:

.
-

Prolegomena ad Homerum F.A. Wolf (1795)

o .
.
. --
-, .1

T -
-
Milman Parry (. 1), 1928-35

.6

.2 Powell
, - O Barry P. Powell
. O
3
(. 2) . . To 1991 Homer and the Origin of
the Greek Alphabet (Cambridge University Press).
, . , , Powell
- .

. , -
, Parry, -
.. Lord, - :
standard text ( )
(oral dictated text).4 correct version ( ),
,
- .7
. , / -
(adapter) -
, ,
( ) .
, -
.5 O- . O

-
- ,
. 650 ..
. Detienne, ,
- ,
, - ,
- 1. O Milman Parry (1902-1935), . 1952 T. Wade-Gery,
- . The Poet of the Iliad,

APXAIOOIA & TEXNE . 109 95


(notation) (.
11-14.14). O Powell
.

(. 3).

Powell
O
. -
(
, ),
abecedaria .

(OO, ).8 ,
.
O, , O .. -
. -
,
, .
FANA (F),
O (F), ... .
, , , \A
, - , \A ,
. - a a A
( ) - , f b
d a , , e ,
. y c a
\A d \A.
;
-
, 3. O ,
(Uralphabet). ( B.P. Powell).

-
- : 22
- 10 (
- ), -
, ,
- ( O).
, -
Adolf Kirchhoff Studien zur Geschichte des
.9 , griechischen Alphabets (11863, 41887),

-
(nichtphoenikische / neu erfundene / neue Zeichen
- ) .
, (,
, / , , ..).
2. , . . (.
N. , 1811, B K. - 5), . O

96 . 109 APXAIOOIA & TEXNE

Kirchhoff
, ,
, -
( ). -

,
-
.11

,
(Szanto, , Sophocles ..)
-
, . ,
, -
(. 800 ..),
12 (. 4, 6).

communis opinio -
.

, -
.
(
Powell
) -
, , ,
. O H .
4. A -
(: ).
scriptio continua.

5. O Kirchhoff, .

APXAIOOIA & TEXNE . 109 97

 , : ) -
,
, ) , -
, )
, )
, )
( abecedaria). -

.

,13 -
-
.
, -
.
(. 7)
. -
( ..),
,
,14 -
.15 -
-
. (. 8), -
, ,
.16
( )
6. ,
, 17 -
Schyen. 21x13 . .
,

, -
, -
.18
, .. -
. - . -
, ( -
800 .., standard ) . -
text correct version , , -
Powell, . . -


Powell 70 , -
- .
7 Carpenter -
.. O
, 560 .. .19
, -
. O
8
, . , ,
- - . O -

98 . 109 APXAIOOIA & TEXNE

 , , Al Mina .).
, - O -
Powell. - -
, ... -
- . O
-
- -
. O -
(. 81 (1338a)
Diehl = 185 West = -
27).20 - ,
, -
5 - (e -
, , e d e -
). 163 O-
-
[...] , ,

(. 1-3). -
- -
,
470 .. .25 -
- -
-
-
.21 -
- -
.26 -
- 7. O ( -
- ). , - -
. : []
, / h / h h -

, . : / ,
. A -
22
, / - . -
. , :
,

.


. , , -
. (. 6.2.6: d d a -
). O Theodor Mommsen
Rmische Geschichte27
-
,
- .
, -
vraie vulgate .23 , Powell (. 181),
- -
- (, , ,
24
. ). O -
. -
(, , ,

APXAIOOIA & TEXNE . 109 99

 . -
,
-
, -
-
, -
. O Powell
,
()
O.
, -
O,

O . O O-
30 100 . O

O 800-775 .. Powell,
Gregory Nagy28 -
-
, -
.
, .

, ,
. M-
. O 8-.
. - ( ): ho
(oral .

societies)
. -
5 . O . -
. O , .
, ,
( , 168), .

( , 163 ).
,
.
; ; - .30 d
. ; O . c c , -
( -
; , )
. . O
O Albert Lord, - -
, - , -
- .31 O Eric Havelock, -
27.000 The Muse Learns to Write ,
.29 O , - -
O, -
.
( ).

100 . 109 APXAIOOIA & TEXNE


O ,
,
,33 -
-
. , -
. O Milman Parry, -
, -
,

.34
,
. O
-
.
.
.

,
, ,
.

* O ,
.
1 . Alan Wace . Ventris / J. Chadwick, Documents
in Mycenaean Greek, . . xxvii.
2 . A. Parry (.), The Making of Homeric Verse. The Collected
Papers of Milman Parry, New York - Oxford 1987.
3 F. Nietzsche, Menschliches, Allzumenschliches, 1878, II.140 (In
Ketten tanzen).
4 .. Lord, The Singer of Tales, Cambridge Mass. 1960, 124 ., 149.
5 . . Heubeck, Schrift,
Archaeologia Homerica, Gttingen 1979, . 182 . 939.
6 M. Detienne, , . . , . ,
2006, . 66. O Fustel de Coulanges E La cit antique
(1864) , ,

.
7 O (. 275c, . 277d) -
. , . A. Ford, The Origins of Criticism,
Powell Princeton 2002, . 245.
, - 8
32 - 5 , .
, - . L.H. Jeffery, The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece, Oxford 1960, . 79-80.
9 , . .. , O
. O
, Corpus 60 (2005), .
,
16-23. , .. , -
(., . 606e). , O 148 (2006), . 14-28.
10 e d e ,

(;) , - ,
. . . W.S. Allen, Vox Graeca, Cambridge 1987, . 173.
11 Jeffery (.., . 310),
,
.
, 12 . A. Heubeck, Die Wrzburger Alphabettafel,
Wrzburger Jahrbcher fr die Altertumswissenschaft NS 12 (1986), . 7-20
, . R.D. Woodard (.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Worlds Ancient

APXAIOOIA & TEXNE . 109 101

Languages, CUP, 2004, . 656-657 , . . . . 789:
2002, f .
, O , . 29. 26 G. Busolt, Griechische Staatskunde, . I.1, M 1920, . 488.
13 . P. Friedlnder / H.B. Hoffleit, Epigrammata, 1948 (. Chicago 1987) 27 1, . 14.
. 7 . 1, W.F. Albright. . .W. 28 Bryn Mawr Classical Review, 21.3.1997.
Johnston, The extent and use of literacy: The archaeological evidence, 29 Lord, .., . 154.
R. Hgg (.), The Greek Renaissance of the ighth Century B.C. Tradition 30 . Thomas, .., . 77 C.M. Bowra, , .
and Innovation, Stockholm 1983, . 63-68:67 . Lombardo, Marchands, , . .. , 1982, , . 115, 140-141.
transactions conomiques, criture, M. Detienne (.), Les savoirs de 31 a c c e d -
lcriture en Grce ancienne, Lille 1988, . 159-187:173. r , e [...]
14 . R. Meiggs / D. Lewis, A Selection of Greek d d d ^E (1.2.6). -
Historical Inscriptions, Oxford 1984, Nr. 1. . A. Heubeck, Die homerische -
Frage, Darmstadt 1988, . 223. .
15 - 32 , Heubeck, Schrift, .., . 151, Lombardi, .., . 170.
(. T.B.L. Webster, From Mycenae to Homer, 33 O F. de Saussure, ,
1977, . 210), , , (la tyrannie de la lettre) Roy Harris
. The Origin of Writing, London 1986, . 2, -
16 , , . G. Annibaldis / . Harris:
O. Vox, La pi antica iscrizione greca, Glotta 54 (1976), . 223-228. . - -
. Duhoux, Observations sur loenocho du Dipylon, Kadmos 30 .
(1991), . 153-169. O Powell The Dipylon Oinochoe and the , []
spread of literacy in eighth-century Athens, Kadmos 27 (1988), 65-86:77, .
, 34

, : -
[ - , O. .. -
], .
[...] O -
, -
, Homer and the Art of Writing
( - ) - Ch.E. Maravelias
[ ].
17 . B. Patzek, Homer und Mykene. Mndliche Dichtung und Ge-
The question of writing is a key issue of the so-called
schichtsschreibung, Mnchen 1991, . 157.
18 R. Thomas, , . . Homeric Question(s). In the recent years much debate
, , 1996, . 78. has been caused over the challenging theory of the
19 R. Carpenter, The Antiquity of the Greek Alphabet, AJA 37 (1933), . 8- American professor B.P. Powell, that the Greek alphabet
29:29, G. Pfohl (.), Das Alphabet. Entstehung und Entwicklung der was specifically invented in order to write down Homeric
griechischen Schrift, Darmstadt 1968, . 1-39.
20 \E r, t , = -
poetry, with Homer himself doing the dictation. This article
examines the functionality of a Homeric alphabet
. -
(. ) (. , , proposed by professor Powell, while focusing on the
1988, . 81-2, . Guarducci, Epigrafia Graeca I, Roma extremely poor state of the Greek script throughout the 8th
1995, . 442). O Powell century BCE; i.e. in Homers own century. The reasonably
. accurate rendering of Homeric epic in Powells alphabet is
21 R. Pfeifer, , . . .., . ,
considered more or less impossible; mainly because of
. . , 1972, . 30.
22 . G. Busolt, Griechische Geschichte, . , Gotha 21893 the incompleteness of the Greek script of the period, the
(. Hildesheim 1967), 12, . 579-583. apparent lack of sufficient writing materials and/or
23 Lombardo, .., . 166. . , W. Harris Writing and Literacy in the surfaces and, in many case, due to the fact that Homeric
Archaic Greek City , Festschrift H.W. Pleket, Amsterdam 1996, . poetry was the oral product of an oral society. Thus epic
57-77, . Gagarin, Writing Greek Law, CUP, 2008, . 40.
24 . K. Robb, Literacy & Paideia in Ancient Greece, Oxford UP, 1994, . 44:
poetry not only did not need writing, but on the contrary
M 7 .,
the art of writing proved to be hostile to the Greek epic.
, . The author, a student of the early Greek writing systems,
25 J. Velissaropoulos, Les nauclres grecs, Genve - Paris 1980, . 84, argues that the first normal use of the Greek alphabet was
Lombardo, .., . 174. . to facilitate the Greco-Phoenician shipping and
(1.289.3): b , f - commercial contacts on the Greek side of the business.
a . j d , . . (. .
The use of writing by the Greeks for literary and scientific
O. 8.12-15). O a e
. , b a ends comes later, as it happened everywhere in the
, e d e c . history of writing.

102 . 109 APXAIOOIA & TEXNE