Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Expunge - to strike out, obliterate, or mark for deletion from the court Misdemeanor
record. - criminal offenses considered less serious than feloni
Extradition - the process by which one state surrenders to another state a person accused or convicted of a crime in the other state.
Mistrial - a trial that is terminated before its normal conclusion and
Felony - a crime of a graver nature than a misdemeanor, usually punishable by imprisonment in a penitentiary for more than a year or a su
Mitigating circumstance - factors such as age, mental capacity, mo
Fence - a person in the business of buying stolen goods, usually for resale; to buy or sale stolen goods.
M'naghten rule - the test applied for the defense of insanity. Under
Fraud - an intentional misrepresentation or deception employed to deprive another of property or a legal right or to otherwise do them harm
Moot - is one not subject to a judicial determination because it involv
Frye standard - a set of standards set by the court of appeals of the district of Columbia in 1923 in
Motion - an application for a rule or order, made to a court or judge.
Frye test - a test emphasizing that the subject of an expert witness's testimony must conform to a generally accepted explanatory theory.
Objection - the process by which one party takes exception to some
Gag order - a trial judge's order to attorney's and witnesses not to talk to the press about the case.
Omnibus hearing - hearing held in criminal court to dispose of appr
Gault decision - land mark U.S. Supreme Court decision affirming that juveniles are entitled to the same due process rights as adults the r
Opening statements - not part of the evidence, these orations mad
Habeas corpus - a writ that commands that a person be brought before a judge. A writ of habeas corpus is a legal document that forces la
Opinion - conclusion reported by a witness who qualified as an expe
Hearing - judicial or legal examination of the issues of law and fact between the parties.
Order - any written directive of a court or judge other than a judgme
Hearsay - a statement made during a trial or hearing that is not based on the personal, firsthand knowledge of the witness. Statement mad
Order to show cause - order to appear in court and present reason
Hearsay rule - the regulation making a witness's statement inadmissible if it is not based on personal knowledge unless it falls within certa
Overrule - judge's decision not to allow an objection. Decision by a
Holographic document - any document completely written and signed by one person. A holographic may be probated without anyone hav
Pardon - a form of executive clemency removing or extinguishing cr
Hostile witness - a witness whose testimony is not favorable to the party who calls him or her as witness.
Physical evidence - any tangible article that tends to prove or dispr
Immunity - grant by the court in which someone will not face prosecution in return for providing criminal evidence.
Plain view - an exception to the requirement for a search warrant, w
Inadmissible evidence - the testimony/evidence that the judge rules as not proper and hence instructs its disregard.
Plaintiff - the complaining party in litigation.
Incompetency - lacking the physical, intellectual, or moral capacity or qualification to perform a required duty.
Plea - in a criminal proceeding, it is the defendant's declaration in op
Indeterminate sentence - a sentence of imprisonment to a specified minimum and maximum period of time, specifically authorized by sta
Plea bargaining - the process through which an accused person and
Infraction - a violation of law not punishable by imprisonment. Minor traffic offenses are generally considered infractions.
Preliminary hearing - in criminal law, the hearing at which a judge
Injunction - a preventive measure by which a court orders a party to refrain from doing a particular act. A preliminary injunction is granted
Preponderance of evidence - the standard for a judgment in a civi
Interrogatories - set of specialized questions sent by one attorney to another concerning requested information of their respective clients r
Judgement - the final disposition of a case. Presumption - an inference resulting from a rule of law or the prove
Pre-trial conference - a meeting between the judge and the lawyers involved
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Prima facie evidence - evidence that, in the judgment of the law, is good
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Putative father - a man accused but not proven to be the biological fatherSubpoena
of an offspring.
duces tecum - a court order commanding a witness to b
Quid pro Quo - something for something, as in making a deal (ex. plea bargaining)
Subrogation - substituting one creditor for another.
Rape - sexual intercourse between a man and a woman without the women's consent.
Summary judgment - decision made by a trial court based on writ
Reasonable doubt - doubt that arises from evidence or lack thereof and would be entertained by a reasonable or prudent person. Reasona
Summons - a notice to the defendant that he/she has been sued an
Reasonable suspicion - a term referring to police officer's justification for stopping
Suppression hearing - a hearing before a judge, in which one of th
Rebuttal - the presentation of evidence to counter or disprove facts previously introduced by the adverse party.
Temporary restraining order - (TRO) a judge's order forbidding ce
Recess - an adjournment of a trial or a hearing that is temporary and occurs after the commencement of the trial. If there is going to be a s
Testimony - evidence given by a witness under oath. does not includ
Record - document that furnishes objective evidence of activities performed or results achieved.
Trial - judicial examination and determination of issues of law and fa
Recross - to cross-examine a witness a second time after redirect examination.
Trial court - local court that initially hears all cases in dispute.
Re-direct examination - opportunity to present rebuttal evidence after one's evidence has been subjected to cross-examination.
Validation - confirmation by examination and provision of objective
Redirect questioning - questioning by the original attorney that follows the opposing counsel's cross-examination.
Venue - synonymous with the place of trial.
Release on recognizance - a court order releasing a defendant from custody on the defendant's written promise to appear in court when t
Wanton - characterized by reckless disregard of consequences and t
Res gestae - all of the things done or words spoken in the course of the transaction or event; A record of what was said or done in the first
Warrant - a court order authorizing law enforcement officers to mak
Rest - a party is said to have rest its case when it has presented all of the evidence in intends to offer.
Warrant of Arrest - an order issued by a judge for the arrest of a p
Robbery - felonious taking of another's property from his person or immediate presence and against his will by means of force or fear.
Witness - one who testifies to what he/she has seen, heard, or othe
Rules of evidence - standards governing whether evidence in a civil or criminal case is admissible.
Writ - a mandatory precept issued by an authority in the name of th
Search and seizure - the body of law that covers the issue of examining a persons property with the intention of finding evidence not in pl