CSEC Physics June 2013 Paper 2 Question 2

2 a (i) Specific Heat Capacity of an object is the heat energy required to raise the temperature of
unit mass (or 1 kg or 1 g) by one degree (or 1 K or 1 oC).

(ii) Table 3 below shows physical quantities, their symbols and their SI Units

Table 3

Quantity Symbol SI Unit

Heat Capacity C JK-1
Specific Latent heat of Fusion LF or lF Jkg-1

(iii) The formula for the General Gas Law (or Ideal Gas Equation) is

PV P V P2 V 2
=constant or 1 1 =
T T1 T2

Where:

P is the pressure of the gas

V is the volume occupied by the gas
T is the temperature of the gas in Kelvin (i.e. the Absolute or Thermodynamic
Temperature)

2 b (i) The heat energy (EH1) gained by the water to increase its temperature from 33 oC to 100 oC
is calculated from:

E H 1 =mc

Where:

Mass of water (m) = 8 kg

Specific Heat Capacity of water (c) = 4200 Jkg-1K-1
Change of temperature of water ( ) = (100 33) = 67 oC or K

EH1 = (8 kg) (4200 Jkg-1K-1) (67 k) = 2 251 200 J

(ii) The heat energy (EH2) gained by the water to change from water to steam at 100 oC is
calculated from:

E H 2 =m Lv

Where:

Mass of water (m) = 8 kg

Specific Latent heat of Vaporization of water (LV) = 2 300 000 Jkg-1

EH2 = (8 kg) (2 300 000 Jkg-1) = 18 400 000 J

(iii) The total heat energy gained by the water to go from water at 33 oC to steam at 100 oC is
calculated from:

E H =E H + E H 2

E H =2 251200+18 100 000

E H =20 651200 J

To convert quantity in J to MJ, divide by 106 (or 1 000 000)

E H =20. 651200 MJ=20.7 MJ (to 3 s.f)

CSEC Physics June 2013 Paper 2 Question 3

3 a (i) Snells Law states:

For light passing from one transparent medium to another, the sine of the angle of incidence (in
the first medium) to the sine of the angle of refraction (in the second medium) is a constant (n)

sin i^
=constant (n)
sin r^

(NB: if one medium is a vacuum (no air), the constant is the refractive index of the other
medium)

(ii) Figure 1 below shows a converging lens and its features:

(ii) Figure 2 below shows the path of a ray which is incident at 90o to the hypotenuse of a right-
angled triangle glass prism:
 (I)

At D, ray is incident along the Normal, angle of incidence = 0

sin i^
=constant ( n ) , i^ =0, therefore r^ =0
sin r^

Ray is therefore UNDEVIATED

(II)
^
At E, ray is incident on the glass-air boundary at i=45
The critical angle (c) for the glass-air boundary = 42o
^ c
i>
, therefore Total Internal Reflection occurs at E
^
The ray reflects through an angle of reflection r^ = 45o, since angle of incidence i =

angle of refraction r^
The ray bends through 90o

(III)

At F, Total Internal Reflection occurs and the ray again bends through 90o

(IV)

At G, the ray is undeviated along the normal

(ii) The ray turns through 90o + 90o = 180o on emerging.
CSEC Physics June 2013 Paper 2 Question 4

4 a (i) The Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum states:

Providing no external resultant forces act on colliding bodies, the total momentum before
collision = total momentum after collision.

Situation which demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum:

(I) 2 cars moving toward each other collide and rebound at different speeds
Total momentum of 2 cars before collision = Total momentum after

(II) A moving billiard ball strikes a stationary one and both move after collision
Total momentum of 2 balls before collision = Total momentum after

(III) Newtons Cradle: A moving ball hits a stationary ball of the same mass (in a direct
collision). The moving ball stops and the stationary ball moves.
Total momentum of 2 balls before collision = Total momentum after

(IV) Gun and Bullet: Initially, both gun and bullet are stationary. When the trigger is
pulled, bullet moves forward and gun recoils backward.
Total momentum of gun & bullet before collision = Total momentum after = 0

You are required to give one situation

b (i) Calculate the initial momentum of the truck heading North (PT) from the formula:

pT =mT v T

Where:

mT
Mass of truck ( ) = 1250 kg
vT
Velocity of truck ( ) = + 25 ms-1

pT
= (1250 kg) (+ 25 ms-1) = + 31 250 kgms-1 or Ns

(ii) Calculate the initial momentum of the car heading South (pc) from the formula:

pC =mC v C

Where:
 mC
Mass of car ( ) = 625 kg
vC
Velocity of car ( ) = 30 ms-1

pC
= (625 kg) ( 30 ms-1) = 18 750 kgms-1 or Ns

Note: Velocity (v) is a VECTOR QUANTITY, which has both magnitude (speed) and direction.

The magnitude of the velocity of the truck and car are speeds of 25 ms-1 and 30 ms-1 respectively.

The direction of the velocity of the truck and the car are North and South respectively.

The direction North is give a positive (+) sign, so the direction South is given a negative (-) sign.

(iii) Upon collision, the truck and car stick together and the wreck formed moves as one, with a
mw =mT + mC
velocity (vw) and mass (mw), where = (1250 + 625) kg = 1875 kg.

Calculate Total momentum of wreck after collision (pw) from

pw =mw v w

Calculate the speed and direction of the wreck after collision (vw) using the law of conservation
of linear momentum:

Total momentum of truck & car before collision = Total momentum of wreck after collision

pT + pc = p w

vw
31 250 + (- 18750) = (1875)

vw
12 500 = (1875)

v w = + 6.67 ms-1

Speed is 6.67 ms-1 and the direction is North ( positive (+) sign).
CSEC Physics June 2013 Paper 2 Question 5

5 (a) Experiment to determine the Resistance (R) of a metallic conductor.

NOTE: The ammeter is in series with the metallic conductor (R) and the voltmeter is in parallel
with it.

Method:

1. Set up as in Figure 3, with the variable resistor set to MAXIMUM.

2. Close the switch and record the voltage (V), across R, from the voltmeter and the
current (I) through the ammeter. Open the switch.
3. Vary the variable resistor to get 6 pairs of values for (V) and (I). Record all readings.
4. Plot a graph of (I) against (V).
5. Draw the best straight line through the origin.
dI
6. Calculate the gradient (m) = dV

V 1
=
7. The resistance (R) = I m

dV V
(NB: if a graph of V against I is plotted, then (m) = dI and Resistance (R) = I = m.

(b) Figure 4(A) below shows a 12 V battery connected to 4 resistors, each of resistance 3 .
(i)

R2 and R3 are in parallel (See Figure 4 B), Total resistance in parallel:

1
RP =
1 1
+
R2 R3

1
1 1
= + = 1.5
3 3

R1, RP and R4 are in series (See Figure 4 B), Total resistance in circuit:
 RT =R1 + RP + R 4

= 3 + 1.5 + 3 = 7.5

(ii) To calculate the total current (IT) drawn from the battery, rearrange the formula:
V T =I T R T
to make (IT) the subject:

Insert animation to show Rearrangement Procedure

VT VT
=I IT =
RT T , RT

Where:

Total voltage from cell (VT) = 12 V

Total resistance in circuit (RT) = 7.5

12V
IT =
7.5

IT = 1.6 A

(iii) R2 and R3 are in parallel, so the voltage across each resistor is the same as the voltage (VP)
across the equivalent parallel resistor (RP).

Voltage across R2 is VP.

VP can be calculated from the formula: VP = IT RP,

Where:

Total current (IT) 1.6 A

Total resistance in parallel (RP) = 1.5

VP = (1.6 A) (1.5 ) = 2.4 V

CSEC Physics June 2013 Paper 2 Question 6

6 a Experiment to determine the ranges of and emissions in Aluminium.

Method:

1. Use the GM Tube to measure the background count rate (RB).

2. Set up as shown in figure 5 above, with a thickness (t) of Aluminium, a fixed distance
(x) from the source.
3. Note the count rate (R).
4. Increase the thickness (t) of Aluminium (keeping (x) constant) until the count rate
returns to background (RB).
This is the thickness which has absorbed all the particles, i.e. the range of in
Aluminium.
5. Note the thickness (t).
6. Replace the source with a and repeat steps 3 to 6.

(i)
1 232 x
0 n + 90 Th y Th

Equating the sum of the Nucleon (or Mass) Numbers of the left with the Nucleon Numbers on
the right:

1 + 232 = x x = 233

Equating the sum of the Proton (or Atomic) Numbers on the left with the Proton Number on the
Right:
0 + 90 = y y = 90
1
n + 232 233
0 90 Th 90 Th

x
Similarly, y Th 10e + uv Pa

233 0 u
90 Th 1e + v Pa

230 = 0 + u, u = 233

90 = -1 + v, v = 91
233 0 233
90 Th 1e + 91Pa

u
And: v Pa 10e + 233zU

233
91 Pa 10e + 233zU

91 = -1 + z, z = 92
u
v Pa 10e + 233
92 U

(ii) The change of mass ( m) which occurs during the fission of U-235 can be found by
subtracting the sum of the masses on the right hand side from the sum of the masses on the left
hand side of the equation:

233
U + 10n 133 98 1
92 51 Sb + 41 Nb +3 ( 0n ) +energy

m = LH masses RH masses = (U + n) (Sb + Nb + 3n)

= [(233.03964 + 1.00867) (132.91525 + 97.91033 + 3(1.00867)]

= 0.19672 u
To convert the unit for m from u to kg, multiply m by 1.66 10-27 kg.

m = (0.19672 u) (1.66 10-27) kg

= 3.265552 10-28 kg

233
Calculate the Energy (E) released in the fission of 92 U from the formula:

E = m c2

Where:

Change in mass ( m) = 3.265552 1028 kg

Speed of light in a vacuum (c) = 3.0 108 ms-1

E = (3.265552 1028 kg) (3.0 108 ms-1)2

= 2.9389968 10-11 J

E = 2.94 10-11 J (to 3 significant figures)