2013 2014 Lesseon Plan I Sem M. Tech

Department of Mechanical Engineering
1st Semester M. Tech. (Design Engineering), 2013-2014
12MDE11: APPLIED MATHEMATICS

Teaching Faculty ;
Dr. A. M. Sangogi
Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics
TEXT BOOKS
1. S. S. Shastry Numerical analysis for engineers. Tata Mcgraw Hill Edition
2. Steven . Chapra, Raymond P. Canale Numerical methods for engineers
Fourth Edition, Tata Mcgraw Hill Edition
3. M. K. Jain, S R K Iyenar, R. K. Jain Numerical methods for Scientific and
Engineering computation , NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL Publishers.
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Perez Moin Application of numerical methods to engineering
2. Daid C lay , Linear algebra and its application Third Edition Pearson
Education.
Course Title : Applied Mathematics

Course Code : 12MDE11
Hrs / Week : 04
Total Hours : 52
I. A. Marks : 50
Exam Hours : 03
Exam Marks : 100
Course Objectives:
1. Mathematical modeling and its role in engineering problem solving.

2. To understand the concepts of convergence and divergence of bracketing
methods and open methods.
3. Introduce technique for locating the roots of polynomial. Also to deal with
some fundamental computer manipulations involving polynomials.
4. Understanding of high accuracy numerical differentiation and integration
formulas.
5. To solve the system of linear algebraic equations.
6. To know the significance of eigen values and eigen vectors.
K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiris

College of Engineering & Technology, Udyambag, Belgaum -08
Page No: 1 of 40
LESSON PLAN
04 Hours / Week
Cumulativ
e
Percentag
Lectur percentag
Topics Break Down e of
e e of
Portion
portion
covered
UNIT I : Approximations and round off errors
To round-off a number to n-significant digits. To understand how conservation laws are
employed to develop mathematical models.
Significant figures, accuracy and precision error
1, 2, 3
definitions, round off errors
4,5 Truncation errors. Mathematical modeling
Engineering problem solving : Simple Mathematical
6, 7, 8 15 15
model, Conservation Laws and engineering
At the end of the topic the students are able to:
1. High accuracy results with n significant digits
2. form the mathematical models of different problems.
Unit II :Roots of Equation
This unit introduces the solutions of equations involving trigonometric, logarithm and
exponential functions and understand concepts of convergence and divergence.
9, 10 Bracketing methods Graphical method, Bisection method
11, 12 False position method, Newton-Raphson Secant Method
13,14 Multiple roots, Simple fixed point iteration
12 27
1. solve the different types of equations.
2. test the nature of convergence.
UNIT III : Roots of polynomial
To study the technique for locating both real and complex roots of polynomial. Also to deal with
some fundamental computer manipulations involving polynomials.
15,16 Polynomials in Engineering and Science
17,18 Mullers method, Bairstows method
19,20 Graeffes Roots Squaring Method 12 39
1. solve the polynomials for both real and complex roots.
UNIT IV : Numerical Differentiation and Numerical Integration

To determine the numerical values of derivatives and integrals of single order of equally
spaced data of f(x).
21, 22 Newton-Cotes and Guass Quadrature
Integration formulae,
23, 24 Integration of equations, Romberg integration
25, 26 Numerical differentiation Applied to Engineering
problems, High Accuracy differentiation formulae. 12 51

Page No: 2 of 40

1. find the derivatives of the function at any point in the given range.
2. integrate function for certain regular intervals
UNIT V : System of Linear Algebraic Equations and Eigen Value Problems
Deals with the solution of system of linear algebraic equations by iterative and direct methods
and also the error analysis and convergence.
27, 28 Introduction, Direct methods, Cramers Rule, Gauss
Elimination Method, Gauss-Jordan Elimination Method,
29, 30 Triangularization method, Cholesky Method, Partation
Method,
31, 32 Error Analysis for direct methods, Iteration Methods
12 63
1. solve the non-homogenous system of equations.
2. find the errors and convergence nature.
UNIT VI : Eigen values and Eigen Vectors
To understand the significance of eigen values and determine the eigen values and eigen
vectors of non-homogenous system of equations.
33, 34 Bounds on Eigen Values, Jacobi method for symmetric
matrices, Givens method for symmetric matrices
35, 36 Householders method for symmetric matrices, Rutishauser
method for arbitrary matrices,
37, 38 Power method, Inverse power method
11 74
1. find the eigen values and corresponding eigen vectors.
2. find dominant eigen value of a square matrix
UNIT VII : Linear Transformation
To understand matrix factorization as statement about the linear transformation.
39, 40 Introduction to linear transformation
41, 42 The matrix of linear transformation
43, 44, Linear models in science and engineering 13 87
45
1. factorize the matrix.
2. find the transformation of the matrix
Unit VIII : Orthogonality and Least Squares
To understand inconsistent linear systems in practical work
46, 47, Inner product, length and orthogonality, orthogonal sets
48
49,50 Orthogonal projections, the Gram- Schmidt process
51, 52 Least square problems, inner product spaces 13 100
1. Judge the consistency of system of linear equations
Outcome :
Page No: 3 of 40
1. Fundamental understanding of the importance of computers, the role of

approximation, errors in the implementation of numerical methods of higher
precision and accuracy.
2. Polynomials are extensively used in curve fitting. The most powerful
application is in characterizing dynamic system such as mechanical devices,
structures and electric circuits.
3. Numerical integration formulas play an important role in the differential
equations.
4. Angular velocity and angular acceleration at any point of time can be
computed by numerical differentiation formula.
5. Linear Algebraic Equations and Eigen Value Problems arise in variety of
problems in all discipline of engineering which originate in the mathematical
modeling of large systems of interconnected elements such as structures,
electric circuits and fluid networks.
Program Outcomes
Subject Learning a b c d e f g h i j k
Objectives (SLO)
High accuracy
results with n
significant digits
X X X X X X X X
&. mathematical
models of different
problems
Solutions of different
types of equations &
nature of X X X X X X X X
convergence
.
Solutions for locating
both real and
complex roots of X X X X X X X X
polynomial .
derivatives of
different orders &
integrals of function
X X X X X X X X
when expressed as
table of values of
x&y.
Solutions of non-
homogenous system
of equationsand X X X X X X X X X
convergence nature.
eigen values and X X X X X X X

corresponding eigen
vectors of square
matrix.

Page No: 4 of 40
factorize the matrix.

& find the
X X X X X X X
transformation of the
matrix.
Test the consistency
of system of linear X X X X X X X
equations
(a) Graduates will demonstrate knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering.
(b) Graduates will demonstrate an ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering
problems.
(c) Graduate will demonstrate an ability to design and conduct experiments, analyze
and interpret data.
(d) Graduates will demonstrate an ability to design a system, component or process

as per needs and specifications.
(e) Graduates will demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and
multidisciplinary tasks.
(f) Graduate will demonstrate skills to use modern engineering tools, softwares and
equipment to analyze problems.
(g) Graduates will demonstrate knowledge of professional and ethical responsibilities.
(h) Graduate will be able to communicate effectively in both verbal and written form.
(i) Graduate will show the understanding of impact of engineering solutions on the
society and also will be aware of contemporary issues.
(j) Graduate will develop confidence for self education and ability for life-long
learning.
(k) Graduate who can participate and succeed in competitive examinations.
Prepared By Approved By
ASSIGNMENTS
Assignment 1 - Approximations and round off errors

Approximate Cos(x) for I x I /4 with an error of no greater than
1
10-5.
2 Find the number of terms of the exponential series such that their
sum gives the valus of ex at x = 1 up to 6 decimal places.

Page No: 5 of 40
3 The diferenatial equation governing the velocity of a falling

parachutist is given by dv / dt = g c/m V, where g acceleration
due to gravity, m mass, c drag coefficient. Obtain analytic
solution at x = 10 secs also obtain finite difference approximation
insteps of 2 secs till t = 10, assume v (0) = 0, g = 9.8, m = 68.1, c =
12.5
4 Round of the following numbers to 4 significant figures.
38.46235 0.70029 0.0022218 19.235101 2.36425
5 Round of the following to 2 decimal places.
48.21416 2.3742 52.275 2.375 81.255
Assignment 2 - Roots of Equation
6 Find the smallest positive root of cosx 1.3 x = 0 by bisection
method
performing 5 iterations.
7 Obtain a positive root of equation x 3 5x + 1 = 0 by secant method
for 4 iterations.
8 Show that the real root of equation tanx + tanhx = 0 lies between 2
& 3. Then apply the regular falsi method to find the root to 3 rd
approximation.
9 Find the real root of the equation x sinx + cosx = 0 using Newton
Raphson method up to 4 decimal places.
10 Find the root of the equation x = cosx+ 3, correct to 3 decimal
places by fixed point iteration method with initial approximation x 0 =
/2
Assignment 3 - Roots of polynomial
11 Perform two iterations of mullers method to find the smallest root of
x3 5x + 1 = 0.
12 Perform two iterations of Baiarstows method to extract a quadratic
factor x2+rx+s from the polynomial x 3 + x2 x + 2 start with initial
approximations r = - 0.9, s = 0.9.
13 Obtain a quadratic factor of polynomial x 3 x2 2x + 1 by
Baiarstows method.
14 Use mullers method with the initial guesses of 4.5, 5.5, 5
3
respectively to determine a root of equation f(x) = x 13x 12.
15 Find all the roots of the equation x3 2x2 5x + 6 = 0 by Graeffes
root squaring methods, squaring thrice.
16 Find all the roots of the equation x 3 3x2 6x + 8 = 0 by Graeffes

root squaring methods, squaring four times.
Assignment 4 - Numerical Differentiation and Numerical Integration
17 Compute the value of 01 dx/1 + x2 by using Trapezoidal rule with h =
0.5, 0.25, 0.125 then obtain better estimatation by using Rombergs
integration method. Compare your results with the true value.
Page No: 6 of 40
18 Use Rombergs method to compute 1 dx/1 + x corrected to three

0
decimal places.
Given that
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
7.989 8.403 8.781 9.129 9.45 9.750 10.031
1
find dy / dx, d2y / dx2 at 1.1 and 1.6
19 Derive the Gaussian integration formula when n = 2 and apply this
to evaluate the integral -1 1 dx/1 + x2.
20 /4
If I= 0 Cos x dx compute I (0, /4), I (0, /8), I (/4, /8).

2
Assignment 5 - System of Linear Algebraic Equations and Eigen Value

Problems
21 Solve the equations 3x + y + 2z = 3, 2x 3y z = 3, x + 2y + z =
4 by direct method.
22 Solve x1 + 2x2 x3 = 2, 3x1 + 6x2 + x3 = 1, 3x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 = 3 by
Cramers rule.
23 Solve the system of equations by Gauss elimination method with
partial pioting x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 x4 = -5, 3x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 = 7, 4x1 + 2x3
+ x4 = 8,
2x1 + x2 + x3 2x4 = -10.
24 Solve the system of equations 2x1 + 4x2 6x3 = -8, x1 + 3x2 + x3 =
10,
2x1 4x2 2x3 = -12 by Gauss Jordan method.
25 Solve 3x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 10, 2x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 = 14, x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 14
by LU decomposition method.
26 Find the inverse of a matrix by using LU decomposition.
3 2 1
2 3 1
1 2 2

Page No: 7 of 40
27 Find the inverse of a matrix by Gauss Jorden with partial pioting and
hence solve.
1 1 1 x1 1
2 3 1 x2 = 6
1 2 2 x3 4
28 Solve the equations x 1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 5, 2x 1 + 8x2 + 22x3 =

6,
3x1 + 22x2 + 82x3 = -10 using Cholesky method.
Assignment 6 - Eigen values and Eigen Vectors
29 Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of a matrix
5 0 1
0 -2 0
1 0 5
30 The largest eigen value in the modulus of a square matrix A cannot

exceed the largest sum of the moduli of the elements along any row
or any column.
31 Find all the eigen values of a matrix by Jacobi method
3 2 1
2 3 2 iterate till the off diagonal
1 2 3 elements in the magnitude are < 0.0005.
32 Use Givens method to find the eigen values of the tri-diagonal
matrix.
2 -1 0
-1 2 -1
0 -1 2
33 Find the eigen values of the matrix by House holders method
1 2 -1
2 1 2
-1 2 1
34 Find approximately the eigen values of the matrix

-15 4 3 using the Rutishauser method, apply the
10 -12 6 procedure until the elements of lower
20 -4 2 triangular part are < 0.005 in
magnitude.

Page No: 8 of 40
35 Determine the largest eigen value and corresponding eigen vector of

the matrix
4 1 0 up to three decimal places using
1 20 1 power method.
0 1 4
36 Find the eigen values correct to two decimal place which is nearest
to 5 for the matrix using the inverse power method. Obtain the
corresponding eigen vector taking [ 1 1 1 ]T as initial approximation.
Assignment 7 Linear Transformation
37 1 -3 2 3
Let Ax = 3 5 u = -1 = 2
-1 7 -5
define a linear transformation T : IR2 R3 by
x1 3x2 then find
T(x) = Ax = 3x1 + 5x2 1. Find T(u) : image of u
-x1 + 7x2 2. Find x IR2 whose
image
under T is b
38 Find the matrix of linear transformation T (a b c) = (2b + c, a 4b,
3a).
39 Prove that T : U V of a vector space U to a vector space V over the
same field F is a linear transformation if and only if V , U and
C1 , C2 F
40 Find a eigen space of linear transformation
T : R3 R3 defined by T ( x y z ) = ( 2x + y, y-z, 2y + 4z )
41 In a certain city about 7% of city population moves to the
surrounding suburbs each year and 3% of suburban population
moves in to the city. In 2008 there are 800,000 residents in the city
and 500,000 in suburbs. Set up a difference equation that describes
the situation where x0 is initial population in 2008. Then estimate the
population in the city and suburbs in the year 2010.
Assignment VIII Orthogonality and Least Squares
42 Find vectors u = (u1 u2) and v = (v1 v2) set < u v > = 4 u 1 v1 + 5 u2 v2
then show that t defines a inner product.
Let w = span {x1, x2 }
3 1
where x1 = 6 x2 = 2
0 2

Page No: 9 of 40
Construct an orthonormal basis for W
44 Find least square solution of the system Ax = V where

A= 4 0 2
0 2 B= 0
1 1 11
45 Find the maximum value of 9x1 + 5x2 + 3x32 subject to the
2 2
constraints XTX = 1 and XTU1 = o where U1 = (1 0 0 ).

46 Apply Grahm Schimidit process to the vectors {(1, 0 1 ), (1 0 -1)(0, 3,
4)} to obtain an orthogonal basis of IR 3 with the standard inner
product.
Prepared By, Approved

By

Page No: 10 of 40
12MDE12: FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
Teaching Faculty:
S. F. Patil
Asst. Prof. and P.G. Coordinator
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Chandrupatla T. R., "Finite Elements in engineering" - 2nd Edition, PHI, 2007.
2. Lakshminarayana H. V., "Finite .Elements Analysis" - Procedures in Engineering,
Universities Press. 2004
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Rao S. S. "Finite Elements Method in Engineering" - 4th Edition, Elsevier, 2006
2. P.Seshu, "Textbook of Finite Element Analysis" -PHL 2004
3. J.N.Reddy, "Finite Element Method" - McGraw -Hill International Edition. Bathe
K.J. Finite Element Procedures PHI.
4. Cook R. D. Concepts and Application of Finite Elements Analysis" 4th Edition
Wiley & Sons. 2003
Subject Title : FINITE ELEMENT METHODS

Subject Code : 12MDE12
Teaching Hours : 04 Hours per week
Total Hours : 52
I.A. Marks : 50
Exam Hours : 03
Exam Marks : 100
Subject Objectives:
1. FEM introduces an approximate method of solution for the field problems.
2. Formulations through direct method, variational principle and weighted
residual methods are covered
3. Derivations of shape functions, formulations of stiffness matrices, load
vector are covered for 1-D,2-D , 3-D and axisymmetric problems.
4. FEM technique is applied to field problems in heat transfer and fluid flow.
5. The concepts of mass matrix and determination of eigen values in dynamic
analysis are introduced

Page No: 11 of 40
COURSE CALANDER
Cumulativ
e
Percenta
percentag
Lecture Topics Break Down ge of
e of
Portion
portion
covered
Unit I: Introduction to Finite Element Method
Provides the brief history of FEM and mathematical preliminaries of FEM used to solve the field
problems.
Engineering analysis, History, Advantages, Classification, Basic
1
steps.
2 Convergence criteria.
Role of finite element analysis in computer-aided design,
3
Mathematical preliminaries
4 Differential equations formulations
5 Variational formulations
6 weighted residual methods 12 12
At the end of the chapter the students are able to:
1. State the steps involved in FEM
2. Define convergence criterion
3. To formulate the governing equations of physical problems by using variational methods
4. To write the weighted integral and weak formulation of differential equations
Unit 2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses
The design of one dimensional elements and their applications to solid mechanics problems has been
presented. A step by step procedure for finite element modeling and analysis of bars and trusses has
been given.
7 Basic equations and potential energy functional
1-D Bar element, Admissible displacement function, Strain
8
matrix, Stress recovery,
9 Element equations, Stiffness matrix
10 Consistent nodal force vector: Body force
11 Initial strain, Assembly procedure
12 Boundary and constraint conditions
13 Single point constraint, Multi-point constraint
14 2-D Bar Element, Shape functions for higher order elements 15 27
1. Derive the shape functions ,element stiffness matrix ,body force vector and traction force vector of
one dimensional bar element
2. To explain the elimination approach and penalty approach for handling specified displacement
boundary conditions
3. Solve the numericals of one dimensional bars and two dimensional trusses
Unit 3: Two-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Plane Elasticity Problems
Two-Dimensional continuum elements, both triangular and quadrilateral in shape with increasing
orders (linear, quadratic and cubic) has been presented.
15-17 Three-Noded Triangular Element (TRIA 3),
18-19 Four-Noded Quadrilateral Element (QUAD 4),
20-21 Shape functions for higher order elements (TRIA 6, QUAD 8) 13 40
1. Derive the shape functions of CST and LST element
2. Write the shape functions of QUAD4 using Lagrangian polynomials
3. Write the shape functions of serendipity family of elements(QUAD8)
Unit 4: Axi-symmetric Solid Elements-Analysis of Bodies of Revolution under axi-symmetric
K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri
Page No: 12 of 40
loading
A library of axisymmetric ring type elements of different shapes viz. triangular and quadrilateral are
discussed.
22-23 Axisymmetric triangular
24-25 Quadrilateral ring elements.
26-27 Shape functions for higher order elements 12 52
1. Derive the strain displacement matrix of axisymmetric triangular element
2. To derive the Jacobian matrix of four noded quadrilateral ring element
Unit 5: Three-Dimensional Elements-Applications to Solid Mechanics Problems
Three dimensional elements are useful in the solution of heat transfer, fluid flow and continuum
mechanics problems. A family of three-dimensional elements of different shapes (tetrahedral and
hexahedra) are described.
28 Basic Equations and Potential Energy Functional,
29 Four-Noded Tetrahedral Element (TET 4),
30 Eight-Noded Hexahedral Element (HEXA 8),
31 Tetrahedral elements,
32 Hexahedral elements: Serendipity family,
33 Hexahedral elements: Lagrange family.
34-35 Shape functions for Higher Order Elements 15 65
1. State the principle of minimum potential energy
2. Derive the shape functions of tetrahedral and hexahedral elements
Unit 6: Beam Elements-Analysis of Beams and Frames
Finite elements for modeling and analysis of structural mechanics problems, namely, beams is
presented.
36 I-D Beam Element.
37-38 2-D Beam Element,
39-40 Problems. 10 77
1. Derive the shape functions and element stiffness matrix of beam element
2. Solve the numerical on beams
Unit 7: Heat Transfer I Fluid Flow
Finite element formulation for the solution of steady state heat transfer problems. And flow of an
incompressible, non viscous fluid around a cylinder are discussed
Steady state heat transfer, I D heat - conduction governing
41
equation, boundary conditions,
One dimensional element, Functional approach for heat
42
conduction,
Galerkin approach for heat conduction, Heat flux boundary
43
condition,
44 1 D heat transfer in thin fins.
Basic differential equation for fluid flow in pipes, around solid
45
bodies,
46 Porous media. 12 89

Page No: 13 of 40

1. Derive the heat conduction equation by Galerkins approach and solve the numerical
2. Determine the temperature distribution in thin films by Galerkins approach
Unit 8: Dynamic Considerations
Finite element analysis of undamped free vibrations of structures. The undamped free vibration model
of a structure gives significant information about its dynamic behavior.
47 Formulation for point mass and distributed masses,
Consistent element mass matrix of one dimensional bar
48-49 element, truss element, axisymmetric triangular element,
quadriatateral element, beam element.
Lumped mass matrix, Evaluation of eigen values and eigen
50-51
vectors
52 , Applications to bars, stepped bars, and beams. 11 100
1. Derive the element mass matrices of one dimensional bar element, truss and CST element
2. Solve exercises to evaluate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of bars and beams
Subject Learning Outcomes:

On completion of the course students should be able to,
1. To create mathematical models and computational algorithms supporting FEM
2. To draw the library of finite elements, analyse FEM procedures and to solve
the problems which includes variational and weighted residual formulation.
3. To handle heat transfer, fluid flow, solid and structural mechanics problems.
4. The course provides clear picture of FEM as a numerical method for
engineering analysis.
Subject Learning Mechanical Engineering program is Educational

Objectives (SLO) expected to result in the following objectives
student learning outcomes
a b c d e f g h i j k 1 2 3 4 5
To create mathematical
models and computational
algorithms supporting FEM
To draw the library of finite
elements, analyse FEM
procedures and to solve the
problems which includes
variational and weighted
residual formulation
To handle heat transfer, fluid
flow, solid and structural
mechanics problems
The course provides clear
picture of FEM as a numerical
method for engineering
analysis

Page No: 14 of 40
Educational objectives
MOB 1: Imbibed the fundamental technical knowledge and skills in mathematics, science
and engineering to meet regional, national and global needs.
MOB 2: Able to think critically, formulate problems, analyze and interpret their solutions
with regard to mechanical engineering solutions.
MOB 3: Developed with the necessary instructions and practical experience to work with
other professionals and public to ensure successful completion of projects.
MOB 4: Acquired with the importance of lifelong learning which may include advances in
their career and higher studies which will contribute to the society.
MOB 5: Able to communicate and work effectively and ethically with the professional groups
and public.
Mechanical Engineering program is expected to result in the following
student learning outcomes :
MOC a) To have an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering.
MOC b) To have an ability to master the knowledge, technique, skills and modern tools of
mechanical systems hardware and software.
MOC c) To have an ability to function with multidisciplinary teams.
MOC d)To have an ability to design and conduct experiments and also to analyze and
interpret the data and results.
MOC e) To have an ability to design and demonstrate mechanical systems or thermal
systems or a process that needs desired specifications and requirements.
MOC f) To have an ability to engage in lifelong learning.
MOC g) To have an ability to pursue advanced degrees in engineering, business or other
professional fields.
MOC h) To have an ability to develop a commitment to quality, punctuality and continuous
improvement.
MOC i) To have an ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering problems.
MOC j) To have an ability to use the techniques and skills and modern engineering tools
necessary for engineering practice.
MOC k) To have an ability to communicate effectively, understand professional and ethical
responsibility.
Prepared By Approved By
S. F. Patil
Asst. Prof., & P. G. Coordinator

Page No: 15 of 40
EXERCISES
ASSIGNMENT I
1 What are the advantages of Finite Element Method.
2 What are the basic steps involved in FEM
3 Explain convergence and copatability requirements
4 What is geometric isotropy that has to be satisfied by a polynomial shape
function
5 Explain simplex,complex and multiplex elements
6 Give the library of elements used in FEM
ASSIGNMENT II
7 Derive the shape functions and strain displacement matrix of 3-noded bar
element
8 Derive the element stiffness matrix of 1-D bar element
9 Derive the element stiffness matrix of plane truss element in global coordinates
1 Explain single point and multipoint constraints
0
1 Explain elimination and penalty approach used to handle the boundary
1 conditions
1 Solve the simultaneous equations by Gaussian elimination approach
2 x1 2 x 2 6 x3 0
2 x1 2 x 2 3x3 3
x1 3x 2 2
1 Derive an expression for the work potential(Body force and traction force) of 1-
3 D bar element
1 P=80x103 N is applied as shown in figure below,determine the displacement
4 field,stress and support reactions in the body.E=200x103MPa A=250mm2
1 Determine the nodal displacements, stress in each element and support

5 reactions for the truss. E=200GPa

Page No: 16 of 40
ASSIGNMENT-III
1 Find the shape functions and strain displacement matrix of CST element
6
1 Find the shape functions of LST element
7
1 Derive the shape functions of 9-noded rectangular element using Lagrangian
8 polynomials
1 Find the shape functions of 8-noded rectangular element
9
ASSIGNMENT-IV
2 20.What are isoparametric,subparametric and superparametric elements?
0 SFMension some applications of these elements
2 21.Derive the Jacobian matrix of 4-noded quadrilateral ring element.
1
3
2 dx
2
22.Evaluate, I
1
x
using 1-point,2-point and 3-point Guass quadrature
ASSIGNMENT-V
2 Using matrix notation, develop an expression for the potential energy functional
3 for a three dimensional elastic continuum
2 Find the shape functions of eight noded hexahedral element(HEXA 8)
4
2 Explain the principle of minimum potential energy
5
2 Derive the Euler-Lagrange equation which gives the governing differential
6 equation of a given problem
Find the max deflection of a cantilever beam with concentrated load P at the
free end using Rayleigh-Ritz method
2
7
Find the deflection of the beam shown in the figure below by Rayleigh-Ritz
method. Use trigonometric displacement function
2
8
ASSIGNMENT-VI
2 Derive the element stiffness matrix of beam element
9
3 Analyse the beam shown in figure by FEM and determine the end reactions and
0 deflections at mid spans. Given E=2x105MPa,I=5x106 mm4

Page No: 17 of 40
For the beam shown in figure determine, i.deflection under the load.ii.S.F and
B.M at midspan. iii.reactions at supports. E=2x105MPa , I=24x106 mm4
3
1
Analyse the beam shown in figure by FEM and determine the end reactions and
deflections at mid spans.Given E=2x105MPa,I=5x106 mm4
3
2
ASSIGNMENT-VII
3 Explain Galerkins approach for one dimensional heat conduction.
3
3 A composite wall consists of three materials as shown in figure. The outer
4 temperature is To=20o C. Convection heat transfer takes place on the inner
surface of the wall with T=800o C and h=25W/m2 oC.Determine the
temperature distribution in the wall.

Page No: 18 of 40
=20 W/m oC k2=30 W/m oC k3=50 W/m oC

3 Explain 1-D heat transfer in thin fins
5
3 A metallic fin,with thermal conductivity k=360 W/m oC ,0.1cm thick,and 10cm
6 long,extends from a plane wall whose temperature is 235 oC .Determine the
temperature distribution and the amount of heat transferred from fin to air at
20 oC with h=9 W/m2 oC Take the width of fin to be 1m.

Page No: 19 of 40
ASSIGNMENT-VIII
3 Derive the element mass matrix of 1-D bar element
7
Determine the eigenvalues and eigenvectors for the stepped bar for the figure
shown
3
8
3 Write a note on lumped and consistant mass matrices

9
4 Derive an expression for element mass matrix.
0

Page No: 20 of 40
12MDE13: THEORY OF ELASTICITY

Teaching Faculty :
Dr. B.S.MANJUNATH
Asst. Professor
Text Books:
1. Wang C.T. "Applied Elasticity ", MacGraw Hill book company.
2. Timoshenko and Goodier, "Theory of Elasticity ",'McGraw Hill Book
Company.
Reference Books:
1. T.G.Sitharam "Applied Elasticity" Interline publishing.
2. L S Srinath "Advanced Mechanics of Solids ", tata Mcgraw Hill Company.
3. Sadhu Singh ," Theory of Elasticity", Khanna publisher
4. Phillips, Durelli and Tsao, Analysis of Stress and Strain ", McGraw Hill Book.
Course Title : Theory of Elasticity

Hrs / Week : 04 Hours
Total Hours : 52
I.A. Marks : 50
Exam Hours : 03
Exam Marks : 100
Course Objectives:
1. To study the fundamental concepts of theory of elasticity which has been widely
used at various stages by engineers in the courses like strength of materials, flied
mechanics and materials engineering.
2. To study the origin of differential equations as most of the engineering problems
are solutions of these equations.
3. Attention has been given to present the derivations of various fundamental
equations in an extensive manner.

Page No: 21 of 40
LESSON PLAN
12MDE13: THEORY OF ELASTICITY
Cumulativ
e
Percenta
percentag
e of
Portion
portion
covered
Chapter 1: Introduction
To get clear picture of stresses and its components on any plane
1 Definition and notation for force and stress.
2 Specification of stress at a point
3 Equations of equilibrium
4 Principle stresses
5 Mohrs diagram in 3D
6 Stress component on arbitrary plane
7 Stress invarients
8 Octrahedral stresses 15 15
Chapter 2: Introduction To Strains
To get clear picture of strains and its components on any plane
9 Strain components, Strain displacement relations
10 State of strain at apoint
11 Principle strain
12 Compatibility Equations
13 Cubical dilatations 12 27
Chapter 3: Stress Strain Relations and the General Equations of Elasticity
To get clear picture of transformation
14 Generalised Hooks law
15 Formulation of elasticity problems
16 Saint-Venants principle
17 Principle of superposition and Reciprocal theorm 12 39
Chapter 4: Two Dimentional Problems in Cartesian Co-Ordinates
To learn clear idea of stress function
18 Airys stress function
19 Investigation for simple beam problem
20 Bending of narrow cantilver beam under end load
21 Simply supported beam with uniform load
22 Fourier series to solve 2D problems 11 50
Chapter5: Two Dimentional Problems In Polar Co-Ordinates
To learn more about stress strain components in polar co-ordinates
23 General equations
24 Stress distribution symmetrical about an axis
25 Pure bending of curved bar
26 Strain components in polar co-ordinates
27 Rotating disc and cylinder
28 Concentrated force on semi-infinite plate
Stress concentration around a circular hole in an
29
infinite plate 15 65

Page No: 22 of 40
Chapter 6: Thermal Stresses

To study in detail thermal stresses
30-31 Thermo-elastic stress-strain relations
32 Continued
33 Continued
34 Thin circular disc
35 Continued
36 Continued
37 Long circular cylinder 12 77
Chapter 7: Torsion Of Prismatic Bars
To study about torsion of prismatic bars
38 Torsion of circular cross section bars
39 Continued
40 Continued
41 Torsion of elliptical section bars
42 Soap film analogy
43 Membrane analogy
44 Torsion of thin walled open and closed tubes 12 89
Chapter 8: Elastic Stability
To learn about elastic stability
45 Axial compression of prismatic bars
46 Continued
47 Continued
48 Elastic stability
49 Continued
50 Continued
Buckling load for column with constant cross
51
section
52 Continued 11 100
Course Outcomes:
1. At the end of the course, students learn exact meaning of tensors and how tensors are
different from vectors.
2. The different transformation of stresses and strains to different axes is made clear
3. The significance of stress function approach is learnt.
4. This course becomes stepping stone for FEM which gives better prospects for students to
have theoretical and practical knowledge which makes way for job market.

Page No: 23 of 40
EXERCISES
12 MDE 13: THEORY OF ELASTICITY
Assignment No.1
1 What are the body forces and surfaces forces
2 Define normal stress, shear stress and corresponding strain
What are the direction cosine of a stress in three mutually perpendicular
3
planes.
4 What are none Cartesian stress components
5 Define state of stress at a point.
6 Derive the equations of equilibrium in terms of body forces X, Y, Z.
7 Prove that stress and mutually perpendicular plane are equal.
Assignment No.2
8 What are direction cosine relations.
Derive the stress trans formation from one co-ordinate system to another
9
co-ordinate oriented by an angle.
10 Obtain equations for principal stress and planes & their direction cosines.
11 Define invariants of stress
12 How the decomposition of state of stress is done. Explain.
The state of stress at a point is given by
200 100 0

Sij 100 0 0
13
0 0 500
Determine the principal stresses and the direction cosines for the longest
principal stress
Given the following field S x = 80x3 + y, Sy = 100(x3 + 10), Sz = 10 (9y2 +
10 z3)
14
Cxy = 100 (1+y2); Cyz = 0; Czx = X (z3 +100xy). Find the expression for the
body force distribution. What are the body forces at point (1,1,5).
If the state of stress at a point is given as follows, Determine the
15 expression for Cxy in order that the stress distribution is in equilibrium
in the absence of body forces .
The state of stress at a point is given by S x = -800 Kpa , S y= 1200Kpa,
sz=-400Kpa. Determine 1) The stresses on a plane whose normal has
16
direction cosines 11= ,&12 = , 2) The normal & shearing stresses on
that plane.
If the stress components at a point with reference to x.y.z. co-ordinate
system axes are sx=0, sy=500, sz=600, C xy=200, Cyz=0, &Czx=300.
17
Determine the stress components in x. y, z.co-ordinate system which is
obtained by rotating xyz about x axis by 300 C.
Assignment No.3
18 Obtain equations for strain in terms or displacements.
19 Equations of strain transformations.
20 Derive principal strain equations.
21 Derive the compatibility equations in terms of strains & displacements.
22 What is volume dilation;

Page No: 24 of 40
If the displacement field in a body is specified as u x =(x2 + 3)* 10-3; uy =3y2

23 z*10-3; uz =(x + 32)* 10-3; Determine the strain components at a point
whose co-ordinates are (1.2.3.)
The strain components at a point are I x =3* 10-3; uy =1* 10-3; uz =2* 10-3; gxy
24 =5* 10-3; gyz =0. gzx =8* 10-3; Determine 1) Strain invariants 2) Principal
strains 3) Maximum shear strains.
For a steel following data is applicable E=207Gpa, G=80Gpa for the given
strain matrix at a point, determine the stress matrix
0.001 0 0.002
Iij 0 0.003 0.0003
25
0.002 0.0003 0
Assignment No.4
Write equilibrium equations in the cylindrical co-ordinates. Reduce them
for an axis symmetric problem and then obtain the expression for the
26
stresses in a thick cylinder subjected to an internal and external pressure,
treating it as a plane stress problem.
27 Define the plane stress and plain strain.
28 What is the Laplace bihavmanic operator and derive the equation.
Derive the bending stress equations for a cantilever beam of length L
29
subjected to a end load P in terms of stress functions.
30 What is shrink fit pressure.
Assignment No.5
31 Obtain the stresses in rotating disks of cylinders.
A steel shaft of 100 mm diameters is shrank inside a bronze cylinder 250
outside diameter. The shrink allowance is 1 part per 1000.Find the
32 tangential stress in the bronze at the inside and outside radii and the
stress in the shaft. Steel. E steel=2.18 103 N/mm2, Ebronze- 1.09*103 N/mm2
and g=0.3 for both materials.
A flat steel disk of 750mm outside diameter with a 150 mm diameter hole
is shrank a solid steel shaft. The shrink fit allowance is 1 part in 1000.
33
E=2.18*105 Mpa 1) what is the stresses due to shrink fit 2) At what rpm
will the shrink fit loosen up as a result of rotation.
34 Derive the equation of tension of rectangular section.
35 What is soap film Analogy
Assignment No.6
How the Soap film analogy used for fusion of hollow thin cross section
36
bars.
List out the various equations for shear stress and angle of twist per unit
37
length for various cross sections.
38
Using torsion stress function conditions derive shear stress equations for a
39
solid elliptical cross section.
Derive the shear stress equations for a solid circular section using a
40
torsion stress function.
41 Explain how soap films are constructed around a hollow C/s of any

Page No: 25 of 40
irregular C/s.
A hollow steel tube of rectangular cross section whose diameter are shown
in fig. Below in which a1 is the area of the left compartment and a 2 is the
area of right compartment. The tube is subjected to a twisting moment T=
20KN.m find the max shearing stress.
42
A hollow steel has two compartments as shown in fig. Below in which a 1 is

the area of the left compartment and a2 is the area compartment. The
tube is subjected to a twisting moment T=20KN.m find the max shearing
stress
43
Analyse the torsion of a closed tubular section and torsion of a tube of

44
same radius and thickness but with a longitudinal slit.
Assignment No.7
The tubular sections shown in fig. Below have the same wall thickness and
same circumference neglecting stress conditions. Find the ratio of shear
45
stresses for 1) Equal twisting moments in two cases. 2) Equal angles of
twist in two cases.
A thin walled box section of dimension 2* a*t is to be compared with a
46 solid section of diameter a. Find the thickness so that the two sections
have 1) The same max stress for same torque 2) The same stiffness.
47 Write note on torsion of angle channels.
Assignment No.8
48 Write note on St. Venants principal
49 Explain uniqueness solution
50 Explain principal of superposition.

Page No: 26 of 40
12MDE14: EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS
Teaching Faculty:
R. G. Lingannavar
Asst Professor
Text Books:
1. Dally and Raley, Experimental Stress Analysis ,McGraw Hill,1991
2. Sadhu singh, Experimental Stress Analysis, Khanna publishers
Reference Books:
1. Srinath,Lingaih, Raghavan, Gargesa, Ramachandra and Pant.,
Experimental Stress Analysis,Tata McGrawHill
2. M.M.Frocht, Photoelasticity Vol I and II, John Wiley and
sons
Course Title : EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS

Hrs. / Week : 04
Total Hours : 52
I. A. Marks : 50
Exam Hours : 03
Exam Marks : 100
Course Objectives:
1. Introduction of entire range of experimental methods and the theory necessary to
understand the measurement of stress and strain is covered.
2. The four primary methods used for strain measurement viz. strain gages, photo
elasticity, brittle coatings and moir methods are presented in detail.
3. The theory and construction of holography is covered.

Page No: 27 of 40
COURSE CALANDER
12MED14 : EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS
Cumulativ
e
Percenta
Lectur percentag
Topics Break Down ge of
e e of
Portion
portion
covered
Unit 1: Electrical Resistance Strain Gages:
Electrical Resistance Strain Gages are widely used as sensors in transducers. Application of
Wheatstone bridge, potentiometer and constant currant circuits in strain measurement are
discussed.
1 Strain sensitivity of gage metals,
2 Gage construction, gage sensitivity and gage factor,
3 Performance characteristics,
4 Environmental effects strain, gage circuits, Potentiometer,
5 Wheat Stone's bridges,
6 Constant current circuits. 12 12
Unit 2: Strain Analysis Methods :
The procedure of determining the state of stress at a point and the directions of principal strains
7-8 Two element and three element rectangular and delta rosettes,
9 Correction for transverse strains effects,
10-11 Stress gage - plane shear gage,
12 Stress intensity factor gage. 12 24
Unit 3: Photoelasticity :
The working of optical instrument polariscope and the measurement of principal stresses both in
magnitude and direction by using plane and circular polariscopes is discussed.
13 Nature of light - wave theory of light - optical interference
14 Polariscopes,stress optic law
15 Effect of stressed model in plane and circular polariscopes
16-17 Isoclinics ,Isochromatics, fringe order determination
Fringe multiplication techniques - calibration photoelastic
18-20
model materials, 15 39
Unit 4: Two Dimensional Photoelasticity Stress Analysis :
The individual values of the principal stresses(magnitudes) are calculated by using separation
methods.
21-22 Separation methods shear difference method,
23-24 Analytical separation methods,
25-26 Model to prototype scaling. 12 51
Unit 5: Three Dimensional Photoelasticity :
Most of the practical applications are 3-D in nature. The interior stress information is obtained by
frozen-stress method.
27 Stress freezing method, general slice,effective stresses,
28 Stress separation, shear deference method,
29 Obligue incidence method secondary principal stresses,
30 Scattered light photoelasticity,
31-32 Scattered light polariscope and stress data Analyses. 12 63

Page No: 28 of 40
Unit 6: Coating Methods:

The coating applied on the prototype give the whole field date. By knowing the stresses in the
coating specimen stresses are evaluated.
a) Photoelastic Coating Method: Birefringent coating
33-35 techniques sensitivity, reinforcing and thickness
effects - data reduction
36 Stress separation techniques,photoelastic strain gauges
b) Brittle Coatings Method: Brittle coating technique, principles
37-39
data analysis
40 Coating materials, coating techniques. 15 78
Unit 7: Moire Technique:
Presents a complete analysis of the geometry of moir fringes in strain analysis.
41 Geometrical approach,
Displacement approach- sensitivity of Moire data data
42-43
reduction,
44 In plane and out plane Moire methods,
45 Moire photography,
46 Moire grid production. 11 89
Unit 8: Holography:
Reconstruction, recording and applications of hologram are presented.
Introduction, equation for plane waves and spherical waves
47
Intensity,
48 Coherence, spherical radiator as an object (record process),
49 Herter and Derrifield curves, reconstruction process,
50 Holograpic interferomerty,
Realtime and double exposure methods, displacement
51
measurement,
52 Isopachics. 11 100
Out comes:
The student who completes the experimental stress analysis course will be thorough with,
1. Electrical resistance strain gages used as sensors in transducers designed to
measure load, torque, pressure and acceleration.
2. Application of photoelasticity in stress measurement as the stresses obtained in a
plastic model are identical to those in a metal prototype.
3. Application of coating methods and whole field response of the coating for strain.

Page No: 29 of 40
EXERCISES
12MED14: EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS
Assignment I
1 Derive an expression for the gauge factor of an electric resistance strain gauge
2 Explain different gauge mounting techniques
3 What are the desirable properties of gauge materials.
4 Derive the governing equation of potentiometer for strain measurement.
5 Explain the Wheatstone bridge sensitivity.
6 Give the classification of null balance Wheatstone bridges.
Assignment II
7 With neat figures explain 3-element, 4-element rectangular and delta rosettes.
8 The following readings of strain were obtained on a rectangular strain rosette
mounted on aluminium for which E = 70GPa =0.32 Ea = 285 X 10-6 Eb = 65 X
10-6 Ec = 102 X 10-6 Determine the principal strains, stresses and directions
9 The following readings of apparent strains were obtained on a delta rosette
mounted on steel for which E = 200GPa =0.32
Qa=385 X 10-6 Qb = 75 X 10-6 Qc = 105 X 10-6 .The transverse sensitivity is 0.07
Determine the principal strains, stresses and directions
Assignment III
1 Derive an expression for stress optic law
0
1 Derive an expression for effect of stressed model in a plane polariscope
1
1 Derive an expression for effect of stressed model in a circular polariscope.
2
1 Explain fringe multiplication and fringe sharpening
3
1 Explain Tardy's and Babinet Solail method of compensation.
4
1 Explain calibration of photoelastic model materials.
5
1 List the disirable properties of photoelastic model material.
6
Assignment IV
1 Explain stress separation by oblique incidence method in 2-D photoelasticity.
7
1 Explain the stress separation by shear difference method
8
1 Write a note on electric analogy method on stress separation.
9
2 How the stresses are scaled from model to prototype.
0
ASSIGNMENT V
2 Explain the stress freezing method in 3-D photoelasticity.
1
2 Explain the phenomenon of scattered light
2
2 Explain scattered light as an interior polarizer and analyzer.
3
2 Explain with a neat sketch scatted light Polariscope
4
Assignment VI

Page No: 30 of 40
2 Derive an expression for coating stresses in birefringent coatings.

5
2 Derive an expression for reinforcing effects of coating thickness.
6
2 Explain Poisson's ratio mismatch in birefringent coatings.
7
2 Explain stress separation by oblique incidence and strip coatings in birefringent
8 coatings.
2 With a neat sketch explain crack patterns in brittle coatings.
9
3 Explain the crack detection methods in brittle coating.
0
3 Explain types of brittle coatings.
1

Page No: 31 of 40
Assignment VII
3 Explain the formation of moire fringes
2
3 Explain the geometrical approach to moire - fringe analysis.
3
3 Explain the displacement field approach to moire fringe analysis.
4
3 Discuss the experimental procedure and technique of moire fringe.
5
3 Explain moire-fringe sharpening and multiplication
6
Assignment VIII
3 Explain coherence
7
3
Explain the reconstruction and recording of holography.
8
3
Explain real time holography.
9
4
Explain double exposure holography.
0

Page No: 32 of 40
12MDE151: COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Teaching Faculty:
Dr. S. C. PILLI
Professor and Principal,
Text Books:
1. Ibraham Zeid, "CAD/CAM-Theory and Practice" McGraw Hill, 2006
2. Rogoer's Adams, "Mathematical Elements for Computer Graphics", McGraw
Hill. 1990
Reference Books:
1. Xiang Z, Plastock, R. A, Computer Graphics, Schaums outlines, McGraw
Hill. 2007.
2. Foley, Van- Damn, Finner and Hughes, "Computer Graphics Principles and
Practice, Addison Wesley, 2000.
3. Sinha AN., Udai A D. Computer Graphics, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.
Course Title : Computer Graphics

Hrs / Week : 04 Hours
Total Hours : 52
I.A. Marks : 50
Exam Hours : 03
Exam Marks : 100
Course Objectives:
1. Visualization is a powerful tool to convey the ideas and design is
communicated using sketches and drawings.
2. To provide the basis and analytical schemes of representation of the drawings
in terms of entities and their inter relationships.
3. The tools that help to make more realistic drawings, by removal of
hidden line, surface and rendering them are introduced.
4. The data exchange formats and animation schemes are also introduced.
5. However, it is to be noted that no efforts are made in the class for
implementing these algorithms.
6. Students are encouraged to write code either in C, C++ or MAT Lab to
experience the visualization and manipulation of the representing schemes.

Page No: 33 of 40
LESSON PLAN
12 MDE 151: COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Cumulativ
e
Percenta
percentag
e of
Portion
portion
covered
CHAPTER 1: Types and Mathematical Representation of Curves
Provides the insight into representation of curves analytically in parametric and
nonparametric form. It also gives the foundation of synthetic curves and ways to
manipulate the synthetic curves.
Curve representation, Explicit, Implicit and
1 Parametric representation. Nonparametric and
parametric representation of Lines, circles
Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola, Conics Parametric
2
representation of synthetic curves
3 Hermite cubic splines
Bezier curves, blending functions, Properties,
4-5
Generation
B-spline curves. Cox-deBor recursive formula,
6-7 properties, open uniform basis functions, Non
uniform basis functions, Periodic B-spline curve 12 12
CHAPTER 2: Types and Mathematical Representation of Surfaces:
Provides the foundations of representing the analytic surfaces in parametric and
nonparametric form and representation of synthetic curves.
Surface entities- Plane, Ruled, surface of revolution,
8
Tabulated cylinder
Bezier surface, B-spline surface, Coons patch, Offset
9
surface
Surface representation, parametric representation of
10 analytic surface- plane, Ruled surface, Surface of
revolution, Tabulated cylinder
Parametric representation of synthetic surfaces
11
Hermite surface
12 Bezier surface
13 B-spline surface
14 Coons surface, Offset surface 14 26
CHAPTER 3: Types and Mathematical Representation of Solids:
Introduces the representation of solids, building up of solids from the lower entities.
Solid entities- block, Cylinder, cone, Sphere, wedge,
15
Tours
Solid representation, Fundamentals of solid
16
modeling, Set theory
Regularized set operations, Set membership
17
classification
18 Half spaces, Basic elements, Building operations
Boundary representation, Basic elements, Building
19
operations
20 Constructive solid geometry, Basic elements
21 Building operations, Sweep representation 14 40

Page No: 34 of 40
CHAPTER 4: Scan Conversion and Clipping:

Provides the means of representing the drawing entities on the display devices, clipping of
text and picture.
Drawing Algorithms: DDA algorithm, Bresenham's
22
integer line algorithm
23 Bresenham's circle algorithm
24 Polygon filling algorithms: scan conversion, Seed
filling
25 Scan line algorithm. Viewing transformation,
Clipping - points, lines, Text, Polygon
26 Cohen, Sutherland line clipping
27 Sutherland, Hodgeman algorithm 12 52
CHAPTER 5: Transformations :
Reviews the 2D transformations, and introduces 3D transformation. Transformation to
position, orient and carryout combined operations are covered. Also introduces the
concept of homogeneous transformations.
28 Representation of points, Transformations: Rotation,
Reflection, Scaling in 2D
29 Representation of points, Transformations: Rotation,
Reflection, Scaling in 3D
30 Combined Transformations, Translations and
Homogeneous coordinates.
31 A geometric Interpretation of homogeneous
coordinates, over all scaling, points at infinity
32 Rotation about an arbitrary point
33 Reflection through an arbitrary line 12 64
CHAPTER 6: Visual Realism-I:
The procedures to make the drawings more realistic by removing the invisible lines,
surfaces are introduced.
34 Introduction, hidden line removal, Visibility of object
views
35 Visibility techniques: minimax test, Containment
test, Surface test,
36 Silhouettes, Homogeneity test, Sorting
37 Coherence, Hidden line priority algorithm
38 Hidden surface removal- Z-buffer algorithm
,Warnock's algorithm
39 Hidden solid removal - ray tracing algorithm 12 76
CHAPTER 7: Visual Realism-II:
The procedures to make the drawings more realistic by shading and coloring are
introduced.
40 Shading, Shading models, Diffuse reflection,
specular reflection, Ambient light
41 Shading surfaces Constant shading, Gourmand
shading
42 Phong shading, Shading enhancements
43 Shading Solids, Ray tracing for CSG
44 Z- buffer algorithm for B-rep and CSG, octree
encoded objects
45 Colouring- RGB, CMY, HSV, HSL color models 12 88

Page No: 35 of 40
CHAPTER 8: Data Exchange / Computer Animation:

The data exchange formats and animations schemes are discussed.
46 Evolution of data exchange, IGES, PDES
47 Conventional animation-key frame, Inbetweening
48 Line testing, Painting, Filming, Computer animation,
Entertainment and engineering animation,
Animation system hardware, Software
49 Architecture
50 Animation types, Frame buffer, Color table
51 Zoom-pan-scroll, Cross bar, Real time play back
52 Animation techniques- key frame, Skelton. Path of
motion and p-curves 12 100
Course Outcomes:
The underlying concepts of computer graphics are assimilated through procedural element
viz.,
1. Representation of curves in analytical and synthetic forms and their
manipulation.
2. Representation of surface entities which are analytical and synthetic
including lofting.
3. Algebra of solid modeling using 1D, 2D and 3D entities.
4. Bresenhams algorithms and clipping.
5. Review of 2D transformation and multiple transformations in 3D.
6. Visual realism by removing hidden lines, surfaces and solids, shading and
color model.
7. Data exchange formats for the portability of drawing files and animation
schemes.

Page No: 36 of 40
EXERCISES
12 MDE151: COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Assignment I
Represent the following entities in nonparametric and parametric form
1
i) Line ii) Circle iii) Ellipse iv) Parabola v) Hyperbola
Generate an ellipse with semi major axis a=4 units and semi minor axis
2 b=1 inclined
at 60 to x-axis with center at (4,5)
3 State the properties of Bezier curve.
Given the vertices P0 = [0 0]T P1 = [2 3]T P0 = [4 3]T P0 = [4 1]T of a
4
Bezier polygon. Determine the seven points on the Bezier curve.
5 List the ways in which a B- spline curve can be manipulated.
Compute the blending functions Ni,2(t), i=1,2,3 given six control points.
6
Use open uniform knot vector.
Assignment II
What are plane. ruled. surface of revolution surfaces? How are they
7
generated? Write an expression representing each of these surfaces.
Consider a line segment with end points P1 = [1 1 0]T and P2 = P2 = [6 2
0]T.
8
Rotating the line about x-axis yields a conical surface. Determine the point
on the surface a t=0.5 and = 60.
Write down blending function of a Bezier surface. Indicate what each tenns
9
represent. What are the properties of a Bezier surfaces?
Write down blending function of a B-spline surface. Indicate what each
10 terms
represent. hat are the properties of a B-spline surfaces?
11 Determine the point on the bilinear surface at u = w = 0.5, defined by
P(0,0) = [0 0 1]T P(0,1) = [1 1 1]T P(1,0) = [1 0 01]T P(0,0) = [0 1 0]T
Bounding curves in a parametric curves are P(u,0), P(u,1), P(0,v), P(1,v) 0
12
u,v 1. Write the equation for lofting using Coons patch.
Assignment III
Three 2D solids are shown in Fig. 3.1. Find and sketch
13

i) A B C ii) A * B * C iii) A * B * C
14 Cheek the validity of the solid shown in Fig. 3.2
Sketch a balance CSG tree for the solid shown in Fig 3.3
15
What are half spaces? What are their merits and demerits? Give the
16 representation of
any five half spaces.

Page No: 37 of 40
Considering two partially over lapping rectangles explain the set

17 membership
classification against a line L.
18 Write a note on sweep. representation.
Assignment IV
Digitize a line from ( 10,12) to (15,15) on a raster screen using Bresenham's
19 integer
line algorithm.
Represent Bresenham's incremental circle algorithm in a flow
20
chart/algorithm.
21 Explain parity scan conversion algorithm to fill a polygon.
22 Explain the seed fill algorithm to fill the polygon.
23 Explain how a text string are clipped.
A rectangular \window is defined by Wxmin = -3 Wymin = 1 Wxman = 2 Wyman = 6
Clip the following lines using Cohen-Sutherlands algorithm. Indicate the
clipped lines in the window
24 Line 1: AB with A(-4,2) B(-1,7)
Line 2: EF with E(-2,3) F(I,2)
Line 3: IJ with I(-4,7) J(-2,10)
Line-4-: CD with C(-1,5) D(3,8)
Assignment V
Show that
a) Translation is commutative
25
b) Mirror is not commutative
c) Rotations are not commutative
Obtain the rotation matrix about an axis passing through the point (x 0,y0, z0)
26 and
(x1,y1, z1)
Show that a 20 reflection through x-axis followed by 2D reflection through
27
the line y = - x is equivalent to a pure rotation about the origin.
P1 (1 1), P1 (3 1), P1(4 2), P1(2 3) define a 2D polygon, develop a concocted
transformation that
i) Reflects about line x = 0
28
ii) Translate by -1 in x and y directions
iii) Rotate about origin by 180
Plot both the original and transformed polygons.
A pyramid defined by the coordinates A(0,0,0) B(1,0,0) C(0,1,0) D(0,0,1) is
29 rotated 45 about the line I, that has direction V = j + k and passes through
point C(0,1,0). Find the coordinates of the rotated figure.
30 Consider a cube with one corner removed with position vectors as given
below.
Reflect the cube through the plane containing triangle CDJ.
A B C D E F G H I J
2 3 3 2.5 2 2 3 3 2 3
1 1 1.5 2 2 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1.5

Page No: 38 of 40

Page No: 39 of 40
Assignment VI
31 What is visibility of object views? Explain.
Explain how mini-max test, containment test and surface test help in
32
visualization.
What is an silhouette? Explain how the silhouette edges of a polyhedron are
33
computed.
What is coherence? Name seven types of coherences that can identified in
34
both the object space and the image space.
35 With an example explain the priority algorithm for depth search
36 Write Note on Ray tracing algorithm to remove hidden solids.
Assignment VII
Write Note on
37 Diffuse reflection. Specular reflection, and Ambient light models
38 Constant shading
39 Phong shading
40 Shading enhancements
41 Z-ouffer algorithm for B-rep and CSG
42 RGB. CMY,HSV,HSL color models
Assignment VIII
Write Note on
43 Data exchange formats DXF, IGES, PDES
44 Hard configuration of animation systems
45 Software architecture of animation systems
46 Frame buffer animation
47 Cross bar animation
48 Key frame animation

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Department of Mechanical Engineering

1st Semester M. Tech. (Design Engineering), 2013-2014

12MDE11: APPLIED MATHEMATICS

Course Title : Applied Mathematics

1. Mathematical modeling and its role in engineering problem solving.

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiris

UNIT IV : Numerical Differentiation and Numerical Integration

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiris

At the end of the topic the students are able to:

1. Fundamental understanding of the importance of computers, the role of

eigen values and X X X X X X X

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiris

factorize the matrix.

(a) Graduates will demonstrate knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering.

(d) Graduates will demonstrate an ability to design a system, component or process

(g) Graduates will demonstrate knowledge of professional and ethical responsibilities.

(k) Graduate who can participate and succeed in competitive examinations.

Assignment 1 - Approximations and round off errors

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiris

3 The diferenatial equation governing the velocity of a falling

16 Find all the roots of the equation x 3 3x2 6x + 8 = 0 by Graeffes

18 Use Rombergs method to compute 1 dx/1 + x corrected to three

If I= 0 Cos x dx compute I (0, /4), I (0, /8), I (/4, /8).

Assignment 5 - System of Linear Algebraic Equations and Eigen Value

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiris

28 Solve the equations x 1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 5, 2x 1 + 8x2 + 22x3 =

30 The largest eigen value in the modulus of a square matrix A cannot

34 Find approximately the eigen values of the matrix

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiris

35 Determine the largest eigen value and corresponding eigen vector of

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiris

Construct an orthonormal basis for W

44 Find least square solution of the system Ax = V where

constraints XTX = 1 and XTU1 = o where U1 = (1 0 0 ).

Prepared By, Approved

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiris

12MDE12: FINITE ELEMENT METHODS

Subject Title : FINITE ELEMENT METHODS

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiris

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri

At the end of the chapter the students are able to:

Subject Learning Outcomes:

Subject Learning Mechanical Engineering program is Educational

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri

1 Determine the nodal displacements, stress in each element and support

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri

=20 W/m oC k2=30 W/m oC k3=50 W/m oC

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri

3 Write a note on lumped and consistant mass matrices

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri

12MDE13: THEORY OF ELASTICITY

Course Title : Theory of Elasticity

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri

Chapter 6: Thermal Stresses

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri

If the displacement field in a body is specified as u x =(x2 + 3)* 10-3; uy =3y2

K.L.E. Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri

A hollow steel has two compartments as shown in fig. Below in which a 1 is