & 96.6 db (A) and 75.5 & 87.2 db(A) respectively
on the Deepawali night.
Table 2 : Analytical Results of RSPM, SO2 & NO2 During

Pre-Deepawali & Deepawali in 2014
Station Name Shift RSPM (g/m3) SO2 (g/m3) NO2 (g/m3)
Pre- Deepawali Pre- Deepawali Pre- Deepawali
deepawali deepawali deepawali
KASBA 1st 27 105 2.22 8.37 23.42 51.01
2nd 25 524 2.17 129.02 29.31 106.98
3rd 34 2860 8.5 219.32 43.06 143.00
Average 29 1163 2.15 59.5 15.96 50.2
(24
hourly)
TOLLYGUNGE 1st 46 139 5.88 3.3 34.97 125.69
2 nd
44 356 4.73 18.72 33.96 137.42
3rd 64 2501 7.35 20.99 48.01 73.15
Average 51 998 3.0 7.2 21.2 56.0
(24
hourly)
BEHALA 1st 39 140 4.02 2.05 18.81 75.76
2 nd
30 458 6.02 10.33 9.14 76.0
3rd 49 1958 5.85 11.46 19.88 51.0
Average 40 852 2.7 4.0 8.0 33.8
(24
hourly)
SALTLAKE 1st 164 213 7.04 10.86 23.13 50.36
2nd 105 507 4.7 48.42 39.65 105.13
3rd 110 6747 6.23 164.76 38.29 102.36
Average 126 2489 2.99 37.3 16.84 43.0
(24
hourly)
SHYAMBAZAR 1st 51 133 8.43 23.55 25.99 36.02
2nd 43 359 4.58 46.96 36.89 69.83
3 rd
48 1787 12.21 105.22 34.27 106.99
Average 47 760 4.2 29.3 16.2 35.5
(24
hourly)
The analytical results revealed that RSPM values were high during the night time
(10 pm -06 am) on Deepawli day - 2860 g/m3 (Kasba), 2501 g/m3 (Tollygunge),
1958 g/m3 (Behala), 6747 g/m3 (Salt lake) and 1787 g/m3 (Shyambazar). High
values of SO2 were observed in Salt Lake (164.76 g/m3), Shyambazar (105.22 g/
m3) and Kasba (219.32 g/m3) during night shift (10 pm -06 am) and Kasba (129.02
g/m3) during 2nd shift (02.00 pm -10.00 pm ) of Deepawali day . NO2 concentration
is slightly higher in Kasba (143 g/m3 ) in the night hours and in Tollygunge (Ist &
2nd shift) of Deepawali day .
71 | Page
Monitaring of ambeat air and none laves during Deepawali Festival

Bursting of crackers during Deepawali festival is a major source of deterioration
of Ambient Air Quality. To study the impact of bursting of fire crackers,
ambient air quality & noise level were monitored on normal and deepawali day
at three locations namely Rajajinagar, R T Nagar and Rajarajeshwarinagar in
Bengaluru.
During Normal Day (20.10.2014) and Deepavali Day (23.10.2014), the climate
was very cloudy and rainy. The monitoring results of Normal Day and Deepavali
day were meeting the ambient air quality standards of SO2, NO2 and PM10 at
all selected manual locations. Due to rain the pollution level is reduced in
general.
Ambient noise level was also monitored and it was observed that the Noise
Level exceeded the Noise standard of 55dB (A) at all three locations, with
percentage of increase in compare to the standard is 32.9% at R.T. Nagar,
60.5% at Manjunath Nagar and 24.7% at Raja Rajeshwari Nagar due to
bursting of crackers.
Ambient Noise Levels at Various locations in Bengaluru During

Normal and Deepawali Festival Days Oct-2014
92.2
90.0
100.0
89.0
86.9
79.5
90.0
75.6
75.0
Noise Level in dB(A)
73.1
72.7
72.4
72.1
71.4
70.1
69.2
80.0
68.6
65.7
64.0
63.8
60.8
60.5
59.0
70.0
58.7
57.7
57.4
55.7
55.0
54.6
53.1
51.2
50.6
50.1
60.0
49.0
48.2
47.3
47.1
44.2
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
18 to 19 Hrs 19 to 20 Hrs 20 to 21 Hrs 21 to 22 Hrs 22 to 23 Hrs 23 to 24 Hrs
RT. Nagar Normal day RT. Nagar Deepawali Day
Rajaji nagar Normal day Rajaji nagar Deepawali Day
Raja Rajeshwari Ngr Normal day Raja Rajeshwari Ngr Deepawali Day
Ambient noise levels in Bengaluru during Diwali 2014
72 | Page
Auditing of Pollution Checking Centres (PCCs) in Delhi

In compliance of the orders of Honble National Green Tribunal(NGT), a special team
of Delhi Transport Authority (DTA), Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Delhi
Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) and Department of Environment Delhi was
constituted for checking of Pollution checking centres, authorized by Delhi Transport
Authority (DTA) on random basis. More than 150 PCCs, having facility for checking
vehicular emission of Petrol/CNG/LPG & Diesel driven vehicles were checked in
respect of proper calibration of equipment deployed in PCCs and the PUC certificates
are being issued only after checking the vehicles in accordance with the norms.
Pollution Checking of CNG operated DTC buses in Delhi

The joint checked the vehicular emission of CNG operated DTC buses (old and new)
on 02/03/2015 on random basis. Total 27 number of DTC buses (12 nos. low floor
& 15nos. standard buses were checked.
Measurement of Mixing Height (with SODAR system)

A SODAR system is in continuous operation at Parivesh Bhawan, CPCB to probe
the lower atmosphere. The data obtained from the SODAR system is analyzed to
get mixing height. It gives the height up to which pollutants can disperse in the
atmosphere. Mixing height in different months and periods of high/low convective
activity are given in the following tables.
Mixing height in Delhi
Month Monthly Mean (m) Maximum (Average) Minimum (Average)
2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014
January 465 464 1600 1749 95 90
February 548 559 1579 1685 90 85
March - 588 1494 1579 110 95
April 614 620 1749 1579 110 110
May 576 635 1621 1706 105 90
June - 661 1621 1621 105 100
July - 702 - 1664 - 105
August 629 - 1706 - 100 -
September 639 717 1791 1770 110 90
October 593 658 1706 1749 95 85
November 495 511 1621 1749 100 70
December 497 466 1600 1791 90 100
In 2013, the monthly mean minimum mixing height was observed in January ie. 465
metres. The minimum mixing height measured was in February and December i.e.
90 metres. The maximum mixing height measured was in September i.e. 1791 meter,
while 2014 the monthly mean minimum mixing height was observed in January i.e.
73 | Page
464 metres. Minimum mixing height measured was in February and October i.e. 85
metres. Maximum mixing height measured was in December i.e. 1791 meters.
Mean mixing height in periods of high/low convective activity
Month Mean mixing height in period of Mean mixing height in period of
high convective activity low convective activity
2013 2014 2013 2014
January 1142 1164 263 269
February 1265 1234 283 236
March 1216 1177 267 294
April 1237 1216 270 289
May 1206 1194 200 261
June 1298 1206 185 259
July - 1288 - 205
August 1262 - 260 -
September 1325 1363 234 273
October 1231 1369 242 263
November 1199 1274 248 228
December 1239 1451 276 311
In 2014 mean mixing height in the period of low convective activity was minimum
in July i.e. 205 meters followed by November i.e. 228 meters. Duration of high
convective activity was minimum in January and December. In 2013 mean mixing
height in the period of low convective activity was minimum in June i.e. 185 meters
followed by May i.e. 200 meters. Duration of high convective activity was minimum
in January and December.
High convective activity Periods of ABL 2014
Month 2013 2014
January 11 am to 4 pm or 5 pm Between 10 am & 12 pm to 5 pm
February 10 am or 11 am to 5 pm or 6 pm Between 9 am & 11 am to 5 pm or 6 pm
March 9 am or 10 am to 5 pm or 6 pm 9 am or 10 am to 6 pm
April 10 am to 6 pm 9 am or 10 am to 6 pm
May Between 8 am & 10 am to 6 pm 8 am or 9 am to 6 pm
June 10 am to 6 pm Between 7 am & 9 am to 6 pm or 7 pm
July - 7 am or 8am to 6 pm or 7 pm
August 8 am or 9 am to 6 pm or 7 pm -
September Between 8 am & 10 am to 6 pm 8 am or 9 am to 6 pm
October 9 am to 5 pm or 6 pm Between 8 am & 10 am to 5 pm or 6 pm
November 10 am or 11 am to 4 pm or 5 pm Between 9am & 11 am to 4pm or 5 pm
December Between 10 am & 12 pm to 4 pm or 11 am to 5 pm
5 pm
Diurnal variation of mixing height for the month of January 2014 is shown in
figure.
74 | Page
Diurnal
Diurnal variation
variation of height
of mixing mixing- january
height -2014
January 2014
2000
1800 Mean
1600
mixing height (mtrs.)
1400 Jan. 2 day with

maximum
1200 mixing
Jan. 1
1000
800
Jan. 22 day
600 with minimum
mixing
400 Jan. 29
200
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
TIME
Emissions Trading Scheme for Particulate Matter in Stationary Sources

(Stack)
MOEF&CC, Central Pollution Control Board and the State Pollution Control Boards
of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu since 2011 have been working on an
innovative project to design, pilot and evaluate an emissions trading system for
particulate matter, Indias most acute air pollution problem. The project objectives
involve the rollout of Continuous Monitoring for particulates followed by the use
of this high quality data to implement market based regulation of pollutants. The
key benefit of emissions trading as a regulator tool would be to reduce the cost of
emissions reduction from industries in the selected pilot clusters and to incentivize
plants by rewarding those who make the largest emission reductions. In addition, the
use of Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS) to monitor PM emissions
can enable the use of better-targeted regulatory restrictions and also greatly improve
the information and ability of regulators to monitor industry.
ETS was taken up for 1,000 industries in Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu.
In each state, the SPCB has selected regions with high industrial particulate matter
emissions and/or high ambient PM concentrations. Within each region, participating
industries were chosen based on a number of criteria envisaged to target the most
highly polluting industries where installation of CEMS was deemed feasible.
The project has been designed as a phased randomized control trial enabling
rigorous experimental evaluation of the benefits of the regulatory innovations
implemented. Jameel Poverty Action Lab South Asia (M/s J-PAL) was engaged as
Design Phase consultant to MoEF and as a Research Consultant to CPCB for the
Baseline Phase.
75 | Page
Key milestones achieved in Phase 1 (November 2011- March 2014)

Development of CEMS standards
Comprehensive technical standards for the measurement of industrial PM
emissions, developed and published by the CPCB in November 2013.
Capacity building for SPCB staff and industries
Detailed trainings on CEMS and ETS for SPCB staff and for industrial
associations, CEMS vendors, environmental labs and participating industry
conducted.
Data Acquisition and Handling System (DAHS) Centres
Finalized hardware requirements for Centres at CPCB and each SPCB
formulated.
Key milestones achieved in Phase 2 (April 2014- March 2015)
Baseline Survey completed
o Detailed baseline questionnaire was developed and piloted. Survey includes
environmental performance (stack PM emissions levels) and technical
survey of installed air pollution control equipment.
o Selection and tendering process with Research Consultant appointed
effected for baseline survey and environmental labs to undertake technical
survey and stack sampling.
o Baseline surveys and Stack Monitoring completed in Gujarat, Maharashtra
and Tamil Nadu in around 800 industries.
o Baseline deliverables and analytical outputs completed and draft submitted
to CPCB for its finalization.
CEMS installations in industries
o Over 100 industries in Gujarat and Maharashtra have issued purchase
order for CEMS and data access enabled at SPCBs following detailed
protocols developed in Design Phase.
o Successful evidence in field of viability and feasibility of specified
standards.
o CEMS devices, devices, have witnessed reduction in prices, due to
competition among vendors and negotiation by industry association.
o Data acquisition and handling server hardware installed in all three
states.
o Selection procedure for software vendor for development of official CPCB
software platform for data acquisition and handling of CEMS measurements
for ETS has been completed.
Next Phase of Activities for launching of ETS program in India
1. DAHS Software: Completion of development of the DAHS server software and
the ETS bridging software, incorporating the data validation protocol. The
other related components are:
76 | Page
Capacity Building Workshop on Air Quality Management in South Asia

The Capacity Building Workshop on Air Quality Management for South Asian
Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member states was held in New Delhi
from December 16 to 19, 2014. The programme was supported by UNEP and Ministry
of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India. Representatives
from all SAARC member states attended the four day programme. The workshop was
organized to discuss the common issues which make it difficult for the Asian countries
to achieve air quality goal. All the member countries presented their current status
of air pollution problems and existing remedial measures. The strategies proposed
in the workshop to bridge the gaps in monitoring includes strengthening of network
in a phased manner adoption of common harmonized protocol for monitoring, QA/
QC and data reporting, regular training for operators and adequate infrastructure
and manpower.
Implementation of Occupational Health & Safety Management System (OH &

SMS) in Central Pollution Control Board Laboratories
Central Pollution Control Board has been granted licence of Occupational Health
& Safety Management System certification in respect of All activities carried out
for testing of Environmental Samples in Air Laboratory, Bio-Science Laboratory,
Instrumentation Laboratory, Trace Organic Laboratory and Water Laboratory
including support services of Building Division at Central Pollution Control Board,
Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032 by Bureau of Indian Standards
in accordance with IS 18001: 2007. The present licence issued for three years is
valid from December 11, 2014.
Corrosion Map of India

CPCB in collaboration with National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR), Jamshedpur
has prepared corrosion map of India. The impact investigations consist of exposure
of metals for 4 years at 09 locations across the country followed by laboratory studies
of the material losses and analyses of corrosion products.
77 | Page
List of NGT Monitoring (Source and Ambient) 2014-15

Sl. Org. Application Industry/Location Parameters
No. No.
Source Monitoring
1 22/(THC) of 2013 M/s.Timarpur Okhla Waste PM, SO2, NO2, CO2, CO,
Management, Okhla, New Delhi O2, Dioxin, Furan Halides
(05 times) Metals
2 157 (THC)/2013 M/s. India Bulls Powers Ltd. PM
(Unit-I&II), Amravati, Maharashtra
3 24/2014 M/s. Kukreti Steels Pvt. Ltd., PM
Jasodharpur Indl. Area, Kotdwar
4 M/s. Amrit Varsha Steel Pvt. Ltd., PM
5 M/s. Podhar Ispat Pvt. Ltd., PM
6 M/s. Siddhbali Industries Ltd., PM, SO2
7 M/s. Uttaranchal Iron Ispat (Unit-I), PM, SO2
8 M/s. Kanhiya Steel, Jasodharpur PM
Indl. Area, Kotdwar
9 M/s. Kotdwar Steel Pvt. Ltd., PM
10 M/s. Pushkar Steel Pvt. Ltd., PM
11 M/s. Jai Mateshwari Steel Pvt. Ltd., PM
12 M/s. Sant Steel Pvt. Ltd., PM
78 | Page

No. No.
13 36/2012 M/s. Rathi Steel & Power Ltd., PM
Ghaziabad
14 - M/s. Hardua Ganj Thermal Power PM, SO2
Plant, Kasimpur, Aligarh
DG Sets Monitoring
15 17 (THC) of 2013 Gurunanak Sweets, SCO-20, Ph-I, O2, CO2, CO, SO2, NO2
Mohali, Punjab
16 Joy Land Shoe Palace, Phase-2,
Mohali
17 Indian Overseas Bank, SCO-23, Ph-I,
Mohali, Punjab
18 Strands Saloon, 8/1-F, 3B-2, Mohali
19 Pavitra Jewellery, SCO-113, 3B-2,
Mohali
20 Airtel Office, SCO-102, 3B-2, Mohali
21 Oriental Bank of Commerce, SCO-99,
3B-2, Mohali
22 Andhra Bank, SCO-93, Phase-7,
Mohali
23 Samsung Showroom, SCO-91,
Phase-7, Mohali
24 Spectrum Garments, SCO-85,
Phase-7, Mohali
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
25 24/2014 M/s. HRJ Steel Pvt. Ltd., Kotdwar, PM10,SO2, NO2
Uttarakhand
26 M/s. Himgiri Steel Pvt. Ltd., Kotdwar, PM10,SO2, NO2
Uttarakhand
27 Residents of Mr. Ved Prakash Dhyani, PM10,SO2, NO2
Kotdwar, Uttarakhand
28 Residents of Keshar Singh Bisht, PM10,SO2, NO2
29 Residents of Meharban Singh Rawat, PM10,SO2, NO2
30 70/2014 M/s. Krishna Stone Crushers, Bhiwani, SPM
Haryana
31 M/s. Shiv Stone Crushers, Bhiwani, SPM
Haryana
32 M/s. Satyavir Stone Crushers, Bhiwani, SPM
Haryana
33 M/s. Vijay Stone Crushers, Bhiwani, SPM
Haryana
34 M/s. Dhrampal Stone Crushers, SPM
Bhiwani, Haryana
79 | Page

No. No.
35 01/2012 Ghazipur Police Station, Delhi PM10,SO2, NO2
36 Mayur Vihar Phase-I (Delhi) PM10,SO2, NO2
37 Maharaja Agrasen College, Vasundhara PM10,SO2, NO2
Enclave, Delhi
38 Appolo Hospital Sec.26, Noida, (U.P.) PM10,SO2, NO2
39 Avantika Hospital, Niti Khand-II, PM10,SO2, NO2
Indirapuram, Ghaziabad (U.P.)
40 UPPCB office, Noida, Sector- I, (U.P) PM10,SO2, NO2
41 22/THC of 2013 M/s. Timarpur Okhla Waste PM10,SO2, NO2
Management, Okhla, New Delhi
42 21 of 2014 Lajpat Nagar, Delhi PM2.5, PM10,SO2, NO2
VEHICULAR POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME IN INDIA

As a result of rapid economic growth, there is tremendous increase the numbers of
motor vehicles, the sales of motor vehicles in India have nearly tripled between 2001
and 2010. The emissions from vehicles are of immense concern as they are released
at ground level in proximity of our breathing zone and hence have maximum impact
on the general population. The measures for controlling vehicular emission in the
country are not confined to any single ministry; rather it various ministries work
collectively for reducing vehicular emission in the country. A brief on measures taken
up recently by the government for controlling vehicular pollution in the country are
as below
For new 4- wheelers, so far BS-IV mass emission standards along with its
commensurate fuel quality have been implemented in 60 cities of the country.
While BS-III is applicable in the rest of the country.
For 2/3 wheelers BS-III emission standard are applicable across the country
since 2010.
The Expert Committee on Auto Fuel Vision & Policy 2025 constituted by
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas has submitted its recommendations
in May 2014. The recommendations are however still to be approved by the
cabinet. The following recommendations pertaining to emission standards for
new vehicles have been made:-
Vehicle Category BS-IV BS-V BS-VI
2- wheelers 1st April 2016 1st April 2020 1st April 2024
3- wheelers 1st April 2016 1st April 2020 1st April 2024
4-wheelers 1st April 2017 1st April 2020 (New Models) 1st April 2024
1st April 2021 (Continuing Models)
The content of sulphur is 50 ppm in both BS-IV diesel & BS-IV gasoline while
at is 350 pppm in BS-III diesel and 150 ppm in BS-III gasoline.
Fuel Efficiency Norms for passenger cars have been notified by Ministry of
Power in consultation with BEE (Bureau of Energy Efficiency) for the year 2017
& 2022.
80 | Page
New PUC norms for BS IV vehicles (gasoline and diesel) have been implemented
since February 2013.
Presently CNG vehicles have been plying in around 70 cities of the country.
More than 11 lakh CNG vehicles have been plying all over the country and this
is around 8% of national vehicle fleet. In Delhi more than 5.5 lakh CNG vehicles
have been plying. Further Delhi has worlds largest public transport system
that runs on CNG
The National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020 has been developed
for faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles in
India.
Strengthening and upgradation of the mass public transport has been done
through development of Metro, Buses, monorails etc. Further traffic management
has been addressed through development of road infrastructure, By-passes,
Bus Rapic Transit System (BRTS), etc.
ASSESSMENT OF POLLUTION GENERATED FROM THE ROAD TRANSPORT
SECTOR IN SIX CITIES
A study on assessment of pollution generated by the road transport sector in six
cities was taken up by CPCB along with The Energy & Resource Institute (TERI).
The six cities assessed were Ahmadabad, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Patna, Lucknow &
Sholapur (These cities were selected from the list of 16 polluted cities identified by
the Honble Supreme Court of India). The study aimed at estimation of pollution load
from road transport sector, assessment of load from different categories of vehicles,
identification of vehicle segment that is contributing most towards total pollution
load and development of city specific action plan for containing vehicular pollution
in these cities. The final report of the study has been prepared.
Ambient Air Quality at Agra:
CPCB is carrying out monitoring of ambient air quality in Agra at Four locations
viz. Tajmahal, Etmad-ud-daulah, Rambagh (all protected monuments) and Nunhai
(Industrial Area) since 2002.The monitoring of SPM, PM10, SO2 & NO2 continued at
all the four stations during 2014-15 whereas PM 2.5 monitoring was carried out at
one location during the year.
The analysis of the data for the period is presented at table. The AAQM data indicated
that the monitoring station at Tajmahal represents the lowest pollutant concentration
while Nunhai monitoring station, being Industrial area exhibited highest level of
pollutant concentration among all the four locations.
The annual average value of particulate matter (PM10) was found in the range of
156g/m3 (Tajmahal) to 215g/m3 (Nunhai). At Itmad-ud-daulah the annual
average of PM10 concentration was 191g/m3 and at Rambagh 177g/m3. The
81 | Page
PM10 concentrations at all the stations were higher than the notified annual average
standard of 60g/m3. Exceedence Factor (EF) was found to be 2.6, 3.2, 3.0, 3.6 at
Tajmahal, Etmad-ud-daulah, Rambagh & Nunhai respectively.
The annual average concentration of SO2 ranged between 4g/m3 (Tajmahal &
Itmad-ud-daulah) to 5g/m3 (Rambagh & Nunhai) which was well below the annual
average standard of 20g/m3. Annual average values of NO2 were found below the
annual standard value 30g/m3 at all stations except Nunhai, where it was recorded
32g/m3.
The annual average concentration of SPM (PM10) was observed to be in the range of
283g/m3 (Tajmahal) 452g/m3 (Nunhai), while at Itmad-ud-daulah the values
were 335g/m3 and at Rambagh 356g/m3.
Table : AAQM Data-2014-15 (all values are in g/m3 except SD, EF)
Monitoring Stations SO2 NO2 PM10 SPM*
Tajmahal Avg. 4 17 156 283
max 5 33 307 496
min 4 10 52 125
EF 0.2 0.6 2.6 4.0
SD 0.4 6.9 74.5 105.3
Etmad-ud-daulah Avg. 4 23 191 335
max 5 42 394 577
min 4 13 62 160
EF 0.2 0.8 3.2 4.8
SD 0.4 9.8 94.6 115.9
Rambagh Avg. 5 24 177 356
max 6 40 334 590
min 4 16 72 188
EF 0.2 0.8 3.0 5.1
SD 0.7 7.0 74.7 116.9
Nunhai Avg. 5 32 215 452
max 8 51 412 671
min 4 19 78 209
EF 0.3 1.1 3.6 6.5
SD 1.4 9.3 98.1 136.5
Annual Std. 70* (as per
20 30 60
1994 std.)
82 | Page
Itmad-ud-daulah in Agra-2014-15
83 | Page
PM2.5 Profile at Tajmahal

The air quality monitoring with respect to PM2.5 was carried out at Tajmahal
monitoring station during the year (2014). It was observed that the monthly average
values of PM2.5 were higher during winter and lower during summer and monsoon
months.
The PM2.5 data was found in the range 28g/m3 (August) to 246g/m3 (November) with
annual average of 92g/m3, (EF of 2.3) which is higher than the annual standard i.e.
40g/m3. High values of PM 2.5 (Fine particulate matter) may be attributed to calm
weather conditions (low atmospheric mixing heights) during winter months. On the
basis of SPM, PM10 & PM 2.5 monitoring at Tajmahal, it was observed that various
fractions of particulate matter are present as PM2.5- 33%, PM (10-2.5) 23% and PM
(100-10) 44%.
84 | Page
Yearly Trend of Air Quality in Agra (2002-2014):

As per the direction of the Honble Supreme Court, CPCB is monitoring the
ambient air quality in Agra at Four location viz. Tajmahal, Etmad-ud-daulah,
Rambagh (all are protected monuments) and Nunhai (Industrial Area) since
2002. The AAQM data collected during 2002 to 2014 of four monitoring
parameters has been plotted as below.
In general, the concentration of SPM (PM100) has decreased since 2002 at
all monitoring stations in Agra. The annual average of SPM during 2014 was
observed lower by 26.3%, 29.6%, 27.0% and 34.7% at Tajmahal, Etmad-ud-
daulah, Rambagh and Nunhai respectively with respect to concentration values
of SPM (PM100) in 2002.
Particulate matter (PM10) concentration levels exceed the prescribed National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (60g/m3) for sensitive areas at all stations
in Agra. Only moderate increase have been observed in PM10 levels over the
years (147 g/m3 in 2002 to 152 g/m3 in 2014) at Tajmahal despite manifold
increase in pollution sources like vehicles and other commercial activities in
the city.
The annual average concentration of SO2 and NO2 was remained almost
constant during the study period at all locations and was within the notified
ambient air quality standards (SO2: 20g/m3 & NO2:30g/m3), except for NO2
at Nunhai industrial area. No significant variation have been observed in the
concentration of SO2 & NO2 year to year at all the stations.
85 | Page
86 | Page
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring in Lucknow (2014-15)

The Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station at Vikas khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow
(residential area) has facility to monitor the pollutants viz. PM10, PM2.5,SO2 and NO2,
twice a week.
PM10 are monitored at 8-hourly intervals and gaseous sampling is at conducted

4-hourly intervals whereas, PM2.5 sampling is generally carried out at 24-hourly
intervals. The air samples are processed in the laboratory of CPCB, Zonal Office
Lucknow using standard methods.
The trend of monthly average concentration of pollutants monitored and annual

average during the year is depicted in following graphs;
Monthly Variation in PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 (2014-15)

Standards: PM10: 100 PM2.5: 60 NO2: 80
PM10 PM2.5 NO2

360
330
300
Concentration (ug/m3)
270
240
210
180
150
120
90
60
30
0
Jan
April
Sept
Oct
Nov
Feb
May
June
July
Dec
March
Aug
Month
87 | Page
Annual Concentration of Pollutants in g/m3 (2014-15)

observed Concentrations Standards
194
105
60
40 35 30
PM10 PM2.5 NO2
Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (CAAQM) at Lucknow

A network of three Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations has been
set up under the project Private Participation in the Management of Continuous Ambient Air
Quality Monitoring Stations /Network under operation contract. Stations are being operated and
maintained by Environment S.A France and Environment SA (India) Pvt. Ltd.and the
data of various air pollutants including meteorological data are being disseminated
online. Observations and trends of air pollutants monitored at all the three stations
during the year 2014-15 are summarized below:
A. KendriyaVidyalaya (Central School), Aliganj:
Area Category: Residential (Latitude- 26o542.2 N, Longitude- 80o5653.6 E)
Parameters monitored: Temperature, Relative Humidity, Wind Speed, Wind
Direction, Vertical Wind Speed, Barometric Pressure, Solar Radiation, SO2, NO, NO2,
NOx, PM10, O3, CO, Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, MP-Xylene and O-Xylene.
Table : Annual status of various parameters monitored at
Kendriya Vidyalaya (Central School), Aliganj during 2014-2015
Parameters Unit Mean value Min. value Max. value
Nitrogen Monoxide (NO) (g/m3) 18.75 3.84 68.81
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) (g/m3) 31.97 12.03 56.18
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) (ppb) 34.76 13.31 87.33
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) (g/m3) 8.86 3.81 16.66
Carbon Monoxide (CO) (g/m3) 1036.89 477.02 2238.48
Ozone (O3) (g/m3) 30.35 11.27 39.59
PM10 (g/m3) 228.02 162.92 423.50
Benzene (C6H6) (g/m3) 3.41 1.46 6.29
Toluene (C7H8) (g/m3) 6.41 0.06 12.82
Ethyl Benzene (g/m3) 1.60 0.12 4.50
M+P-Xylene (g/m3) 3.23 0.41 5.66
O-Xylene (g/m3) 1.25 0.10 3.30
Temperature 0
C 24.22 11.32 34.56
Relative Humidity % 60.19 40.61 79.64
Wind speed m/s 2.02 0.13 10.65
Vertical Wind Speed m/s 0.15 0.01 0.68
BP mbar 1009.35 980.24 1016.19
Solar Radiation W/m2 163.45 39.75 300.07
88 | Page
Monthly Variation in PM10 at Kendriya Vidyalaya, Aliganj

(2014-2015)
Concentration in ug/m3 450.00
400.00
350.00
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00
Monthly Variation in CO at Kendriya Vidyalaya, Aliganj

(2014-2015)
2500.00
Concentration in ug/m3
2000.00
1500.00
1000.00
500.00
0.00
Monthly Variation in NO, NO2 & NOX at Kendriya

Vidyalaya,Aliganj (2014-15)
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00 NO g/m3
40.00
NO2 g/m3
30.00
NOX ppb
20.00
10.00
0.00
89 | Page
Monthly Variation in O3 at Kendriya Vidyalaya,Aliganj

(2014-15)
45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
Monthly Variation in SO2 at Kendriya Vidyalaya,Aliganj

(2014-15)
18.00
16.00
14.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
Monthly Variation in BTX at Kendriya Vidyalaya, Aliganj

(2014-2015)
14.00
12.00
10.00
8.00 Benzene
6.00 Toluene
Ethyle Benzene
4.00
MP Xylene
2.00 O Xylene
0.00
B. Dayanidhan Park, Lalbagh:

Area Category: Commercial (Latitude- 26o5046.4 N, Longitude- 80o5616.5 E)

NOx, PM10, O3, CO, Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, MP-Xylene, O-Xylene.
90 | Page
Table-2: Annual status of various parameters monitored at DN

Park, Lalbagh during 2014-2015
Ozone (O3) (g/m3) 31.97 11.98 52.11
PM10 (g/m3) 207.29 146.45 345.41
Benzene (C6H6) (g/m3) 2.78 1.33 3.51
Toluene (C7H8) (g/m3) 7.21 4.10 9.85
Ethyl Benzene (g/m3) 2.99 0.56 5.50
M+P-Xylene (g/m3) 3.24 0.70 6.49
O-Xylene (g/m3) 0.91 0.11 1.69
Temperature 0
C 26.35 10.53 40.48
Wind speed m/s 1.92 0.48 3.52
Vertical Wind Speed m/s 0.58 0.01 1.32
BP mbar 1007.95 991.52 1017.63
Solar Radiation W/m2 164.50 70.57 433.76
Monthly Variation in PM10 at DN Park, Lalbagh (2014-15)

400.00
350.00
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00
Monthly Variation in CO at DN Park, Lalbagh (2014-15)
3000.00
2500.00
2000.00
1500.00
1000.00
500.00
0.00
91 | Page
Monthly Variation in SO2 at DN Park, Lalbagh (2014-15)
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
Monthly Variation in NO, NO2 & NOX at DN Park, Lalbagh

(2014-15)
45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00 NO g/m3
15.00 NO2 g/m3
10.00 NOX ppb
5.00
0.00
Monthly Variation in O3 at DN Park, Lalbagh (2014-15)
60.00
Concentration in ug/me
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
92 | Page
Monthly Variation in BTX at DN Park, Lalbagh (2014-15)
12.00
10.00
8.00
Benzene
6.00 Toluene
Ethyle Benzene
4.00
MP Xylene
2.00 O Xylene
0.00
C. Talkatora Industrial Area, Talkatora:

Area Category: Industrial (Latitude- 26o504.1 N, Longitude- 80o5342.0 E)

NOX, PM10, NH3, CO, Methane, Non-Methane, Total Hydrocarbon.
Table-3: Annual status of various parameters monitored at
Talkatora Industrial Area, Talkatora during 2014-2015
Ammonia (NH3) (g/m ) 3
32.73 0.57 220.11
PM10 (g/m ) 3
261.67 61.54 537.28
Methane (CH4) (g/m ) 3
474.25 99.74 931.99
Non-Methane Hydrocarbon (g/m3) 413.33 38.58 726.91
Total Hydrocarbon (g/m3) 830.00 158.91 1297.32
Temprature 0
C 26.25 14.59 37.45
Wind speed m/s 2.01 0.92 3.33
Vertical Wind Speed m/s 0.17 -0.28 1.41
BP mbar 1003.52 916.60 1019.49
Solar Radiation W/m 2
187.71 29.58 394.90
93 | Page
Monthly Variation in NO, NO2 & NOx at Talkatora (2014-15)
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00 NO g/m3
30.00 NO2 g/m3
20.00 NOX ppb
10.00
0.00
Monthly Variation in NH3 at Talkatora (2014-15)

250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00
Monthly Variation in SO2 at Talkatora (2014-15)

14.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
94 | Page
Monthly Variation in PM10 at Talkatora (2014-15)

600.00
500.00
400.00
300.00
200.00
100.00
0.00
Monthly Variation in CO at Talkatora (2014-15)

2500.00
2000.00
1500.00
1000.00
500.00
0.00
Monthly Variation in Hydro Carbons at Talkatora (2014-15)
1400.00
1200.00
1000.00
800.00 CH4
600.00
NMHC
400.00
THC
200.00
0.00
95 | Page
Ambient Air Quality of Kolkata City

Regular Monitoring of SO2, NOx and RSPM is being conducted round the clock on
all working days in Kolkata at South end Conclave Kasba area. The data is being
disseminated on website of CPCB. Monthly average of RSPM, NOx and SO2 is given
in Table.
Result in the Table indicates:
Average values of RSPM ranges between 71.6 g /m3 to 244.9 g /m3 on monthly
basis.
RSPM concentration was observed high in the month of April, May, June, July
and October to March. From August to September comparatively lower values
were observed.
It is observed that values of RSPM shows an increasing trend over the year.
Reason for higher RSPM in Kolkata may be attributed to vehicular pollution,
bad road Condition, suspension of natural dust and high wind velocity.
NO2 Concentration ranges between 12.7 g /m3 to 85.0 g /m3. In the month
of November high value of NO2 Concentration was observed.
SO2 was observed very low all over the year i.e. in the range of 0.9 to 29.6 g /
m3 and is not a parameter of concern.
Table : Air Quality Characteristics in Kolkata
Month RSPM (g/m3) SO2 (g/m3) NO2 (g/m3)
Average Average Average
April,2014 127.2 5.9 26.3
May 168.2 4.9 19.2
June 129.4 2.1 16.8
July 130.2 2.0 21.5
August 71.6 0.9 12.7
September 97.0 2.0 16.9
October 102.3 9.8 41.4
November 217.8 27.2 85.0
December 244.9 29.6 75.7
January,2015 214.9 22.0 65.5
February 167.1 20.0 48.3
March 124.7 8.9 48.1
96 | Page
300
250
200
150 RSPM (g/m3)

100 Average
50 SO2 (g/m3)
Average
0
NO2 (g/m3)
Average
Status of Particulate Pollution in terms of PM10 and PM2.5 in selected commercial

and industrial locations in Eastern India
Atmospheric inhalable particulate matter with reference to PM2.5 demands wide
attention due to adverse impact on human health. The sources of PM2.5 and
PM10 are numerous in commercial area and industrial towns in Eastern India.
Regular monitoring to evaluate the PM10 and PM2.5 concentration and their
associated chemical composition is an emergent need. Considering the CPCB,
Zonal office Kolkata has undertaken monitoring for measurement of PM10 and
PM2.5 mass concentration in Eastern India.
The study was carried out in four selected commercial locations at Orissa and
six industrial locations (two at Jharkhand and four at West Bengal) in Eastern
India. In case of six industrial locations, Particulate matter in terms of Coarse
(PM10) and Fine particles (PM2.5) was estimated during pre-monsoon season only,
whereas in case of commercial locations at Orissa Particulate was estimated
during Monsoon season only. Limited study reveals that for Industrial locations
at Durgapur-Asansol region average concentration of PM10 ranged where
27860 g/m3 while it was 5017g/m3 for PM2.5. In the regions, percentage
contribution of PM2.5 is 16-21% in PM10.Whereas for Industrial locations at
Dhanbad-Jamadoba area average concentration of PM10 was 14030 g/m3
while it was 4010g/m3 for PM2.5. In these region, percentage contribution of
PM2.5 is 26-28% in PM10. Moreover for commercial locations at Bhubaneswar,
Orissa region PM10 and PM2.5 values vary between 303 g/m3 and 234 g/m3
respectively in Monsoon season only.
Moreover the data generated are not adequate to draw any conclusion.
To get comprehensive source profile, ionic characterization and metal profile of
the particulate sample is needed.
97 | Page
Status of Bakeries and Confectionaries in Eastern India

Bakery is a traditional activity and occupies an important place in food processing
industry. The bakery manufacturers in India can be differentiated into three broad
segments of bread, biscuits and cake. About half of the bakery industry in India is
in the organized sector, while the balance comprises of unorganized, small scale
local manufacturer. The bakery units are unevenly spread among States. These are
mainly concentrated in the States of Maharashtra, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh. The CPCB team prepared a questionnaire based
on environmental aspects of bakery and confectionary processes and circulated
amongest the bakery units eastern region.
The salient points derived from the survey are:
In absence of adequate Effluent treatment system the bakery units contribute to

significant to organic pollution depending on the organic load few industries
has installed anaerobic treatment also.
Raw materials used for the product include flour, sugar, oil, yeast culture,
milk-powder, soda, salt, essence permitted colour etc.
Oil and grease air at concern in effluent along with BOD
The baking or frying operations are sustained by using either electrical oven
or oil/gas fired burners. Altogether eliminating the particulate emission
problem.
Solid process waste is generally recycled or used as cattle or fish feed
ETP sludge is designated as non-hazardous and industries allocate for
gardening.
Units visited were found discharging their effluent to the public sewer.
Status of Thermal Power Plant Fly-Ash Management
In the Eastern Region Thermal Power Plant having capacity exceeding 100 MW are
considered for the Status of Pollution Control, fly ash management and performance
evaluation of Air Pollution Control equipments. TPPs are major consumers of coal
and water. Most of them are located on the bank of River Ganga or River Brahmani.
Rivers are used as a source of water supply as well as discharge of treated waste
water. The CPCB team prepared a questionnaire based on environmental aspects
of Thermal Power Plant processes and circulated among various plant in Eastern
Region. The information received was compiled to generate a comprehensive database
regarding their environmental management scenario.
98 | Page
The project team have conducted dry visit to the following Thermal Power Plants and
collected field data.
M/s Bhusan Power & Steel Ltd. Sambalpur

Titagarh Thermal Power Station, Kolkata
Haldi Energy Ltd.
Durgapur Project Ltd.
Southern Generation Ltd., Kolkata
NTPC Farakka
Bakreshwar Thermal Power Plant, Durgapur
Bandel Thermal Power Plant, Bandel
Kolaghat Thermal Power Plant, Kolaghat
Jindal Stainless Ltd, Jajjpur
NSPCL NTPC, Rourkela
The observation of the study are as follow:
Most of the above units have adequate stack monitoring facilities. Environment
Management Division esusts in major TPPs.
Most of the units rely upon high ash content coal as per availability in the
region however, to comply with the Gazette notification, some plants are using
low ash content coal (imported coal) for blending with existing coal to minimize
the ash generation.
The coal consumption was found varying from 0.6 kg/KWhr to 1 kg/KWHr
which is dependent upon various factors like ash content, volatile matter,
calorific value of coal etc.
Plant Load Factor (PLF) is maintained approximately 80-95% and low PLF
values implies decrease in power efficiency which in turn generates more
pollutants. However, PLF is completely dependent on power demand and some
plants achieved PLF upto 108%.
At Coal storage yards, water guns are unstalled to prevent any fire hazard.
Other areas like coal crushing units, ash loading units, transfer points are
equipped with bag filters to minimize fugitive emission.
Quality of coal is critical for ESPs performance. The ash content of the coal
supplied to power plant ranges from 30-40% and is sometimes more than 45%.
ECL, CCL coal the ash content again better 30-40% ash but MCL coal contains
50-55% ash.
99 | Page
Stack height is dependent upon SOx generation and particulate matter

dispersion. The indigenous coal having low Sulphur content (upto 1%) SOx
emissians range between 70-110 mg/Nm3.
NSPCL
N IPCL
DPSC
1% 5% 5% 5 DPL
14000
5%
12000 WBPDC
CL CESC
10000 31% 9%
8000
6000
4000
NTPC
2000 16%
0
DVC
28%
Electricity Production (MW) % Share of Po
ower Generatio
on
Fig.: Power generation in four Fig.: Power generation share in West

states Bengal
Air Quality of Bengaluru :

Air Pollution Modelling
The objective of the scheme aimed to predict the present air quality at Bengaluru city
and to develop air quality modelling for future. In the first phase, the impact of stack
emissions and DG sets emissions on ambient air quality in Peenya Industrial area,
Bengaluru was studied being the largest and oldest industrial area in Bengaluru.
AERMOD 8.6 dispersion model was used to predict the maximum ground level
concentration of pollutants in order to assess the cumulative impact of emission to
the surrounding environment.
The study was confined to two seasons, winter and summer. The 24 hourly ground
level concentrations have been predicted for PM, SO2 & NOx to assess the impact on
receptors. The results revealed that PM concentration exceeds the NAAQS in both
the seasons at the receptor locations. The impact of pollution with respect to PM is
very significant and the exceedance factor is above 1.5 times which indicates the
critical air pollution. The SO2 and NOx concentration are well within the NAAQS.
The peenya CAAQM station of CPCB was considered as reference point and the
model run results confirm that CAAQM station is very close to the predicted high
polluting locations. Hence the suitability and continuance of the station is highly
relevant.
100 | Page
Fig. : Contour plot of PM for Fig. : Contour plot of SO2 for

summer season summer season
Study of Total PAH in ambient air in the zone

Based on the NAMP data, few cities in Southern zone were identified as non-
attainment cities w.r.t Particulate Matter. Hence ambient particulate matter was
analysed for the chemical composition with respect to PAH, anions and cations to
identify the sources of pollution so as to control pollution at source.
The study was carried out in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Telangana, Karnataka, Goa and
Pondicherry. Samples were extracted from PM10 filter papers, concentrated for
PAH and then analysed using Gas Chromatograph equipped with Flame Ionisation
Detector. Out of the 16 PAHs, only five PAHs such as Benzo (b) Fluranthene, Benzo
(a) Pyrene, Dibenzo (a, h) pyrene, indenopyrene, Benzo (ghi) pyrene were identified.
The findings of the study reflect:
Among the analysed anions, Cl- and SO42-were found to be in higher concentration
compared to NO3-, and F- ions at all 6 states. Phosphate and Bromide were not
detected during the study.
The trend of ionic contribution in decreasing order at all 4 states is SO42- > Cl- >
NO3- > F-
Among cations only sodium and calcium were detected during April and May
2014
101 | Page
10 Kerala
Anion (g/m3) Tamilnadu
8
5 6
F- 4 F-
Anion (g/m3
2
0 Cl- 0 Cl2-
NO3- Br-
SO42- NO3-
Telangana Kerala
15 6
10 F-
Anion (g/m3
Cation (g/m3
4
5 Cl2- 2 Na+
0 0
NO3- Ca2+
SO42-
Goa
Anion (g/m3
10
F-
5
0 Cl2-
Panaji Vasco SO42-
Fig. : Average concentration (Jan-Aug. 2014) of anion and

cation in g/m3 in four states.
Operation and Maintenance of Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

(CAAQM) stations at Bengaluru and Chennai.
To strengthen continuous ambient air quality monitoring network in the country,
12 CAAQMS were established under private participation project. The zonal
office (Bengaluru) is supervising operation of six Continuous Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring Stations (CAAQMS) three each at Bengaluru namely 1. BTM Layout, 2.
BWSSB, Marathalli and 3. Peenya and Chennai namely 1. Alandur, 2. IITM, Adayar
and 3. Manali. The locations are selected based on residential area, commercial area
and industrial area. The monitoring stations are equipped with various analysers
as to measure about fifteen pollutants and seven meteorological parameters. These
monitoring stations are equipped with multipoint calibrators by which each analyser
can be calibrated as and when required on schedule basis.
The processed data reveals that the average data capture rate in Bengaluru was
79.9% and in Chennai 63.5% during the year 2013. The data generated by these
monitoring stations are linked with local and central networking apart from
102 | Page
disseminating online data through digital display board to public at each monitoring
site. The disseminated data helps the general public in understanding the pollution
levels at any point on time. In addition the decision takers can take appropriate
actions based on severity of pollution levels in different areas.
Statistical Analysis and Interpretation of Continuous Ambient Air Quality

(CAAQM) data at Bengaluru and Chennai
Continuous Ambient Air Quality (CAAQM) data at Bengaluru and Chennai were
Statistical Analysed using various components like correlation study, regression
analysis and other statistical tools. The wind rose & pollution rose were plotted
using the software PAVANAAREKH to analyse the dominant wind direction and
dispersion of pollutants around the stations.
Daily and monthly (seasonal) behaviours and trends in data were studied from
2011. The study helps to establish whether, and the extent to which, concentrations
of air pollutants have changed over the time period in relation to industrial and
community development.
Assessment of Environmental Compliance of Electroplating Units in Bengaluru

Electroplating is a technique of deposition of a fine layer of one metal on another
through electrolytic process during which effluent containing toxic materials and
heavy metals, air emissions and solid wastes are discharged into the environment.
The electroplating units in Bengaluru are located in different industrial areas namely
Peenya, Rajajinagar, Yeswanthpur the western part of the town & at Koramangala
in the south east, at Anekal, Bommasandra, Attibele, Hosur mostly in the southern
part of the town. This study was taken up, to assess the status of pollution control
measures taken by the electroplating industries in Bengaluru.
In the first phase of the study, 18 electroplating industries were inspected and five
ground water samples were also collected to assess the quality of ground water at
Peenya Industrial Area. In the second phase of the study, 10 electroplating industries
were inspected at Veersandra and Bommasandra Industrial Area along with KSPCB
officials during 2014 -2015.
The first and second phase of the study in Peenya industrial estate, Veersandra
and Bommasandra Industrial Area revealed that majority of the units are tiny &
small scale units involved in job work without maintaining records of raw material
used, production, water consumption. The unscientific storage & management of
effluent, poor housekeeping, inadequate pollution control measures and unskilled
manpower are leading to pollution threats affecting the environment and ground
water in the vicinity. The suggestions for betterment of the situation includes
relocation of industries in designated industrial estates, to keep track on production
details as well as the job work details to whom they are providing service to make
accountability, to make mandatory to obtain consent proper management of effluent,
103 | Page
adoption of cleaner technology and installation of dedicated CETP meant to treat the
electroplating industries effluent. This will help minimise the pollution load from
electroplating units and elimineted the possibility of ground water pollution further
in the Peenya industrial area.
Assessment of Pollution from Textile Dyeing units located in Tirupur, Tamil

Nadu and measures taken to achieve ZLD
In Tirupur around 729 textile dyeing units are under operation and these units
generate around 96.1 MLD of wastewater which after treatment in CETPs individual
ETPs is discharged into river. As the units failed to meet the discharge standards
of TDS and chlorides and their industrial dischage significantly affected the river
water quality. High Court in 2006 directed the dyeing units to install Zero Liquid
Discharge plant.
During Phase-I of the study, 6 CETPs and 3 Individual ETPs were monitored to
verify the pollution control measures adopted to achieve ZLD. In second phase of
study samples from 3 CETPs & 3 IETPs and ground/surface were collected along
the Noyyal River to assess the quality of ground/surface water. The study revealed
that individual ETPs and CETPs in Tirupur have implemented ZLD by installing
Physico-chemical, biological and tertiary treatments viz combination of Nano
filtration, ultrafiltration and Reverse osmosis to recover water and brine solution.
The water so recovered through RO is recycled in the process and thereby fresh
water consumption is reduced by 75-85%. For Ro Reject management CETPs IETPs
have installed combination of MVR and MEE and are recovering salt in terms of Pure
salt (60 -75 %) and impure salt (20-40 %). None of the CETPs or IETPs is practising
100% salt recovery through advanced concentration techniques, still 5-10 % of
concentrated mother liquor is being sent to solar evaporation ponds. The pure salt
recovered is utilised in their process while the impure salt is stored in storage shed
and is a disposal problem. The Lime sludge generated from chemical treatment is
sent to cement industries for co-processing. The CETPs/IETPs handling combined
sludge from chemical and biological system are facing sludge disposal problem.
Study of Solvent Recovery systems installed in Pharmaceutical and Pesticide

Manufacturing units in South Zone
Organic solvents are used in Pesticide and pharmaceutical industries as reaction
media and for separation & purification of synthesis products. As per Charter on
Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP), the efficiency of
solvent recovery should be at least 90%. This study was taken up to assess the
actual status of recovery, reconditioning and reuse of solvent in the Pharmaceutical
and Pesticide industry.
The work is divided into two phases; first phase was carried out in pesticide sector
while second phase was in Pharmaceutical. The operational status of pesticide
104 | Page
industries in Southern zone was obtained from concerned SPCBs and through
questionnaire survey followed with indepth study. The study mainly focused to
obtain/ assess the solvent recovery system with respect to their types, boiling point,
and operational temperature etc., and also the condensers (primary, secondary,
tertiary and common vent condensers) are in place.
In the first phase of study, the identified pesticide industries were inspected based on
questionnaire survey and VOC monitoring was also carried out. In the second phase
of the study, the pharmaceutical industries were identified based on questionnaire
survey and two industries inspected to study the solvent recovery system.
The findings of the study indicates that, the pesticide industries generally use
solvents like Ethylene Di chloride (EDC), Hexane, Dimethyl Carbonate, Toluene, Iso
propyl Alcohol etc., Both ground level (Horizontal & Vertical) and Underground or
mounded storage tanks with breather valve cum flame arrester are provided. Based
on the mass balance approach, the estimated solvent recovery and loss from the
system varies between 81.7 to 96.66 % and 3.34 to 18.3 %. It also confirmed the
presence of VOCs in the ambient air; the reported compounds are Carbon Tetra
Chloride, Ethyl Benzene, Toluene, Bromo Benzene etc.
Study of Mercury emission from Non Ferrous industries in South Zone
Mercury and its compounds are highly toxic which cause and are of various
significant ailments. Mercury occurs naturally in coal and its content in Indian coal
ranges between 0.01 ppm to 1.1 ppm. Assuming the average mercury content in
Indian coal to be 0.25 ppm, large quantity of unintentional mercury is released into
the environment. The coal consumption in thermal power plants alone is estimated
to release around 59.29 tons per annum of mercury.
Phase-I of the study was carried out in Thermal Power Plants and phase-II was
carried out in lead and zinc smelters. The study is taken to explore the quantity of
mercury emitted into air and soil environment by monitoring, analysis & applying
certain mathematical models to design appropriate treatment technology.
Fig. : Low Volume VOC sampler Fig. : A case of total VOC in the ambient
105 | Page
Fig. 9: Solvent Vapour Recovery System

Monitoring of AYUSH facilities
National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers vide its letter dated
October 31, 2014 indicated that that wastes generated from AYUSH hospitals are
disposed in their own indigenous ways which may contribute to soil and environment
pollution and cause serious public hazards. It was also felt that CPCB should devise
guidelines for AYUSH hospital for waste disposal. In response to this, H.O requested
all zonal offices to inspect AYUSH hospital and to verify the compliance w.r.to the
provisions of Biomedical waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998 as amended.
In this connection, this office inspected ten AYUSH facilities across Southern India
covering hospitals Ayurveda falling under Unani and Siddha.
During the inspection it was observed that the Maintenance of AYUSH hospitals
are not much aware about the prevailing Rules and Acts as applicable and also
do not have much knowledge about the impacts of its untreated discharges into
environment. Hence it is suggested that awareness programmes should be conducted
at national and state levels on priority to create the awareness about pollution control
aspects among all stake holders.
Monitoring of co-processing of Hazardous wastes in Cement plant during trail

run
The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling & Trans boundary Movement)
Rules, 2008, provided for a specific Section i.e. Rule 11 dedicated to utilization of
Hazardous Wastes as a supplementary resource or energy recovery or after processing.
Under this provision M/s JSW Steel Ltd., Pottaneri, Mechari, Mettur Taluk Salem
District, has obtained permission from CPCB to utilise Iron Oxide (process waste)
generated from Illemnite Chemical Beneficiation plant of M/s Kerala Minerals &
Metals Ltd., (KMML) Kerala as a raw material in Sinter Plant. M/s Dalmia Cement
Bharat Ltd., Ariyalur Cement Plant, Ariyalur have been accorded permission from
TNPCB to conduct trail run for the co-processing of tannery ETP sludge in the cement
kiln to utilise 3000 Tonne of tannery ETP sludge using various proportions 1 %, 1.5
106 | Page
% and 2 % respectively. During Trail run officials from this office jointly monitored
along with State Board officials and witnessed the trail run.
Monitoring of Episodal Accidents in Industries/ ETP/CETP/ TSDF etc.

In reference to news Telecasted in Tamil news channels and news published in
the leading English News Paper dated January 31, 2015 and February 01, 2015
regarding accidental death of 10 peoples at tannery located near to M/s Ranipet
SIDCO Finished Leather Effluent Treatment Co. Ltd., (Phase 1), Ranipet, Vellore
District, Tamilnadu on January 31, 2015, the officer from Zonal Office visited the
accident place to investigate the cause for accident and prepared detailed report
including preventive measures to be taken to avoid such accidents.
Subsequently, Ammonia gas leak occurred in M/s Madras Fertilizer Ltd, Manali,
Chennai on February 2, 2015 and the same was published in Tamil newspapers.
The officials from this inspected the industry and report submitted to H.O.
Chintan Shivir
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change organised two days Chintan
Shivir during 8th & 9th February, 2015 at National Institute of Advanced Studies
auditorium, IISc campus, Bengaluru. More than 200 officers from the field of Forest,
Environment, Pollution Control Boards and Scientists from nine states participated
in the event. The Honble Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
was present on both days and the suggestions/ideas given by the participants were
recorded for further action/implementation. The shivir was a grand success and
largely people-centric which enabled officers to share their experiences. During
the two days programme out of 200 participants, 64 interventions were made. The
Honble minister was present on both days and the suggestions/ideas given by the
participants were recorded for further action/implementation.
Assessment of microbiological load in Vrishabawathi Drain, Bengaluru

Vrishabawathi River as it was known as a tributary of River Arkavathy till 1970s,
which later transformed to be a major sewage drain passing through the heart
of Bengaluru city. The Vrishabawathi drain flow is sustained by sewage flow and
carries bulk of the city waste. It has its origin near a small hillock near Dodda
Ganapathi temple, Bull temple road, Basavangudi. As the Bengaluru city made
leaps and strides to a cosmopolitan metro city, the river died and turned to a sewage
drain. The river died completely when major sewer lines were connected to the river
and due to various commercial activities along the river banks. Now Vrishabawathi
drain meanders through the Bengaluru city from Sheshadripuram, Okalipuram,
Prakash Nagar, Guddadhalli, Bapuji Nagar, Rajarajeshwari Nagar, Kengeri,
Kumbalgodu, and Byramangala and eventually empties into Arkavathy River near
Kanakpura, Bengaluru rural district. The Vrishabawathi drain was monitored
107 | Page
for the microbiological load and helminths at five locations along the drain inside
Bengaluru city. Sampling was done at Near Mantri Mall, Okalipuram; Prakash Nagar;
Near Mysore road Satellite bus stand, Bapuji Nagar; Near Rajarajeshwari Arch and
Behind R. V. College, Rajarajeshwari Nagar. The last two sampling locations were
after the Vrishabawathi sewage treatment plant located at Rajarajeshwari nagar, off
Mysore road.
Total coliforms and feacal coliforms densities were higher in all samples (106 to
107 mL-1) and opportunistic pathogenic microbial load in terms of Pseudomonas,
Salmonella, Shigella and Staphylococcus were higher in all locations, however
pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 was not detected in any of the locations sampled. An
effort was made to assess the parasitic helminthes load in the sewage and a lower
load was observed as samples were not concentrated.
Table : Microbiological load at different sampling locations

L-O L-PN L-BN L-RA L-RVC
Organisms Media used
CFU ml -1
Total coliforms m-Endo agar 2.0x10 7

5.12x10 7
3.36x107 4.24x107 2.16x107
Fecal coliforms m-FC agar 1.36x107 3.6x107 2.48x107 2.08x107 1.12x107
E. coli / 1.76x107 2.88x107 2.64x107 1.44x107 2.72x107
Maconkey Sorbitol agar
E. coli O157: H7 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0
Pseudomonas spp. Cetrimide Agar 1.6x106 8.0x105 2.4x106 3.2x106 1.6x106
Salmonella Shigella
Salmonella spp. 8.8x106 2.08x107 1.52x107 7.2x106 8.8x106
agar
Salmonella Shigella
Shigella spp. 6.4x106 1.44x107 1.84x107 1.44x106 2.08x106
agar
Staphylococcus
Manitol Salt agar 1.84x107 2.48x107 2.0x107 8.0x106 2.88x107
spp.
Inspection of Chemfab Alkalis, Puducherry

In compliance with Honble National Green Tribunal, Principle Bench, New Delhi a
team consisting of experts from reputed organizations and Sh. Pattusamy, Sc-E from
this office inspected M/s Chemfab Alkalis Limited, Puducherry during Match 14-15,
2015. The team carried out detailed inspection and submitted report to Honble
NGT.
Modelling of Air Pollution Dispersion in a Cement industry and its Application

in Green Belt Design
In the present study, air pollution dispersion model was developed for a selected
cement industry in the southern Karnataka using ISCST3 software and the model
used for designing suitable green belt to attenuate air pollution. The particulate
matter (PM) emission load, CO2 and CO emission loads were calculated based
on the emission factors and production data. Gaussian dispersion model for PM,
108 | Page
CO2 and CO during summer and winter were developed to identify the major air
pollution impact area and impact on receptors such as agricultural land and villages
surrounding the industry.
The study revealed that continuous ambient air quality monitoring station may be
installed in the south and south west region by the industry for monitaring ambient
air quality monitoring south. The green belt should be developed in the south and
south west region within 1.2 kms from the industry. The plant species such as
Tectona Grandis, Eucalyptus Deglupta, Artocarpus Heterophyllus, Ficus Religiosa
are recommended to grow around the industry. Plantation of Acacia Auriculiformis,
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis, Bambuseae, Leucaena Leucocephala are not efficient in
carbon sequestration hence are not recommended for plantation.
Fig. : Plot of Particulate matter (PM10) for winter season month

of January and February
Impact Assessment of Un-Scientific, Rat-Hole Coal Mining in Meghalaya

About 1% of total coal produced in India (605.8 Mte in 2012) is from Meghalaya
mines, which practice a primitive method of mining often referred as rat-hole
mines. The mining in Meghalaya is not regulated as in the other part of the country
because of the special land right system. Unscientific and unsafe mining practices
result in high rate of accidents in mines and also lead to irreversible environmental
degradation.
Environmental impacts of rat hole coal mining practices in Meghalaya with its
associated issues has been reported by many agencies. Acidification of surface water
and scarcity of potable water are the burning issues arising out of the coal mining
activities in the State of Meghalaya. The impacts of haphazard mining activities on
water, air and soil environment are studied and discussed in this report.
This report brings out the status of coal mining in Meghalaya and recommends
certain immediate investigations and activities for managing of mining and its safety
and environmental issues.
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Coal Reserves AND COAL COMPOSITIONS in Meghalaya

The reserve of coal in the mineral rich state Meghalaya has been estimated to be
576 million metric tons, while the largest coal deposit in the state is found in East
Jaintia Hills and West Jaintia Hills districts. Sub-bituminous coal in this area is
spread across in South Garo Hills, East Garo Hills, West Khasi Hills, East Khasi
Hills, East Jaintia Hills and West Jaintia Hills districts.
However, it should be noted that Meghalaya Coal has not been graded so far by Coal
Controller in the country. It is normally considered as non-coking Coal. Till recently,
when coal was extracted only from the Eastern part of Meghalaya, especially Jaintia
Hills District, Meghalaya coal was considered to be a high sulfur coal. But the same
is not true for the other parts of the state. For instances, coal found in West Khasi
Hills has lesser sulphur content while the coal found in Garo Hills has the least
sulphur content. The sulfur contents in Meghalaya coal drops as we move from the
Eastern Coal mines towards the West.
Coal mining in Meghalaya

Coal mining in Meghalaya started over 30 years ago. Today, Meghalaya is one of
the largest coal producing states in India, and the largest in the north-east region
with an annual production of around 5 million tons. As district of Jaintia Hills
contain the largest coal deposits in Meghalaya and is hence the center of the mining
activities, almost 70% of its land is used for mining related operations and large
scale, unregulated extraction is being carried out. There are 9 major coalfields in
Jaintia of which Bapung and Lakadong are the most important. There is limited
intervention by government to record the number of mines available in the area,
however, with the intervention of Honble NGT more than ten thousand of rat-hole
mines are claimed operational.
The mining method practice in the state/area is commonly known as Rat Hole
mining may be Box Cutting method or Direct Rat Hole method. In box cutting
method the land is, first cleared by cutting and removing the ground vegetation and
then pits (shafts) ranging from 5 to 100 m2 are dug upto the required depth to reach
the coal seam. Thereafter, tunnels are made into the seam sideways to extract coal
which is first brought into the pit by using a basket or a wheel barrow and then
taken out and dumped on nearby un-mined area. The acidic water accumulated in
the tunnels and shafts is pumped out and discharged to the nearby areas without
treatment.
If the coal seam is not deep and approachable from the hill side/slope the rate hole
mine directly started from surface of hills and manually extract the coal, in this
method there are continuous discharging acidic mine water.
The extracted coals are stored/dumped on nearby un-mined areas without any
system for control of air, water and soil pollution. Finally, the coal is carried by
110 | Page
trucks to the larger dumping places near highways for its trade and transportation.
Entire road sides in and around mining areas are used for piling of coal which has
become a major source of air, water and soil pollution.
Fig. : Method of accessing to the coal seam by vertical shaft with ladders
Fig. : Acid Mine Drainage coming out of abandoned mine b. preparation for coal transport, (c)
A Rat Hole for inclined entry to deposit
Fig. : Coal dumping in open land without management
Fig. : Gradual turning of brown to green to blue at the confluence and the
Blue Lukha river
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ENVIRONMENT PROBLEM WITH Coal mining in Meghalaya

The un-scientific, un-organized, un-managed and un-regulated hazard coal mining
in the state is causing serious environment problem in and around the coal mining
areas of the state, inducing soil erosion, scarcity of water, pollution of air, water
and soil, reduced soil fertility and loss of biodiversity. The sampling and analysis
of water samples from the active coal mines in Garo, West Khasi and Jaintia Hills,
reveal that the pH of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) remain very low, water samples
from some abandoned coal mines also revealed low pH, even the pH of water bodies
receiving these mine discharges are also found low (Table 2). Changing the colour of
river receiving the Acid Mine Drainage (Fig. 4)
The acidic mine discharges pump out from the box cutting coal mining (Fig.1),
the acidic mine discharge from direct Rat Hole mine (Fig. 2) and the runoff water
(acidic leachates) from coal storage/dumping cause severe water pollution in all
natural drainage and aquatic systems, making the water bodies highly acidic and
the chances of survival of aquatic lives in the water is doubtful (Fig. 4). Out of
21 parameters analyzed pH level of the water is alarming. Most of the parameters
analysed are within the limit desirable for drinking water as per IS1991 except iron,
which is very high in most of the samples analysed.
Table : The pH level of water/effluent samples from
the coal mining areas in East Jaintia Hills, South Garo Hills
and West Khasi Hills
East Jaintia Hills
Locations Wah Khywi Coal mine Coal mine Mine Abandoned Abandoned Spring at
River at at Mookhlot located at drainage at mine at rat hole Sutnga
Mookhlot (Active) Hynniew Kilo Hynniew Hynniew mine at Chyniar
(active) Kilo Kilo Sutnga
Chyniar
pH 2.8 2.7 2.8 3 2.5 3.2 6.6
East Jaintia Hills (Continue)
Locations Wah Syrbang Wah Kwai Bore well at Wah Syllih Mine Kmai River Stream
River at River at Khlieriat river at drainage at at Rymbai at
Moolamylliang Moolamylliang Rymbai Rimbai Bapung
pH 2.9 3.3 6.5 2.8 2.6 2.8 6.0
South Garo Hills
Locations Nongal river at Simsang river Simsang Coal mine Chibisik Coal mine Spring at
Nangalbibra at Nangalbibra river at effluent from stream at effluent Dobakkol
Nangalbibra Dobakkol Dobakkol from
bridge (after (active coal Garegittim
confluence mine) (active coal
with Nangal R mine)
pH 4.2 6.7 5.8 2.6 6.6 2.6 4.6
112 | Page
South Garo Hills (continue)

Locations stream stream located Simsang River Mine shaft
between at border at Agreng under
Dobakkol & Dobakkol & construction
Garegittim Garegittim, at
receiving mine Jadigittim
effluent
pH 2.7 2.7 5.6 3.7
West Khasi Hills
Locations Lailad Saw Lailad Saw Stream at Tinpul Tinpul Nongjri Dug
Nombor Nombor (mine Saw Nombor (Stream (Spring)) (hand well in
(Stream at pit) (Borsora flows into pump)- Nongjri)
Roadside village) Bangladesh) shallow
well
pH 4.2 3.3 3.3 3.15 6.6 4.2 3.8
Mining is also associated with the movement of off-highway trucks and machinery
that releases to the atmosphere diesel exhausts and induce suspended particulate
matter generated from the earth surface. The haphazardly placed stock piles of coal
and movement of dirty trucks have buried the beautiful landscapes of the Jaintia
hills and the site has got totally transformed during the last 30 years. Barren land
with poor vegetation is the present fate of the landscapes in the coal mining belt of
Meghalaya (Fig.3).
Absence of strong Government regulation and dominance of customary laws, special

land management system of Meghalaya contributed to poor regulation of mining
operations and as a result coal mining in Meghalaya deteriorates the environment.
Large-scale deforestation has decreased the forest cover and available portable
drinking water sources have been either reduced or polluted. Agricultural land has
also decreased due to soil contamination by the mining activities.
The case of Meghalaya coal mining is of serious concern to ecology and sustainability
and has been taken up by the Honble National Green Tribunal (NGT). On April
17, 2014 the NGT banned the unique rat hole mining practiced in coal mining in
Meghalaya. The complaints brought by the All Dimasa Students Union (ADSU), Dima
Hasao district committee, studies carried out by Professor OP Singh, (department of
environment studies in the North Eastern Hill University) contributed to the basis of
such decisions of the NGT. The rate hole mines are not operating since May 2014.
Government and interested stakeholders are trying to lift the ban by NGT, however
on a hearing in 9 June 2014, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) refused to lift its
interim order banning rat-hole mining in Meghalaya but gave temporary relief to
coal mine owners and exporters by allowing transportation of extracted coal.
Recommendations
1. Determining how much coal can be mined and transported out of a region
considering all pollution discharges;
113 | Page
2. Determining the nature of clustering of mines to use common resources for

production and environment management;
3. Filling of abandoned mine pits;
4. Channeling of seepage water for checking AMD contamination of water bodies
and crop fields;
5. Afforestation with native species;
6. Undertaking effective soil conservation and water resource management
programme;
7. Detailed investigation of socio-political ecology must be initiated, etc.
Assessment of Environmental Issues in Tea Industries
Environmental management issues and pollution potential of the Tea Leaf Processing
units, to be referred as Tea Factories herein after, have been assessed by CPCB,
Zonal Office, Shillong during 2014-15. Environmental pollution aspects with respect
to the air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution from the tea gardens have
been studie in detail.
Air pollution potential of Tea Factories

The tea factories use coal heater, in which coal is burnt to produce hot air and hot air
is used in the tea drier to dry the fermented tea leaves to produce tea (CTC/ orthodox
tea). Most of the tea gardens are producing CTC tea. Unlike the conventional coal fired
boiler, the coal heaters are smaller in size. As per the manufactures specification,
less than one (1) kg of coal is used in this type of heater to produce per kg of tea.
In the said heater, coal is fed manually to the coal hopper. Chain grate Stoker is
used in the coal heater for systematic and continuous feeding of coal to the burning
zone. The exhaust from the coal heater is fed into a tunnel before releasing through
a chimney. This rectangular tunnel acts as a sedimentation chamber for the flue
gases as such it acts as an air pollution control device.
Stack emission were carried out in twelve (12) tea factories located in Assam. It is
observed that source emission level from the tea factories are in the range of 62-
142 mg/Nm3. and as such the emission level from tea factories are well within the
general standard of emission from the industry, i.e., 150 mg/Nm3. Till now, there is
no industry specific standard for a tea factory.
Photo1: Tea Leaves kept in troughs for moisture control
114 | Page
Water pollution potential OF the TEA Factories

The manufacturing process employed in a tea leaf processing industry does not
generate any process effluent. However, in a Tea Factory wastewater is generated
during washing of fermentation/oxidation floor as well as the machineries, especially
the CTC machine. From data collected from the Tea leaf processing units, it has
been observed that about 1500 to 2000 litres of wastewater (1.5 KL to 2.0 KL) is
generated by the units every day. The machineries and the fermentation floor are
washed after processing of the green leaves are completed every day.
Thus the wastewater, to the volume of about 2.0 KL, is generated in a batch process at
the end of the day and the entire quantity of water is discharged every day. In almost
all the tea gardens, multimedia gravitational filter is installed to filter the wastewater
before their discharge into the nullahs/drains inside the Tea Gardens. These filters
are having an inlet chamber followed by a filter bed consisting of sand, gravel, small
bricks, etc. The last chamber is generally filled with charcoal and effluent passing
out from the filter is discharged into the drains inside the tea gardens.
To understand the characteristics of wastewater generated, effluent sample were

collected from the factories during the washing processes. Washing of plants are
being carried out at the end of the processing every day, generally 8 -10 pm every
day, after completion of the processing of the green leaves.
The effluent samples were analyzed for pH, TSS, BOD & COD. The pH of the effluent
was found in the range of 6.5 to 7.1 and as such the effluent does not have any
environmental issues with respect to acidity of alkalinity. BOD and COD values
in the raw effluent were found in the range of 13-493 mg/l and 29-1392 mg/l
respectively. The TSS in the raw effluent was found in the range of 40 1056 mg/l.
Thus it is observed that though the quantity of effluent generated in Tea Factories is
less, those are polluting in nature.
Pesticide content in the effticent of tea factories

To know the pesticide content in the wastewater generated in the Tea Factory,
effluent samples were collected in Amber colored bottles of 1 litre capacity each.
All the samples were collected after sun set and as such there was no chance of
any effect on sunlight on the samples and it is desired for the samples collected for
pesticide analysis. Collection of samples in the early evening was possible as the Tea
Factories generate wastewater in the evening through washings of fermentation floor
and machineries. The samples collected preserved using recommended procedure.
The samples were analyzed for five (5) pesticides, viz. Dicofol, Chlorpyriphos,
Endosulphan, Ethion and DDT Isomers using the GLC-ECD method, as reported.
These pesticides are mostly used in the tea gardens.
115 | Page
No pesticide was detected in any of the effluents collected from fourteen (14) Tea
Factories. The detectible limit of the instrument was 0.05 mg/l.
As reported by various Tea Gardens/Tea Factories, pesticide use in the plantation
is significantly restricted due to stringent standards of the European Union. Tea
produced from many of the gardens in the Numaligarh and its surrounding areas
are exported all over the world and therefore, the Tea Gardens/Tea Factories have to
comply with the maximum residual limit (MRL) of pesticide content in the product.
To assess the presence of traces of pesticides in the tea being exported, the quality of
the tea exported by the gardens are tested by Laboratories located in the importing
Country. As the Tea Factories have to comply with the stringent EU regulations,
the use of pesticide is reduce in the Tea gardens. When the MRL of pesticide in the
product is minimized, the residual pesticide content in the wastewater becomes
unlikely, as has been observed.
Analysis done on sample also reveal that pesticides like Thiamethoxam, Fenpyroxiate,
etc. are not detected in the tea produced by M/s Bokakhat Tea Estate.
Noise Emission monitoring

It is observed that all the tea factories are installed DG set for captive power
generation. These are small to medium size DG Sets with its KVA rating in the range
of 63 KVA- 500 KVA.
All the tea factories have installed DG sets with acoustic enclosures, it has been
verified. Most of the factories have procured and installed new DG set having acoustic
enclosures. In addition to this, acoustic enclosures are seen retrofitted in the old DG
sets in many tea factories.
Noise levels emitted from the DG sets were monitored in twelve (12) Tea Factories.
The result indicates that the equivalent noise level (Leq) emitted from the DG sets are
lying in the range of 68.1 78.3 dBA. The sound level from some of the DG sets are
marginally exceeding the limit of 75dBA and it may be due to the proximity of the
DG sets to the main tea factory, which was in operation during the monitoring.
Ambient Air Monitoring in Tea factory Premises

Ambient air quality was monitored in a few factory premises during May 13-15,
2014. The ambient air monitoring results (PM10: 48-91 g/m3, SO2: 2-5 g/m3 and
NO2: 4.5-10 g/m3) reveal that the ambient air quality parameters inside the tea
factories are well within the national standard applicable for ambient air quality.
Other observations
1. M/s Hitikhuli Tea Estate has turned into fully organic tea garden, as claimed
by the Tea Estate and as such no chemical pesticide is used by the unit in its
Tea Garden.
116 | Page
2. Bought Leaf Tea Factories purchase Green Leaves from other gardens/small
tea growers and as such these Tea Factories do not exercise any control on
the use of pesticides on the plantation. However, no pesticide residue was
found present in the effluent of Bough Leaf Factories.
3. It may be commented that there is no major threat of pesticide pollution from
the effluent discharges of Tea Factories. Moreover, the quantity of effluent
generation is very less (up to 2.0 KL every day) in a Tea Factory and these
effluents are not discharged to any of the water body directly.
4. The tea factories having their own tea gardens have initiated composting of
wastes like tea wastes, leaves, tea branches, wood rejects, etc, for generating
bio compost with a target to produce organic tea. This is a good initiative as
process rejects are totally recycled for bio composting.
5. Indian Tea Association (ITA) through M/s First Climate (India) Pvt Limited to
assess the carbon footprint of the Tea Estates in Assam. Study has been done
after selecting five (5) tea gardens in and around the NDZ of M/s Numaligarh
Refinery Limited.
The study that the Green House Gas (GHG) sequestration in Tea estates is higher
than the corresponding GHG emissions occurring due to combustion of coal.
Environmental Impact of Tourism Industry in the Tourist Destination of

Sikkim
Sikkim is one of the eight north eastern states. Located along the foothills of the
Himalayan and is one of the popular tourist destinations in the region. Because
of this Sikkim has a high floating population i.e. external population visiting
Sikkim.
Tourism in Sikkim
Tourism is the second main source of livelihood in Sikkim, next to hydro power
plants. The main touristic attraction of Sikkim include the following:
Pilgrimage tourism
Heritage tourism
Culture
Village tourism
Hot spring
Caves
Buddhist circuit
Flora and fauna
Lakes and glaciers
117 | Page
Wildlife sanctuaries
Trekking
According to the given data the pattern of monthly domestic and foreign tourist flow
is under:
Dmoestic Tourist Flow
Foreign Tourist Flow
Fig. : Monthly flow of dmestic touristst loivest

As seen from the graph April, May and June are the peak tourist season for domestic
tourists and October, November and December are the peak seasons for foreign
tourists.
Waste Generation
Due to the tourism industry large quantity of municipal solid waste is generated from
hotels and guest houses. The average quantity of solid waste generation varies from
the type and standard of the hotels. The average MSW generated in hotels is about
0.75 kg per person per day. The average composition of the waste is as under:
Waste Type Percentage Composition
Kitchen 70 80 %
Plastic bottles 10 20 % %
Papers and wrappers About 5 %
The average waste generation increases in hotels that have banquet halls increases
up to 1.3 kg per person per day. The average composition is, however, similar in
both respects.
118 | Page
The tourist hot spots in Sikkim are mainly places of worship. Apart from these the
hotspots also include tracking, adventure sports and viewpoints.
In most places of worship, waste consists mainly of garden wastes such as flowers
and leaves, and packing of incense sticks such as plastic packet and cardboard
boxes. In other hotspots it is the wastes from restaurants and eateries located in
the areas. The average waste generation in these areas are about 0.5 kg per person
per day with about 85 % consisting of kitchen wastes and the remaining consisting
mainly of pet bottles and cardboard packets.
Report on Performance Evaluation of Air Pollution Control Devices in Sugar
Mills
The report attempted to give details about the field studies and performance
evaluation of air pollution control systems, analysis and discussions on most suitable
Air Pollution Control Devices (APCDs) to achieve particulate matter concentration
less than 150 mg/Nm3. About 9 units were selected based on the criteria followed
in per table below.
Table : Details of Units selected for field studies
Sl. Capacity Year of Type of furnace Type of APCD
No. TPD installation
1 2500 1956 Horse Shoe Partial Gas treatment in Multiclone
2 Spreader Stoker
3 3200 1992 Horse Shoe Full Gas Treatment in Electrostatic
4 5000 1996 Dumping Grate Precipitator (ESP)
5 Travelling Grate Full Gas Treatment in Multiclone
6 3500 1980 Horse Shoe
7 No treatment to flue gas provided.
8 10000 1939 Horse Shoe and Full Gas Treatment in Wet Scrubber
Spreader Stoker
9 Travelling Grate
The details of capacity of boilers and type of control system in units selected for
study is given below.
Table : Selected Boilers for detailed Field Studies and Details
of Boilers
S. No. Boiler capacity (TPH) X Nos. Type of Control System
1 20 Partial Gas treatment in Multiclone
2 30
3 90 Full Gas Treatment in Electrostatic Precipitator
4 70 (ESP)
5 75 Full Gas Treatment in Multiclone
6 40
7 20 No treatment to flue gas provided.
8 60 X 2 Full Gas Treatment in Wet Scrubber
9 70
119 | Page
Particle Size Distribution (PSD) Analysis

Table below gives typical PSD in bagasse fired boiler in sugar industry.
Table: Typical PSD in bagasse fired boiler in Sugar Industry as
studied and as reported in literature
Particle Size () Percentage of Particles (%)
U4B3 From previous NPCs Report
Greater than 1 micron (> 1 ) 95.9% 92.3% 96.3%
The above PSD analysis indicates that the percentage of fine particles (less than 10
micron size) is about 35%. In the following table, actual efficiency is compared with
theoretical efficiency and possible causes of deviations are discussed.
Table: Comparison of Actual with Theoretical Efficiencies
S. Type of APCD Actual Theoretical Remarks
No. Efficiency Efficiency*
1 Partial Multi-clone 91.1% 95% Difference in actual and theoretical
efficiency is insignificant and is
2 Partial Multi-clone 91.1% 95%
due to operational practices.
3 Electrostatic 92% 99% Difference in actual and theoretical

Precipitator efficiency is due to operational and
management practices.
4 Electrostatic 97.7% 99%
Precipitator
5 Multi-clone 57.5% 95% Inadequate design
6 Multi-clone 89.4% 95% Difference in actual and theoretical
efficiency is insignificant and is
due to operational practices.
7 Wet Scrubber 91% 90% This could be due to combination of
factors like gas velocity is lowered
8 Wet Scrubber 90% 90%
to increase the efficiency.
* Source: Gordon D Sargent, Nopco Chem Division from Chemical Engg. Jan 27-1969
Comparative Assessment of various APCDs
Performance assessment of each of the Air Pollution Control Devices (APCDs) studied
is discussed below.
120 | Page
No APCD System
When no APCD was installed, the average particulate matter concentration was
found to be around 1536 mg/Nm3 and particulate matter normalised at 12% CO2
was 2835 mg/Nm3, which is higher than the prescribed standard of 150 mg/Nm3,
therefore, it is not satisfactory.
Partial Gas flow treatment in Multiclone type APCD
For partial gas flow treatment in multiclone type APCD studied in two systems, the
overall efficiency is only 53.8% and 46.5%, respectively. The dust concentration at
stacks corrected at 12% CO2 is 535 mg/Nm3 and 320 mg/Nm3, which is higher than
the prescribed standard of 150 mg/Nm3 and hence the performance of this partial
gas flow type multiclone system is not satisfactory.
Entire Gas Volume Treatment through Multiclone type APCD system

This type of entire gas treatment through multiclone was observed in two units. In
one unit, the multiclone performance was found to be satisfactory, where the final
dust concentration was 55 mg/Nm3, while in the other unit, the final stack dust
concentration was 261 mg/Nm3, which was higher than the 150 mg/Nm3 and hence
unsatisfactory. This may be due to the factors like improper design undersized
multiclone etc.
For full flow in multiclone type APCD, the dust concentration in the stack is average
34 mg/Nm3 at 7.3% CO2 (55 mg/Nm3 corrected at 12% CO2) which is lower than the
prescribed standard of 150 mg/Nm3 and hence satisfactory. Also, the multiclone
efficiency measured calculated as 89.4% is satisfactory.
For full flow in multiclone type APCD, the dust concentration in the stack is average
303.1 mg/Nm3 at 13.9% CO2 (261 mg/Nm3 corrected at 12% CO2) which is higher than
prescribed standard of 150 mg/Nm3 and hence unsatisfactory. Also, the multiclone
efficiency measured calculated as 57.5% is quite low and unsatisfactory.
Spray type wet Scrubber APCD

The spray type of wet scrubber was studied in two units. The dust concentration
in the stack after the scrubber is 168 mg/Nm3 and 203 mg/Nm3 (at 12% CO2),
respectively, which is slightly higher than the prescribed limit of 150 mg/Nm3.
The scrubber efficiency is calculated to be 91% and 90%, respectively, which is
reasonable satisfactory. With the slight increase in scrubber efficiency, may be by
increasing the water spray pressure or water quantity etc., the scrubber may be able
to meet the final stack emission to 150 mg/Nm3.
Based on particle size distribution the theoretical efficiencies for spray type wet
scrubbers will be 88%.
121 | Page
1. Liquid to gas ratio: The liquid to gas ratio (L/G) is ratio of the volume of liquid
injected to volume of waste gas treated. In general, a higher L/G ratio increases
collection efficiency. In this case, L/G ratio is 1.22 litres/m3 is in the range of
theoretical design parameters and hence satisfactory.
2. Waste gas flow rate: The waste gas flow rate is important to size wet scrubber.
In units studied gas flow rate of 28.64 m3/s is in the range of theoretical design
gas flow rates and hence satisfactory.
3. Velocity: Increasing the relative velocity between the gas and the liquid droplets
increases the momentum of the particulate, allowing smaller particles to
be collected by impaction. In this case, gas velocity of 2.5 m/s is less than
required gas velocity of 3.0 m/s indicating scrubber cross sectional area is
satisfactory.
ESP type APCD
For ESP type APCD, studied in two units, the emissions at the stack is 97 mg/
Nm3 and 29 mg/Nm3 (corrected at 12% CO2), respectively, which is well below
the prescribed standard and hence performance of the ESP is satisfactory. Also,
the efficiency of the ESP is calculated to be 92% and 98%, respectively, which is
satisfactory.
Remarks:
1. Specific Collection Area: Specific Collection Area (SCA) is parameter used to
roughly estimate their collection efficiency. SCA is the total collector plate area
divided by gas volume flow rate and is expressed as m2/(m3/s). In this case
SCA is 2295 m2/(m3/s) which is near to theoretical design basis and hence
satisfactory.
2. Gas velocity in ESP: The maximum acceptable gas flow velocity in ESP is 1 m/s
and calculated gas flow velocity in ESP is 0.8 m/s and hence satisfactory.
Particulate Matter achieved by various APCDs
Consolidated monitoring results comprising of types of air pollution control
devices installed, overall system efficiency measured, final stack concentration and
performance assessment is given in Table below.
122 | Page
Table: Comparative Performance Assessment of Various APCDs

S. Type of APCD Overall System Efficiency Final Stack Performance
No Measured Concentration Assessment
Unit Code Efficiency (mg/Nm3)*
(%)
1 No APCD U5B2 --- 2835 Not Satisfactory
2 Partial Treatment U2B1 53.8% 535 Not Satisfactory
(10 to 15%) in U2B2 46.5% 320 Not Satisfactory
Multiclone
3 Full Treatment in U4B2 60.7% 261 Not Satisfactory (may
Multiclone be due to improper
design, undersized
multiclone, no regular
cleaning of multiclone
for choking)
U5B1 85.9% 55 Satisfactory
4 Full Treatment in U6B1&2 91% 168 Final stack
Spray type Wet U6B3 90% 203 concentration is
Scrubber slightly above the
limit. With the slight
increase in scrubber
efficiency, the scrubber
may be able to
meet the final stack
emission to 150 mg/
Nm3.
5 Full Treatment in U3B1 92% 97 Satisfactory
ESP U4B1 98% 29 Satisfactory
* All Values Normalised at 12% CO2
123 | Page
Chapter VII
Environmental research
7.1 Development of methodology for assessment of CO2 absorption through

Green Belt emission from industrial process and its Carbon budgeting in
selected industrial sector (partially outsourced).
The Environmental Clearance condition stipulated to by MoEFCC the industries
specify develop meet of green belt in 30% of the total project area to sequester Carbon
dioxide. The main objective of the stucly is to prepare guidelines for developing green
belt in industries based on Carbon budgeting.
Phase-I of the study was carried out in Cement industries across Karnataka when
cement pedantry were surveyed and plant samples collected around the industry by
making plots of 30mX30m within the radius of 100 m from the industry premises.
Trees and shrubs present in the plots were recorded in addition to the height and
width of the plants. The photosynthetic ability of selected plants present in the
green belt of industrial area and Comparative account of carbon stock and the
photosynthesis ability with plants present in the industrial area with those present
in relatively low pollution areas was assessed.
The study it reveals that the dust accumulation and the pollution level seriously
affect the photosynthesis ability of plant species.
Structure of leaf
124 | Page
7.2 Pilot Plant Study using Sludge-Reagent-Product (SRP) Technology

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in collaboration with Dr. S. K. Biswas
(Ex. Advisor of Rajiv Gandhi Water Mission) conducted an R&D Project entitled
Treatment of Water and Wastewater using Sludge-Reagent-Product (SRP)
Technology to tackle the problem of large amount of sludge generated of the water
works which use alum for precipitation of colloidal particles. While working on the
sludge problem, CPCB came with an innovative idea of regenerating and recycling
the alum along with positive charged colloidal particle in water treatment process.
This treatment technology entitled An Integrated Plant for Treatment of Raw

Water Using Discarded Sludges to Produce Drinking Water has been patented
vide Indian Patent No. 215808 (Filed in April 2001 and Granted in March 2008).
Based on the above technoogy a Operation 0.5 MLD Pilot Water Treatment Plant based
on SRP technology at Bhagirathi Water Treatment Plant, Gokulpuri, Yamuna Vihar
Delhi was constructed and operated with full financial assistance from CPCB.
This Pilot Project is fully funded by Central Pollution Control Board.
The pilot plant was successfully operated more one and half years i.e. from
December 2012 to October 2014.
The water quality of Pilot Plant is at par with the water quality, generated from
conventional treatment process.
It is observed that fresh alum requirement in SRP technology varied from 7 to 30

% in comparison to Conventional technology. In other word 93 to 70% of alum
requirement is fulfilled by the recovered alum i.e. SRP .
Srp Production Process in Pilot Plant
125 | Page
It is observed that cost of saving ranged from 70 to 78% with comparison to

conventional treatment technology.
The drawback of this technology is that, the treatment of raw-water with turbidity
more than 500 NTU is not cost effective with SRP technology.
ALUM REQUIRED IN CONVEN
NTIONAL(S1
1) Vs SRP
TE
ECHNOLOGYY(S2)
120 108
100 2
92
8
85 85 8
85 87.5
75
80
ALUM (mg/l)
6
60
60 Seriies1
37.8
Seriies2
40 23
13.5 17.5
20 6 6.8 8.5
4.5
0
TU
URBIDITY 15NTU 25NTU 50N
NTU 75NTU 100N
NTU 150NTU 250NT
TU 500NTU
Figure showing requirement of alum in for raw water at different NTU in

Conventional Vs SRP technology
Advantages of SRP Technology
Patented Zero Liquid Discharged (ZLD) Based Water Treatment Technology.

The reduction in volume of sludge substantially.
Reduction in alum consumption 80 90 % .
100% water recovery, comparison to conventional process 15-20% water loss
as sludge.
Zero wastewater discharge.
Reduction in cost of treatment i.e.40-60 %
Reduce pressure on the limited resources of raw material necessary for the
production of alum.
Save the Natural-Water-Bodies from alum contaminated sludge pollution.
COST-EF
FFECTIVENESS OF SRP(L) TECHNOLO
OGY IN
TREATIN
NG YAMUNA RIVER WAT TER AT DIFFE
ERENT
T
TURBIDITY
COST SAVING IN ALUM CONSUMPTION IN
78.378.2 78.5 75.7

80 68.9
6
58.6
48.8
60
PERCENTAGE
31
40
20
0
15 25 50 75 100 150 250 500
TURBIDITY ( NTU )
Figure showing cost saving in term of alum consumption in SRP technology
126 | Page
The process is simple and does not involve use of much additional equipment
for implementation.
Saving of Rs 70 core per year of our Nation, by adaptation of this new renovated
Technology in Drinking Water Treatment processes in India.
III. DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATER TESTING KIT
Environmental awareness plays a vital role in prevention and control of pollution in
industrial as well as at community levels. Assessment of water quality to understand
any impact of water pollution needs a laboratory facility everywhere. Keeping this in
view, the Central Pollution Control Board has developed a Water Testing Kit (WTK)
to assess the water quality of surface, ground and potable water bodies in field
conditions. The kit designed and developed by a team of scientists of the Board is
intended for students, NGOs and public.
During the financial year 2014-15 about 15 Water Testing kits were distributed to
various NGOs, schools, and others, under the mass awareness program.
7.3 Operation and Maintenance of Laboratory (2014-15)
Since inception, CPCB has been playing a key role in abatement and control of
pollution in the country by generating data including that for air and wath quality
providing scientific information, rendering technical inputs for formation of national
policies and programmes, training and development of manpower and organizing
activities for promoting awareness at different levels of the Government and public
at large.
To undertake field investigations and preparation of reports on water quality

monitoring, air quality monitoring, industrial inspection and many other related
activities, CPCB has established laboratories with proper analytical facilities.
The Zonal Laboratory of CPCB, Lucknow is one of the testing laboratory functions
as an NABL Accredited testing facility in accordance to International Standard ISO/
IEC 17025: 2005. During the year, assessment of the laboratory has been conducted
during July 2014 by NABL. The internal Audit has also been conducted by the
internal auditors duly authorized by the NABL.
The laboratory regularly undertakes processing and analysis of environmental

samples for various parameters as per accreditation scope. A gist of the analysis
performed during the period is depicted below;
ANALYTICAL QUALITY CONTROL (AQC/WATER) FOR CENTRAL AND STATE
POLLUTION CONTROL BOARDS, POLLUTION CONTROL COMMITTEES AND FOR
LABORATORIES RECOGNISED UNDER E.P. ACT.
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is mandated to maintain water quality
monitoring network with a aim to evaluate the status of water quality of different
sources rivers, lakes, wells, and ground waters spread over 27 States and 6 Union
127 | Page
Territories through various State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) under GEMS,
MINARS, GAP and YAP Programmes. Comparability of data within the programme
key challenge to the water testing laboratories. The quality of data must be of
the desired quality to formulate formuation by the decision maker. Therefore, to
obtain relevant and reliable data, the analytical process has to proceed under a
well established quality assurance with external proficiency test as an inherent
component. To ensure the reliability of the data, a programme called Analytical
Quality Control (AQC) was initiated with 20 laboratories in 1991. In 2014-15, the
number of laboratories participating in this exercise have reached to 229 comprising
laboratories of SPCB/PCC, E.P. Act recognized laboratories. As on 28th Feb 2014, 30
rounds of exercises were conducted under 30th & 31th AQC exercise.11Nos. physico-
chemical parameters are covered The performance of the laboratories in the 30th
Exercise for Heavy Metals parameters ranged between 86.8 to 93 % and overall
performance of this round was around 89 %. The performance of the laboratories in
the 31st Exercise for physico-chemical parameters ranged between 76.22 to 90.55%
and overall performance was around 84.5 %.
GROWTH OF AQC/ WATER PROGRAMME (1991-2014)

250
200
150
100
50
Fig. : Growth of AQC/Water Prograe (1991-2014)
Two synthetic samples labeled as A & B each 1 litre in volume and prepared in
laboratory by adopting standard procedures and precautions were distributed to all
participating laboratories by Courier service to avoid any transport delay. Both the
samples were also analyzed in CPCB laboratory for arriving at Reference value for
comparison and to estimate the acceptable limits of the reported values.
128 | Page
Tabe PARAMETERS COVERED UNDER AQC

S. No. Parameter S. No. Parameter
01. Iron( Fe) 11. Sulphate
02. Cadmium ( Cd) 12. Nitrate
03. Copper (Cu) 13. Calcium
04. Manganese (Mn ) 14. Magnesium
05. Nickel (Ni) 15. Boron
06. Lead(Pb) 16. Chromium(Cr+6)
07. Conductivity 17. Total Suspended Solids
08. Total Hardness
09. Chloride
10. Fluoride
Recommendations for AQC Scheme

The overall findings of the performance of AQC exercises reveals that Internal AQC
system in all the laboratory nees to be strengthened. The analytical capability of
these laboratories could be improved by adopting the following major steps.
- Strengthening of the Internal AQC System

- Periodic calibration of instruments
- Using high quality chemicals and providing adequate quantity of glassware
Emerging avoubility
- good quality distilled water
- Improving the laboratory work atmosphere
- Providing analytical training to laboratory analysts.
- Conducting Regional Workshop at various regions
- Adopting good quality assurance system
- Participating in Inter-laboratory AQC exercises by all laboratories of Pollution
Control Boards and Committees.
ROUTINE ACTIVITIES:
Implementation of NABL laboratory Accreditation System as per ISO 17025:
Water laboratory carried out necessary documentation and quality control activities
related to analysis of fresh water, wastewater, soil & hazardous waste, for
implementation of laboratory Accreditation System as per ISO 17025. During the
internal as well as external audit of the water lab was conducted for the NABL scope
parameter for water, wastewater, soils & solid waste.
Routine Analysis of Samples:

The Water Laboratory analyzed about 1200 numbers of samples (out of which, 550
were of Wastewater, 500 of freshwater and 150 soil & hazardous waste samples.)
during the year 2014-2015. The samples were collected from STPs, ETPs, Polluting
Industries, Drains, Rivers, Ground Water (Tube Wells).
129 | Page
The reliability of the data generated by the laboratory is being ensured through
various quality control exercises which include execution of Internal AQC Programme,
participation in national and international proficiency testing programmes, regular
calibration of equipment/instruments etc. The performance of the laboratory in
proficiency testing programmes during the year is as follows;
Participated and achieved more than 95% in Water Pollution Testing Programme
conducted by M/s ERA, A Waters Company, United States of America. The
corrective action for the concern parameters has been taken.
Participated and achieved more than 95 % in XXXI AQC AQC Exercise conducted
by CPCB, Delhi.
Participation in Inter-Laboratory Comparison (ILC) programme for Bacteriological
parameters conducted by Head Office of Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi
and achieved excellent z scores.
Samples processed under various Analytical Quality
Control Programmes during 2014-15
30
25
No. of Samples
20
15
10
Month
7.4 Optimisation of Chrome Tanning operations

R&D activities aimed at Optimisation of Chrome Tanning operations through
Chemical and Process benchmarking was undertaken on pilot basis with support
extended by M/s Super Tanneries, Jajmau, Kanpur.
130 | Page
The Activities focused on:
a. Optimizing absorption of chromium in tanning process through Process and

Chemical interventions.
b. Restricted Operations from De-liming to Chrome tanning stage comprising
different process stages including washing before de-liming, de-limiming,
pickling, basification and chrome tanning.
c. Process and Chemical optimization in all the operations undertaken by observing
following steps:
Step no. 01: Execution of Conventional process with no chemical / process
intervention
Step no. 02: Process wherein, conventional de-liming agents (ammonia salts) are
substituted and other chemical interventions are incorporated but
without improvisation in tanning drum and their configuration
Step no. 03: Step no. 02 with improvisation in tanning drum and their
configuration
The parameters for the study included pH, COD, TDS, alkalinity, chloride and
total Chromium in process-specific wastewater and physico-chemical properties in
tanned hide/side. Experimental set-up of the tannery was utilized for the Project.
The analysis of wastewater samples is at CPCB ZO Lucknow laboratory, while
characterization of processed hides at the tannery. Three phases of experiments have
been completed and chromium uptake of over 80 % has been achieved. Exercise for
results validation / reproducibility currently underway.
7.5 Remediation of contaminated sites

The consultancy project for Preparation of DPR and providing remediation of
contaminated sites assigned to ERM, Gurgaon is being executed at two identified
locations in U.P (Deva Road, Lucknow and Rania, Kanpur). Deva Road is contaminated
with chlorinated pesticides by M/s IPL and Rania area is contaminated with Cr (VI)
by BCS manufacturing units. M/s ERM, Gurgaon are the consultants for the said
project. State Level Committee has constituted for the execution and supervision of
this project. The committee will be chaired by MS, UPPCB and Zonal Officer, CPCB;
Lucknow will be the member convener. The details site investigation at bath the two
contaminated sites is completed.
7.6 Assessment of mercury in clinker cooler and other source emissions in

Cement industries.
Presence of Mercury prevent in the air may contaminate the on water quality of
nearby water bodies where it is converted into methyl-mercury and may built-up
in fishes. People consuming contaminated fish or raw water for drinking may be
primarily exposed to mercury. It is reported that sponge iron manufacturing industry
is one of the largest source of mercury emission (using coal) in the world. The study
131 | Page
was proposed to assess the emission of mercury in sponge iron industries. In central
Zone about. 85 small, medium and large operational sponge iron plants quantity of
coal both which includes indigenous as well as imported.
The monitoring was performed in 04 sponge iron industries, located in Chhattisgarh

for assessment of mercury in source emissions. Water samples were also collected
from nearby surface water bodies to find out the possibility of accumulation of Hg if
any. The results/findings of the primary study of compilation will be discussed with
the stakeholders.
1. A technical paper Ground Water Quality of Agra City, Uttar Pradesh published
in Environmental Pollution Control Journal (ISSN 0972-1541), Vol.17, No.4,
May-June 2014, page no. 16-21, Authors: V.K. Shukla, Kamal Kumar, Deepak
Gautam, Vipul Kumar Singh.
2. A technical Paper entitled Trends of Ambient Air Pollutants in Agra City -2002-
13: a study submitted for publication in Indian Journal of Air Pollution Control,
(ISSN 0250-5231), Authors: V.K. Shukla, Kamal Kumar
3. A technical paper Occurrence of Different Water Soluble Ions in Rain Water at
Agra City, India submitted in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, Authors: V.K. Shukla, Kamal Kumar, Vipul Kumar Singh, Deepak
Gautam.
4. A technical paper in Rajbhasa Hindi entitled Agra Shahar ki Pariveshiy Vayu
Gunvatta Prabodhan: 2002-2013-ek adhyayan in the national magazine of
Nagar Rajbhaksha Karyanvayan Samiti, Agra (NARAKAS), No.10, 2013-14,
page no.37-40 Authors: V.K. Shukla & Kamal Kumar.
5. An article in Hindi entitled Yamuna Nadi Pradushan: Karan evam Nivaran
published in the national magazine of Nagar Rajbhaksha Karyanvayan Samiti,
Agra (NARAKAS), No.11, 2014-15, for mass awareness publication. Authors:
V.K. Shukla & Kamal Kumar
132 | Page
7.7 Trace Metal characterization of waste water and sludge generated from
CETPs using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer
(ICP-OES).
The anthropogenic activities are influencing the heavy metals loading of the
environment and of concern since several trace metals are toxic in nature. Sulphate
treatment of Industrial effluents, and sewage such metals remains in environment
as such.
Assess the quality of waste water and sludge generated from CETPs with the trace
metals, it is required to measure quantitatively the concentration of trace metals in
the environmental samples. The detection of trace metals are accomplished by various
methods such as colorimetric, polarographic, atomic absorption spectrophotometric
& ICP techniques but trace metals analysis using ICP-OES is relatively simple,
accurate, and versatile and free from interferences. Keeping in view a project, "Trace
Metal characterization of waste water and sludge generated from CETPs using
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). was taken
up during the project study samples from Inlet, Outlet & Sludge samples of 13
CETPs located in Delhi were collected and analysed for 13 metals i.e. As, Cd, Co, Cr,
Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se,V & Zn. Data as generated during the study are tabulated
below:
Table : Concentration of metals in Inlet and Outlet of CETP`s
S. Sample Code As Cd Co Cr Cu Fe Mn Ni Pb Sb Se V Zn
No mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l
1. Narayana BDL BDL BDL 0.60 0.90 11.8 0.20 0.42 0.12 BDL BDL BDL 1.70
Inlet
Narayana BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.07 2.06 0.17 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Outlet
2. Mayapuri BDL BDL BDL 0.78 2.76 29.4 0.57 0.46 0.28 BDL BDL BDL 5.49
Inlet
Mayapuri BDL BDL BDL 0.18 0.60 5.65 0.24 BDL 0.12 BDL BDL BDL 1.00
Outlet
3. Jhilmiil Inlet BDL BDL BDL 15.8 21.6 13.9 0.74 6.19 1.39 0.12 BDL BDL 9.61
Jh Jhilmiil BDL BDL BDL 0.17 0.17 1.25 0.33 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
OutletO
4. Wazirpurnlet BDL BDL 0.62 96.60 21.1 852.0 101.0 10.8 BDL BDL BDL 0.19 1.64
Wazirpur BDL BDL BDL 0.15 0.63 3.44 0.20 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Outlet
5. SMA Inlet BDL BDL 0.10 10.40 2.95 98.7 14.10 1.83 0.32 BDL BDL BDL 1.30
SMA Outlet BDL BDL 0.10 0.21 0.31 67.9 16.20 1.29 BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.43
6. Badli Inlet BDL BDL 0.02 2.88 3.23 24.9 2.61 0.46 0.15 BDL BDL BDL 6.47
Jh Badli BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1.55 1.00 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05
Outlet
7. Nangloi BDL BDL BDL 1.29 2.68 19.0 0.60 0.30 2.19 BDL BDL BDL 1.52
Inlet
Nangloi BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.14 2.78 0.54 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Outlet
133 | Page
No mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l
8. Mangolpuri BDL BDL BDL 4.94 4.82 16.4 0.34 2.24 0.72 BDL BDL BDL 4.96
Inlet
Mangolpuri BDL BDL BDL 0.06 0.15 0.31 0.03 0.65 BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.21
Outlet
9. Law. Rd Inlet BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.10 3.42 0.70 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.17
Law. Rd BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.12 20.9 0.96 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Outlet
10. Okhla Inlet BDL BDL 0.06 0.08 0.37 4.11 0.51 0.16 BDL BDL BDL 0.08 0.26
Okhla Outlet BDL BDL 0.08 BDL 0.22 2.47 0.34 BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.07 BDL
11. GTK Rd Inlet BDL BDL 0.05 0.78 1.23 15.20 0.36 BDL 0.19 BDL BDL 0.07 3.67
GTK Rd BDL BDL 0.03 BDL 0.18 1.12 0.25 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.02
Outlet
12. Bawana Inlet BDL BDL BDL 0.97 1.28 15.15 0.49 1.33 3.71 BDL BDL BDL 1.78
Bawana BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05 1.09 0.32 0.23 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Outlet
13. Narela BDL BDL BDL 3.51 2.03 13.75 0.29 1.13 2.98 BDL BDL BDL 3.19
Outlet
Narela Outlet BDL BDL BDL 0.25 0.11 1.39 0.17 0.16 BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.08
Table : Concentration of metals in sludge of CETP`s

No mg/g mg/g mg/g mg/g mg/g mg/g mg/g mg/g mg/g mg/g mg/g mg/g mg/g
1. Narayana BDL BDL .009 1.50 3.10 35.20 0.128 0.646 0.110 BDL BDL 0.108 3.700
2. Mayapuri BDL 0.04 BDL 1.80 3.14 46.60 0.507 0.425 0.440 BDL BDL 0.019 3.800
3. Jhilmiil BDL BDL .007 32.90 31.60 102.00 0.576 9.100 1.800 0.091 BDL 0.019 14.00
4 Wazirpur BDL BDL 0.063 11.50 3.210 108.00 13.300 1.150 0.010 BDL BDL 0.062 0.206
5 SMA BDL BDL 0.031 31.80 5.640 203.00 2.700 0.617 0.228 BDL BDL 0.137 0.634
6 Badli BDL BDL 0.037 3.900 2.220 73.00 8.800 1.060 0.093 BDL BDL 0.029 2.300
7 Nangloi BDL BDL 0.026 1.810 3.540 66.800 0.251 0.429 2.890 BDL BDL 0.136 1.810
8 Mangolpuri BDL 0.095 0.004 4.520 3.260 30.100 0.221 2.410 0.636 BDL BDL BDL 3.150
9 L a w r e n c e BDL BDL BDL 0.281 0.242 72.800 0.195 0.979 0.033 BDL BDL 0.200 1.510
road
10 Okhla BDL 0.111 0.015 1.370 2.900 58.200 0.409 1.200 0.044 BDL BDL 0.278 2.050
11 G T k a r n a l BDL 0.018 0.035 1.870 1.420 29.800 0.572 0.313 0.414 BDL BDL 0.076 6.010
road
12 Bawana BDL BDL 0.023 4.600 4.600 44.200 0.384 2.300 4.300 BDL BDL 0.025 5.700
13 Narela BDL BDL 0.009 10.100 4.600 57.400 0.883 3.400 3.100 BDL BDL 0.009 5.400
Minimum Value BDL BDL BDL 0.281 0.242 29.800 0.507 0.313 0.033 BDL BDL BDL BDL
Maximum Value BDL 0.111 0.063 32.90 31.60 203.00 13.300 9.100 4.300 0.091 BDL 0.278 14.00
BDL: Below Detection Limit (As-0.01,Cd -0.02, Co- 0.002, Cr-0.06, Cu-0.03, Fe-
0.06, Mn -0.02, Ni 0.10,Pb-0.10, Zn-0.01, Sb-0.02, Se 0.04,V-0.05 mg/l )
From the data as depicted in the above tables, following has been observed:
134 | Page
The most common metals found in all the CETPs samples were Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn
and Zn.
Co, Ni, and Pb were found in traces whereas As, Cd, Sb and Se were found below
detection level in sample collected from almost all the locations and Vanadium
was found only in 3 CETPs Wazirpur, Okhla and GT Karnal Road.
As, Sb and Se were also below detection level in sludge samples.
At each location the conceration of metals in outlet samples was significantly
less than the inlet.
135 | Page
Chapter VIII
Environmental Training
This was a maiden year wherein Environmental Training Unit (ETU) of CPCB stepped
in by publishing a training calendar for the financial year 2014-15. The training
calendar envisaged background of CPCB origination of training unit, objectives,
need for training and requirement of training fields, besides the institutions involved
& target group. During 2014-15, 25 different programmes covering topics were
conducted through 19 institutes.
Details of training programmes conducted/organized during the year 2014-15:
Environmental Planning and Management

- Advanced Instrumentation Technique and Preventive Maintenance.
- Air Quality Modelling and Source Apportionment.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
- Air Quality Monitoring, Network Design, Air Sampling, Analysis and Quality
Assurance.
- Coastal Water Quality Monitoring Programmes Monitoring of Physical,
Chemical, Biological/Microbiological and Biomarkers/Toxicity in Coastal
Ambient Water.
- Methodology of Assessment of Indoor Air Quality and Standards.
- Methodology/Technique of Source Emission Monitoring and Corrections
to be Applied.
- Monitoring and Analysis of Non Point Source of Pollution (NPS)
Agriculture in a Riverine System.
- Monitoring of PM 2.5 and other notified Air Pollutants as per revised
NAAQS.
- Water Quality Monitoring, Network Design, Sampling, Analysis and Quality
Assurance.
Hazardous Substances/Solid Waste/
Bio-Medical Waste Management
- Collection, Storage, Handling and
Disposal of Plastic Wastes.
- Waste Management (Hazardous,
Biomedical, Municipal, Solid,
Plastic and E-waste).
136 | Page
Laboratory Management, Analysis and Quality System

- Analysis of Water, Wastewater, Soil & Hazardous Waste.
- Bacteriological Techniques for Water and Wastewater Analysis and Quality
Assurance.
- Laboratory Quality System, Management and Internal Audit as per ISO/
IEC 17025: 2005.
- Measurement of Uncertainty in Chemical & Biological Testing.
Pollution Control (Waste Management, Clean Technologies)
- Clean Technologies and Waste Minimization for Prevention of Industrial
Pollution.
- Development in Technology for Sewage Generation, Collection, Treatment
and Disposal.
- Pollution Control and Waste Management in Sugar and Distillery Units.
- Treatment and Removal of TDS and Other Pollutants to Promote Zero
Liquid Discharge in Pulp and Paper Mills.
Environmental Policy, Law Education and Economics
- Environmental Legislations, Interpretation and Enforcement.
Environmental Information
- Environmental Data Interpretation, Compilation, Analysis, Presentation
and Reporting.
Environmental Health Impact
- Environmental Health and Safety Management in Process Industries.
- Impact of Air Quality on Human Health.
- Measurement of Persistent Organic Pollutant (POPs) in Environmental
Samples.
- Occupational Health & Safety Management System (OHSAS) 18001:
2007.
Four hundred fifty from CPCB, State Pollution Control Boards/Committees/
Universities and other Government Agencies particulation the training
programmes.
Eight CPCB officials participated in training programmes organized by other
organizations.
Six CPCB officials participated in international training programmes/workshop/
seminars etc. during 2014-15 sponsored by the other organizations.
As a yearly routine process, college students were trained during their internship
period on during winter and summer vacations in their specialized subjects.
Third party evaluation of the training programmes conducted by CSE, New
Delhi during the year IIPA, New Delhi conducted.
137 | Page
Chapter IX
Environmental Awareness and Public Participation
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS PRINTED DURING THE YEAR 2013-14

1. Charter for Water recycling and pollution prevention in Pulp and paper industries
in Ganga River Basin.
2. River Stretches for restoration of Water Quality.
3. National Ambient Air Quality Status & Trends-2011
4. National Ambient Air Quality Status & Trends-2012
5. Status of Ambient Noise Pollution during Deepawali in India.
6. Annual Report 2013-14 (English).
7. Annual Report 2013-14 (Hindi).
8. Ganga Samachar-ENVIS Ganga Bulletin.
9. Air Quality Index-ENVIS Newsletter.
10. Bio-Medical Waste Management-ENVIS Newsletter.
EXHIBITIONS
1. 10th edition of the Govt. Achievements & Schemes Expo at Pragati Maidan
2. WWCP-2014 at Pragati Maidan
3. Trade fair at Pragati Maidan
4. "India Water Week, held at Pragati Maidan
5. Indian Science Congress-2015
ACTIVITIES OF NGO CELL (2014 - 2015)
An NGO Cell was set up in CPCB in the year 1992 with the following objections:
Enlist environmental NGOs involved in activities related to pollution control

with CPCB;
Establish NGO network in consultation with State Pollution Control Boards/
Zonal Offices;
Provide training to the NGOs and equip them with facilities, like water testing
kits, analytical instruments, books, literature etc. in order to enhance their
capabilities in the field of pollution control; and
Organise mass awareness programmes and pollution control activities through
NGOs.
During 2014-2015, 9 more NGOs were enlisted apart from the 767 NGOs enlisted
during the previous years. The registered NGOs are entrtied for a rebate @ 50%
138 | Page
for the purchase of CPCB publications and several NGOs have availed this facility
during 2014-2015.
Financial Assistance of Rs. 10,000/- each was provided to 5 NGOs for organizing
Mass Awareness Programmes on abatement of pollution during the year 2014 -
2015.
MASS AWARENESS Programme in ZONAL Offices

ZO BHOPAL:
World Environment day 2014
World Environment day is celebrated every year on 5th June all over the world
to stimulate awareness as well as to enhance
public attention and action on the issues related
to environment. This year on the occasion of
world Environment Day a series of awareness
programmes were organised them 29 May to
5 June, 2014 which envisaged distribution of
pamphlets, mass awareness programme in
schools, plantation at office premises, lecture
based on general environment related issues and
quiz programme at ZO, Bhopal. UNEPs theme for
2014 environment day city raising your voice not
the sea level keeping the theme in the mind, Zonal Office organised programme with
association of nearby schools and senior citizen club of Bhopal.
Other Mass Awareness activities

Awareness program was organized on 15 October 2014 for the AG colony residents
about the increasing level of pollutant during
Diwali festival and to health impacts. Aawareness
activity Zonal office Bhopal also organised various
awareness programmes were in schools namely
Kamla Nehru school, Kotra and Anand vihar college
for women, Tulsi Nagar to educate people about
air pollution plastic and solid waste management,
water and noise pollution and other issue related to
environment. On 02nd June, 2014 area in association
with local NGO Rastrahit Jagrati Gandiwadi Prayas,
a workshop was done on water pollution and implementation of GAP among the
senior citizens of Bhopal. In the programme, several lectures were delivered by the
experts and retired professor of universities.
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Yog Shivir On Stress Management

The Welfare Committee of Zonal Office, Bhopal
organizd Yog Shivir on Stress management on
01st August 2014.
Chief Guest Dr Shadhana Daanoriya, HOD,
Yog Science Dept, University of Barkutalla,
Bhopal provided specific training on Stress
Management through Yog. The trainer
emphasized on the importance of Yoga in
stress management of todays stress and also
the remedial effect of yoga on physical and
mental alignment.
Hindi Pakhwada of Celebration

The jurisdiction of Zonal Office, Bhopal covers
Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan
states which are under Ka Kshetra. In
compliance of the Rajbhasha Rules most of the
correspondence and file work is being done in
Hindi only. Zonal Office, Bhopal is also notified
under Rule 10(4) of Rajbhasha Act 1976.
Sincere efforts are being made for continuous
implementation of Rajbhasha in office. As per
the Rajbhasha rules quarterly meeting and
workshop are organised in association with local office of Department of Official
Language. Several events and competition like Hindi quiz, Shabdavali, Unicode
typing and Shrutilekh were organised during 28 August to 11 September, 2014 as
celebrations part of the Hindi pakhwada.
ZO Vadodra:
TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR SCHOOL
TEACHERS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
One-day training programme on environmental
aspect for school teachers was organized on
January 10, 2015. The programme was attended
by 26 teachers from various schools in Vadodara.
The interactive programme covered presentations,
videos, demonstration besides distribution of
reference material prepared in-house by Zonal
Office. TEACHERS TRAINING
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AWARENESS AMONG STUDENTS ABOUT

ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY
Visit to the laboratory of CPCB ZO, Vadodara
was arranged for the students of Nupur Nursing
School, Tejas Vidhayala, D. R. Amin Memorial
School and Nalanda International School as part
of environmental awareness Programme.
WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY CELEBRATION

West Zone Office celebrated World Environment
Day jointly with the Maharaja Sayjirao University
of Baroda through a seminar & discussions
on environmental issues. The programme was
attended by experts, students and environmental
activists.
Hindi Pakhawada Celebration

Hindi workshops were organized on 27.06.2014, 29.09.2014 and 22.12.2014 for
the officials of Zonal Office and also Hindi Pakhwada celebrated during September
2014 with special workshop and noting-drafting competition.
Zonal Office has started on-line submission of quarterly reports on Raajbhasha

portal in accordance with Raajbhasha Implementation programme
World Environment Day, 2014 was celebrated in CPCB Zonal Office, Lucknow. The
activities included:
1. River Gomti cleaning campaign & Childrens Painting Competition at Khudiya

Ghat, Lucknow jointly with Regional office, UPPCB, Lucknow
2. In-house Plantation within the PICUP Bhawan premises
3. Banner Display at PICUP Bhawan
4. Display of WED-2014 Theme &moving environmental messages at Air
Monitoring Stations
5. Issue of Press-Note & Awareness Message in Newspapers
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ZO-Bengaluru
Organizing mass awareness Programme
CPCB, Zonal Office, Bengaluru celebrated World Environment Day on theme Raise
your voice, Not the Sea Level during 5th June, 2014. Technical presentation on
theme and video on climate change were arranged during the occasion. Zonal Office,
Bengaluru launched on campaign to awareness amonges the public on various
environmental issues.
Zonal office, Bengaluru organised awareness programme at Angel High School,

Bengaluru to create the awareness amongest the student on need of celebration of
Eco-Diwali during on 17th October, 2014. An elocution competition was conducted
142 | Page
among the student community and the winners were awarded. The importance of
Swachh Bharat Mission was impressed upon the teachers and the students to
upkeep the premises neat and clean.
Zonal office, Bengaluru in close co-ordination with KSPCB, Tumkur organized three
awareness programmes. A one day workshop was hold for the Rice mills owners and
the association members on 12th November, 2014. All rice mill owners were made
to realize the impacts of the Pollution problems associated with Rice Mills. Officials
from this office delivered lecture on mitigation of pollution in rice mills. After the
awareness programme, remarkable progress has been made and more than 90% of
rice mills in Tumkur have installed air pollution control devices.
Smt. Mahima T, Sc-C made a presentation on Lake Conservation & Restoration at

M/s Jain High School, Tumkur on December 8, 2014 wherein more than 500 school
children were present.
Zonal office, Bengaluru has actively participated in the another such awareness
programme on Air Pollution Control Measures was organized for industries at
Tumkur on December 26, 2014, wherein more than 40 SSIs attended.
A presentation was made on Environmental Issues of Bengaluru was delivered at

Centre for Infrastructure, Sustainable Transportation and Urban Planning (CiSTUP),
IISc Bengaluru during February 27-28, 2015.
To promote the use of Rajbhasha Hindi, Hindi Diwas was celebrated at CPCB Zonal
Office, Bengaluru during October 1, 2014. During the occasion Hindi noting and
drafting, debate and Kavitha recitation competitions were conducted.
Strengthening of Network and Updation of CPCB Website:

Efforts are made for provided uninterrupted LAN and Internet connectivity to at
Parivesh Bhawan. Total computers on LAN with Internet connectivity are about 450.
The technical support was taken from NIC to ensure that the security issues are
addressed in time to prevent the vulnerabilities attacking the network.
Following systems have been installed /initiated during 2014-2015 for enhanced
performance and uninterrupted LAN resulted in smooth functioning of the system:
For Strengthening of Wireless Network in CPCB DHCP Server with Hotspot

Server/Captive Portal is installed in WIFI Network.
For Network Security and Bandwidth Management Daily Monitoring of Internet
Traffic in UTM Device Installed in CPCB Network.
Maintenance of Wireless connection and Access points in CPCB Premises.
Antivirus Server and Patch Server are updated for continuous usage of the LAN
system.
143 | Page
CPCBs website is updated regularly and the users response/access to this website
has been very good. During the Financial year 2014-2015, number of hits were 6, 47,
34, 494, out of which 94.77% hits were successful. On an average, 22, 59, 051 visits
were made to the site out of which 38.95% visits were made by the international
users and average duration of visit was more than 7 minutes.
144 | Page
CHAPTER X
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS INCLUDING SCHEDULE FOR THEIR

ENFORCEMENT
Installation of continuous emission and effluent monitoring system

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has recently directed all State Regulatory
bodies i.e. State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and Pollution Control Committees
(PCCs) under section 18 (1) b of the Water Act, 1974 and the Air Act, 1981 to ensure
that all the highly polluting industries shall install and operate continuous effluent
and emission monitoring system and shall connect SPCBs/CPCB server by March
31, 2015. CPCB has also directed all the highly polluting 17 categories of industry
and those water polluting industries identified under the Ganga basin through
SPCBs to submit bank guarantee of 25 % of the cost of online monitoring systems
(emission and effluent whichever applicable) for ensuring timely installation of online
monitoring systems, so that industries will develop discipline and commit for self
regulatory mechanism. The systems which will give high quality scientific results of
effluents and emission quality continuously on real time basis and will be brought
into public domain after through validation. As on date there are 120 continuous
emission monitoring stations are connected to CPCB server by 70 industries.
Effluent and Emission standards for Dyes and Dye Intermediate.
The Environmental Standards for Dye and Dye Intermediate Industries were approved
by the expert committee of MoEF&CC for notification under under the Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986. The approved standards are give at table bellow:
Table : Standards for dischange of effluent from
dyes & Dyes inermediate
Sr. Parameter River discharge Marine Discharge on Land
No. Discharge for irrigation
1 pH 6 to 8.5 5.5 9.0 5.5 9.0
2 Colour 400
3 TSS 100 . 200
4 Oil & Grease 10.0 20.0 10.0
5 Phenolic compounds as 1.0 5.0
C6H5O4
6 Ammonical nitrogen as N 50 50
7 BOD 30 100 100
8 COD 250 250
9 Cr+6 0.1 1.0
10 Total Cr 2.0 2.0
11 Hg 0.01 0.01
12 Cu 2.0 3.0
13 Zn 5.0 15.0
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Sr. Parameter River discharge Marine Discharge on Land

No. Discharge for irrigation
14 Ni 3.0 5.0
15 Cd 0.2 2.0
16 Pb 0.1 2.0
17 Mn 2.0 2.0
18 Cl 1000 . .
19 Sulphate 1000 .. ..
20 Bio-assay 90% survival in 96 h 90% survival 90% survival in 96 h
in 96 h
21 Temperature Shall not exceed 50C Shall not
above the receiving exceed 50C
water temperature above the
receiving
water
temperature
1 = Unit for S. No. 3 to S. No. 19 is mg/l

2 = Maximum allowable for S. No. 2 to 19.
Table: Emission Standards (From Process Vent)

S. No. Gas Standards mg/Nm3
1 SOx 200
2 HCl 35
3 NH3 30
4 Cl2 15
Environmental Standards for Fertiliser Industry

The standards approved by Peer and Core Committee were placed in the 164th Board
Meeting held on January 21, 2014. The new standards aim at harmonization of
earlier standards. The standards approved by the Board and forwarded to MoEF for
discussions in Expert Committee meeting:
TABLE : EFFLUENT STANDARDS FOR FERTILIZER INDUSTRY

Effluent:
S. Parameter Standard Not to International
No. exceed standards
1.0 Wastewater Generation 4.0 m3/MT of Urea ----
Naphtha, Natural Gas & Mixed Feedstock
(Naphtha+ Natural Gas) Based
S. Parameter Standard not to exceed International

No. (in mg/l except pH) standards
Straight Nitrogenous Fertilizer Plant/Complex Fertilizer plants and/
or NP/NPK
1.0 pH 6.5-8.5 6.5 9.0 (WHO)
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2.0 Ammonical nitrogen as N 50.0 10(WHO); 5(new)& 150

(existing) (EU)
3.0 Free Ammonia as N 4.0
1
4.0 Nitrate nitrogen as N 10.0 17.5 (EU)
5.0 Total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN) as N 75 NA
2
6.0 Dissolved Phosphate as P 5.0 NA
7.0 Fluoride as F 102 NA
8.0 Suspended solids 100 50 (WHO)
9.0 Oil & grease 10 NA
S. No. Parameter Standard not to exceed International standards

(in mg/l except pH)
Straight Phosphatic Fertilizer Plant NA
1.0 pH 6.5-8.5 NA
2.0 Dissolved Phosphate as P 5.0 NA
3.0 Fluoride as F 10 NA
4.0 Suspended solids 100.0 NA
5.0 Oil & grease 10.0 NA
Notes:
1. The limit of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) would be 20 mg/l for those nitrogenous fertilizer
plants, which are manufacturing Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN), Ammonium
Nitrate and complex fertilizer plants manufacturing ANP.
2. Applicable only for complex Fertilizer Plants.
table : emission standards

Emission:
S. Parameter standard not to International standards
No. exceed EU WHO
mg/NM3 New Ext.
1.1 Straight Nitrogenous
Ammonia Plant: - Reformer
1. Oxides of Nitrogen (as 400 at 3% O2 150 300 300
NO2)
Urea Plant Prilling Tower
1. Particulate Matter (PM) 150 50 50 100-150 50
(pre 1982 (post 1982
units) units)
1.2 Nitric Acid plant
1. Oxides of Nitrogen as NO2 400 300 800 300
1.3 Phosphatic Fertilizer Plants Phosphoric Acid Plants/ Rock grinding & acidulation
SSP plants
1. Particulate Matter (PM) 125 50 150 50
2. Total Fluoride as F 20 5 30 5
(Phosphoric
acid plant)
5 (SSP)
147 | Page
1.4 Sulphuric Acid Plant: Emission Standards for Sulphuric acid plants as notified vide
G.S.R. 344(E) dated May 07, 2008 shall be applicable.
1.5 Ammonium Nitrate / Calcium Ammonium Nitrate/ NPK plant
1. Particulate Matter (PM) 150 50 50
2. Ammonia as NH3 1
300 150 (new/ 50 50
(existing) expansion)
3. Total Fluoride as F 2 20
1. Grace time for 1 years period may be given to units to meet the norms.
2. Fluoride applicable only for NPK plant
Preparation of Comprehensive Industry Document, Development of Emission

and Effluent Standards for Single Super Phosphate Plants:
In-house project has been taken for Development of Emission and Effluent Standards
for Single Super Phosphate Plants. Data is being collected through questionaire and
dry visits. Compilation of data, as received is in process.
Oil Leakages
In the recent past there have been frequent incidences of crude oil leakage, lube oil
leakage in pipelines of various refineries oil agencies. With aging of the pipelines to
seepage leakages of valuable resources into the surroundings and thereby posing
threat to the environment have been notaed. There is a need to assess the present
status of all these old age pipelines.
The major incidents happening over the last copie of years include incidences at
Nagapattinam wherein crude oil operated by ONGC affecting agricultural crops,
the decurence of ground water contamination in and around Thondiyarpet due to
leakage of BPCL pipeline, leakage of petrol pipeline operated by IOC at Karaneshan
Nagar, lube oil leakage from pipeline of CPCL at Othai Vadi street, Tondiarpet and
lube oil leakage at Kasimedu fishing harbour operated by IOC.
148 | Page
Suggestions/recommendations that emerged in the meeting are as follows:
1. Action plan on Survey of existing pipeline in terms of total length, material

details, area covered, vulnerable area, dia and age of pipe line, type of fuel
being transferred, and safety detection and preventive measures adopted
2. CPCB to direct TNPCB to make amendments in consent order with inclusion of
present conditions applicable as per EIA notification
3. TNPCB to direct all stakeholders to submit time bound action plan with bank
guarantee
4. All stake holder to submit undertaking for upgradation/ shifting/providing
safety measures
5. Undertake all available and possible tests of the pipe lines to ensure no accidents
on this pipe lines should occur
6. Action plan to adopt supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA)
on priority basis,
7. Action plan to phase-out of old pipe lines and replace with carbon steel pipes
with all safety and preventive measures
8. Action plan to adopt modern technologies to detect the and prevent leakage
9. Comprehensive disaster management plan to be prepared and identifying the
responsibility of stake holders
10. All the stake holders should adopt best available state of art technologiest for
detection and monitoring to prevent leaks
11. Plan of emergency response system, fixing the responsibilities and developing
the skills of the officials involved in this activities
12. Norms of Oil Industries Safety Directorate (OISD) shall be followed in respect of
storage and transport of petroleum products
13. There should be awareness camp among the public who residing near the
pipeline routes.
14. To study the composition of oily sludge generated during drilling and to find
suitable treatment and safe disposal.
Similar incidences occurred at Mumbai Uran wherein 40tone of crude oil leakged from
ONGC Pipeline, at 13 km coast of Mumbai fuel oil (290 ton, 50 ton of diesel) spilled
by MV RAK, leakage in Uran pipeline operated by ONGC The then Honble Minister
for Environment and Forests reviewed the preparedness of the stakeholders for
replacing the old pipelines and putting a foolproof system to prevent occurrence.
The status of pipelines carrying crude oil/petroleum products and the planter control
of oil spills in and around Mumbai. The then Honble Minister for Environment and
Forests is the meeting on June 20, 2013 received Officials of IOCL, BPCL, HPCL,
149 | Page
ONGC, Mumbai Port Trust, JNPT, Indian Coast Guard, dealing with HSE, marketing
attended the meeting. The recommendations made are as follows:
a) All refineries, pipeline networking units and storage depots shall submit the
detailed present pipeline layout and re-routing proposals.
b) Separate inputs shall be submitted by the stakeholders, especially this Costguard
on the minimum preparations required to be made mandatory to handle oils
spills by each stake holder based on their crude/oil handling capacity.
c) The detailed database shall be prepared and made available to the regulatory
agencies for quick reference & response in case of oil spills/leakages.
d) Information shall be obtained by Central Board in prescribed format regarding
crude/oil/product handling pipelines from refineries as well as from terminals
& pipeline projects.
e) Ports shall develop technical capabilities to handle chemicals, radioactive
contaminated scraps, etc.
f) Oil sludge generated from oil terminals should be disposed as per Hazardous
Waste Management Rules.
g) Comprehensive disaster management plan be prepared, identifying the
responsibility of stakeholders.
h) The stakeholders shall adopt best available state-of-art technology for detection
of leakage, monitoring health of pipeline and measures to prevent leaks.
i) All stakeholders shall inform CPCB and SPCB any there are accident of oil
spillage in refineries, ports, oil pipelines and oil terminals.
Department related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Science &

Technology, Environment & Forests:
Presented the material for the meetings of Parliamentary Standing committee for
Science & Technology, environment & Forests for the meetings at Nagpur, Chennai,
Tirupati, Bengaluru, Bhubaneshwar, Patna, Varanasi, Lucknow, Mumbai, Pune,
Ahmedabad Srinagar & chandigarh.
Provided Material for different sectional oral meetings held at Delhi on Coal, Steel,
Power, Mining, refineries, Heavy industries, railways, Transport, Refineries, Oil &
Natural Gas, agriculture, defence, aviation, etc.
Preparation of Comprehensive Industry Document and the Status of Paint

Industry
Paints constitute a mixture of solvents, binders, pigments and additives. The raw
materials used in the manufacturing of paint are organic chemicals, solvents,
heavy metal based pigments or complex resins which results in air emissions (VOC
& dust), wastewater and solid waste / sludge (containing heavy metals & toxic
150 | Page
organic chemicals). COINDS was prepared in 1990-1991 for development of effluent

standards only. Since then sector has undergone fundamental changes in terms
of raw materials consumption, technological up-gradation, and demand growth
potential with an average rate of 13% over the last five years. There was a need to
revise the existing effluent standards and to develop the emission standards (VOCs).
This study was awarded to NPC, New Delhi in April 2009. The study duration was
3 years. The main source of waste water is from mixer/ pug mills/ TSD/ cleaning
operation & floor washing. Solid wastes are generated from ETP, production process
and from incinerator. The main source of VOC emission from is shop floor during
filling operation. The emitted VOCs in the shop floor were extracted from one side
through exhaust system and fresh air allowed to flow from other end.
The proposed standards were put up in the Peer & Core Committe meeting held on
March 4, 2014. Effluent standards, Standards for VOCs & air emission proposed
which are given below:
(1) Effluent Standards:

A. For water based paint industry:
The entire vessel wash water shall be recycled back in the process only.
B. For resin & solvent based paint industry:
The industry shall incinerate the effluent in the incinerator and emission limit of
Common Hazardous Waste Incinerator notified under GSR - 481(E) dated June
26, 2008 under the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 shall be applicable.
OR
In case the effluent is discharged, it shall meet the following norms:
Parameter in and Solvent based unit Standards
(in mg/l except pH& Bioassay)
pH 6.0-8.5
TSS 100
BOD 3 days at 27oC 30
Phenolics as C6H5OH 1.0
Oil and Grease 10
Bio-Assay Test 90% survival in 100% effluent in 96 hrs
Optional Parameters
Lead as Pb 0.1
Total Chromium 2.0
Copper as Cu 2.0
Nickel as Ni 2.0
Zinc as Zn 5.0
Total Heavy metals <7.0
Arsenic as As 0.2
Cobalt as Co 0.2
151 | Page
(2) Standard for air emissions:

(i) For Particulate Matter:
Limiting Concentration for Particulate Matter emission shall be 50 mg/ Nm3 for
all process vents attached to pre-mixers and mixers. The emissions shall be routed
through common vent.
(ii) For Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs):

Solvent Consumption Total Emission Limit
(tons/annum) (% of solvent consumed)
Less than 1,000 5
More than 1,000 3
The following guidelines shall be adopted to reduce the solvent emissions.
Covering of all open top vessels and tanks used to mix resin & solvent to disperse
pigment & extender pigment.
Adopting submerged filling for transferring VOC containing materials.
For Solvent based paint industry the efficiency of system controlling emission of
Volatile Organic Compounds shall not be less than 85%.
Preparation of Comprehensive Industry Document and the Status of Pesticide

Industry
Comprehensive Industrial Document (COINDS) for Pesticide Industry was prepared
in 1985-86 and revised during 1988-89. Further, status of pesticide Industry
was prepared in the year 1993-94. In these documents, aspects of air pollution
and solid waste were not covered. Later, source emission standards for inorganic
parameters like HCl, Cl2, H2S, P2O5, NH3, HBr & PM and CH3Cl (organic) were notified
during year 2006 and also incinerator emission standards were notified in 2008
for pesticide industry. Since then the sector has undergone changes in terms of
raw material consumption, technological up-gradation, demand growth potential,
and diverse product range. The change necesniate to re-look into the additional
pollutants generated from pesticide industries other than the notified parameters &
development of VOC emission standards. The existing document therefore needs to
be revised to include new and developing production control, technologies and their
efficacy to treat of pollutants.
Therefore, the project on Preparation of Comprehensive Industrial Document

(COINDS) on Pesticide industry was awarded to M/s Development Consultants Ltd.
(DCL), Kolkata in November, 2013. Dry study of the units is in process.
152 | Page
Environmental Standard of Manmade Fiber Industry

Revision of emission standards for carbon disulphide (CS2) and hydrogen sulphide.
The association of Manmade Fibre Industry for new and expansion projects due to
non-availability of desirable cost effective technologies to meet the existing emission
norms for CS2 and H2S. The present envisages proposal addresses the revision
and upgradation of the existing Comprehensive Industry Document (COINDS) first
prepared in 1979-80 for liquid effluents in Manmade Fibre Industry. The objectives
of study also include to review existing effluent standards for Rayon and Nylon
Industry. The study has been completed and proposed standards were put up in the
Peer & Core Committee meeting held on March 4, 2014.
CS2
and H2S Monitoring in spinning Mill CS2
and H2S Monitoring
Table :
(A) Effluent Standards
Parameter Synthetic and Semi synthetic
pH 6.0-8.5
Suspended solids 100 mg/l
BOD 270C 3 days 30 mg/l
Zinc 1.0 mg/l
% Na (Viscose Staple fibre and Viscose Filament
Yarn units)
Note: Limits for Total dissolved solids in effluent shall be prescribed by the concerned Pollution
Control Board/Pollution Control Committee depending upon the recipient water body
Table :
(B) Wastewater Generation
Industry Wastewater generation(m3/ton of fiber/yarn)
Viscose Filament Yarn 150
Viscose Staple fibre 75
Nylon, polyester and Acrylic 10
153 | Page
Table :
(C) Source Emission Standards
Pollutant VSF Plants
Proposed Emission Standard (kg/MT of VSF)
CS 2 95
H 2S 30
VFY Plants
Proposed Emission Standard (kg/MT of VFY)
CS 2 200
H 2S 20
(Rayon, Polyester and Nylon fabric dipping Plants)
NH3 0.3 kg NH3/MT of dipped fabric
Acrylic Fiber Plants
Total VOC including Dimethyl 50 mg/Nm3
formamide and Acrylonitrile
(D) Fugitive emission (Viscose Staple fibre and Viscose filament yarn plants)
CS2 -10 ppm
H2S-10 ppm
(E) Existing standard for CS2 and H2S in ambient air shall prevail.
Development of Emission Standards & Preparation of Comprehensive Document
(COINDS) for Pharmaceutical sector
COINDS for Pharmaceutical sector developed during 1980-89 first prepared covering
liquid effluents however no effect was made out to address the control of air pollutants.
As saw the sector changes in terms of raw material consumption, technological up-
gradation, demand growth potential, and diverse product range. Thereby necessary
to relook into the critical pollutants generated from pharmaceutical industries other
than the conventional pollutants.
The revision of COINDS is required to include the process adopted, raw materials
used and effluent generation from different streams, segregation of stream their
treatment presently adopted by industrial units, mode of disposal of wastewater,
reduction & recycling of effluent, Best treatment technologies available, by-
product recovery / utilization, solvent recovery, type and source of emissions from
processes, BAT for control of emission, Cost of Treatment both for waste water as
well as emission etc.
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Incineration System of Pharmaceutical industry
The project on Development of Emission Standards & Preparation of Comprehensive

Document (COINDS) has been awarded to M/s Ramky Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi in
October, 2013. The duration of the project is 2 years. Dry study of the units is in
process.
Development of Comprehensive Industry Document (COINDS) for Automobile

Manufacturing Industries
This study for development of coinds document has been awarded to TERI. The
objectives of this study includes Inventorisation of Automobile manufacturing
industries, studying process details of automobile manufacturing industry covering
all categories of vehicles, identification of different sources of pollution for the
automobile manufacturing industry, Characterization of liquid effluent, gaseous
emissions and hazardous wastes storage and disposal methods, resource recycling
and waste minimization practice, identification of technologies appropriate for
the control of water pollution, air pollution and fugitive emissions under Indian
conditions and development of environmental standards for the automobile industry.
The report is under finalisation.
Inventorization of Railway sidings and Guidelines for their Environmental

Management.
The study on Inventorization of Railway sidings and development of guidelines
for their environmental management has been taken up by CPCB subsequent to
large number of public complaints related to railway sidings. This study has been
awarded to RITES Limited, Gurgaon. The Objectives of the study include of all major
railway siding (Railway yards, ports, mines etc.), and development of guidelines
for Environmental Management of Railway sidings. The draft final report is under
finalisation.
155 | Page
Revision of COINDS on Tanneries

The Comprehensive Industry Document (COIND) on tanneries was brought out by
CPCB in 1991-92 and effluent standards for tanneries at S. No. 16 and 57 in Schedule
I of the E (P) Rules 1986 were notified on 18.1.1988 and 5.5.1992, respectively. CPCB
entrusted the study for revision of Comprehensive Industry Document (COIND) on
tanneries including revision of standards for tanneries to Central Leather Research
Institute (CLRI). The study covered following tasks:
Enumeration of tanneries in India - There State-wise distribution and over all

classification of tanneries in India based on type of process and processing
capacities.
In-depth analysis of sectional streams of composite wastewater and, pollution
load generated from processing Raw to Wet blue, Wet blue to Finish, EI to
Finish.
Performance evaluation of pretreatment systems in individual tanneries and
CETPs.
Studying the following aspects point of discharge, present disposals
standards, latest best available effluent treatment technologies and
pretreatment methods adopted in individual tanneries connected to CETPs.
CLRIs proposal for revision of environmental standards did not envisage significant
difference in the proposed effluent standards from the existing standards it was
decided to instead develop a charter for abatement and control of pollution from
tannery sector which will incorporate various environmental issues related to
tanneries.
Revision of Environmental Standards for Steel Rolling Mills

The emission standards for reverberatory re-heating furnaces used in re-rolling mills
were notified in the standards were developed mpy then year back to review these
standards. CPCB entrusted the study for revision of environmental standards and
preparation of Comprehensive Industry Document (COIND) on Steel Re-Rolling Mills
to MECON Limited, Ranchi. The study covered following tasks:
Inventorisation of steel re-rolling mills and identification of representative

plants in different parts of the country.
Collection of information from re-rolling mills through questionnaire survey.
Literature survey on steel re-rolling mills.
Field study of 55 selected rerolling mills located in different parts of the
country.
In-depth study of 13 units including detailed emission monitoring.
Development of environmental standards and guidelines for steel re-rolling
mills.
156 | Page
The above study has been completed during the year and the revised standard
approved in the 28th Meeting of the Peer & Core Committee of the Central Board
held on March 4, 2014.
Revision of Emission Standards and COINDS for Brick Kilns

The Comprehensive Industry Document (COIND) on brick kilns was brought out by
CPCB in 1996 while and emission standards for Bulls trench brick kilns at were
notified on 2.4.1996. As Bulls trench brick kilns included standard had become old
there was a need to review the standards. CPCB entrusted the study for revision of
emission standards for brick kilns revision of Comprehensive Industry Document
(COIND) to Punjab State Council for Science & Technology (PSCST). The study
covered following tasks:
Review of relevant National/ International experience.

Preparation of inventory in brick kilns.
In depth study of 50 brick kilns including emission monitoring of brick kilns.
Development of emission standards and stack height regulation for brick
kilns.
Development of guidelines for siting, better working and housekeeping.
The above study was completed during the year and the emission standards and
guidelines for brick kilns suggested by PSCST were finalised by the stakeholders and
experts in the Consultation Workshop on 13th August 2013. Finalised environmental
standards for Bulls Trench kilns and Hoffmann kilns were approved 28th Meeting by
the Peer & Core Committee of the Central Board held on March 4, 2014 which has
been approved by the Committee.
Revision of Effluent Standards for Common Effluent Treatment Plants

The effluent standards for common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) at S. No. 55 A
(primary) & B (final) in Schedule I of the E (P) Rules 1986 were notified on 27.2.1991.
The CETP standard had become old hence it was necessary to review the standards.
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) undertook the revision of the existing effluent
standards for CETPs.
A draft proposal for CETP effluent standards was prepared by CPCB and circulated to
stakeholders for consultation. Based on the comments received a modified proposal
for revision of effluent standards for CETPs was prepared and got in the 28th Meeting
of the Peer & Core Committee of the Central Board held on March 4, 2014.
Development of Environmental Guidelines Improved Design and for Clamp

Kilns
As no environmental guidelines were available to regulate clamp kiln emission
hence it was necessary to develop environmental guidelines for clamp kilns. CPCB
157 | Page
entrusted a study for evaluation and improvement of clamp brick kilns design to The
Energy and Research Institute (TERI). The study covered following tasks:
Preparation of inventory of clamp brick kilns in the country.

Monitoring of stack/fugitive emissions and ambient air of select clamps brick
kilns.
Development of cost-effective modification in existing design & firing practices
and its demonstration
Prepare specimen standard drawings for various production ranges/types for
clamps and detailed specifications for recommended design/type of clamps.
Development of emission standards for different type of clamp kilns and
recommended emission factor
Development of pollution abatement options and guidelines for siting criteria,
good practices & better housekeeping.
The above study was completed and the environmental guidelines and improved
design for clamp kilns suggested by TERI were finalised in the Consultation Workshop
held on 13th August 2013. Meeting of the Peer & Core Committee of the Central
Board held on March 4, 2014.
COINDS for Plywood Industries

Plywood is made from thin sheets of wood veneer, called plies or veneers. The
plies are bonded under heat and pressure with strong adhesives, usually phenol
formaldehyde resin, making plywood a type of composite material. A common reason
for using plywood instead of plain wood is its resistance to cracking, shrinkage,
twisting/warping and its general high degree of strength.
Log Conditioning Veneering

The primary emissions during the manufacture of plywood include particulate matter
(PM) and PM10 (PM less than 10 micrometers) from log debarking, plywood trimming,
sanding and from heating systems. Organic compounds including formaldehyde
and other hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), operations are also produced operation.
Fuel combustion for heating generates carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2),
sulfur dioxide (SO2), and oxide nitrogen (NOx). The hot pressing operation is a source
158 | Page
of VOCs emissions. The quantity and composition of emissions from this operation
vary with wood species and resin components. In boilers coal or waste wood is
normally used as fuel which emits PM and other gaseous emissions.
Glue Spreading Hot Pressing

Pollution potential of the process Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), undertook
a study in 2008 for Development of Comprehensive Industry Document (COINDS)
and Environmental standards for Plywood Industry.
The study has been completed and the findings of the study were deliberated in
the 28th meeting of the Peer & Core Committee. The committees decided that boiler
standards notified in schedule-I, shall apply to the boilers used in plywood industry
also, with a the minimum stack height of 30 m general standards notified under
Schedule VI, Part A in respect of parameters pH, Suspended Solids, COD, Phenol
for discharge to inland surface water shall be applicable for the effluent quality
generated by the plywood units also.
Development of Environmental Guidelines for Poultry Farms:

Poultry farming is the raising of domesticated birds such as chickens, turkeys,
ducks, and geese, for the purpose of farming meat or eggs for food. India is the
fourth largest egg producer in the world next to China, USA and Japan.
Cage Layer House Environmentally Controlled Broiler grower

house
159 | Page
The leading states in total poultry population in the country are Andhra Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, West Bengal, Maharashtra and Haryana. Poultry farming
in India over the last four-and-half decades has witnessed a spectacular growth.
The farm size has increased from few hundred to several thousand binds at a single
location.
Large farms are concentrated in urban and semi-urban localities because of easy
access to inputs, expertise, communications and market availability.
The poultry production cycle consist of breeding, hatching, production of egg/meat

and disposal of spent hens/broilers after each cycle of production and includes
operations like poultry housing, feeding, watering and health care.
The environmental issues in poultry production primarily include odour, management

of solid wastes (manure, dead birds, egg shells etc.), wastewater, air emissions and
pathogen contamination. Concentrating large number of birds at one place also
results in large volumes of poultry manure in small areas.
Keeping in view the pollution potential from Poultry Farms the Central Pollution
Control Board sponjored a study to the Environment Protection Training Institute
(EPTRI), Hyderabad for developing Environmental Guidelines for Poultry Farms.
The findings of the study were deliberated in the 27th Peer & Core Committee and
funded after taking comments/views from the Association/stakeholders. The
finalized Siting Criteria for New Poultry Farms confemeding th 28th meeting of the
peev & core committee.
The Poultry farm should not be located within
500 m from residential zone

200 m from major water course like River, Lake and Canals
500 m from any major drinking water reservoir on catchment side
100 m from any drinking water source like wells, summer storage tanks, other
tanks
500 m from nearby poultry, dairy or another livestock enterprises or industry
150-200 m from National Highway (NH)
100 m from State Highway (SH)
10-15 m from rural roads/internal roads/village pagdandis
The poultry sheds should not be located within
10 m from farm boundary
160 | Page
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INDUSTRY DOCUMENT (COINDS) AND

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS FOR STEEL RE-ROLLING MILLS OF INDIA
There are around 2100 registered re-rolling mills in India; out of which about 1200
Re-rolling Mills are presently in operation Major cluster of the rojuy mills. Major
clusters of this category of Units in India are in Punjab, West Bengal, Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
The Re-rolling mills, in general operate without Scientific design of Furnaces and
Burners, Irregular Feeding, Improper Firing and uneffected Operating Practices there
by impacting the surrounding environment. Besides general problems of polluted
air emission from stack and effluent/ waste water discharges to the nearby Nallas/
Drains, fugitive emission from the Units are of concern.
To develop energy efficient and environmentally friendly technologies to the re-rolling

mills of India, MECON to develop the Guidelines and Standards. Considering the
pollution potential of the sector, CPCB spon.
MECON conducted the in depth study of some of the re-rolling mills with the following
objectives:
Classification of environmental problems (cluster/isolation) of re-rolling mills

located in different geographical areas;
Recommendation of modification needed in existing design & firing practices
to control pollution suggesting suitable air pollution control systems including
remedial measures for prevention of fugitive emissions.
Identification of clean technology options, if any, for re-rolling mills for efficient
pollution control and energy conservation;
Guidelines/store of Minimal National Environmental Standards (MINAS) for
effluent, emissions and noise for the re-rolling mills keeping in view the National
Environmental Policy-2006.
Based on the study MECON suggested the following :
161 | Page
Control of air/fuel ratio in furnace

Use of temperature controller and indicators at various zones
Waste Heat Recovery from Furnace Flue Gases and Minimising Wall Losses
Use of Ceramic Fibre and Ceramic Coatings in Furnace chamber
Control of Furnace Draft and Furnace Pressure
Zero water discharges facility and Utilization of the solid waste
Crop Length optimization and Universal Spindles
Anti Friction Roller Bearings
Lubrication Technology and Slit rolling technology
Endless Wielding Rolling.
Proposed standards are:-
Stack Particulate Matter (PM): 150 mg/Nm3 (Coal based Units)

75 mg/Nm3 (Furnace Oil/Gas based Units)
Work Zone Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) should not exceed 2000
g/m3 at a distance of 10 m (approx.) from the sources.
Waste water discharge should conform to
pH - Between 5.5 to 9.0

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) - 100 mg/l
Oil and Grease (O&G) - 10 mg/l
Development of guidelines for management of Solid and Hazardous Waste

generated from Integrated Iron & Steel Industry and Development of guidelines
for control of fugitive emission in Integrated Iron & Steel Plant
The guidelines for management of solid and hazardous waste from steel sector
suggested efficient management practices for solid & hazardous wastes disposal
in an economically attractive and adoptable way. It also includes present status of
solid and hazardous waste generation & disposal, sampling & analysis methods,
best practices & technologies for waste minimization, possibilities of waste reuse
within the plant etc.
These Guidelines were developed to control non ducted emissions generated in

substantial quantity from various process operations including raw material
handling, coke making, sintering, iron making, lime dolo plant and steel making in
BOF plant.
Guidelines on techno-economic feasibility of implementation of zero liquid

discharge (ZLD) for water polluting industries; and Action plan for 5 Sectors
towards ZLD in Ganga basin states
Standards for effluent/ emission discharge from different industrial sectors have
been notified under the Environment Protection Act, 1986. The notified standards
162 | Page
permit industries to discharge effluents. It has been observed that industries fail to
meet the standards many times and as a result, rivers like Ganga and its tributaries
dilution is available in river the pollution load. Recognition the problems that many
industrial sectors are not achieving the standards necessitated working towards
Zero Liquid / water conservation and management as a regulatory requirement.
Zero Liquid discharge refers to system that enables for absolute recycling of ZLD
certified based on two broad parameters that is, water consumption versus waste
water re-used or and corresponding solids recovered (percent total dissolved /
suspended solids in effluents).
ZLD a system enables the industry to recover clean water (permeate) for revering
using back the industrial processes or domestic use and not subjecting to any
disposal premises. Adoption of Zero Liquid Discharge shall be zero-down organic
load, recover salts and other constituents. The accomplishment of ZLD would need
physical and chemical treatment and followed by biological system to remove organic
load.
The treated effluents are then subjected for concentration and evaporation. The
concentration stage involves the adoption of Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Nano
Filtration (NF) methods while. The evaporation stage involve incineration/ drying /
evaporation of effluent in multi effect evaporators (MEE). In sectors like sugar and
to larger extent in Pulp & Paper sector water conservation and water management is
considered as important as ZLD in other sectors.
163 | Page
Annexure -1
Action plan for distilleries in Ganga Basin for achieving Zero Liquid Discharge:
S. Activity Short Term Long Term
No.
1. Issuing direction u/s 18 (1) (b) of the Water By24th Feb, 2015
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
to all the State Boards in the Ganga Basin
states for ensuring Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD)
by distilleries. Industries shall install systems
for Solid separation (R.O etc) or adopt advanced
technologies (continuous fermentation, multi
pressure distillation, integrated evaporation,
etc) for reduction in spent wash generation upto
6-8KL/KL of alcohol production. Industries shall
also install evaporation & concentration system
and incineration (MEE/Incineration Boiler or
any other appropriate technology) for disposal of
concentrated spent wash and;
Reduction in raw water consumption
Installation of monitoring system for water
consumption & reuse
Zero discharge of other effluents apart from
spent wash
Linking Consent Order with the compliance of
these directions
2. Issue of direction by concerned State Pollution 15 days
Control Boards to individual industries for (from the date
implementation of CPCB directions of issue of
direction)
3.. Meeting with industrial association representatives 10 days
for deliberations on the action plan
4. Submission of action plan by individual industries 30 days
for installation of Solid separation/adopting (from the date of
advanced process technologies, evaporation & issue of direction
concentration, and incineration systems. by SPCB)
5. Monitoring of distilleries in the Ganga Basin (30 Before 30th March,
units ongoing, as covered under PMO action plan) as scheduled
for verification of compliance to earlier direction
and achievement of ZLD.
6. Installation of Solid separation system (such as September,
R.O) by individual industries, those who are opting 2015
for it.
7. Review meeting for verifying the Status of October, 2015
Installation of Solid separation system by individual
industries.
8. Adoption of advanced technologies (continuous March, 2016
fermentation, multi pressure distillation, integrated
evaporation, etc) for reduction in spent wash
generation upto 6-8KL/KL of alcohol production,
by industries opting for it.
164 | Page

No.
9. Review meeting for verifying the Status of Adoption April, 2016
of advanced technologies and reduction in Spent
wash generation to 6-8KL/KL of alcohol
10. Installation of evaporation & concentration and
incineration system (such as MEE and incineration
boiler) for achieving zero discharge by individual
industries who;
a. Has installed solid separation system (such as March, 2016
R.O, etc)
b. Has adopted advanced process technologies for September,
reducing spent wash generation to 6-8KL/KL of 2016
alcohol production
11. Review meeting for verifying the Status of
Installation of evaporation & concentration and
incineration system by individual industries who;
a. Has installed solid separation system (such as April, 2016
R.O, etc)
b. Has adopted advanced process technologies for October, 2016
reducing spent wash generation to 6-8KL/KL of
alcohol production
Note:
a. If the individual industries fail to install the solid separation system (R.O, etc) within 6
months time, the Consent to Operate issued by the State Pollution Control Boards shall be
withdrawn.
b. If the individual industries fail to adopt advanced technologies (continuous fermentation,
multi pressure distillation, integrated evaporation, etc) for reduction in spent wash generation
upto 6-8KL/KL of alcohol production, within 12 months, the Consent to Operate issued by the
State Pollution Control Boards shall be withdrawn.
c. The Consent to Operate issued by the State Pollution Control Boards shall be withdrawn.
If the individual industries fail to install the evaporation & concentration, and incineration
systems (MEE, incineration boiler, etc) within;
i. 12 months time (those who have installed solid separation system (such as R.O, etc)
ii. 18 months time (those who have adopted advanced process technologies for reducing spent
wash generation to 6-8KL/KL of alcohol production).
165 | Page
Annexure -II
Action Plan for Pulp & Paper Industries operating in Ganga River Basin:
S. Activities Time Schedule
No. Short term Long term
A. Zero Black Liquor Discharge in Agro based Mills
operating in Uttarakhand & Uttar Pradesh
1. CPCB issued directions on 27/22/2014 under section February

18(1)(b) of the Water Act, 1974 issued to UPPCB March, 2015
and UEPPCB to complete stoppage of Black Liquor
discharge through commissioning of chemical recovery
plants (CRPs) by agro based mills or their shifting to
waste paper based production;
100% compliance with zero black liquor discharge could
be done by dismantling of digesters/ chemical pulping
facilities from mill not having CRPs by December 31,
2014;
Joint inspections to ensure dismantling of digesters
B. Zero Black Liquor Discharge in Agro based Mills

operating in other Ganga River Basin States
2. Agro based Kraft Pulp & Paper Mills located in Ganga April 30, 2015
River Basin States, except Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand,
and having LRP facilities to shift to CRP/ CCRP; to
submit to SPCBs/ PCCs, supporting documents such as
work orders, pay orders, photographs, etc. towards their
commitments for installation of CRP/ common CRP based
on either conventional or fluidized bed processes, to the
satisfaction of SPCBs/ CPCB within 30 day, failing which
such pulp & paper Mills to dismantle and remove chemical
pulping facilities from the Units premises and shift to
RCF based production within 30 days. Commissioning of
CRP shall be completed before March 31, 2016.
3. Commissioning of CRP/ CCRP in Agro based Kraft Paper March 31,

Mills in Ganga River Basin States, other than Uttar 2016
Pradesh & Uttarakhand
C. Charter for Water Recycling & Pollution Prevention in Pulp & Paper industries
(Specific Charter for Ganga River Basin nine States) (Copy of the Charter annexed)
4. Issuance of Directions by CPCB under section 18(1)(b) of February 20,

the Water/ Air Acts to SPCBs of Ganga River Basin States 2015
(nine States) for issuance of directions under Water/
Air Acts to industries for implementation of the Charter
specific to Ganga River Basin States.
5. Issuance of Directions by SPCBs under section 33 (A) of March 6, 2015

the Water Act & 31(A) of Air Act to identified Pulp & Paper
industries for implementation of the Charter;
166 | Page

6. SPCBs to amend the Consent to Operate issued under March, 2015
the Water Act, 1974 and the Air Act, 1981 to Pulp &
Paper industries and to link the Consent to Operate
with time bound compliance of plan of activities, fresh
water consumption norms, effluent generation norms,
treated effluent discharge norms as prescribed under the
Charter, and individual action plans submitted by the
industry to implement the bare minimum technology as
prescribed under the Charter. SPCB shall review/ renew
the consent issued to industry on six monthly basis,
based on the implementation status. If the industry fails
to comply with the Charter time schedule, consent to be
revoked.
D. Miles Stones of Charter Implementation Programme

(For all categories of mills)
7. Continuous online effluent/ emission monitoring system March 31,

2015
8. Joining mills to third parties, namely CPPCRI/ industry April 2015

associations/ R&D institutions to facilitate the Charter
implementation & coordination
9. Self Assessment: Inventory of existing process technologies April 2015

& practices, identification of upgradation requirement
and preparation of action plan for upgradation of process
technology with supporting document & pert chart
10. Self Assessment: Preparation of report of existing water April 2015

consumption- section wise, reuse/ recycle practices;
Preparation of work plan to achieve fresh water
requirement targets
11. Self Assessment: Preparation of ETP adequacy assessment April 2015

report; and proposed augmentation and up-gradation
plan, design/ drawing, along with monthly PERT Chart
12. Third Party evaluation & validation of self assessment May 2015
reports
13. Installation of sealed flow meter and running hours meter April 2015
on bore wells and inlet pipe line of different process
section i.e. pulp mill, paper machine, boiler etc
14. Colour coding of pipe lines carrying recycled process May 2015
water and fresh process water
15. Maintenance of log book to record daily water drawl Monthly

from bore well and water consumption unit wise after
installation of meter
167 | Page

16. Self Monitoring & Reporting: Monthly
ETP performance monitoring by individual Mills and
maintenance of Log Book as per the prescribed format
17. Submission of monthly progress reports to third parties/ Monthly

SPCBs
18. Verification of progress and reporting by third parties/ Quarterly

SPCBs
19. Regulatory review by CPCB/ SPCBs Periodic
20. Organisation of training programmes on process Periodic

technology, best practices, ETP operation & maintenance,
Sample analysis etc
21. Upgradation/ modification and augmentation of ETP March 31,

upto tertiary treatment level 2016
22. Commissioning of projects to achieve zero effluent March 31,

discharge into recipient river streams through interception, 2017
diversion & disposal of treated effluent for beneficial
purposes such as irrigation & recreation, etc. by Pulp &
Paper industries operating in Ganga River Basin States
168 | Page
Annexure - III
Action Plan for Tannery Sector in Ganga basin
S. Activity Time Target
No.
1. Issuing of directions by CPCB to UPPCB to direct the Activity completed.
three CETPs for tanneries clusters in Kanpur (Jajmau) The directions issued to
and Unnao (Unnao and Banthar) to submit time bound UPPCB on 28.10.2014
action plans within 3 months for up-gradation of the
CETPs within one year to comply effluent standards
for all parameters including TDS, which requires
implementation of ZLD systems.
2. Discussions among experts and stakeholders on Activity completed.
technological and cost aspects of implementation of ZLD Discussions held on
systems 11.12.2014 and the findings
included in the combined
document on ZLD circulated
to SPCBs.
3. Issuing of directions by UPPCB to the three CETPs for Activity completed.
tanneries clusters in Kanpur and Unnao to submit time The directions issued to the
bound action plans within 3 months for up-gradation of three CETPs on 25.11.2014
the CETPs and achieving ZLD within one year. (Jajmau CETP) and 1.1.2015
(Unnao and Banthar CETPs)
4. Submission of time bound action plans by the three 31.3.2015
CETPs for tanneries clusters in Kanpur and Unnao within
3 months for up-gradation of the CETPs and achieving
ZLD within one year.
5. Up-gradation of the three CETPs for tanneries clusters in 31.3.2016
Kanpur and Unnao and achieving ZLD.
CETPs up-gradation to fulfil following conditions:
SPV formation and contribution of equity by all
contributing tanneries
Collective chrome recovery unit in the CETPs
Safeguard primary treatment system in the CETPs
Distribution of recovered water for reuse in tanneries
process
The reduced water requirement of tanneries to be met by
regulated municipal water supply.
No withdrawal of ground water in the area after ZLD
implementation.
Renewal of Consent-to- Operate to tanneries in Kanpur
and Unnao clusters to be decided on the basis of progress
on implementation of the ZLD. No renewal of Consent to
Operate if ZLD not achieved by 31.3.2016
6. Monthly monitoring of ZLD compliance April 2016 onwards
Note:
There are 4 operational standalone tanneries in Kanpur(2) and Unnao(2). UPPCB will be asked to
direct these tanneries to join the upgraded CETPs. There are 33 standalone tanneries in Yamuna
basin (Haryana and Western U.P.) and 6 standalone tanneries in Muzaffarpur district in Bihar.
These tanneries will treat effluent through individual ETPs.
169 | Page
Annexure -IV
ACTION PLAN FOR TEXTILE SECTOR
N.
1. Cost Analysis of ZLD based CETPs in Textile sector 15-03-2015 -
& compilation of data
(Specific information from Tirupur and Ludhiana
CETPs to be collected for cost comparison)
2. Meeting with Industrial Association/SPCBs 04-03-2015 -
On cluster information
Technical issues
Knowledge sharing
3. Details of SSI units/clusters of Textiles in 5 states. 31-03-2015 -
Updating present system of effluent discharge/non
working of CETPs/other issues.
Details of clusters at Varanasi, Bhadohi,
Farrukhabad in U.P
Updating the ETP status of large Textile
Implementation of ZLD in composite/large
plants
Non-working of CETP at Bhadohi.
4. Issue of Direction u/s 18(1)(b) to 5 Ganga basin -
states
ZLD based ETPs in all major industries. 25-03-2015
Time bound action plan for clusters and CETPs
Process improvements
5. Charter for Operational Improvements in 25-04-2015
Textile sector based on inputs from Industrial
association/SPCBs
Dye-bath section
Boiler section
Printing section
Finished cloth washing section
Adoption of continuous bleaching
Adoption of new technology in dyeing ( cold pad
batch, ATIRA process)
Natural Dyes
Recovery of salt, latex etc
Technology options in ZLD
6. Preparation of DPR by identified institute and June 2015 -
SPCB
(Varanasi, Farrukkabad, Kanpur, Bhadohi)
Follow up of progress by CPCB
7. Installation/up gradation of CETPs for achieving - 2016-17
ZLD in selected clusters
(Minimum Two clusters in U.P)
8. Notification of Charter/revised Standards - December 2015
9. Review meeting for assessment of progress - February 2016
170 | Page
Annexure -V
ACTION PLAN FOR SUGAR SECTOR
N
1. Issue of Direction u/s 18(1)(b) to 5 Ganga basin states 27-02-2015 -
To Achieve 40 L/T of cane crushed by November 2015
On the basis of water conservation & water management
In plant improvement
With modification/addition of equipments (unit to unit if
required)
Irrigation plan as part of consent management
2. Meeting with Industrial Association/SPCBs By 04-03- -
Issues on new direction 2015
Issues of non achieving CREP conditions
Unit wise achievements on direction issued on November
2014
3. Follow-up and updation of directions/information industry- 31-03-2015 -
wise
Present water intake and utilization of effluent shall be
focused
Irrigation plan, study of soil characteristics etc.
Review on each points in the direction/documentation
4. Preparation of Charter for Water management in Sugar 30-05-2015 -
Industry based on review of Good Practices followed in
industry/ consultation with research institutes/ review
outcome of direction. Possible points for inclusion section
wise and activity wise:
Mill House waste management
Boiler house and boiler blow down
Evaporator & Pan boiling section
Floor washing, Molasses handling etc
Handling of spray pond water/overflow
Mini cooling tower for condensate handling
Oil& Grease Handling/separation technology
Modifications in the ETP
Handling of waste material like boiler ash, press mud and
bagasse.
Sludge thickener as part of ETP
Establishment of environmental laboratory
Effluent online monitoring system
5. Review meeting with Industries/SPCBs - August
Improvement/pay back in achieving good practices 2015
Review of policy
6. Identifying the industries, achieved 40L/T of cane crushed/ - November
Technology improvement done/Documentation of work carried 2015
out industry wise/ Dos & Donts/operation improvement
7. Notification of revised standards/charter for Sugar industry - November
2015
8. Review Meeting for assessment of progress - December
Modification of charter based on experience gained 2015
171 | Page
DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND MANAGEMENT OF END OF

LIFE VEHICLES (ELVS) IN INDIA
With the rapid growth in the vehicular population in the country, the disposal &
recycling of End of Life Vehicles (ELVs) in an environmentally sound manner has
emerged as an area of concern. CPCB and GIZ-IGEP (Indo German Environment
Programme) initiated a collaborative study to address the issue of ELVs in the country.
Enalysis of ELV market in Delhi was already done, therefore to make the study more
representative of the entire country, five automotive hubs namely Chennai, Pune,
Indore, Jamshedpur & Kolkata were selected for assessment of ELV sector. The
sector study of ELVs in these five hubs has been completed and the draft report on
ELV sector in the country prepared. The study will bring out National Guidelines
on Environmentally sound recycling & disposal of ELVs in India.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INDUSTRIAL DOCUMENT FOR

AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRIES IN INDIA
The Automobile Sector generates pollution not only through tail-pipe emissions
during the On - Road uses of the vehicles but also during production process of the
automotive. Its sector specific standards for Automobile Manufacturing Industries
have not been developed. Therefore CPCB has taken up the study on preparation of
COINDS for Automobile manufacturing industries. The study aims at in-depth study
of Indian automobile sector for identification of various sources of pollution from
these Industries, Identification of appropriate technologies for the control of water
pollution, air pollution and fugitive emissions under Indian conditions & development
of environmental standards for the automobile industry. The study was executed
along with The Energy & Resource Institute (TERI), N. Delhi. The final report of the
study has been prepared & the finding of the study will be presented before the Peer
& Core Committee for the finalization of the Environmental standards.
INVENTORIZATION OF RAILWAY SIDINGS AND GUIDELINES FOR THEIR

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
CPCB on Inventorization of Railway Sidings and development of guidelines for their
Environmental Management. The study aims at Inventorization of major railway
sidings of the country & development of Guidelines for Environmental Management
of Railway sidings handling industrial materials. The final report of the study has
been prepared and will be shared with Railways, Industries & other concerned
stakeholders for the implementation.
GUIDELINES ON ODOUR MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT IN URBAN MUNICIPAL

SOLID WASTE LANDFILL SITE
Odour is the most complex of all the air pollutants, besides petroleum hydrocarbons
there are other odorants too. Odour emission originate principally from the
atmospheric release of compounds deriving from biological and chemical processes
172 | Page
of waste decomposition. The most common offensive odour in public domain is

caused by the anaerobic decay of wet organic matter (MSW). Obnoxious or bad
odours emanating from a landfill may have a number of effects, including general
annoyance; loss of amenity; loss of apetite and or sleep. Human response to
odour is higly subjective Some people are particularly sensitive and may object to
odours that others may not be able to detect. Even nominally pleasant odours can
become a nuisance over time. This study was initiated focus w.r.t. odour survey
and preparation of National guidelines for Odour Monitoring and Management in
Urban Municipal Solid Waste landfill site in metro cities.
GUIDELINES ON FUGITIVE EMISSION MONITORING METHODS

Fugitive emissions are commonly referred to as gaseous / particulate pollutants
escape with the environment without passing through a controlled emission point
like a smoke stack or chimney. They are emitted from equipment, pipe lines, seals,
valves during transfer of materials from the storage, handling and processing stages.
Fugitive emissions are basically loss of raw material and account for significant
financial loss in plant operations. Fugitive emissions often pose occupational health
& safety risks at workplace as both on their inhalation or a fire hazard if leakage is
inflammable
Unlike source emissions (ex-stacks), fugitive emissions usually cannot be measured

directly using existing standard techniques. Although schedule I of Environmental(
protection) Rules 1986 prescribes fugitive emission standards for some industrial
categories, however these emissions are difficult to quantify with a high degree of
accuracy. Development of reliable, applicable measurement procedures is necessary
for development of strategies for the control of fugitive emissions. Guidelines on
Fugitive emission Monitoring Methods was intoled with the objective of ascertaining
the different sampling / monitoring methods for the measurement of fugitive emission
is under preparation.
173 | Page
CHAPTER XI
PROSECUTIONS LAUNCHED, CONVICTION SECURED AND DIRECTIONS

GIVEN FOR CLOSURE OF POLLUTING INDUSTRIES
Inspection of Industries by ZO Lucknow

Inspection of 193 industries was carried out in north zone during the year. Inspection
was undertaken for NGT references, Compliance of verification of directions, ESS
Programme and other enforcement activities. Apart from above, status of inspection
of 307 industries carried out under NGRBA project is discussed ahead:
ESS Inspections
S. No. State No. of Units
1 Uttar Pradesh 05
2 Punjab 02
3 Haryana 02
4 Himachal Pradesh 01
9 Uttrakhand 02
Compliance verification of CPCB Directions

Sl. No. State No. of Industries
1 Uttar Pradesh 43
2 Uttarakhand 06
NGT reference inspection

1 Uttar Pradesh 105
2 Uttarakhand 18
Inspection of Common Facilities

Sl. No. Types of facilities No. of Industries
1 CETP 05
2 STP 16
3 MSWMP 02
4 TSDF 01
5 BMWTF 01
174 | Page
Inspection of Grossly Polluting Industries (NGRBA)

1 Uttar Pradesh 269*
*include PMO references, NGT inspection
Inspection under PMO reference

SNo. State No. of Industries
1 Uttar Pradesh 111
Besides above inspection, 02 industries were inspected under Rule 11 and 03

industries were inspected for verification of public complaint.
Salient observations in some of the industries in UP and Uttarakhand states are

summarized below:
SUGAR:
1. Most of the Sugar industres have not operated / stabilize then ETP one month
before starting of cane crushing and even not operate the ETP after completion
of the crushing season. Washing, cleaning effluent the discharging into river/
drain through storm water drain.
2. Poor operation of ETP during crushing season.
3. Sugar unit have not established environmental lab for analysis of environmental
sample.
4. Flow meters tube wells neither record of the fresh water consumption and
effluent discharge is maintained.
5. Press mud is not utilized and is dispose off /stored in the open area.
6. Poor compliance of CREP recommendations.
7. Condensate water is discharged into nalla.
DISTILLERY
1. Storage capacity of spent wash is more than the 30 days equivalent of wash
generation spent in most of the distillery.
2. Most of the distilleries on doing bio-composting. Bio-composting is not properly
carried out. Bio-compost yard do not have proper catch pit and catch drain for
collection and reuse of run off.
3. Some of the distilleris, doing bio-composting, ware found the have operated
during rainy season as against the EC condition.
4. Compliance of protocol of Bio-composting is very poor.
5. No provision mode for ground water quality monitoring around the bio-compost
yard.
6. Prepared bio-compost is not utilized by the unit.
7. Spent lees, condensate, floor washing effluent is discharged directly to the
nalla/river.
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PULP AND PAPER

1. Operation and maintenance of ETP is poor in most of the units.
2. Poor handling of ETP sludge in absence of proper sludge handling system.
3. Housekeeping is poor in most of the paper units.
ENFORECEMENT (ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE SQUAD (ESS) by ZO
Vadodara
The Vadodara Office enspected 12 industries (08-Gujarat, 04-Maharashtra) under
ESS programme while 27 industries were enspected (14-Gujarat, 13- Maharashtra)
as follow up for verification of directions issued U/S 5 of the E (P) Act, 1986 based
on the earlier visits.
Besides this following VIP complaints were also attended:
MIDC Ranjhangaon Area, Dist. Pune visited and monitored with respect to a
complaint (VIP Reference) regarding untreated industrial effluents into drains
and water bodies.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) dumping sites of Mumbai inspected with Municipal
Corporation of Greater Mumbai & MPCB in the matter of unscientific disposal
of MSW.
ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE SQUAD (ESS) by ZO-bhopal
Under Environmental Surveillance Squad programme Zonal Office, Bhopal carried
out 10 inspections.
ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE SQUAD (ESS) by ZO-Bengaluru

Under ESS activities, highly polluting units falling under 17 categories are selected
through computerized random generation system for surprise inspection/ monitoring
to check the compliance of consent conditions, standards, CREP, etc. Based on the
inspection reports, letters/directions are issued depending on severity of violations
either under Section 18(1) (b) of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1974 or under Section (5) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
In the first half of financial year 2014-15, the in seption under were kept on ESS
inspections and again resumed from the month of November, 2014. 14 no. of industries
were inspected as detailed at table. Apart from these, many other industries were
inspected ESS follow up for compliance verification.
176 | Page
Table : Status of ESS inspection during 2014-15

State Number Number No action General Directions Directions
of visits of units required/ Letter u/s 18(1)(b) u/s 5 of
inspected unit found from of the Water E(P)
closed H.O. and Air Acts
Andhra Pradesh 1 4 0 4 0 0
Goa 0 0 0 0 0 0
Karnataka 1 3 0 2 1 0
Kerala 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pondicherry 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tamil Nadu 2 7 1 6 0 0
Telangana 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 4 14 1 12 1 0
Status of Legal Cases

The Zonal Office (South), Bengaluru is dealing with the legal issues pertaining to
Southern Region in National Green Tribunal (SZ) Chennai & Goa and National Green
Tribunal (WZ) Pune and other cases in Honble High Courts & District Courts of the
respective states.
One of the 34 cases ongoing legal bench of NGT 11 cases has been disposed. One
case was filed before Honble Court ofIII Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate
at Gajuwaka, Vizag was against M/s Hinduja National Power Corporation Ltd for
violation of CRZ under Section 15 of E (P) Act, 1986.
Table : Court wise details of cases handled
No. of cases on going No. of cases disposed
NGT, Chennai 14 06
NGT, Pune 01 Nil
High Court of Madras 06 01
High Court of Kerala 07 03
Court of III Additional Chief Metropolitan 01 Nil
Magistrate at Gajuwaka, Vizag
High Court of Andhra Pradesh 01 01
High Court of Karnataka 03 Nil
Court of Chief Judicial Magistrate at 01 Nil
Puducherry
Total 34 11
Status of Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index

Nine areas in Southern Zone namely Patancheru Bollaram and Vishakhapatnam
in Andhra Pradesh, Bhadravathi and Mangalore in Karnataka, Greater Kochi in
Kerala, Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Manali and Vellore in Tamil Nadu are identified
as Critically Polluted Area (CPA) .
177 | Page
The remedial action plans are under implementation respective State Boards as
and Moratorium lifted from seven areas namely Vishakhapatnam, Bhadravathi,
Mangalore, Greater Kochi, Coimbatore, Cuddalore and Manali.
Monitoring of Dioxin and Furan was carried out at Coimbatore and Manali area
under CEPI
Inspection of industries for National Awards
During the financial year, M/s ITC Ltd., Paper Boards & Specialty paper
Division, Bhadrachalam, Sarapaka, Khammam District, Telangana M/s
Ramco Cements Limited, Salem Cement Grinding Unit, Singhipuram (Po),
Valapadi Taluk, Salem District-636115, Tamil Nadu and M/s Ramco Cements
Limited, Alathiyur Works, Sendurai, Ariyalur (Dist.), Tamil Nadu, short listed
for consideration of National Awards for Clean Technology and Rajiv Gandhi
Environment for Clean Technology were inspected by south zonal office.
178 | Page
FINANCE AND ACCOUNTS

Chapter XII
179 | Page
Chapter XIII
ANNUAL ACTION PLAN FOR THE YEAR 2014-15
Annual Action Plan 2014-15

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is coordinating with the State Pollution
Control Boards (SPCBs) and Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) on execution of
nation-wide programmes relating to abatement of pollution. The activities mandated
to CPCB are diversified in nature which includes; monitoring of ambient environment,
formulation of standards and guidelines and providing implementation status
reports to the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) on rules framed under
the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
The Annual Action Plan (Work Plan) of CPCB for 2013-14 has laid emphasis on
strengthening of environmental monitoring network, carrying out random checks of
industries for compliance verification, review of existing standards and development
of new standards and inventorisation of wastes. Capacity development of SPCBs
through trainings and organizing/participation in mass awareness programmes will
be the continued activity. Specific attention will be given on strengthening of existing
Zonal Offices and opening of two new Zonal Offices, i.e. one at Chennai and another
at Chandigarh.
The functions of CPCB are specified under Section (16) of the Water (Prevention &
Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act,
1981. CPCB is also coordinating important activities under the Water (Prevention
& Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 and various functions entrusted under the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Rules made there under. Functions of CPCB
are specified under Section 16(2) of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and these are
as under:
Advise the Central Government on any matter concerning prevention and

control of water and air pollution and improvement of the quality of air;
Co-ordinate the activities of the State Boards and resolve disputes among
them;
Plan and organize training of persons engaged in programmes for the prevention,
Provide technical assistance and guidance to State Boards, Carry out and
sponsor investigation and research relating to problems of water and air
pollution and prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;
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Organize through mass media, a comprehensive mass awareness programme

on prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;
Collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to water
and air pollution and measures derived for their effective prevention, control or
abatement, Prepare manuals, codes and guides relating to prevention, control
or abatement of water and air pollution;
Lay down, modify or annul, in consultation with State Governments, standards
for stream and well and lay down standards for the quality of air;
Plan and cause to be executed a nation-wide programme for the prevention and
Perform such other functions as and when prescribed by the Government of
India;
Central Board may establish or recognize a laboratory or laboratories to enable
the Board to perform its functions efficiently including the analysis of water
from any stream or well or of samples or ambient air or trade effluents and
emissions;
Central Board may delegate any of its functions under the Water and Air Act
to such person or body of persons or Committees for proper discharge of its
functions and generally for the purpose of carrying into effect the purposes of
these Acts as Central Government may specify.
181 | Page
CHAPTER XIV
OTHER IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES DEALT BY

CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
14. Inspection of Common Facilities
14.1 Treatment Storage & Disposal Facilities (TSDF)

Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility (CHWTSDF)
- Haryana, Village - Pali District- Faridabad, Haryana
The Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage Disposal Facility (CHWTSDF)
(hereafter referred as The facility) in Haryana located at Pali Mohabatabad Stone
Crusher Zone, Village Pali, Faridabad-Gurgaon Road, District Faridabad, Haryana
has capacity of approx. 12, 00,000 m3 sufficient to cater the HW for 30 years. The
operator has also installed an incinerator of capacity 500 kg/hr for incinerating
the hazardous waste. Apart from the above, the operator has put up an Alternate
Fuel Resource Facility (AFRF) to prepare waste blend with moderate to high calorific
value (approx. 2000 Kcal/kg) to be used as fuel in the cement kiln. The facility has
an agreement with M/s Lafarge Cement for copracrsy of the processed fuel to their
Chhattisgarh plant. The observations are as below:
1. The facility with cumulative land fill capacity of 16, 47,000 MT. The facility has
2236 member units. The facility has collected approx. 48,400 MT of HW from
member units till August2014. After receiving, the HW is processed, treated
and disposed as per the Decision making Matrix for HW Processing. The HW
collected is presently filled in the first cell 1A having capacity of 1.2-1.4 MT.
The Second Cell of SLF would be developed after closure of the first cell.
2. The facility is equipped with computerized weighing system, waste inspection
facility and waste testing laboratory for analysing the characteristic of the
HW. After pre-inspection, the waste is sent for further processing as per the
Decision Making Matrix.
3. The facility operator possesses its own collection vehicles, which are equipped
with GPS tracking system for transportation of hazardous waste upto the site
from member units.
4. The TSDF facility has made three different storage sheds for storing HW
classified as per Decision making matrix separately. The storage areas have
been provided proper slope with collection pit to arrest any Spillage/ Leachate/
Runoff.
5. The facility has been maintaining the industry-wise records of HW quantity of
waste received including characteristic and identification of the storage area
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where it is placed, along with further treatment and disposal method for the
said waste.
6. Vehicles are not provided without spark proof canopy.
7. The facility has provided fire fighting arrangement and smoke detection sensors
at the HW storage area. Apart from this, guiding sign boards showing safety
and precautionary measures in case of emergency are also displayed.
8. The facility has installed a Double-Chambered incinerator of capacity 2.5
M.Kcal/hr (equivalent to 500-600kg/hr) for incineration of solid/semi solid/
liquid incinerable HW. The incinerator is equipped with Venturi-scrubber
followed by Packed-bed scrubber and High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA)
filter as air pollution control system. The emissions are emitted through a
stack of 30m height. The incinerator has arrangement also to release the high
pressure development in the furnace.
9. The operator has also installed on-line monitoring system for measuring gaseous
emission.
10. The team carried out of the stack monitoring at the facility. During monitoring,
a feed rate of 600 kg/hr was maintained and waste like car roof head line,
cotton waste, Rejected Tin, ETP sludge were incinerated. The temperatures in
Primary & Secondary chamber during monitoring were observed to be 850oC and
1150oC respectively. The negative draft of 4mm water column was observed in
the primary chamber. The analysis results of the same are presented below
Sampling location Parameters (mg/Nm3)
Particulate Matter Sulphur di-oxide
Incinerator stack 38 BDL
Prescribed incinerator norms 50 200
From the analysis results it is evident that the hazardous waste incinerator is complying
with the emission norms w.r.t . PM and SO2.
11. The effluent generated from various sources in the facility like scrubbing,
Leachate collection pit, vehicle washing pits and laboratory effluent etc is sent
to in house Effluent Treatment Plant having treatment capacity of 50 KLD and
is based on Physico-chemical process.
The ETP plant is operated batch wise. The facility has installed filter press for
dewatering the ETP sludge. The filtrate is sent to the collection tank of ETP and
wet cake to drying beds for further drying and disposed of drilake in the SLF site.
The facility is reportedly recycling/reusing the ETP treated effluent in the Venturi
as well as Packed-bed scrubber.
12. Leachate was observed in the Leachate collection pit. The levels of Leachate are
measured on daly bases and records maintained.
13. The facility has installed two piezoelectric wells at upstream and downstream
locations of the land fill site for monitoring ground water. Water samples from
183 | Page
both the locations were collected to assess impact, if any on the ground water.
The result of the same are presented below:
Sampling locations Parameters
pH Cond. TDS Ca+2 Mg+2 Cl- So42- Nitrate Nitrite
Upstream GW 6.76 391 217 31.6 8.79 26.7 8.29 0.746 BDL
Downstream GW 7.04 1067 632 50.3 23.3 121 65.3 1.126 0.196
Parameters Am. Nitrogen Alkalinity COD Cr+6
Upstream GW 0.028 233 BDL BDL
Downstream GW 0.268 334 5.83 BDL
All values are in mg/l except pH & conductivity.
The results indicate a significant difference between the quality of groundwater at

u/s & d/s location a downstream section have shown increased trend vis--vis the
upstream section. Further, the assessment is complemented with the presence of
COD in the ground water at d/s location. Hence, further detailed study of the ground
water quality in the area is needed to corroborate the facts and link the increased
concentration at d/s location to contamination due to Leachate percolation.
14. Three ambient air quality monitoring stations have be installed 1 up wind and
2 in downwind direction. The stations were operational during inspection.
15. It was observed that the facility does not have enough plantations. The operator
has reported that being a rocky area only limited number of vegetation/
plantations are supported.
14.2 Performance evaluation of CETPs located at Haryana
C.2.1. CETP-Ballabgarh:
Salient Observations:
1. As alkaline & acidic discharges are segregated right from the point of generation
the CETP has two parallel streams of treatment for alkaline and acidic effluents
and the treatment is done out batch-wise.
2. The treatment schemes are mentioned below:
(A) Alkaline Effluent Treatment Scheme
The capacity of alkaline stream treatment plant is 250 KLD. The treatment plant
comprises of: Screen chamber >> Oil & Grease skimmer >> Equalization Tank
>> Reaction Tank-I (dosing of sodium hypochlorite and chlorine) >> Reaction
Tank-II >> Clarifier.
The settled sludge from clarifier is pumped to the centrifugal sludge dryer for
dewatering. The dryed sludge is stored in pits & the filtrate is sent back to the
equalization tank for treatment.
The CETP has installed on-line pH meter and automatic chemical dosing system
at the alkaline stream treatment plant.
184 | Page
(B) Acidic & Chromic Effluent Treatment Scheme

The capacity of acidic stream treatment plant is 380 KLD. The treatment
plant comprises of: Screen & Grit Chamber >> Oil separator >> Equalization
Tank >> Reaction Tank (dosing of sulphuric acid) >> Reaction tank-III (dosing
sodium Meta disulphide) >> Reaction Tank-IV (dosing Lime) >> Clarifier (dosing
polyelectrolyte).
The settled sludge from clarifier is pumped to the centrifugal sludge dryer for
dewatering the sludge. The dryed sludge is stored in pit and the filtrate is sent
to the equalization tank for treatment.
Normal dostoy is prefered at the acidic & chromic treatment plant.
4. The analysis results of its the sample of taken from inlet and outlet of the acidic
& chromic effluent stream to assess the performance & compliance status of the
CETP plant below:
Sampling Parameters
locations pH Color EC. SS S P Phenol O&G COD
Inlet of CETP 1.94 625 18340 98.7 BDL 0.74 BDL BDL 316
Outlet of CETP 7.84 15 11140 55.6 BDL 0.16 1.64 BDL 169
Prescribed CPCB 5.5-9.0 - - 100 2 5 - 10 250
CETP Outlet norms*
Parameters Cd Cr (T) Cu Fe Ni Pb Zn
Inlet of CETP 0.554 49.24 7.81 555 3.98 0.58 171
Outlet of CETP 0.158 0.07 2.04 2.36 0.37 0.22 1.05
CETP norms* 1.0 2.0 3.0 -- 3.0 0.1 5.0
Note: 1) All values are in mg/l except pH

* The CETP norms are applicable for discharge into Inland surface water
It is evident from the analysis results that the facility the value of generally
complying with the prescribed discharge standards except for the parameter
Lead (Pb) which was 0.22 mg/l as against the norm of 0.1 mg/l in the outlet.
3. The treated effluent from facility is discharged into the adjoining municipal
sewer which ultimately meets River Yamuna.
4. Both the centrifugal dryers were non-operational. However, it was imformed
that the dryers are operatal only in case of excess sludge generation.
5. The alkaline stream treatment scheme automatic dosing system & on-line
pH meter have been metalled whereas in cost of acidic & chromic treatment
scheme installed.
6. As flow measuring device have been installed at the inlet and outlet, records
of the same are not available and hence could not verified by the inspection
team.
7. The sludge drying beds were completely filled with sludge.
185 | Page
8. Separate room for temporary storage of hazardous waste (sludge) has been
provided.
9. The facility has reportedly obtained the membership of the TSDF operated by
GEPIL at village-Pali, Faridabad and the hazardous waste is sent for disposal.
10. The facility has valid consents under the Water Act 1974; Air Act, 1981 and
authorization under the Hazardous Waste Rules from HSPCB.
11. The recovered oil and grease is sold to local vendors however no records of the
same are maintained.
12. The facility has not established up laboratory facility for analysis of
environmental parameters.
13. Logbook for maintained the chemical conjumption nor energy conjumption is
not maintained energy meter log book.
14. DG set of capacity 125 KVA equipped with acoustic enclosure has been installed
for backup power supply to CETP.
CETP-Panipat
Salient observations:
1. The facility is receiving effluent from textile printing & dyeing units operating
in Sector 29, Industrial Area, Panipat. The effluent is carried through the
pipeline/ open channel to the collection sump of the facility. The facility
owned and financed by HUDA is operated by the M/s Rehman Builders Pvt.
Ltd.
2. The CETP recovery about 22-23 MLD of effluent as against the designed
capacity of 21 MLD. The assessment is based on the reading of electromagnetic
flowmeter installed at the gauge channel.
3. It was informed that presently 166 textile printing & dyeing units are member
of the facility. The facility is receives effluent without any pre-treatment at unit
level, and that too mixed with domestic sewage.
4. The treatent system is based on Physico-Chemical treatment followed by
Activated Sludge Process (ASP) for treatment of effluent. The facility has two
treatment units of each having a capacity 10.5 MLD.
5. The facility comprises of Raw effluent Intake and Bar screen >> Flow
measurement & Gauge channel >> Medium screen >> Oil & Grease trap >> Pre-
settling Tanks >> Equalization Tank (diffused air flotation) >> Flash Mixing Tank
>> Flocculation Tank >>Primary Settling tank >> Aeration Tank (Mechanical
surface aerator) >> Secondary Settling Tank.
6. The CETP facility has installed electromagnetic flow measuring device at the
Flow measurement & Gauge channel, however, its position was observed to be in
the turbulent zone. Hence, the instantaneous readings of effluent measurement
may not be representative.
186 | Page
7. The O&G removal system are not functioning properly and hence, not meeting
the desired objectives. O&G layers were observed in the Equalization tank and
the flash mixing section.
8. Parcence of plastic rags and other floating material in the primary settling tank
of the CETP were observed during inspection.
9. Anaerobic conditions in one 10.5 MLD treatment unit were observed due to
non-functional coarse bubble air diffuser system.
10. The facility has neither installed the real time online effluent monitoring system
nor the flow measuring device at the outlet of the CETP.
11. Composite sampling was conducted over 24 hour period maintaining four hour
frequency interval for collection of representative sample considering the time
as well as flow variation; to assess the treatment performance & compliance
status of the facility. Samples were collected from various treatment units of
the facility and the analysis results of same are presented below :
Sampling Parameters
locations
pH SS BOD COD TDS Cl- SO42- O&G S TKN C6H5OH
Inlet of CETP 7.92 160 93.2 400 -- 1243 349 -- -- -- --
Outlet of CETP 8.09 82.9 32.9 152 3611 1353 170 12.76 BDL 14.56 BDL
Prescribed 5.5-9.0 100 30 250 2100 1000 10 2.8 100 1.0
Discharge
Standard for
CETP
Note: 1) All values are in mg/l except pH
It is evident from the above analysis result that the CETP is not complying with
the prescribed CETP effluent discharge norms w.r.t. Oil & Grease, BOD & TDS.
Further, the sample of MLSS was collected to assess the O&M status of the ASP
based treatment process and the results of the same are presented below:
Sampling locations Parameters (in mg/l)
MLSS MLVSS
Aeration tank-I 3541 4135
Aeration Tank-II 2527 2915
12. The facility has provided plate and frame filter presses (10 nos.) for dewatering
of the sludge generated from Primary Settling Tank, Excess bio-sludge from
Secondary Settling Tank and Resettling pits. The filtrate is sent back to the
inlet for treatment. The sludge cake is temporarily stored in the sludge storage
yard and then sent to the GEPIL TSDF site, Pali, Faridabad for final disposal.
13. The treated effluent from the facility was being discharged into nearby drain
which joins Panipat drain No.1
187 | Page
14. The facility is equipped with an in-house environmental laboratory for analysis
of relevant parameters like pH, SS, COD, and BOD etc.
15. The facility has installed two DG sets each of 625 KVA capacitis each which are
equipped with stack 6m height and acoustic enclosure.
14.3 Performance evaluation of STPs at Haryana
14.3.1 10 MLD Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) Jatal Road, Panipat, Haryana
1. The facility is based on UASB technology & comprises of - Collection Tank >>
Screen & Grit Chamber >> Reactor (02 Nos. - 18 m x 24 m x 5 m each) >>
Polishing Pond (128 m x 64 m x 1.5 m) >> Sludge Drying Beds (12 Nos. - 14
m x 14 m x 1 m each) >> Gas Holder.
2. During inspection the facility was non-operational & untreated sewage was
being directly discharged into the Nora drain through conveyance channel.
Both the UASB reactors of the facility were non-operational and in corroded/
condition.
3. The Main Pumping Station (MPS), Jatal Road was under up-gradation.
4. A new STP module of 25 MLD capacity (based on SBR technology) was under
construction in the same premises.
The analyse results of the sfflurt sample same are presented below :
Sample Location Parameters
pH COD BOD TSS Am. Nitrogen Phosphate (P)
Final Out let of STP 7.17 349 87.2 271 28.6 2.86
Standard 5.5-9 250 30 100 - -
Parameters Cl- Sulphate Nitrate Nitrite T.Coli F.Coli
Final Out let of STP 138 71 0.190 0.033 1.7 x106 1.7 x108
All Parameters are in mg/l except pH and T. Coli. & F. Coli. The unit of Coliform is
MPN/100 ml.
6. The screen chamber for removal of floating matter like papers/ plastics etc. was
broken and feeding pipelines in the UASB reactor were completely damaged
and corroded.
7. The polishing pond as well as SDBs was completely filled with Sludge.
8. The STP has not obtained consent under the Water Act, 1974 from HSPCB.
The representative of plant operator reported that the STP is receiving 18 MLD of
sewage as against the designed capacity of 10 MLD
14.3.2 35 MLD Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) Siwah, Panipat, Haryana

1. The facility is based on UASB technology and comprises of: Screen & Grit
Chamber >> UASB Reactors (02 Nos. - 12.5 MLD (20 m x 24 m x 5 m) + 01
No. - 10 MLD (32 m x 24 m x 5 m) >> Final Polishing Unit (241.9 m x 116 m
188 | Page
x 1.5 m) >> Sludge Drying Beds (20 Nos. - (15.4 m x 15.4 m x 1 m each) >>
Gas Holder.
2. All raw sewage was being diverted into the Panipat drain without being pumped
to the sub-units of the treatment plant.
3. It was observed that all UASB reactors of the existing STP of 35 MLD were
damaged and corroded.
4. It was observed that the up-gradation of STP 25 MLD & 60 MLD (Main
Pumping station) was under progress at the facility by addition of Aeration and
Clarification unit, which may improve the UASB effluent quality.
5. The existing STP of has not obtained consent under Water act, 1974 and Air
Act, 1981 from HSPCB.
6. It was informed that legal proceedings against the operators of STP are
underway at Punjab & Haryana High Court, Chandigarh.
LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA

The Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) of Bhiwadi Industrial Area is located
near NH 71 B connecting higway for Bhiwadi and Dharuhera region. One unnamed
drain is passing in front of CETP carrying industrial and domestic waste water
of Bhiwadi industrial area. The Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is located opposite
to the CETP. The treated sewage and untreated wastewater of drain finds its way
to Dharuhera region due to natural gradient. Schematic flow diagram depicting
problem area is shown in figure 1.
Figure 1: Schematic flow diagram depicting problem area

Effluent of industrial units of Bhiwadi i.e RIICO Industrial Area, Khuskhera Industrial
Area, Chopanki Industrial Area and Sarekhurd Industrial Area is collected in
collection sump located at Parshvanath Mall and Shyam Vatika. This effluent from
sump is conveyed to Common Effluent Treatment Plant for treatment the treated
effluent is conveyed to Khuskera Village and disposed on land.
189 | Page
OBSERVATIONS
There are four industrial areas exist in around Bhiwadi i.e. RIICO Industrial Area,
Khuskhera Industrial Area, Chopanki Industrial Area and Sarekhurd Industrial
Area. Six villages (i.e Gathal, Nagaliya, Bhiwadi, Harchanpur, Santhalka, Rampur
etc), residential colonies and commercial establishments located around industrial
areas in Bhiwadi generate about 12-15 MLD of combined heterogeneous effluent.
In absence of segregation arrangement the wastewater generated from residential
& commercial activities, finds way to the drain which flow towards Dharuhera
village.
In 2006 RIICO provided effluent treatment facilities which were modified in 2009 by
adding Physico- Chemical CETP of 6 MLD capacity. Against the designed capacity of
06 MLD about 09 MLD of effluent is being received into the CETP.
In compliance to CPCBs Directions, Sewage Treatment Plant of 04 MLD capacity

was commissioned. STP is receives only 1.4-1.6 MLD of sewage. Treated sewage
is discharged to drain which carries wastewater generated from residential &
commercial activities and treated sewage from STP and flows towards Dharuhera
(Haryana).
The treated as well as untreated wastewater also flows towards Dharuhera

(Haryana) frequently due to inadequate infrastructure capacity (pumping & pipe
lines) for disposal into River Sabi. RIICO had initiated the work of laying down a
new pipe line (about 23 KM) for disposal of wastewater into River Sabi in Alwar
District.
Industries located in Bhiwadi, Tehsil Tizara

877 of industries are located in Bhiwadi, Tehsil Tizara. Out of which 700 are Orange
category industry and 177 are Red category industries.
Analytical Results of Bypass Drain

The Samples of drain collected before confluence of STPs treated effluent and after
confluence of treated effluent of STP and the analytical results are shown in table 1.
Plates 1 and 2 shows the photograph of drain at both above said locations.
Table : Analytical results
Sampling Point pH BOD COD Fe Ni TSS Zn Cr
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)
Drain before 7.8 41 167 10.5 0.23 182 0.41 1.08
confluence of STPs
treated effluent
Drain after confluence 7.6 30 82 6.22 3.11 89 0.39 0.47
of STPs treated
effluent
190 | Page
Plate 1: Drain before confluence of Plate 2: Drain after confluence of STPs

STPs treated effluent treated effluent
Results of drain at both locations reveals that wastewater is unfit for irrigation
purpose as it shows high level of iron, BOD and COD concentration an it should not
be disposed into land.
Detail of Common Effluent Treatment Plant

In Bhiwadi industrial area, CETP was installed for treatment of industrial wastewater.
CETP with installed capacity of 06 MLD and receives 09 MLD of wastewater.
Plant is designed for Physico-chemical treatment. After the intake channel, effluent
passes through bar screens. and Oil & Grease renaval unit and finally collected in
Equalization tank.
At the inlet of CETP, pH level was 5.98, lime powder dosing rate of 300 ppm/hr was
in neutralization tank. After neutralization, alum dosing @ 50-70 ppm/hr is done in
coagulation tank followed by polyelectrolyte dosing in flocculation tank.
After chemical dosing, effluent passes through primary clarifier followed by Aeration
and final disposal. Schematic flow diagram of CETP is shown in figure 2 and unit
Description in Table.
Figure : Flow Diagram of CETP
191 | Page
Table : Unit Description

Treatment Unit Number Size/ Dimension
Mechanical bar screen 01 -
Oil & Grease separation system 02 7m 3m 3.35m
Equalization Tank 01 Dia- 42m Depth-5m
Neutralization tank 01 Dia.- 4m Depth-3.8m
Coagulation tank 01 Dia.- 4m Depth-3.8m
Flocculation tank 01 Dia.- 4m Depth-3.8m
Primary Clarifiers 01 Depth: 4m Dia:25m (1520 KL)
Aeration Tank 02 Length- 35 m Width- 12.5 m Height- 3 m
Activated Carbon Filter 03
Analytical results of CETP:

Samples were collected from Inlet and Outlet points of CETP on 03/11/2010,
08/06/2011and 01/07/2014 and results are shown in table.
Table : Analytical results of CETP
Date of Sampling pH BOD COD Fe Ni TSS Zn Cr
Monitoring Point (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)
03/11/2011 Inlet 5.7 299 1082 327 4.30 1051 3.80 31
Outlet 7.5 157 402 271 2.71 25 3.10 30.80
08/06/2011 Inlet 5.98 98 638 9.35 0.15 395 0.10 NT
Outlet 7.46 59 375 12.10 0.15 100 0.11 NT
01/07/2014 Inlet 5.47 766 1550 160.40 2.82 266 3.26 11.40
Outlet 7.88 288 580 1.10 1.35 30 BDL BDL
Review of the above table indicates that BOD concentration at inlet of CETP on
01/07/2014 was 766 mg/l. High BOD depicts that CETP is receiving untreated
sewage from old collection system. CETP not designed for treatment of domestic
wastewater as BOD at the outlet of CETP was 288 mg/l and BOD reduction was 62
%. COD concentration at the outlet was 580 mg/l and COD reduction 84 %. CETP
treated effluent is not meeting the prescribed standard with respect to BOD and
COD. This treated wastewater is disposed on the land as Khuskhera village.
STATUS OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT (STP)

Sewage Treatment Plant of capacity 04 MLD was commissioned whereas actual
utilization is only 1.4-1.6 MLD due to unsewered area of Bhiwadi househlods. More
than 70% of sewer connection to households is not provided. Treated sewage is
discharged to drain which flows towards Dharuheda (Haryana). During inspection,
STP was non-operational due to non-availability of Power. Sludge was floating in
primary clarifier and no MLSS was observed in aeration tank. Plate 3 and 4 depicts
the condition of STP.
192 | Page
Plate 3: Primary Clarifier of STP Plate 4: Aeration tank of STP
Plate 5: Collection Sump

The collection system is not operational. Plate 5 depicts the non-operational collection
sump.
FINDINGS
1. Wastewater from Bhiwadi industrial area flows towards Dharuhera in Haryana
near NH 71 B highway
2. Earthen bunds across the drain have been raised to stop the discharge but
sometimes overflow of waste water finds its way into Haryana
3. Common Effluent Treatment Plant is operating below capacity and partially
treated effluent is conveyed to Khuskhera village disposed on land.
4. Treated effluent of CETP is not meeting the prescribed standard with respect to
BOD and COD. The disposal effluent from CETP on land Khuskhera village.
5. Sewage Treatment Plant installed at Bhiwadi is not optimally utilised due to
unsewered area of Bhiwadi households. The actual utilization is 1.4-1.6 MLD
against the capacity of 4 MLD.
6. Analytical results of sample collected indicates that effluent is unfit for any
purpose as shows high level of iron, BOD, COD concentration therefore it
should not be disposed into land.
193 | Page
RECOMMENDATIONS:
In the light of above, following actions are proposed:
1. Expedite of laying of sewer lines in all the residential areas of Bhiwadi to prevent
the domestic effluent entry into storm water drains.
2. Expedite augmentation of CETP and construction of secondary clarifier and
treatment be further upgraded to tertiary level.
3. Partially treated wastewater from CETP should not be disposed on land as it
shows high level of iron, chrome therefore, construction of remaining pipe line
should be expedited so that disposal at Khuskhera is avoided.
4. Meanwhile, another provision i.e Collection sump constructed before the STP
to collect wastewater of said drain (which flow towards Dharuhera) shold be
utilized for treating sewage of Bhiwadi area.
5. Treated sewage should not be discharged to drain flowing towards Dharuhera
and there is need to explore possibility of reuse of treated sewage.
14.4 Performance evaluation of BMWTF
Joint inspection and monitoring of M/s. J.N. Medical College & Hospital, Aligarh
Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh
(1) Designated system colour coded bags or containers as required under Bio-
medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998 are not followed, for
collection of bio-medical waste at the source of generation of waste in the
wards;
(2) The bin/bag used for collection of bio-medical waste in wards is not as per
the colour coding as stipulated under Schedule II of the BMW Rules and not
labelled as required under Schedule III of the BMW Rules;
(3) The bio-medical waste is collected in black bags and is transported to the
captive storage facility located at the captive treatment facility.
(4) Bio-medical waste generated in different wards is not segregated in accordance
with the BMW Rules which is mainly due to lack of knowledge on the BMW
Rules.
(5) The trolley used for collection of bio-medical waste from different wards
(intramural) is open type and not provided with bio-hazard label as per BMW
Rules, 1998 and also waste movement document is not maintained;
(6) The personal collecting and transporting the bio-medical waste are not provided
with suitable PPEs for handling of bio-medical waste;
(7) It is observed that while charging of waste manually, back fire is seen due to
lack of adequate negative draft in the primary chamber.
194 | Page
(8) The stack monitoring provision such as port hole and platform provided to the
incinerator stack is not as per the CPCB Guidelines i.e. Emission Regulations
Part-III.
(9) Overflowing of treated scrubbed liquid effluent from ETP need to be arrested
properly;
(10) It appears that the HCF is not treating all the bio-medical waste generated
within the HCF and based on the marks as well as heat emanating from the
open yard just behind the captive treatment facility, it is observed that the
HCF is indulged in open burning of bio-medical waste daily, which is a serious
violation of the BMW Rules.
(11) Based on the records maintained by the HCF, it is observed that the bio-medical
waste is treated once in four or five days, which is not permitted by the BMW
Rules and based on the information provided during the visit, it is observed
that the quantity of bio-medical waste treated is also far less than the bio-
medical waste generated within the HCF.
(12) Records with regard to the bio-medical waste generation in all the wards is
not maintained and record maintenance with respect to the bio-medical waste
generation is not proper and requires improvement.
(13) The HCF authorities are not in a position to provide data with regard to the exact
quantum of bio-medical waste generation, water consumption and wastewater
generation.
(14) Mercury based medical instruments such as Thermometers, BP Apparatus are
in use and the staff is not having knowledge with regard to the mercury spill
collection procedures, its storage as well as final disposal methods.
(15) As per the flue gas analysis parameters monitored during the visit in the stack
emission, the average CO2, O2 and CO values observed are 5.14%, 13.84% and
2002 ppm respectively.
(16) The temperatures observed during the monitoring in primary and secondary
chambers and after scrubbing are in the order of 677 to 860OC, 694 to
1055OC and 52.5 to 73.4OC respectively. At times, reduction in temperature
in incinerator chambers is observed mainly due to the presence of moisture
in the waste.
(17) Awareness among the medical staff especially with regard to the bio-medical
waste segregation at source is very poor and requires frequent training on this
aspect.
(18) As per the records of the UPPCB, the HCF has not submitted Annual Report for
the year 2013.
(19) The autoclave is operated at 121OC and pressure of 1.45 bar only for a duration
of 30 minutes which is not as per BMW Rules and the recording system attached
with the autoclave is giving wrong details with respect to the time.
195 | Page
(20) There is no separate administrative room provision and the official who is
looking after the operation of treatment equipment, is sitting adjacent to the
incinerator chambers within the incinerator equipment room which may pose
health hazards to the official.
(21) It is observed that the DG Sets installed by the HCF are not attached with the
stack as required under the DG Set norms notified under the E (P) Act, 1986.
(22) Fire protection measures provided within the treatment equipment are not
adequate and need to be strengthened further for effective operation.
14.5 Inventorization of STPs in India
Installed treatment CPCB has carried out inventorization of Sewage Treatment Plants
(STPs) located in India in the year 2014-15. There are 816 STPs on 28 States/UTs
of India having capacity of 23277 MLD. Out of 816 STPs, 522 STPS are operational,
79 STPs are Non-operational, 145 STPs are under construction and 70 STPs are
proposed. The detail is mentioned in table and figure-1 and 2.
TABLE : BREAK-UP OF STPS
Sl. No. Status Nos. Of STPs Capacity (MLD)
1. Operational 522 18883.2
2. Non-operational 79 1237.16
3. Under Construction 145 2528.36
4. Proposed 70 628.64
Total 816 23277.36
Prop
posed Non-operattional
8
8% 10%
Operation
nal
64%
Underr
Constructtion
18%
Figure 1: Distribution of STPs
196 | Page
Propo
o
osed Non-op
perational
3%
% 5%
U
Under
Consstruction
11%
Operation
nal
81%
Figure 2: Capacity Distribution of STPs
TABLE 2: STPS LOCATED IN DIFFERENT STATES/UTS OF INDIA

Sl. State/UT Capacity No. of Op- No. of Non-op- No. of Under Con- No. of STPs Pro- No. of
No. of Munici- Munici- erational STPs Op- erational STPs struction Under Con- posed STPs
pal STPs pal STPs Capacity erational Capacity Non-op- Capacity structions Capacity Proposed
(MLD) (MLD) erational (MLD) (MLD)
1 Andhra 247.27 12 156.27 9 - - 91 3 - -
Pradesh
2 Arunachal - - - - - - - - - -
Pradesh
3 Andaman - - - - - - - - - -
& Nicobar
Islands
4 Assam 0.21 1 0.21 1 - - - - - -
5 Bihar 124.55 6 99.55 5 25 1 - - - -
6 Chandigarh 314.5 5 314.5 5 - - - - - -
7 Chhattisgarh - - - - - - - - - -
8 Delhi 2693.7 35 2671.2 34 22.5 1 - - - -
9 Daman Diu & - - - - - - - - - -
Dadra Nagar
Haveli
10 Goa 74.58 7 34.5 4 - - 40.08 3 - -
11 Gujarat 3062.92 51 2111.64 32 498 4 359.5 8 93.78 7
12 Haryana 852.7 41 805 38 2.7 2 45 1 - -
13 Himachal 114.72 66 79.51 36 35.21 30 - - - -
Pradesh
14 Jammu & 264.74 19 145.74 15 2 1 117 3 - -
Kashmir
15 Jharkhand 117.24 15 117.24 15 - - - - - -
16 Karnataka 1304.16 57 1112.05 44 - - 192.11 13 - -
17 Kerala 152.97 10 112.87 6 3 1 37.1 3 - -
18 Lakshadweep - - - - - - - - - -
19 Maharashtra 5160.36 76 4683.9 60 344.5 10 131.96 6 - -
20 Madhya 482.23 17 475.48 14 6.75 3 - - - -
Pradesh
21 Manipur - - - - - - - - - -
22 Meghalaya 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - -
23 Mizoram 10 1 - - - - 10 1 - -
197 | Page
Sl. State/UT Capacity No. of Op- No. of Non-op- No. of Under Con- No. of STPs Pro- No. of
No. of Munici- Munici- erational STPs Op- erational STPs struction Under Con- posed STPs
pal STPs pal STPs Capacity erational Capacity Non-op- Capacity structions Capacity Proposed
(MLD) (MLD) erational (MLD) (MLD)
24 Nagaland - - - - - - - - - -
25 Odisha 385.54 13 158.04 7 - - 227.5 6 - -
26 Puducherry 68.5 6 17.5 3 - - 51 3 - -
27 Punjab 1245.45 86 921.45 38 15.2 4 276.7 31 32.1 13
28 Rajasthan 865.92 63 384.5 16 - - 149.3 11 332.12 36
29 Sikkim 31.88 11 8 1 5 1 18.88 9 - -
30 Tamil Nadu 1799.72 73 1140.83 33 5.17 1 521.08 28 132.64 11
31 Telangana 685.8 18 634.8 17 - - 51 1 - -
32 Tripura 0.05 1 0.045 1 - - - - - -
33 Uttar Pradesh 2646.84 73 2372.25 62 89.59 7 170 3 15 1
34 Uttrakhand 152.9 24 90.75 10 - - 39.15 12 23 2
35 West Bengal 416.9 28 235.36 16 181.54 12 - - - -
Total 23277.36 816 18883.2 522 1237.16 79 2528.36 145 628.64 70
Note : indicates information not received from concerned SPCB/PCC
Monitoring of CETPs:
CETPs at Jodhpur
To treat the effluent from various industries operating in the industrial areas
CETP with 20 NLD cepach has been untilled (i.e. 5 MLD Acidic and 15 MLD
Alkaline effluents) CETP at Sangaria Industrial Area, Jodhpur operated by M/s
Jodhpur Pradushan Niwaran Trust, Jodhpur has 109 rolling mills, 215 textile
units and 10 dye & dyes intermediate units as to members. The plant has
obtained consent to operate under Water & Air Acts from the RSPCB which are
valid up to 30.11.2015.
The common effluent treatment plant (CETP) was found operational on 10.09.
2014 with 600m3/hour outlet flow. The flow in the RIICO drain was measured as
1482 m3/hour but the inlet flow was very low as the gates were partially closed.
About 50% of the untreated alkaline effluent was being bypassed through the
RIICO drain which ultimately mixing into the river Jojri. Construction works of
new equalization tank (30mx30mx4m) and renovation of old acidic equalization
tank from trapezoidal to square for increasing the volume of the tank were
under progress.
The Jodhpur Pradushan Niwaran Trust has obtained HW Authorization from
the RSPCB which is valid up to 31.03.2015.Sludge was found disposed outside
the shed at many places on untined area within the premises. About 10,000T
of sludge is store in the premises for final disposal to TSDF. The Trust has
provided four sludge decanters for removing moisture from sludge.
The result of samples collected from inlet and outlet of CETP on 10.09.2014. The
analysis results of samples of final outlet is found to be pH- 7.3, TSS-166mg/l,
TDS-2506mg/l, COD-198mg/l, BOD-39mg/l and O&G-5mg/l against the limits
prescribed under E(P) Act are pH-5.5-9.0, TSS-100mg/l, COD-250mg/l, BOD-
198 | Page
30mg/l and O&G-10mg/l respectively. The finally treated effluent after mixing
with untreated effluent joins River Jojri near Salawas about 5 Km distance
from CETP.
CETPs at Balotra & Bithuja Rajasthan
425 units are in operation in Balotra and 214 in Bithuja industrial areas.
About 21 MLD of trade effluent is generated in Balotra and Bithuja (6 MLD
and 15 MLD). The designed capacity of the CETP plants are about 48 MLD
(Balotra-18 MLD and Bithuja-30 MLD). During inspection on 09.09.2014,
CETPs were found operating below capacities due to insufficient availability of
raw wastewater found coming through tanker system.
The unit I and II of Balotra CETPs are designed on Activated sludge process
whereas the Bithuja CETP is designed on Waste Stabilization Ponds. The newly
constructed CETP unit-III at Balotra is based on Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)
Technology. The Balotra Water Pollution Control and Research Foundation
Trust manages Balotra and Bithuja CETP. DG sets have been installed as back
up power source during period of power failures.
In Balotra Industrial Area was measured as 6 MLD, out of which 2 MLD was
treated in CETP-I and 4 MLD in CETP unit-II respectively. As the unit are
bringing wastewater through tankers up to the CETP, the discharge of effluent
into open drains has been controlled.
The treated effluent is utilized for High Rate Evapo transpiration System. The
water is spread at 50 acres of land through high speed guns, lot of water is
evaporated and balance is utilized to develop the plantation. The third CETP
of 18 MLD capacity with tertiary treatment facility at Khed Road was under
commissioning stage and is expected to be commissioned by April, 2015.
The Trust is also planning to reuse/recycle the entire quantity of treated effluent
in the industries located in the area. The proposed scheme shall include RO
system followed by Solar Evaporation system with total recovery of about 80%
water and the resultant salts will be reused in the dyeing process.
Result of samples collected from inlet and outlets of all the three CETPs reveals
that the final outlet values of Bithuja and Balotra CETPs exceed the norms
prescribed by RSPCB.
S. Location pH TSS TDS COD BOD CL SO4
No mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l
1. CETP, Bithuja, In-Let 5.4 640 18556 1313 1076 6223 2142
2. CETP, Bithuja, Out-Let 7.1 214 18252 1249 665 4904 2112
3. CETP, Balotra, Unit-I & II In-Let 9.1 4964 22968 4100 2285 8109 2789
4. CETP, Balotra, Unit-I Out-Let 7.3 174 16158 354 102 9052 2301
5. CETP, Balotra, Unit-II Out-Let 6.7 118 16448 672 133 6789 1513
199 | Page
CETP at Jasol, Rajasthan

There are 125 small and medium scale industries operating in Jasol industrial
area out of in which 74 are water polluting and remaining units are involved
in finishing, trading etc. As per CETP trust all the 74 units water polluting
units are members of CETP having capacity of 6.5 MLD (2.5 MLD and 4.0
MLD). During the visit the old 2.5MLD ASP technology based CETP was not in
operation due to insufficient effluent quantity as entire wastewater was being
treated in the newly constructed 4MLD capacity SBR technology based CETP.
The entire effluent is received at CETP through tankers. CETP has not provided
any flow measuring devices to know the quantum of inlet and outlet effluent.
Hence total quantity of waste treated is estimated based on total running hours
of pumps.
CETP Jasol operated approximately 20% - 30% of its full operational capacity.
During the visit it was informed that only about 1.5 MLD effluent received
industries through tankers. It was informed that 40% of the tertiary treated
effluent taken back by the industries and remaining 60% is being for forced
evaporation through four numbers of sprinklers/ rain guns in the allotted three
sites (total area 20 Bigha land). CETP Jasol Trust has proposal to install the
R.O. plant for recycling of treated effluent.
The analysis result of samples were collected from inlet and outlets of all the
CETP reveals that all the of 4 MLD CETP affected are exceeding the prescribed
norms by RSPCB.
S. Location pH TSS TDS COD BOD CL SO4
No mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l
05 CETP, Jasol, In-Let 12.1 3032 24424 3655 1910 5544 703
06 CETP, Jasol, Out-Let 8.2 198 17942 991 334 8675 1528
PERFORMANCE STUDIES OF CETPS LOCATED IN GUJARAT & MAHARASHTRA

53 CETPs are operational in west zone out of Gujarat has 30 and Maharashtra has
23 operational CETPs. Monitoring of 10 CETPs located in Maharashtra and 03 CETPs
located in Gujarat was conditional based the quarterly monitoring CETPs located in
Critically Polluted Areas in Gujarat i.e. Ankleshwar and Vapi. The monitoring results
of sample CETPs & FETP and other CETPs are depicted below:
PERFORMANCE OF M/S NARMADA CLEAN TECH. LTD. - FETP AT
ANKLESHWAR
Sampling Year Parameter(s)
Location 2014-2015 pH TSS TDS BOD COD O&G NH3-N S-2 Phenols CN--
Design/Inlet Norms 5.0-8.5 150 12000 200 1000 - - - - -
Inlet to 25.06.2014 8.02 100 9901 402 1676 -- 192 -- 29.14 0.62
FETP 23.09.2014 6.98 161 7713 135 619 -- 104.7 1.7 2.60 0.22
30.12.2014 8.48 284 9719 381 1384 -- 243 5.9 2.76 --
26.03.2015 5.93 164 10633 227 950 -- 78.6 -- 2.51 --
200 | Page
Sampling Year Parameter(s)

Final Outlet 25.06.2014 7.46 60 8729 54 464 3.8 117 0.35 0.66 0.38
of FETP 23.09.2014 7.09 67 8110 41 379 7.4 102.6 1.3 0.63 0.14
30.12.2014 6.77 40 10116 72 567 8.7 128 0.55 1.95 --
26.03.2015 7.50 55 11104 28 579 0.82 235 0.78 1.22 0.66
GPCB Outlet Norms 6.5-8.5 100 -- 100 250 10 50 5.0 5.0 0.2
PERFORMANCE OF M/S ENVIRO TECHNOLOGY LTD. - CETP AT

ANKLESHWAR
S a m p l i n g Year Parameter(s)
Design/Inlet Norms 1.5 3770 77630 3600 11000 - - - 10 -
Inlet to 25.06.2014 3.07 217 35022 852 4186 -- 42 -- 75.84 --
CETP 23.09.2014 1.56 305 39242 1150 5433 -- 93.6 -- 44.00 --
23.12.2014 2.20 352 37892 914 4008 -- 53.1 -- 12.78 --
04.03.2015
Final Outlet 25.06.2014 6.84 47 14286 34 494 1.2 20.3 1.95 0.235 0.21
of CETP 23.09.2014 7.48 54 17996 93 639 9.6 38.6 1.1 0.373 0.26
23.12.2014 6.56 56 17289 29 749 4.3 42.9 1.46 1.26 0.26
04.03.2015
GPCB Outlet Norms 5.5-8.5 100 2100 30 100 10 50 0.5 1.0 0.2
PERFORMANCE OF M/S PANOLI ENVIRO TECHNOLOGY LTD. - CETP AT

PANOLI
S a m p l i n g Year Parameter(s)
Location 2014-2015
pH TSS TDS BOD COD O&G NH3-N S-2 Phenols CN--
Design/Inlet Norms 6.5-8.5 - 10000 3000 10000 - - - - -
Inlet to 25.06.2014 8.36 154 26430 437 2637 -- 94 -- 8.18 --
CETP 23.09.2014 8.03 274 29806 459 2226 -- 129.9 -- 2.10 --
23.12.2014 7.08 167 22306 164 1747 -- 47.6 -- 1.46 --
26.03.2015 6.91 238 31913 500 4494 -- 75.3 -- 0.91 --
Final Outlet 25.06.2014 7.70 81 18776 45 672 3.7 58 1.54 0.219 0.30
of CETP 23.09.2014 6.96 154 15782 44 714 26.5 63.9 1.8 1.87 0.24
23.12.2014 7.64 91 12159 41 662 23.2 68.3 1.36 0.49 0.17
26.03.2015 7.24 89 17311 77 832 3.0 63.7 0.94 0.49 0.35
PERFORMANCE OF M/S VAPI WASTE & EFFLUENT MANAGEMENT CO. LTD. -

CETP AT VAPI
Sampling Year(s) pH TSS TDS BOD COD O & G NH3-N Phenols S-2 CN-
Location(s) 2014-2015
Inlet/Design Norms 6.5-8.5 300 - 400 1000 - - - - -
Inlet to 30.06.2014 7.86 453 10352 392 1443 -- 90 3.4 -- --
CETP
22.09.2014 7.51 341 6295 403 1182 -- 67.5 5.02 -- --
29.12.2014 7.66 430 6640 247 1065 -- 69.5 3.36 -- --
25.03.2015 7.25 287 8394 346 1110 -- 86 7.76 -- --
201 | Page
Sampling Year(s) pH TSS TDS BOD COD O & G NH3-N Phenols S-2 CN-
Location(s) 2014-2015
Final Outlet 30.06.2014 6.94 123 9668 40 482 1.2 53 0.88 1.42 0.35
22.09.2014 7.17 285 5840 109 545 14.0 47.2 0.82 4.8 0.18
29.12.2014 6.72 108 8333 42 417 8.2 41.6 0.58 1.15 --
25.03.2015 7.68 140 9225 43 459 12.2 120 0.396 1.8 0.55
Note: i: Nature of sample of sampling Grab. ii: All the parameters are expressed in mg/l,
except pH. iii: (--) Indicates particular parameter not analyzed.
Performance Evaluation of other CETPs in Gujarat and

Maharashtra
Location Month pH TSS TDS COD BOD NH3-N O&G
Gujarat
Ahmedabad
Inlet to CETP , Naroda 7.20 720 23494 4071 1243 102 --
Final outlet of CETP, Naroda 7.44 239 21071 3641 793 152 10.5
Inlet to CETP , Odhav 6.84 55 6766 905 240 57.4 --

08.05.14
Final outlet of CETP, Odhav 6.97 151 6218 408 38 46.2 6.2
Inlet to CETP, Vatva 7.25 409 15621 3352 642 59.5 --
Final outlet of CETP, Vatva 6.93 327 15503 1173 115 53.4 7.9
MIDC, Taloja (Maharashtra)
Inlet to 12.5 MLD, CETP 6.25 20 1604 1564 516 99 --
Inlet to 10 MLD, CETP 6.24 164 1901 1435 470 97 --

12.07.14
Mixed outlet of 10 MLD and 12.5 MLD, 6.77 112 2110 841 452 125 6.5
CETP
Nagpur
Inlet to CETP Butibori 8.24 118 3224 893 428 138 21.0
24.07.14
Final outlet of CETP 6.95 150 3439 488 138 196 14.0
Dombivali, phase-II (Maharashtra).
Inlet to CETP at Ambernath 7.51 138 1405 250 73 47.0 7.51
Outlet of CETP at Ambernath 7.55 39 1307 97 32 50.0 1.05
Inlet to CETP at Dombivali(E), phase-I 7.54 459 5438 2335 968 163 --
Outlet of CETP at Dombivali(E), 21.08.14 7.28 169 6197 719 184 136 6.1
phase-I
Inlet to CETP at Dombivali(E), phase-II 7.19 337 3682 870 111 49.0 --
Outlet of CETP at Dombivali(E), phase- 6.74 74 3308 261 27 24.0 0.30

II
Tarapur
202 | Page

Inlet to CETP, Tarapur 7.08 303 5436 5379 3843 410 --
18.11.14
Final Outlet of CETP, Tarapur 7.70 206 4797 2494 1429 143 23.8
Roha and Mahad (Maharashtra)
Inlet to CETP, Roha 3.23 213 13264 3677 896 198.4 --
18.12.14
Outlet of CETP, Roha 8.25 480 11756 2083 465 72.9 34.0
Inlet to CETP, Mahad 7.57 162 4964 2008 535 105.9 --
19.12.14
Outlet of CETP, Mahad 7.74 134 6034 823 192 73.2 16.2

Maharashtra
Thane Belapur & Patalganaga
(Maharashtra)
Inlet to CETP at Thane Belapur 6.63 327 2270 1509 772 188.79 --
Outlet of CETP at Thane Belapur 23.02.15 7.32 41.3 2016 270 62 199.21 6.74
to
Inlet to CETP at Patalganga 24.02.15 8.56 107 2020 570 222 15.09 --
Outlet of CETP at Patalganga 8.27 66 2682 659 294 74.77 16.74
Aurangabad
Inlet to CETP SMS Waluj 7.27 49.4 2375 1016 603 66.13 --
25.02. 15
Final outlet of CETP SMS Waluj 7.78 53.0 2561 168 30.4 70.38 5.82
All the parameters except pH are expressed in mg/l.

It was observed that the monitored CETPs in Gujarat and Maharashtra does not
prescribe the norms. Most of the CETPs are having only primary & secondary
treatment, and the influent characteristies indicate significant deviation (upward)
from that of the inlet design norms. Some CETPs are adopted advance treatment
like fenton treatment, Advance electro oxidation, MAP (for NH3-N effluent), and MEE
for High TDS effluent etc. some CETPs are coming up with MEEs for High TDS
effluent.
COMMON HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT STORAGE & DISPOSAL FACILITY

(CHWTSDF) IN WESTERN ZONE
There are total 14 CHWTSDF in the West Zone which includes 10 integrated
CHWTSDF (landfill and incineration system). The details of CHWTSDF are shown in
table below.
Gujarat Maharashtra UT DDNH Total
CHWTSDF 09 04 01 14
(05 - operational) (operational) (operational) (10 operational)
CHWIF 06 03 01 10
(operational) (02 operational) (operational) (09 operational)
During 2014-15 West Zone Office has visited 04 CHWTSDF facilities.
203 | Page
MONITORING OF STPs IN GUJARAT & MAHARASHTRA

There are total 91 operational STPs in west Zone viz. 32- Gujarat and 59- Maharashtra
out of which 16 STPs, 09 STPs of Gujarat (5 in Vadodara & 4 in Ahmedabad) and 07
STPs of Maharashtra (5- Nashik, 1-Thane & 1- Lonawala)). The monitoring results
of STPs follow in the table.
Table : Performance Evaluation of STPs in Gujarat
Vadodara City
Name of STP Date pH TSS TDS COD BOD NH3-N O&G
Inlet at Atladra 6.86 127 795 277 143 16.24 --
Outlet at Atladra 7.36 37 732 100 33 17.36 0.93
30.06.14
Inlet at New STP Atladra 7.61 131 784 288 148 13.16 --
Outlet New STP at Atladra 7.09 11 765 41 11 19.32 1.1
Inlet at Sayagiganj 7.78 159 881 331 213 113.96 --
Outlet at Sayagiganj 7.51 34 838 231 87 15.96 9.43
Inlet at Gajarawadi 6.95 236 829 626 317 9.52 --
16.02.15
Outlet at Gajarawadi 7.31 83 743 360 90 16.24 4.06
Inlet at Tarsali 7.18 233 995 512 213 14 --
Outlet at Tarsali 7.46 108 1032 314 143 11.48 23.8
Ahmedabad City
Inlet at Pirana(180 MLD) 7.69 373 1303 562 269 32.2 --
Outlet at Pirana(180 MLD) 7.68 71 1292 187 50 34.7 12.8
Inlet at Pirana, 106 MLD 7.68 184 1508 527 218 28.4 --
Outlet at Pirana, 106 MLD 8.01 49 1092 113 35 25.2 1.1
28.08.14
Inlet at Pirana, 60 MLD 7.33 104 548 213 88 12.8 --
Outlet atPirana60 MLD 7.51 48 576 164 46 18.7 5.0
Inlet at Vasana 7.55 121 1159 248 77 23.9 --
Outlet at Vasana 7.66 7.6 1137 86 10 3.6 0.91
Performance Evaluation of STPs in Maharashtra

Nashik City Month pH TSS TDS COD BOD NH3-N O&G
Inlet at Chehedi 6.57 53 508 221 45 23.3 --
Outlet at Chehedi 6.94 20 446 42 12 23.8 0.5
Inlet at Panchak, 7.5 MLD 6.40 164 462 383 107 32.4 --
Outlet at Panchak, 7.5 MLD 6.77 40 447 125 32 10.2 --
Inlet at Panchak, 21 MLD 6.47 173 424 332 65 19.1 --
Outlet at Panchak 21 MLD 11.07.2014 to 6.83 54 452 126 22 8.2 --
Final mix outlet, Panchak 12.07.2014 6.99 70 463 228 59 4.5 5.9
Inlet at Tapovan, 78 MLD 6.36 138 410 267 46 7.6 --
Outlet of 78 MLD at Tapovan -- -- -- 80 -- -- --
Inlet at Tapovan,52 MLD 6.47 181 370 343 79 24.0 --
Outlet at Tapovan,52 MLD 6.96 22 393 65 8.6 1.6 --
Final mix outlet of STP, Tapovan 7.23 24 397 69 9.7 1.3 4.0
204 | Page
Nashik City Month pH TSS TDS COD BOD NH3-N O&G

Thane (Maharashtra)
Inlet at KDPRI, Thane East 6.56 57 374 168 100 11.5 --
Final outlet of KDPRI, Thane East 18.11.2014 6.79 5.1 318 49 25.1 3.0 0.82
Inlet at Lonawala 6.49 7.5 162 244 83 14.49

07.01.2015
Final outlet of Lonawala STP 7.16 17.8 166 52 19 11.84
Note: All the values are in might excepted to pH
Performance of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)

In West Bengal out of 32 STP commissioned under Action Plans and NRCP, 23
STP were monitored are 5 Activated Sludge process (ASP), 4 Trickling Filter (TF), 9
Oxidation ponds (OP) and 5 waste stabilization pond (WSP). Nine STPs not functional/
under renovation were not monitored.
Most of the STPs in Bihar are non operational due to lack of Sewage. The working
STPs are also not working with full efficiency.
Monitoring and Study of STPs in Agra:

Agra is an important tourist destination with approx population. 17.46 lakh as per
2011 census. About 260 MLD sewage is generated in the city of Agra, as sewage
treatment capacity of 184.75 MLD (through 08 nos. STPs) and removing jewage
(about 75.25 MLD) is being discharged into river Yamuna without any treatment.
Monitoring of 6 STPs was carried out during the year. The treatment capacity of 04
STPs was observed to be between 30% - 60% of their installed capacity. Most of the
STPs face problems of operation and maintenance.
Monitoring of Common Hazardous Waste TSDFs:
TSDF at Pachpadra, Balotra

The common hazardous waste TSDF at Pachpadra, Balotra is being operated
by M/s Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Hyderabad on BOOT basis. As per
the authorization the capacity of the facility is 24,000 TPA. The facility has
disposed about 40430MT of waste in to the SLF from its inception i.e. April,
2011 to 31st Aug., 2014.
Waste stabilization shed has 4 mixing bins with a capacity of 18 tons each, 3
Chemical storage rooms with firefighting arrangements are available. Primary
and secondary leachate collection pits, 200m3 capacity leachate collection
cum solar evaporation pond and a Vehicles tyre washing facility. Storm water
collection pond (HDPE liner) provided along with storm water drain all along
the internal roads.
205 | Page
The all the 04 Peizometer points and analysed for general parameters & heavy
metals. The range of general parameters found to be pH-6 to 7.9, conductivity-
12400 to 45700 s/cm, TSS 64 to 320 mg/l, TDS-8306 to 37072 mg/l, COD-
34 to 256 mg/l, Chlorides-3772 to 35076 mg/l, NO3-N-2.27 to 7.01 mg/l, Total
Hardness-757 to 3438 mg/l, Total Alkalinity-800 to 1100 mg/l, Sodium-1926
to 8730 mg/l and Potasium-25 to 142 mg/l. where as the range of Heavy metals
found to be Chromium-BDL to 0.057 mg/l, Cadmium-0.021 to 0.051 mg/l,
Iron-0.051 to 0.746 mg/l, Zinc-0.027 to 0.056 mg/l, Copper found BDL in all
four locations, lead-0.117 to 0.158 mg/l, Manganes-0.02 to 0.347 mg/l and
Nickel-BDL to 0.61 mg/l.
Monitoring of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management facilities, assessment
of air borne microbial emissions from MSW and characterization of compost
quality in South Zone
Seven MSW management facilities were monitored for verification of compliance of
MSW Rules in south Zone. Airborne microbial emissions were accepted at five MSW
facilities and more carcinogenic microbes were found is the vicinity of the dumping
site.
Monitoring of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)

STPs located at Hassan, Mangalore, Udupi, Mandya, Mysore and Kollegala districts
of Karnataka state were inspected. The study reveats that Total Coliforms was in
the range of 3000- 200000 CFU/ml, Fecal Coliform were in the range of 400- 23000
CFU/ml and Fecal Enterococci was in the range of 0- 15000 CFU/ml in the STP
outlet sample.
206 | Page
Table 4: Microbial count (indicator organisms) in the outlet

sample of STPs
Sl. Location Total Coliforms Fecal Coliforms Fecal Enterococci
No. CFU/100 ml CFU/100 ml CFU/100 ml
1 Chikkegowdanadoddi, Mandya 182000 22800 14400
2 Gutthalu, Mandya 19600 6600 700
3 Maddur 16400 8400 8100
4 Srirangapatna 26800 4100 200
5 Rayankere, Mysore 3200 400 0
6 Vidyaranyapuram, Mysore 27600 17200 600
7 Kesare, Mysore 48000 11600 1200
Status on Bio-medical Waste Management in the Country:

As per the annual report information received from the State Pollution Control
Boards (SPCBs)/ Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) and Director General of
Armed Forces Medical Services (DGAFMS) for the year 2013, bio-medical waste
management scenario in the Country is given below:
No. of healthcare facilities : 1,68,869

No. of beds :17,13,816
No. of Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facilities (CBWTFs) : 198* + 28**
No. of healthcare facilities (HCFs) using CBWTFs : 1,31,837
No. of HCFs having treatment & disposal facilities : 22,245
No. of healthcare facilities applied for authorization : 1,06,805
No. of healthcare facilities granted authorization : 1,05,270
Total no. of on-site/captive treatment equipment installed
(excluding CBWTFs) by the HCFs:
No. of incinerators
i) With Air Pollution Control Device : 331
(ii) Without Air Pollution Control Device : 217
No. of autoclaves : 3,112
No. of microwaves : 250
No. of Hydroclave : 15
No. of Shredders : 5,179
Total no. of treatment equipment installed by the CBWTFs:
No. of incinerators : 198
No. of autoclaves : 189
No. of microwaves : 06
No. of hydroclave : 03
No. of Shredders : 202
Quantity of bio-medical waste generated in Tons/day : 484
Quantity of bio-medical waste treated in Tons /day : 447
No. of HCFs violated BMW Rules : 7,894
No. of Show-cause notices/Directions issued to defaulter HCFs : 4,391
207 | Page
Note: (i) * - CBWTFs in operation

(ii) ** - CBWTFs under installation
(iii) The information in respect of the Lakshadweep State has been included as per
the Annual Report submitted for the year 2012.
I. State-wise status of no. of captive Incinerators installed by the HCFs:

S. Name of the State/UT/DGAFMS Total no. of No. of Incinerator installed
No. Healthcare by HCFs
Facilities (HCFs) With APCD Without APCD
1 Andaman & Nicobar 29 Nil 06
2 Andhra Pradesh 7973 01 Nil
3 Arunachal Pradesh 01 Nil 01
4 Assam 1012 39 168
5 Bihar 190 09 Nil
6 Chandigarh 720 02 Nil
7 Chhattisgarh* 1322 04 Nil
8 Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar 80 Nil Nil
Haveli
9 Delhi 3999 04 Nil
10 Goa 397 01 INP
11 Gujarat 26745 Nil Nil
12 Haryana 2452 01 Nil
13 Himachal Pradesh 579 03 01
14 Jharkhand 795 16 13
15 J&K 1146 05 01
16 Karnataka 26927 12 Nil
17 Kerala 5208 34 24
18 Lakshadweep* 11 Nil 01
19 Madhya Pradesh 2850 05 01
20 Maharashtra 54030 12 01
21 Manipur 583 04 Nil
22 Meghalaya 699 05 INP
23 Mizoram 190 04 Nil
24 Nagaland 129 INP
25 Odisha 1488 05 Nil
26 Puducherry 130 02 Nil
27 Punjab 3571 Nil Nil
28 Rajasthan 4165 Nil Nil
29 Sikkim 69 08 INP
30 Tamilnadu 6246 Nil Nil
31 Telangana Combined data is given for Andhra Pradesh and
Telangana State is given at S. No. 2
32 Tripura 1223 01 Nil
33 Uttrakhand 673 02 Nil
34 Uttar Pradesh 6202 18 Nil
35 West Bengal 6769 01 Nil
36 DGAFMS 361 133 Nil
Total 168964 331 217
Note : * The information in respect of the Lakshadweep State has been included as per the Annual
Report submitted for the year 2012.
208 | Page
II. Details of Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facilities:

S. Name of the State/UT/DGAFMS No. of Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment
No. Facilities (CBWTFs)/Private agencies
Operational Under Construction
1 Andaman & Nicobar Nil Nil
2 Andhra Pradesh 17 02
3 Arunachal Pradesh Nil Nil
4 Assam 05 Nil
5 Bihar 03 01
6 Chandigarh 02 Nil
7 Chhattisgarh 05 Nil
8 Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar 01 Nil
Haveli
9 Delhi 03 Nil
10 Goa Nil Nil
11 Gujarat 15 09
12 Haryana 11 01
13 Himachal Pradesh 02 Nil
14 Jharkhand 01 Nil
15 J&K 04 Nil
16 Karnataka 18 09
17 Kerala 01 Nil
18 Lakshadweep* Nil Nil
19 Madhya Pradesh 14 Nil
20 Maharashtra 40 01
21 Manipur Nil Nil
22 Meghalaya 01 Nil
23 Mizoram Nil Nil
24 Nagaland Nil Nil
25 Odisha 05 Nil
26 Puducherry 01 Nil
27 Punjab 04 Nil
28 Rajasthan 12 03
29 Sikkim Nil Nil
30 Tamilnadu 11 01
31 Telangana Combined data is given for Andhra Pradesh
and Telangana State is given at S. No. 2
32 Tripura 01 Nil
33 Uttrakhand 02 Nil
34 Uttar Pradesh 14 Nil
35 West Bengal 05 01
36 DGAFMS Nil Nil
Total 198 28
Note : * The information in respect of the Lakshadweep State has been included as per
the Annual Report submitted for the year 2012.
209 | Page
Directions / Verifications of compliance of Directions issued under Section 5

of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986:
Act, 1986 during 2014-2015, directions under section 5 of the E (P) Act, 1986 were
issued to the four (04) CBWTFs located in the State of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh,
Pudducherry and Kerala.
Directions issued under Section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to 05
CBWTFs & 01 HCF located in the States of Chhattisgarh (01 no.), Rajasthan (01
no.), Odisha (01 no.) and Gujarat (03 nos.) have been revoked, upon compliance to
the directions.
Based on the observation of CPCB, following are the general non-compliances were
observed in CBWTFs which require necessary corrective actions:
i. Mixed waste is being collected from the member healthcare facilities & manual
segregation is practiced in some of the facilities which is not permitted by the
BMW Rules;
ii. Provision for separate spacing for storage of treatment equipment, main waste
storage room, treated waste storage room etc. is not provided by the facility
operators;
iii. Mechanized bio-medical waste feeding system is not provided for charging waste
into the incinerator and manual feeding of waste is practiced;
iv. Devices for measuring negative draft in primary chamber, air flow rate in the
incinerator chamber and pressure drop across venturi scrubber is not attached
with the incinerator;
v. Autoclave is not attached with the recording provision for recording operational
parameters such as batch number, temperature, pressure, start and end
of sterilization of the autoclave. Validation test is not conducted and records
maintained as required under the BMW Rules;
vi. Records are not maintained properly for treatment equipments, waste movement,
waste received, treated & disposed off as per BMW Rules;
vii. Vehicle/container washing provision is not provided and wash water is not
routed to the ETP for further treatment before disposal;
viii. D.G. Set as standby arrangement not provided most of the D. G. Set installations
not effected with acoustic enclosures & stack of adequate height;
Performance Evaluation of Non-Allopathic Hospitals w.r.to Bio-medical Waste

(Management & Handling) Rules, 1998
The inspection of Non-allopathic Hospitals such as Ayurvedic, Unani, Homeopathic
clinic/hospitals to reveals that: (i) Non-allopathic hospitals also general bio-medical
waste and are involved in improper disposal of waste; (ii) colour coding for segregation
of bio-medical waste is not followed and practiced; (iii) quantification of wastewater
210 | Page
generation is not known nor wastewater containing oils treated and direct discharge
of into drains without any treatment; (iv) Most of the non-allopathic hospitals are
Consent under Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention
& Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and neither obtained Authorization under the
Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998, as amended; (v) Most of
the Non-allopathic hospitals are not member of CBWTF so as to ensure treatment
and disposal of bio-medical waste generated from such hospitals; and (vi) mercury
waste generated is disposed off alongwith municipal waste but not in accordance
with Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rules,
2008 nor as per the guidelines issued by CPCB. Major non-compliances observed in
the said hospitals by CPCB team which require necessary corrective actions so as to
ensure compliance with the BMW Rules are as following:
Bio-medical waste in Colur coded containers Colur coded containers

general waste container
i. Some of the hospitals (whichever applicable) are in operation without valid

Consent under Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air
(Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as well as authorization;
ii. Bio-medical waste is disposed off alongwith the general waste in municipal
waste bins kept at the road side;
iii. Bio-medical waste is not segregated properly in colour coded containers as per
the provisions of BMW Rules;
iv. Containers provided for storage of bio-medical waste are not provided with the
bio-hazard symbol as per BMW Rules;
v. Sharp waste are not stored in puncture proof containers and the same is also not
disposed within 48 hours as required;
vi. Lack of awareness about the BMW Rules is observed among the staff involved in
handling the bio-medical waste;
vii. Uncovered and non-labelled trolleys are used for the intramural transportation of
bio-medical waste from source of generation;
viii. Trolley/container/bins washing area is provided in the hospital;
211 | Page
ix. Some hospitals are not having intermediate bio-medical waste storage area and
the waste is collected by the CBWTF directly from the source of generation;
x. Hospitals are neither having treatment facilities for bio-medical waste nor are the
member of CBWTF so as to ensure proper treatment & disposal of bio-medical
waste generated from the hospitals;
xi. Mercury waste is also disposed off alongwith the municipal waste but not
in accordance with the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and
Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 nor as per the guidelines issued by
CPCB;
xii. No separate cell has been provided for management of bio-medical waste;
xiii. No quantification of wastewater generation has been carried out by the hospitals
and also untreated wastewater is discharged into municipal drain without
imparting any treatment to comply with discharge norms stipulated under BMW
Rules;
xiv. Proper records are not maintained for the bio-medical waste generation, treatment
and annual report is not submitted as required under BMW Rules.
All the SPCBs/PCCs have been as keep to initiate action against Non-allopathic
Hospitals to ensure obtaining of authorization under Bio-medical Waste (Management
& Handling) Rules, 1998 within 3 months whichever is applicable, besides ensuring
compliance to the various provisions stipulated under the Environment (Protection)
Act, 1986.
Bio-medical waste Management by Armed Forces Medical Healthcare

Establishments:
The Director General, Armed Forces Medical Services, the prescribed authority
for enforcement of the provisions of these rules in respect of all health care
establishments including hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, dispensaries, veterinary
institutions, Animal houses, pathological laboratories Ministry of Defence shall be
the implementation of BMW Rules in respect of all Armed Forces Medical Healthcare
Establishments under the Ministry of Defence is to be monitored by CPCB.
As per the Annual Report Information received for 2013 from the Director General
Armed Forces Medical Services (DGAFMS), there are 361 Armed Force Medical
Healthcare Establishments (AFMHCEs) which are generate about 11031 kg/day of
bio-medical waste. Also, all the AFMHCEs have obtained authorization under Bio-
medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998.
The officials of Director General Armed Forces Medical Services (DGAFMS) were
asked for ensuring effective implementation of the BMW Rules :
1. The following information provide list of AFHCEs (having > 45 no. of beds).
212 | Page
2. To verify compliance of all the Healthcare Facilities.

3. A consolidated compliances issues will be communicated by CPCB including
the corrective measures on the observation made by CPCB in the 56AFMCE,
inspection DGAFMS in a time bound manner for ensuring compliance to the
BMW Rules;
4. To organize four workshops/trainings (in north, south, east and west regions)
for the medical, para-medical, engineers, treatment equipment operators and
other workers involved in handling of bio-medical waste in AFHCEs;
Organization / sponsoring of programmes on Bio-medical Waste Management
One Interaction Meet was conductied of July, 2014 with the Healthcare Facilities
& Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility Operators of Central Zone
(Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh & Chhattisgarh) to discuss key issues relating to bio-
medical waste management and for ensuring effective implementation of Bio-medical
Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998 as well as CPCB guidelines by all the
concerned.
Based on the deliberations following suggestions were made :
1. Segregation should be done at the point of source of generation under survallance

of a committee of senior staff of Healthcare Facility.
2. Regular training of the staff handling bio-medical waste on the need of
segregation.
3. Plastic waste generated should be disposed off through plastics waste recyclers
registered or authorized with the concerned SPCBs/PCCs. SPCB/PCC against
HCFs involved in disposal of plastic waste through local vendors.
4. To be takes up with to state governments transportation of CBWTF and other
Healthcare Facilities vehicles for esempting toll tax or service tax.
5. Representation of CBWTFs and HCFs should be a part of central or state
advisory committee.
213 | Page
6. Proper management for washing of used linens of HCFs should be taken and
wastewater generation from washing area should be treated & disposed in
proper manner so as to comply with the effluent disposal standards stipulated
under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
7. Appointment of nodal officer in every HCF be responsible for management of
bio-medical waste.
8. Small dispensaries / clinics should also join local nearby CBWTF for disposal
of their bio-medical waste.
9. Incinerator ash disposal should be as per CPCB guidelines should be analysed
for hazardous constituents through a laboratory recognized under the E (P)
Act, 1986 for ascertaining the hazardous constituents as per HW (M, H & TM)
Rules, 2008 and for arriving at the suitable disposal option.
10. BMW collection vehicles should be equipped GPRS system facility and bar
coding introduced for waste collecting bags/containers.
Guidelines on Management, Handling, Utilization and Disposal of Phosphogypsum
Generated from Phosphoric Acid Plants:
The Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Transboundary Movement) Rules,
2008 (HWM Rules, 2008) notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, Rules
categorize phosphogypsum as High Volume Low Effect Waste and stipulates that
the management of phosphogypsum shall be carried out in accordance with the
guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
11 phosphoric acid plants generat about 6.5 million tonnes per annum of
phosphogypsum. About 4.5 - 5 Tonnes (dry basis) of phosphogypsum is generated per
Tonne of phosphoric acid (as P2O5) recovered from phosphate rock. Phosphogypsum
is presently stacked within the phosphoric acid fertiliser plants and a small quantity
is sold to the cement and plastic board manufacturing units. However, improper
handling of phosphogypsum is likely to cause environmental impacts due to low pH,
fluoride and phosphates present in the phosphogypsum.
To ensure safe management of phosphogypsum, CPCB in consultation with the

concerned stakeholders prepared guidelines envisaging present scenario of
phosphogypsum generation, existing management and handling practices as well
as safe handling, transportation, intermediate storage, stacking and with emphasize
on its utilization. These mandatory guidelines are useful to all the concerned
stakeholders and it is expected that all the phosphoric acid plants, phosphogypsum
utilisers and other stakeholders would ensure that the phosphogypsum will be
managed in accordance with the said guidelines. CPCB informed SPCBs/PCCs
about the finalized guidelines published on 17.10.2014 and also requested to take
action for ensuring compliance.
Following are the salient feature of the guidelines:
214 | Page
Design requirement of new phosphogypsum stack: A typical cross-section of

phosphogypsum stack is given below:
Suggested Liner system for the Phosphogypsum Stack
Cross Sectional View of Phosphogypsum Stack
The afore-said guidelines also emphasized on utilization phosphogypsum detailed

as below:
(i) Utilisation by installing captive plaster/gypsum board manufacturing unit;

(ii) Utilisation by plaster blocks or gypsum board manufacturing industry;
(iii) Utilisation by cement manufacturing units;
(iv) Manuifacture ammonium sulphate;
(v) Recover or manufacture sulphuric acid;
(vi) Reclamation of alkali soils and saline alkali soils and use as fertilizers in
agriculture; and
(vii) Road making
New Technologies approved under BMW Rules for Treatment of BMW:
Bio-medical Waste treatment options given in Schedule I of the BMW Rules is based
on available technologies. Any Occupier/Operator wishing to use other state-of -art
technologies shall approach the CPCB to get the standards laid down to enable the
215 | Page
prescribed authority to consider grant of authorisation. Under the powers given under
the BMW Rules, CPCB have granted approval or renewal to new technologies (other
than notified under BMW Rules) such as: (1) Waste Sharps Sterilization followed by
destruction or encapsulation and (2) PIWS-3000 for treatment of bio-medical waste.
Adoption of these new technologies is also expected to help in effective management
of bio-medical waste generated in the Country.
Plastics Waste Management (PWM)

The on Annual Report for the year 2012-13 on Plastic Waste (Management and
Handling) Amendment Rules, 201 have been secuced form out of the 34 State
Pollution Control Boards Pollution Control Communities (SPCBs/PCCs), 30 SPCB/
PCCs is annexed.
Environment issues on disposal of Plastic Waste:

Indiscriminate littering of non-biodegradability of plastic waste raise several
environmental issues; such as choking of drains, making land infertile & on
ingestion by cattles lead to death;
During polymerization process toxic fugitive emissions are released;
During product manufacturing various types of toxic gases are released;
Burning of plastic waste generates toxic emissions such as Carbon Monoxide,
Chlorine, Hydrochloric Acid, Dioxin, Furans, Amines, Nitrides, Styrene,
Benzene, 1, 3-butadiene, CCL4, and Acetaldehyde.
Lead, Cadmium DEHP and other additives, used in manufacturing and
recycling LDPE, HDPE,PP, PET etc. are toxic and known to leach out in the
environment;
Non-recyclable plastic wastes such as multilayer, metalized pouches and other
thermoset plastic poses disposal problems.
Sub-standard plastic carry bags, packaging films (<40) etc. pose problem in
collection and recycling and ultimately dumped on landfill sites;
Garbage mixed with plastic interferes in solid waste processing facilities and
also cause problem in landfill operations.
Unregistered plastic waste recycling industries operating in non-conforming
areas (Residential) are posing threat to environment due to unsound recycling
practices.
Surprise Inspections of CPCB
1. CPCB on 10th & 11th December, 2014 carried out surprise checks in 7 areas
of Delhi namely Vishwas Nagar, Peeragarhi Village (Rohtak Road), Hyderpur
Village, Shalimar Village, Nagloi Village/Naresh Park/Laxmi Park, Tri Nagar,
Shastri Nagar, Shahzadabagh & Rajiv Colony & Shree Ram Colony (Loni, U.P.).
Many units producing Plastic carry bags were .found operating without having
valid registration of Delhi Pollution Control Committee & UPSPCB. These Units
216 | Page
(30 no) producing plastic carry bags film thickness less than 40 micron.
(i) These Units do not have any measures of environmental and fire safety.
Actions Taken by CPCB
(i) Development issued to all State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and Pollution
Control Committees (PCCs) in Union Territories under Section 5 of EPA to close
ensure that all the illegal and unregistered units including units manufacturing
substandard (less than 40 micron thickness) carry bags including disconnection
of electricity, as applicable.
(ii) SPCBs/PCCs shall constitute squads for vigilance and reporting illegal operation
of unregistered units including units manufacturing substandard (less than 40
micron thickness) carry bags to the SPCB for ensuring their non-operation.
(iii) CPCB issued directions to the Secretaries of State Department of Urban
Development to prohibit/ban for stocking, selling and use by any concern in
the State/UT of any carry bag (having handle or non-handle). Those found
stocking/selling such carry bags shall be penalised by imposing a fine of Rs.1.0
lac and confiscate the material stocked or sold.
(iv) Annexure
(v) State-wise Status of Implementation of PWM Rules, 2011 for the year 2012-13
217 | Page
Name of Estimated No. of registered Plastic No. of Un- States/ Implementa- Partial or Status of Explicit Recom- No. of Number of
the SPCB/ Plastic Manufacturing/Recycling registered UTs issued tion of Plastic complete Marking Pricing of menda- viola- Municipal
PCC Waste (including multilayer, plastic man- separate Act/ Waste Manage- ban on usag- Labelling carry bags tion of tions and Authority
generation compostable) units. (Rule ufacturing Notification ment (PWM) es of Plastic on carry (Rule 10) State action under juris-
Tons Per 9) Recycling if any (At- e.g. Collection, Carry Bags bags Level taken on diction and
Annum (3) units. (in tach copy of Segregation, (through (Rule 8) Advi- non-com- Submission
(TPA) residential/ notification Disposal Executive sory (SLA) pliance of of Annual
Plastic Com- Multi- unapproved or executive ( Co-processing Order) (At- Body on provi- Report to
units postable layer areas) order) road construc- tach list of Imple- sions of CPCB
Plastic Plastic tion etc.) (Rules Plastic/Cit- mentation these (Rule 12)
Units units 6) (Attach sepa- ies/Towns) (Rule 11) Rules
rate sheet)
(1) (2) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
Andhra 243820 67 NIL 9 Not Avl. Not Avl. Not Avl. Use of carry Not Avl. Not Avl. Not Avl. Six (6) Incomplete
Pradesh bags banned defaulting Information
in Tadipatri units were regarding no.
and Chilkuru found of Municipal

Balaji Temple during Authority
the period
from April
2009 to
March
2011
A&N 2555 NIL NIL NIL NIL Not Avl. Not Avl. Not appli- Not ap- Use and SLA Con- NIL Incomplete
Island cable plicable sale of stituted Information
plasatic regarding no.
carrybags of Municipal
218 | Page
totally Authority
banned
Arunachal Not Avl. NIL NIL No Not Avl. Use of carry Letter SLA con- No infor- Not Avl. Incomplete
Pradesh bags banned sent to stituted mation Information
in 6 districts con- regarding no.
cerned of Municipal
authority Authority
Assam 1116 7 NIL 1 15 No State PWD have No NIL Not Avl. SLA not Not Avl. Incomplete
been asked consti- Information
to use plastic tuted regarding no.
waste for road of Municipal
construction etc. Authority
Bihar Not Avl. 18 Not Avl. Not Avl. Not Avl. Not Avl. Not Avl. Not Avl. Not Avl. Not Avl. No infor- Not Avl. Incomplete
mation Information
regarding no.
of Municipal
Authority
Chhattis- 5840 20 NIL NIL 08 Not Avl. CPCB granted NIL Yes NIL No infor- Ban on Incomplete
garh permission for mation manufac- Information
co-processing turing regarding no.
plastic waste of Municipal
Authority
rate sheet)
(1) (2) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)(12)
Goa 1642.5 25 NIL NIL 23 Not Avl. Not Avl. No Yes Goa Non- SLA not NIL
Incomplete
Biodegrad- consti- Information
able Act, tuted regarding no.
Notified of Municipal
Authority
Gujarat 251796.65 291 01 18 147 NA 5224 MT Not Avl. Not Avl. Not Avl. NA Notices Incomplete
issued Information
regarding no.
of Municipal
Authority
Haryana 55480 01 NIL 01 05 NA Waste manage- Use and sale Com- Not Avl. Not Avl. 2160 Incomplete
ment practices of plastic pletely Challans Information
are followed in carry bags banned issued regarding no.
few cities is totally of Municipal
banned Authority
219 | Page
Himachal 106.72 Not Avl. Not Avl. 06 NIL Not Avl. Incomplete Manufactur- Not Avl. Not Avl. Not Avl. Not Avl. Incomplete
Pradesh Information ing sale use Information
of plastic regarding no.
carry bags of Municipal
banned Authority
J&K 11748 128 NIL NIL NIL Not Avl. Information not Manufactur- Com- Not being SLA not 855.87 Incomplete
provided ing sale use pletely follo consti- qtls Information
of plastic banned wed tuted polythene regarding no.
carry bags bags of Municipal
banned Authority
Jharkhand 81030 NIL NIL NIL 04 Not Avl. Partly segre- Partly Com- Incomplete SLA body 21 Incomplete
gated banned pletely informa- consti- Information
banned tion tuted regarding no.
of Municipal
Authority
Karnataka 77247 201 02 16 Data not NIL Not Avl. Not Avl. Not Avl. Not Avl. Not Avl. Not Avl. Incomplete
available Information
regarding no.
of Municipal
Authority
rate sheet)
(1) (2) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
Kerala 50370 807 Not Avl. 01 12 Not Avl. Not Avl. Use of plastic Use of Imple- Not Avl. No viola- Incomplete
carrybags is plastic mented tion with Information
banned carrybags through respect to regarding no.
is banned local bod- produc- of Municipal

ies tion of Authority
plastic
carrybags
M.P. 23400 63 NIL 04 09 Not Avl. Plastic carry Mandu Dhar Incom- Not Avl. SLA Body 2441 Incomplete
bags were col- Cantonment, plete consti- polythene Information
lected seg- Sagar informa- tuted carry bags regarding no.
regated and tion seized of Municipal
co-incinerated Authority
cement plant
Maharash- 10950.0 TPA 491 NIL 111 NIL Not Avl. MPCB issued No such ban Carry Incomplete Not Avl. 2441.13 Incomplete
tra direction to 14 plastic from bags informa- polythene Information
220 | Page
A class cities & State Govt. <50 not tion carry bags regarding no.
202 B&C class allowed. seized of Municipal
cities for prepa- Plastic Authority
ration of Action sachets
Plan for
gutkha,
banned
Manipur 4380 08 NIL NIL 10 Not Avl. Incomplete There is no Ban on Not Avl. SLA Body Direction Incomplete
information partial ban the use has been issued Information
of thin consti- to units regarding no.
carry tuted manu- of Municipal
bags facturing Authority
sub-
standards
plastic
carry
bags.
rate sheet)
(1) (2) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
Meghalaya 4599 5 NIL 01 2 Not Avl. Not Avl. No No No Not yet Direction Incomplete
formed issued to Information
01 unit regarding no.
manufac- of Municipal
turing. Authority
Mizoram 1682.50 NIL NIL NIL NIL Not Avl. Not Avl. Incomplete NIL NIL SLA Body NIL Incomplete
information formed Information
regarding no.
of Municipal
Authority
Nagaland Not Avl. 04 NIL NIL 01 Not Avl. Incomplete Use and sale Ban on No SLA body NIL Incomplete
information of plastic manufac- was not Information
carry bags turing, consti- regarding no.
is totally storage tuted of Municipal
banned sale of Authority
221 | Page
plastic
carrybags
Odisha Not Avl. 07 NIL NIL 03 Not Avl. Few urban lo- Use of carry No such NIL SLA body 01 Incomplete
cal bodies are bags have ban not consti- Information
sending their been banned imposed tuted regarding no.
plastic waste to except of Municipal
M/s ACC Ltd. use of Authority
Bargarh for co- plastic
processing material
in gutkha
pouches
or sa-
chets
Punjab Information
not provided
Rajasthan Information
not provided
rate sheet)
(1) (2) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
(12)
Sikkim 1668.05 NIL NIL NIL NIL -- -- -- -- -- NIL --
Incomplete
Information
regarding no.
of Municipal
Authority
Tamil Nadu 205724.95 137 3 NIL Not Avl. Not Avl. Ban on use of Not Avl. Incom- TNPCB SLA Body Closure Incomplete
poly bags/plas- plete granted has been direction Information
tic carry bags informa- permission consti- issued 7 regarding no.
tion for co- tuted defaulting of Municipal
processing units Authority
plastic
waste
Tripura 10950.0 No Incomplete
infor- Information
mation regarding no.
222 | Page
avail- of Municipal
able Authority
Uttar Not Avl. 108 Not Avl. 91 17 Not Avl. Not Avl. Waste Not Avl. Incomplete Under 25 (for Incomplete
Pradesh management informa- consider- notice is- Information
practices are tion ation sued) regarding no.
followed in of Municipal
few cities like Authority
Kanpur
Delhi 251850 (infor-
mation
not
provid-
ed by
DPCC)
Lakshad- (Informa-
weep tion not
provided)
rate sheet)
(1) (2) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
Puducherry 4927.50 01 NIL 01 121 51 Road construc- Not Avl. Use of Carry bags Under Direc- Incomplete
tion on trial car- plastic are being constitution were Information
ried out using carry charged by tion issued to regarding no.
plastic waste bags the shop manu- of Municipal
complete- owner facturer Authority
ly banned of plastic
carry bag
was is-
sued.
Uttara- Not Avl. 16 NIL Not Avl. Inventorisa- Not Avl. Incomplete Incomplete Not Avl. No such The State NIL Incomplete
khand tion of such information information notifica- Govt. Information
units are un- tion has consti- regarding no.
der process been is- tuted the of Municipal
sued State Level Authority
Advisory
223 | Page
Body
West Ben- 200750 46 NIL 14 378 Not Avl. Incomplete Use of plastic Use of Not Avl. SLA Body 41 Incomplete
gal information carry bags plastic not consti- Information
completely carry tuted regarding no.
banned bags of Municipal
complete- Authority
ly banned
Chandi- 4964 NIL NIL NIL NIL Not Avl. Incomplete NIL Use of Use of Under NIL Incomplete
garh information plastic plastic process Information
carry carry bags regarding no.
bags completely of Municipal
complete- banned Authority
ly banned
Daman, Not Avl. 04 Not Avl. Not Avl. NIL Not Avl. Not Avl. Use of plastic Use of Not Avl. SLA Body NIL Incomplete
Diu & carry bags plastic not consti- Information
Dadra Na- completely carry tuted regarding no.
gar Haveli banned bags of Municipal
complete- Authority
ly banned
Total 1508597.87 2458 6 274 755
Achievements in respect of Inventory of Hazardous Waste Generation and

Implementation of Battery (Management & Handling) Rules
1. Hazardous Waste Inventory:
There are about 42429 hazardous waste generating industries in India will total
hazardous waste generation of about 7.80 million tonnes per annum. All these
wastes are categorized into three components such as landfillable, recyclable and
incinerable and their percentage constitutions are given below:
Total generation - 7.80 million tonnes /Annum for

Landfillable - 3.37 million tonnes /Annum: (43.2%)
Recyclable - 3.82 million tonnes /Annum: (49%)
Incinerable - 0.61 million tonnes /Annum: (7.8 %)
38 TSDFs (Treatment, Storage and disposal Facilities) facilities for treatment;

storage and disposal of hazardous wastes in an environmentally sound and techno-
economical viable manner are in operation in 17 states. I absence of TSDFs the
other UTs States have limited or inadequate options for disposal due to deffecathis
in interstate movement. The existing TSDFs have a cumulative capacity of about
32 Million Metric tons for secure landfilling and about 0.18 Million no. has to be in
contanity tonnes / annum for Incineration.
Table: State/UT wise Status of Common Integrated Treatment,
Storage & Disposal Facilities (TSDFs), Exclusive Common
Incinerators & Secured Landfills
S. State/UT Integrated Exclusive Common Exclusive Common
No. TSDFs Incinerators Secured Landfills (ECSLs)
1. Andhra Pradesh 1 - -
2. Gujarat 4 1 4
3. Haryana 1 - -
4. Himachal Pradesh - - 1
5. Karnataka - 5 1
6. Kerala - - 1
7. Madhya Pradesh 1 - -
8. Maharashtra 3 - 1
9. Orissa - - 1
10. Punjab - - 1
11. Rajasthan - 1 2
12. Tamilnadu 1 - -
13. Telangana 1 - -
14. UP 2 1 1
15. Uttarkhand 1 - -
16. West Bengal 1 - -
17. Daman, Diu, Dadra 1* - -
& Nagar Haveli
TOTAL 17 8 13
* Installed incinerator with air pollution control devices (as per ATR dated 24.01.2013
submitted by DD&DNH PCC)
224 | Page
Implementation of Batteries (Management & Handling) Rules:

The primary objective of the Battery Rules is channelizing the used lead acid batteries
for environmentally sound recycling. Battery Rules have been specified for proper
control and record keeping on manufacture, sale, import, generation, collection and
recycling of used /discorded batteries by involving various stakeholders.
Responsibilities have been fixed under Battery Rules for stakeholders such as
manufacturer, importers, re-conditioners and assemblers to ensure that used
batteries are collected back and routed through registered used batteries recyclers
and also responsibilities were fixed on other stake holders such as dealers, recyclers,
consumers, auctioneers and regulators including the customs authorities.
Status of the Registered Importers of New Lead Acid Batteries

As per the amendment notification SO 1002 (E) dated 04.05.2010 under the Batteries
(Management & Handling) Rules. 2001. Central Pollution Control Board uses
registration to importers of new lead acid batteries. The validity of registration fixed
for the period of 5 years from the date of registration with the following condition:
(i) The company shall fulfill the responsibilities specified under Rule 4 of the
Batteries (Management & Handling) Amendment Rules, 2010.
(ii) The company shall file an undertaking as per Form III as specified under Rule
6 (iii) to the Member Secretary of the concerned State Boards and with a copy
to the Central Pollution Control Board/ concerned Customs Authority.
(iii) The company shall file half-yearly returns of the sale/collection of lead acid
batteries in Form I to the concerns State Pollution Control Board/PCCs with a
copy to Central Pollution Control Boards/Customs Authority.
Web based Battery Registration and Management System (BRMS)
Central Pollution Control Board has developed a web based on-line application
submission system to bring transparency in public domain and also to increase
the efficiency in the process of grant of registration to the importers of new lead
acid batteries wherein importers desirous of seeking registration can apply on-line
for registration, filing half-yearly return, submit undertaking prior to import and
renewal of registration. SPCBs/PCCs, Customs Authority and general publics can
view the reports/status of registration granted by CPCB and also verify the half-
yearly returns and undertakings are submitted or not on the on-line BRMS website
(http://www.cpcbbrms.nic.in).
Status of On-line Registration of New Lead Acid Battery Importers

210 new lead acid batter importers have been registered from 1st March 2013 till
31st December 2014. The status of registration granted to new lead acid batteries
importers is given below:
225 | Page
Figure: CPCB BRMS website page

Table: On-line Registrations of New Lead Acid Battery Importers
Period 1st March 2013- 31st March 2014 Year 2014-15 (up to December 2014)
137 73
Total On-line Registration Granted : 210
Table: Status of Half-yearly Return submitted by Registered

Importers of New Lead Acid Batteries
Number of Importers submitted the Number of Importers submitted the half-yearly
half-yearly returns for the year 2012-13 returns for the year 2013-14
161 124
Table: State wise Status of Cancellation Notice issued to non-

compliance Importers of NLA Batteries
Name of the State Boards/PCCs Number of Importers sent cancellation Notice
AP 07
Chhattisgarh 06
Delhi 312
Telangana 58
Workshop for Mass Awareness on Implementation of Batteries (Management &

Handling) Rules, 2001
The one day Mass Awareness programme organised at Lucknow during on March
25, 2014 was attended by representation of Battery Manufacturers, Importers,
Recyclers, dealer, bulk consumer and representatives of NGOs, SPSBs, PCCs
and CPCB Head Quarter. The outcomes of during the workshop are summarized
below:
226 | Page
Recommendations for effective implementations

1. The manufactures should be directed to sell the new batteries only through the
dealers registered by SPCBs/PCCs.
2. All SPCBs/PCCs shall update the list of manufactures, dealers, assemblers
and re-conditioners.
3. State Boards will ensure timely submission of the Annual Compliance Status
Report (ACSR) to the Central Pollution Control Board by 30th April every year
as per the format provided by CPBC.
4. SPCBs may develop online systems for tracking the sale of new batteries and
collection of used batteries in the State.
5. State Boards will step- up vigilance to track illegal recyclers and submit a
status reports to CPCB.
6. Like e-waste rules EPR mechanism should be developed for battery recycling.
7. The software developed for importers of battery should be replicated for
registration of dealers along with auto generation of certificate at dealers end.
8. More workshops should be organized at regional level for public awareness.
9. Manufactures to be mandated to conduct periodical awareness programme
down to taluk and village level for the dealers; the number of collection centers
to be increased by manufacture and wide publicity to be given.
10. Incentives to consumers for returning the used batteries may be revised taking
into account the practices in others countries.
11. Bulk Consumer may directly tie up with the registered secondary smelter/
recyclers for disposal of ULAB to avoid scape of feeding illegal smelting.
12. Large Recycling unit may conduct environmental audit against the internationally
Recognized Green Lead Practices for their own benefit.
13. Development of software for on-line filing returns.
14. Unauthorized lead smelters are required to be identified and suitable enforcement
/legal action be initiated by respective SPCB/PCCs.
Status of Battery Importers Registration and Half-yearly returns received:
Total number of registration granted till February, 2015 : 1920
Number of new registration granted during 2014- 15 : 85
Half-yearly returns received from registered importers : 543/1835
Total No. of defaulter importer : 1292
Based on half-yearly returns received CPCB has issued 383 notice to the
defaulter battery importers for cancellation of registration in phase -I
227 | Page
Details of year wise half-yearly returns received and used batteries collected:
Details Quantity of Batteries Quantity of Batteries Sold Quantity of used
Imported Batteries collected back
and sent to registered
recyclers
Year Cumulative No. Of Number Weight in MT Number Weight in Number Weight in
No. of Importer MT MT
Registered submitted
Importers Half-Yearly
Return
2001-12 1533 262 160,38,421 3,61,398.69 136,38,533 6,86,915.43 70,97,112 1,246.71
2012-13 1704 157 353,90,017 96,989.97 344,35,057 28,011.42 39,91,514 5,826.66
2013-14 1835 124 379,16,382 50,798.67 394,65,446 88,480.04 51,25,467 4,510.85
Total 1835 543 893,44,820 5,09,187.33 875,39,036 8,03,406.89 162,14,093 11,584.22
* Importers registered after 1st March, 2013 through On-line BRMS are not included
due to technical problem in the website.
228 | Page
Annexure I
DELEGATION OF POWERS BY CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD TO

POLLUTION CONTROL COMMITTEES
S. Union Pollution Gazette Notification No. for Date of

No Territory Control Power Delegation Notification
Committee
1. Andaman The Pollution Gazette of India Extraordinary, 16.01.1992
& Nicobar Control Part-II, Section-3, Sub-section
Islands Committee (ii) S. O. No. 33 Dated 16.01.1992
Andaman & Legal /156(4) 1990 dated
& Nicobar 3.06.2004
Islands
2. Chandigarh Chandigarh Gazette of India Extraordinary, 15.03.1991
Pollution Part-II, Section-3, Sub-section
Control (ii) S. O. No. 199(E) dated
Committee 15.03.1991 & S.O. 1131 (E) dated
23.10.2002
3. Daman Diu & Pollution Gazette of India Extraordinary, 26.11.1992
Dadra Nagar Control Part-II, Section-3, Sub-section
Haveli Committee (ii) S. O. No. 862 (E) dated
Daman Diu & 26.11.1992; amended vide
Dadra Nagar notification No. S.O. 384 (E) dated
Haveli 19.2.1996 and S.O. 698(E) dated
03.07.1998
File No. B-12015/7/04/AS, dated
17.12.2004
4. Delhi Delhi Gazette of India Extraordinary, 15.03.1991
Control (ii) S. O. No. 198 (E) dated
Committee 15.03.1991; amended vide
Notification No. S.O. 640 (E)
dated14.06.2002
5. Lakshadweep Lakshadweep Gazette of India Extraordinary, 31.08.1988
Control (ii) S. O. No 842 (E) dated
Committee 31.08.1988 & legal /156(4) 1990
dated 23.03.2006
6. Puducherry Puducherry Gazette of India Extraordinary, 10.03.1992
Control (ii) S. O. No. 787 (E) dated
Committee 10.03.1992; amended vide
Notification No. F.No.Legal/158/
(4)/90 dated 01.05.2011
229 | Page
Annexure-II
LIST OF CPCB BOARD MEMBERS

(As on 31.03.2015)
Sl. Name, Designation with Address Nominated

No.
1. Shri Shashi Shekhar Chairman
Chairman,
Central Pollution Control Board,
Parivesh Bhavan, East Arjun Nagar,
Delhi 110 032
2. The Joint Secretary Member
Ministry of Mines,
R.No. 322 A Wing, Shastri Bhavan,
New Delhi 110 001
3. The Adviser Member
Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
(Handling Water Quality Monitoring Works)
Paryavaran Bhavan,
C.G.O.Complex, Lodi Road,
New Delhi 110 003
4. The Joint Secretary (CP) Member
Ministry of Environment , Forest & Climate Change
Paryavaran Bhavan,
New Delhi 110 003
5. The Joint Secretary (Refineries) Member
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas,
Shastri Bhawan,
Dr. Rajender Pd. Road,
New Delhi - 110 001
6. The Additional Secretary and Financial Adviser Member
Ministry of Environment , Forests & Climate Change
Paryavaran Bhavan,
New Delhi 110 003
7. The Chairman, Member
Haryana State Pollution Control Board,
C-11, Sector 6,
Panchkula (HARYANA)
Bihar State Pollution Control Board,
Beltron Bhavan, IInd floor,
Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Shastri Nagar,
Patna 800023, Bihar.
Maharashtra Pollution Control Board,
Kalpataru Points, 3-4th floors,
Sion Matunga Schem Rd.No. 6,
Opp. Cine Planet, Sion Circle Sion (E),
Mumbai-400 022.
230 | Page
Sl. Name, Designation with Address Nominated

No.
10. Smt. Abhilasha Gupta Member
Mayor
287, Bahadur Ganj
Allahabad 211 003
Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board,
No. 76, Mount Salai, Guindy,
Chennai 600 032.
12. Dr. A.B. Akolkar Member Secretary
Member Secretary
Parivesh Bhavan, East Arjun Nagar
Delhi 110 032
231 | Page
Annexure-III
ORGANISATION STRUCTURE OF CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
232 | Page
Annexure IV
SANCTIONED STAFF STRENGTH IN CPCB AND NUMBER OF VACANCIES

IN EACH CADRE AS ON 31.03.2013
Sl. Name of the Post Sanctioned Filled Vacant Post

No. Posts as on date Regular/ Dep.
1 Scientist F (02) 03 03 -
2 Scientist E (08) 34 30 04
3 Scientist D (22) 32 30 02
4 Scientsit C (60) 76 68 08
5 Scientist B (75) 22 05 17
6 Senior Law Officer 01 01 -
7 Finance & Account Officer 01 - 01
8 Sr. Administrative Officer 01 01 -
9 Administrative Officer 07 06 01
10 Law Officer 02 02 -
11 Assistant Law Officer 02 - 02
12 Hindi Officer 01 01 -
13 Accounts Officer 02 02 -
14 Assistant Accounts Officer 05 05 -
15 Assistant Technical Officer 01 - 01
16 Section Officer 10 07 03
17 Private Secretary 20 19 01
18 Senior Technical Supervisor 09 08 01
19 Draughting Supervisor 01 - 01
20 Senior Scientific Assistant 34 33 01
21 Senior Hindi Translator 01 01 -
22 Technical Supervisor* 06 03 03
23 Assistant 19 14 05
24 Data Processing Assistant 04 01 03
25 Senior Draughtsman 02 02 -
26 Junior Enginner (E & M) 01 - 01
27 Junior Enginner (Civil) 01 - 01
28 Personal Assistant 01 - 01
29 Accounts Assistant 08 08 -
30 Junior Hindi Translator 01 - 01
31 Publication Assistant 01 01 -
32 Junior Scientific Assistant 29 27 02
33 Senior Technician* 11 05 06
34 Junior Technician 07 06 01
35 Senior Laboratory Assistant 29 24 05
233 | Page
Sl. Name of the Post Sanctioned Filled Vacant Post

No. Posts as on date Regular/ Dep.
36 Junior Laboratory Assistant 31 24 07
37 Field Attendant 07 07 -
38 Upper Division Clerk 24 23 01
39 Lower Division Clerk 20 07 13
40 Senior Attendant 15 15 -
41 Driver Special Grade 01 - 01
42 Driver Grade-I 07 07 -
43 Driver Grade-II 06 - 06
44 Driver (Ordinary) 08 05 03
45 Data Entry Operator Grade-I 02 - 02
46 Data Entry Operator Grade-II 06 06 -
47 Stenographer 03 03 -
48 Pump & Wheel Valve Operator 01 01 -
49 Plumber 01 01 -
50 Attendant 22 21 01
Total 539 433 106
- Figures shown in the brackets are the number of scientific posts at the time of induction of the Flexible
Complementing Scheme in CPCB (Interchangeable)
- 02 posts of Scientist D (one Sr. Env. Engineer and one Sr. Scientist Sl. No. 3), 02 posts of Scientist
B (Sl. No. 5), 02 posts of Senior Scientific Assistanat (Sl. No. 20) and 02 posts of Junior Scientific
Assistant (Sl. No. 32) are sanctioned under HWMD for which approval for continuation is awaited.
* 04 post of Technical Supervisor have been adjusted to the lower posts of Sr. Technician under GFR -
254 (Vide Sl. No. 22 & 33)
234 | Page
SANCTIONED STAFF STRENGTH IN CPCB AND NUMBER OF VACANCIES IN

EACH CADRE AS ON 31.03.2013
Sl. Name of the Post Sancti- Filled Vacant Deemed Abolished

No. oned abolished/ by MoEF
approval
Regular/ Ad- for revival
Dep. hoc awaited
Total number of scientific posts at the time of induction of the Flexible Complementing
Scheme (Interchangeable)
1 Scientist F - 02 2 - - -
2 Scientist E - 08 7 - - -
3 Scientist D - 22 45 - - -
4 Scientsit C - 60 36 - - -
168 25
5 Scientist B - 76 52 - 1 -
6 Senior Law Officer 1 - - -
7 Finance & Account - - - -
Officer
8 Sr. Administrative 1 - - -
Officer
9 Administrative 6 -
Officer
10 Law Officer 2 - - -
11 Assistant Law 1 - - -
Officer
12 Hindi Officer 1 - - -
13 Accounts Officer 2 - - -
14 Assistant Accounts 5 - - -
Officer
15 Assistant Technical - - - -
Officer
16 Section Officer 8 - - -
17 Private Secretary 18 - - -
18 Senior Technical 8 - - -
Supervisor
19 Draughting 1 - - -
Supervisor
20 Deputy Librarian - - 1 -
21 Senior Scientific 30 - - 1
Assistant
22 Senior Hindi 1 - - -
Translator
23 Technical 2 - - -
Supervisor
24 Assistant 16 - - -
25 Data Processing - 1 - -
Assistant
235 | Page
Sl. Name of the Post Sancti- Filled Vacant Deemed Abolished

No. oned abolished/ by MoEF
approval
Regular/ Ad- for revival
Dep. hoc awaited
26 Senior 2 - - -
Draughtsman
27 Junior Enginner (E 1 - - -
& M)
28 Junior Enginner - - - -
(Civil)
29 Personal Assistant 1 - - -
30 Accounts Assistant 8 - - -
31 Junior Hindi - - - -
Translator
32 Publication 1 - - -
Assistant
33 Junior Scientific 27 1 - 6
Assistant
34 Senior Technician 8 - - 4
35 Junior Technician 7 - - -
36 Senior Laboratory 28 - - 3
Assistant
37 Junior Laboratory 26 - - 7
Assistant
38 Field Attendant 7 - - -
39 Upper Division 24 - - -
Clerk
40 Lower Division 15 - 13 2
Clerk
41 Senior Attendant 15 - - -
42 Driver Special 1 - - -
Grade
43 Driver Grade-I 7 - - -
44 Driver Grade-II 1 - - -
45 Driver (Ordinary) 6 - - -
46 Data Entry 1 - - -
Operator Grade-I
47 Data Entry 6 - - 2
Operator Grade-II
48 Junior Draftsman - - 1 -
49 Stenographer 3 - 5 2
50 Cashier - - 6 -
51 Pump & Wheel 1 - - 1
Valve Operator
52 Plumber 1 - - -
53 Attendant 22 - 8 9
Total 464 2 35 37
236 | Page
02 posts of Scientist D (one Sr. Env. Engineer and one Sr. Scientist Sl. No. 3), 02
posts of Scientist B (Sl. No. 5), 02 posts of Senior Scientific Assistanat (Sl. No. 21)
and 02 posts of Junior Scientific Assistant (Sl. No. 33) are sanctioned under HWMD
for which approval for continuation is awaited.
One post of Assistant Technical Officer (Sl.No. 15) is sanctioned, however approval
for Recruitment Rules are still awaited.
Five post of Sr. Technician are abolished by MoEF, however, one post is filled up due to
exigency of work. (Sl. No. 34).
POST CREATED BY THE CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD AFTER THE

NOTIFICATION OF CPCB REGULATIONS, 1995 AND FOR WHICH CONCURRENCE OF
GOVERNMENT IS AWAITED.
Sl. Name of the post Approved by Filled Unfilled
No. the CPCB Regular/Dep. Ad-hoc
1. Assistant Law Officer 1 - - 1
2. Sr. Hindi Officer 1 - - 1
3. Accounts Assistant 6 - - 6
4. Senior Hindi Translator 1 - - 1
5. Junior Hindi Translator 7 - - 7
6. Hindi Typist (LDC) 7 - - 7
7. Driver Grade II 3 - - 3
8. Attendant (Safaiwala) 10 - 8 2
9. Field Attendant 11 - - 11
Total 47 0 8 39
237 | Page

Chapter XII
179 | Page
Chapter XII
179 - i | Page
194 - ii | Page
179 - iii | Page

194 - iv | Page
179 - v | Page
194 - vi | Page
179 - vii | Page

194 - viii | Page

179 - ix | Page
194 - x | Page
179 - xi | Page
194 - xii | Page

179 - xiii | Page

194 - xiv | Page

179 - xv | Page
194 - xvi | Page

179 - xvii | Page

194 - xviii | Page

179 - xix | Page

194 - xx | Page
179 - xxi | Page

194 - xxii | Page

179 - xxiii | Page

194 - xxiv | Page

179 - xxv | Page

194 - xxvi | Page

179 - xxvii | Page

194 - xxviii | Page

179 - xxix | Page

194 - xxx | Page

179 - xxxi | Page

CPCB Annual Report 2014-15 Highlights Key Pollution Data

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Annual Report 2014-15

Central Pollution Control Board

Central Pollution Control Board

CPCB, 300 Copies, 2015 (English)

Published by : PR Division, Central Pollution Control Board on behalf of

Chapter Title Page

II Constitution of The Central Pollution Control Board 4

III Meetings of The Central Pollution Control Board 5

IV Committees Constituted by the Board and Their Activities 8

V Air, Water and Noise Monitoring Network 9

VI Present State of Environment, Environmental Problems and 47

VII Environmental Research 124

VIII Environmental Training 136

IX Environmental Awareness and Public Participation 138

X Environmental Standards Including Schedule for Their 145

XI Prosecutions Launched, Convictions Secured and Directions 174

XII Finance and Accounts 179

XIV Other Important Activities 182

1.1 FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL BOARD

Advise the Central Government on any matter concerning prevention and

1.3 DELEGATION OF POWERS BY CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

CONSTITUTION OF THE CENTRAL BOARD

MEETINGS OF CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

3.1 MEETINGS OF THE CENTRAL BOARD

S. No. Meeting No. Date Place

3.2 MAJOR DECISIONS TAKEN BY THE BOARD

3.3. REGIONAL CONFERENCE

Adoption of National Air Quality Index for cities and towns;

Identification of new Polluted River Stretches and Setting up of Continuous

COMMITTEES CONSTITUTED BY THE BOARD & THEIR ACTIVITIES

4.1 Constitution of Sectoral Standing Committee and National

Implementation of pollution Control measures for enhancing pollution compliance

4.2 Constitution of Sectoral Standing Committee and National

Implementation of pollution Control measure for enhancing pollution compliance

4.3 Real Time Water Quality Monitoring (RTWQM)

1. Engagement of the RTWQM data service provider 2. Engagement of Real Time

4.4 Technical Expert Committee

AIR, WATER AND NOISE MONITORING NETWORK

5.1 WATER QUALITY MONITORING

PRIORITY WISE POLLUTED RIVER STRETCHES

The number of polluted stretches State-wise in descending order are Maharashtra

STATE-WISE POLLUTED RIVER STRETCHES

Andhra Pradesh - Godavari, Hundari, Krishna, Tungabhadra, Pennar and Kundu

Assam - Mora Bharali, Barak, Beki, Bharalu, Bhogdoi, Boginadi, Brahmaputra,

Delhi - Yamuna categorized as Priority class I

Gujarat - Mahi, Narmada, Ambika, Amlakhadi, Anas, Baleshwar Khadi, Bhadar,

Karnataka - Arkavathi, Bhadra, Bhima, Cauvery, Ghatprabha, Kabini, Kagina, Kali,

Kerala - Chitrapuzha, Kadambayar, Kallai, Karamana, Keecheri, Kuppam,

Maharashtra - Wena, Wainganga, Godavari, Bhima, Krishna, Ulhas, Kundalika,

URBAN CENTRES ALONG POLLUTED RIVER STRETCHES

PUNJAB RAJASTHAN Banas, DELHI

MADHYA PRADESH Banjar, SIKKIM Dichu,Manely,Khola,

TELANGANA Godavari, BIHAR Ganga,Harbora,

( MAP NOT TO SCALE )

STATE WISE MAPPING OF POLLUTED RIVERS IN INDIA

5.1.2 Water quality monitoring in River Ganga

Table 5.1 : Monitored Water quality of inter state Rivers

5.1.4 Monitoring during Magh Mela 2015 :

Average concentrations of DO, BOD, COD & Cl

Compliance verification of Grossly Polluting Industries.

Table 5.3 : Sector wise distribution of industries inspected

Fig 5.3 : District wise status of Industries inspected in U.P.

PULP & PAPER

4.1 Constitution of Sectoral Standing Committee and National

4.2 Constitution of Sectoral Standing Committee and National