16/05/2017 Nonfinancialtransactions(nasa_10_nf_tr)

Nonfinancialtransactions
(nasa_10_nf_tr)
ReferenceMetadatainEuroSDMXMetadataStructure
(ESMS)
Compilingagency:Eurostat,thestatisticalofficeofthe
EuropeanUnion

Eurostatmetadata
Referencemetadata
1.Contact
2.Metadataupdate
3.Statisticalpresentation
4.Unitofmeasure
5.ReferencePeriod
6.InstitutionalMandate
7.Confidentiality
8.Releasepolicy
9.Frequencyofdissemination
10.Accessibilityandclarity
11.Qualitymanagement
12.Relevance
13.Accuracy
14.Timelinessandpunctuality
15.Coherenceandcomparability
16.CostandBurden
17.Datarevision
18.Statisticalprocessing
19.Comment
RelatedMetadata
Annexes(includingfootnotes)

Foranyquestionondataandmetadata,pleasecontact:EUROPEANSTATISTICALDATA
SUPPORT Download

1.Contact Top
1.1.Contactorganisation Eurostat,thestatisticalofficeoftheEuropeanUnion
1.2.Contactorganisationunit C2:Nationalaccountsproduction
1.5.Contactmailaddress 5r.AlphonseWeickerbtim.JosephBech,2721Luxembourg

2.Metadataupdate Top
2.1.Metadatalastcertified 24/01/2017
2.2.Metadatalastposted 24/01/2017
2.3.Metadatalastupdate 24/01/2017

3.Statisticalpresentation Top
3.1.Datadescription
The nonfinancial Annual Sector Accounts (ASA) are compiled in accordance with the European System of
Accounts (ESA 2010) and are transmitted by the EU Member States, EEA Members (Norway, Iceland) and
Switzerland following ESA2010 transmission programme (Table 8) established by the Regulation (EU) No
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549/2013oftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof21May2013ontheEuropeansystemofnationaland
regionalaccountsintheEuropeanUnion,annexesAandBrespectively).
The ASA encompass nonfinancial accounts that provide a description of the different stages of the economic
process: production, generation of income, distribution of income, redistribution of income, use of income and
nonfinancialaccumulation.TheASArecordtheeconomicflowsofinstitutionalsectorsinordertoillustratetheir
economic behaviour and interactions between them. They also provide a list of balancing items that have high
analytical value in their own right: value added, operating surplus and mixed income, balance of primary
incomes,disposableincome,saving,netlending/netborrowing.Allofthembutnetlending/netborrowing,can
be expressed in gross or net terms, i.e. with and without consumption of fixed capital that accounts for the use
andobsolescenceoffixedassets.
In terms of institutional sectors, a broad distinction is made between the domestic economy (ESA 2010
classificationcodeS.1)andtherestoftheworld(S.2).WithinS.1andS.2,inturn,moredetailedsubsectorsare
distinguishedasexplainedinmoredetailinsection"3.2Classificationsystem".
Dataarepresentedinthetable"Nonfinancialtransactions"(nasa_10_nf_tr).
The table contains data, as far as they are available, expressed in national currency and millions of euro in
currentprices.

In line with ESA2010 Transmission programme requirements data series start from 1995 (unless subject to
voluntary transmission option and/or country specific derogations). Countries may transmit longer series on
voluntarybasis.
Available level of detail by sectors and transactions may also vary by country due to voluntary transmission of
someitems(asdefinedinESA2010transmissionprogramme)andcountryspecificderogations.
ASA collected according ESA2010 Transmission programme include selected data on employment (in persons
andhoursworked)byinstitutionalsectors.However,astransmissionofthesevariablesisvoluntary(exceptfor
thesectorofGeneralgovernment),dataavailabilitymayvarysignificantlyacrosscountries.
A set of key indicators, deemed meaningful for economic analysis, is available in the table "Key indicators"
(nasa_10_ki)formostofthemembersoftheEuropeanEconomicArea(EEA),oftheEuroareaandEU.
Keyratiosarederivedfromnonfinancialtransactionsasfollows:

Grosshouseholdsavingrate(S.14_S.15):B8G/(B6G+D8recD8pay)*100
Grossinvestmentrateofhouseholds(S.14_S.15):P51G/(B6G+D8recD8pay)*100
Grossinvestmentrateofnonfinancialcorporations(S.11):P51G/B1G*100
Grossprofitshareofnonfinancialcorporations(S.11):B2G_B3G/B1G*100
TotalinvestmenttoGDPratio(S.1):P51G/B1GQ*100
BusinessinvestmenttoGDPratio:(S.11_P51G+S.12_P51G)/B1GQ*100
GovernmentinvestmenttoGDPratio:S.13_P51G/B1GQ*100
HouseholdsinvestmenttoGDPratio:(S.14_S.15_P51G)/B1GQ*100

Withthefollowingtransactioncodes:

B8GGrosssaving
B6GGrossdisposableincome
D8rec/D8paytheadjustmentforthechangeinpensionentitlements(receivable/payable)
P51GGrossfixedcapitalformation
B1GGrossvalueadded
B1GQGrossdomesticproduct
B2G_B3GGrossoperatingsurplus/mixedincome.

Intheabove,allratiosareexpressedingrossterms,i.e.beforedeductionofconsumptionoffixedcapital.
Thefollowingkeyindicatorsarecalculatedinrealornominalterms:

Realgrowthofhouseholdadjusteddisposableincomepercapita(percentagechangeonprevious
period,S.14_S.15):B7G/(POP_NC*PriceDeflator)
Nominalgrowthofhouseholdadjusteddisposableincomepercapita(percentagechangeon
previousperiod,S.14_S.15):B7G/(POP_NC)
Realgrowthofhouseholdactualconsumptionpercapita(percentagechangeonpreviousperiod,
S.14_S.15):P4/(POP_NC*PriceDeflator)

Withthefollowingcodes(thecodesalreadydescribedabovehavenotbeenlisted):

B7GGrossadjustedgrossdisposableincome(adjustedforsocialtransfersinkind)
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P4Actualfinalconsumption(adjustedforsocialtransfersinkind)
POP_NCTotalpopulationnationalconcept(source:Quarterlynationalaccounts,Eurobasedomain
namq_10_pe)
PricedeflatorPriceindex/implicitdeflatorcalculatedasCP_MEUR/CLV10_MEURboth
indicatorsrefertohouseholdsandNPISHfinalconsumptionexpenditure(P31_S14_S15)(source:
Quarterlynationalaccounts,Eurobasedomainnamq_10_gdp)

Thefollowingkeyindicatorscombinenonfinancialwithfinancialaccounts:

Gross return on capital employed, before taxes, of nonfinancial corporations (S.11):

[B2G_B3G/(AF2+AF3+AF4+AF5,liab)]*100
Net debttoincome ratio, after taxes, of nonfinancial corporations (S.11): ([(AF2+AF3+AF4,
liab)/(B4ND5pay)]*100)
Net return on equity, after taxes, of nonfinancial corporations (S.11): [(B4ND5pay)/(AF5,
liab)]*100
Grossdebttoincomeratioofhouseholds(S.14_15):[(AF4,liab)/(B6G+D8net)]*100
Householdnetfinancialassetsratio(BF90/(B6G+D8net))

Withthefollowingcodes(thecodesalreadydescribedabovehavenotbeenlisted):

B4NNetentrepreneurialincome
D5payCurrenttaxesonincomeandwealth
AF2Currencyanddeposits
AF3Debtsecurities(excludingfinancialderivatives)
AF4Loans
AF5Equityandinvestmentfundshares
BF90Financialnetworth

"rec"meansresources,thatistransactionsthataddtotheeconomicvalueofagivensector.
"pay"means"uses",thatistransactionsthatreducetheeconomicvalueofagivensector.
"liab"referstothestockofliabilitiesincurredbyagivensectorandrecordedinthefinancialbalancesheets.
Seealsothesectoraccountsdedicatedwebsiteformoreinformation.
3.2.Classificationsystem
The standard followed is the European System of Accounts 2010 andESA 2010 data transmission programme.
The main categories are the institutional sectors and the transactions recorded between the sectors. The
transactions are grouped into a sequence of accounts, namely: the production, generation, distribution and
redistributionofincome,useofincomeandcapitalaccounts.
The institutional sectors combine institutional units with broadly similar characteristics and behaviour:
households and nonprofit institutions serving households (NPISHs), nonfinancial corporations, financial
corporations,andthegovernment.Transactionswithnonresidentsandthefinancialclaimsofresidentsonnon
residents,orviceversa,arerecordedinthe"restoftheworld"account.
Classificationofsectors:

Totaleconomy(S.1)
Nonfinancialcorporations(S.11)
Publicnonfinancialcorporations(S.11001)
Financialcorporations(S.12)
Publicnonfinancialcorporations(S.12001)
Generalgovernment(S.13)
Householdsandnonprofitinstitutionsservinghouseholds(NPISH)(S.14_15)
Households(S.14)
Nonprofitinstitutionsservinghouseholds(S.15)
RestoftheWorld(S.2)

Thehouseholds sector comprises all households including unincorporated household enterprises. These cover
most sole proprietorships and most partnerships that do not have a legal status independent from their owners.
Thereforethehouseholdsectoralsogeneratesoutputandentrepreneurialincome.IntheEuropeanaccounts,non
profitinstitutionsservinghouseholds(NPISHs),suchascharitiesandtradeunions,aregroupedwithhouseholds.
Theireconomicweightisrelativelylimited.
Thenonfinancialcorporationssectorcomprisesallprivateandpubliccorporateenterprisesthatproducegoods
or provide nonfinancial services to the market. Accordingly, the government sector excludes such public
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enterprises (except corporations having mainly nonmarket output and being controlled by government unit) and
comprises central, state (regional) and local government and social security funds. The financial corporations
sector comprises all private and public entities engaged in financial intermediation such as monetary financial
institutions (Central bank and other banks, money market funds), investment funds, insurance corporations and
pensionfunds.
Restoftheworldsectorconsistsofnonresidentunitsinsofarastheyareengagedintransactionswithresident
institutionalsectors.
Thetransactionsbetweeninstitutionalsectorsaregroupedintovariouscategoriesthathaveadistincteconomic
meaning.Formoredetailsontransactionsandsequenceofaccountspleaseseesection3.4.Statisticalconcepts
anddefinitions.
Classificationoftransactions:

Transactionsingoodsandservicesincludetheletter"P",e.g.P.1Output,P.2Intermediate
consumption,P.51Grossfixedcapitalformationetc.
Distributivetransactionshavetheletter"D",e.g.D.1Compensationofemployees,D.2Taxeson
productionandimports,D.41Interestetc.
Letter"B"isusedforthebalancingitemsofthenonfinancialaccounts,e.g.B.1GQGross
domesticproductatmarketprices,B.6GGrossdisposableincome,B.9Netlending(+)/netborrowing
()etc.Theyarecalculatedasresourcesminususes.

Codingoftheflowdimension:inthenonfinancialaccounts,resourcesarecodedas"received"andusesas
"paid".
Foracompletereviewoftheclassificationsused,pleasereferto:
ESA2010Chapter23'Classifications'
TheEuropeanSystemofAccounts2010TransmissionProgramme
3.3.Coveragesector
Annualsectoraccountscoverall(institutional)sectorsoftheeconomy.Fordetails,pleaserefertosection3.2
Classificationsystem.
Transmissionofannualdataonsubsectorsofpublicnonfinancialandfinancialcorporationsisvoluntary
accordingtoESA2010transmissionprogramme.Thusthesedatamaynotbeavailableforallcountriesand
periods.
3.4.Statisticalconceptsanddefinitions
The concepts, definitions and classifications are based on the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). The
nonfinancial sector accounts provide, by institutional sector, a systematic description of the different stages of
theeconomicprocess:production,generationofincome,distributionofincome,redistributionofincome,useof
incomeandfinancialandnonfinancialaccumulation.Transactionswithnonresidentsarerecordedinthe"restof
the world" account. The sector accounts thus show the interactions among the different sectors of the resident
economyandbetweentheresidenteconomyandtherestoftheworld.
For the euro area and the EU consolidated rest of the world accounts are produced. This means that cross
bordertransactionsamongeuroarea/EUMemberStateshavebeenremovedfromtherestoftheworldaccounts
and that, in particular, the asymmetries in the bilateral trade statistics have been eliminated. Consequently,
importsandexportsaremuchsmallerthantheywouldhavebeenifasimpleaggregationofthenationaldatahad
beenusedabouthalfoftheexternaltradeoftheindividualMemberStatesiswithintheeuroarea/EU.
The transactions are grouped into various categories that have a distinct economic meaning, such as
'compensationofemployees'(comprisingwagesandsalaries,beforetaxesandsocialcontributionsarededucted,
andsocialcontributionspaidbytheemployers).Inturn,thesecategoriesoftransactionsareshowninasequence
ofaccounts,eachofwhichcoversaspecificeconomicprocess.Thisrangesfromproduction,incomegeneration
andincome(re)distribution,throughtheuseofincome,forconsumptionandsaving,andtheinvestment,asshown
inthecapitalaccount,totransactionssuchasborrowingandlending.Eachnonfinancialtransactionisrecorded
asanincreaseinthe"resources"ofacertainsectorandanincreaseinthe"uses"ofanothersector.Forinstance,
the resources side of the "dividends" transaction category records the amounts of dividends receivable by the
differentsectorsoftheeconomy,whereastheusessideshowsdividendspayable.Foreachtypeoftransaction,
total resources of all sectors and the rest of the world equal total uses. Each account leads to a meaningful
balancingitem,thevalueofwhichequalstotalresourcesminustotaluses.Typically,suchbalancingitems,such
asGDPorsaving,areimportanteconomicindicators.Theyarecarriedovertothenextaccount.
The production account records the output of goods and services as its main resource, to which taxes less
subsidies on products are added to obtain total resources of an economy at market prices. The main use in the
productionaccountis"intermediateconsumption"suchastheconsumptionoffuelwithinaproductionprocess.
The difference between resources and uses is the balancing item "gross value added" for individual domestic
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sectorsandgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)fortotaleconomy.Thisgrossvalueaddedisthencarriedoverasa
resource to the subsequent set of accounts, the generation and distribution of income accounts, which
eventually yield "disposable income" as a balancing item. This conceptual and numerical interlinkage of the
accounts ensures the consistent derivation of key economic indicators. "Net lending/net borrowing" is derived
from the capital account by comparing "gross capital formation" (mainly investment in capital goods and
software)plusthenetacquisitionof"nonproduced,nonfinancialassets"(suchaslandorlicences)with"gross
saving" plus net "capital transfers" (such as an investment grants). If saving plus net capital transfers received
exceeds nonfinancial investment, a sector has a surplus of funds and becomes a net lender to other domestic
sectorsand/ortherestoftheworld.
The transactions are recorded on an accrual basis (i.e. not on a cash basis), that is, when economic value is
created,transformedorextinguished.
3.5.Statisticalunit
The elementary building block of ESA2010 statistics is the institutional unit (see ESA2010, 2.12.), "an
elementary economic decisionmaking centre characterised by uniformity of behaviour and decisionmaking
autonomyintheexerciseofitsprincipalfunction".Thiscanbe,amongstothers,ahousehold,acorporationora
governmentagency.
3.6.Statisticalpopulation
Nationalaccountscombinedatafrommanysourcestatistics.Theconceptofstatisticalpopulationisnot
applicableinanationalaccountscontext.
3.7.Referencearea
EuropeanUnion,EuroArea,EUMemberStates,EEAMemberStates(NorwayandIceland)andSwitzerland.
3.8.CoverageTime
TheESA2010regulationrequiressubmittingthedatabackto1995.Giventheexistenceofderogationsregarding
thetransmissionprogrammeandvoluntaryseries,thelengthoftheseriesavailablevariesfromonecountrytothe
other.
TheEuroAreaandtheEuropeanUnionAnnualSectorAccountsareavailableasfrom1999.
3.9.Baseperiod
Notapplicable.

4.Unitofmeasure Top
Dataarepresentedinmillionsofnationalcurrency,Euro/ECU(fornonfinancialtransactions)andaspercentage
ratios(forkeyindicators).

5.ReferencePeriod Top
Thereferenceperiodisthecalendaryear.

6.InstitutionalMandate Top
6.1.InstitutionalMandatelegalactsandotheragreements
The nonfinancial Annual Sector Accounts (ASA) are compiled in accordance with the European System of
Accounts (ESA 2010) and are transmitted by the EU Member States, EEA Members (Norway, Iceland) and
SwitzerlandfollowingESA2010transmissionprogramme(Table8)bothestablishedbytheRegulation (EU) No
549/2013oftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof21May2013ontheEuropeansystemofnationaland
regionalaccountsintheEuropeanUnion,annexesAandBrespectively).
6.2.InstitutionalMandatedatasharing
DatareceivedviatheESA2010transmissionprogrammearesharedwithotherinternationalinstitutionsin
accordancewithspecificagreements,notablywiththeECBandtheOECD.
DatasharingwithECBisgovernedbyservicelevelagreementsignedbetweenEurostatandECBinFebruary
2008.
AProtocolforcooperationbetweenEurostatandtheOECDintheareaofNationalAccountssignedinJune
2013specifiesagreeddataexchangeanddatavalidationarrangements.

Top
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7.Confidentiality
7.1.Confidentialitypolicy
Regulation(EC)No223/2009onEuropeanstatistics(recital24andArticle20(4))of11March2009(OJL87,p.
164),stipulatestheneedtoestablishcommonprinciplesandguidelinesensuringtheconfidentialityofdataused
fortheproductionofEuropeanstatisticsandtheaccesstothoseconfidentialdatawithdueaccountfortechnical
developmentsandtherequirementsofusersinademocraticsociety.
7.2.Confidentialitydatatreatment
IfMemberStatestransmitdatawithaconfidentialityflagoranembargodate,thesedataarenotdisseminated
untiltheconfidentialityflagisliftedinasubsequentdatatransmissionortheembargoexpired.

8.Releasepolicy Top
8.1.Releasecalendar
According to the legal data delivery deadline as defined in ESA2010 transmission programme the
countries should transmit annual sector accounts data by 30th of September each year (see also part "14.1
Timeliness") . Once received, data are subject to validation procedures and are normally released within one
month.However,thepublicationmaybedelayedifEurostathasdetecteddataqualityproblems(e.g.imbalances
orimplausibledata).
Ingeneral,annualsectoraccountsbycountryareupdatedbeforetheendofNovemberfordatauptotheprevious
yearincludinglaterdatasubmissions.
AnnualEuropeanUnionandEuroAreaaggregatesarerevisedandreleasedfourtimesperyear(120daysafter
thereferencequarter)astheyarecalculatedasthesumofquarterlyaccounts.
For the Euro Area only, selected transactions and key indicators are first published around 102 days after the
reference quarter (preliminary data release). To avoid inconsistencies in Euro Area accounts due to data
revisions, some data are not available i ndatabase between 102 and 120 days after the reference quarter.
Complete dataset for Euro area as released for previous quarter can be downloaded here in .tsv format (see
section"Seealso").
8.2.Releasecalendaraccess
ForEuropeansectoraccountspleaserefertoreleasecalendarssectiononEurostatwebsiteandsectoraccounts
dedicatedwebpages.
8.3.Releasepolicyuseraccess
InlinewiththeCommunitylegalframeworkandtheEuropeanStatisticsCodeofPracticeEurostatdisseminates
EuropeanstatisticsonEurostat'swebsite(seeitem10'Accessibilityandclarity')respectingprofessional
independenceandinanobjective,professionalandtransparentmannerinwhichallusersaretreatedequitably.
ThedetailedarrangementsaregovernedbytheEurostatprotocolonimpartialaccesstoEurostatdataforusers.

9.Frequencyofdissemination Top
Nationaldataaredisseminatesonceayear.Incaseofdataupdates,thesearereleasedshortlyafterdata
transmissionbyacountry.
Europeansectoraccountsarereleasequarterly.
Pleaseseesection8.1formoredetails.

10.Accessibilityandclarity Top
10.1.DisseminationformatNewsrelease
Notavailableforannualdata.
10.2.DisseminationformatPublications
Sectoraccountsdedicatedwebsiteprovidesdata,informationonmethodologyandanalysis.Onthiswebsite,the
ASAdataarepresentedinthestandardESA2010sequenceofaccountsformat(Excelfiles).
10.3.Disseminationformatonlinedatabase
PleaseconsultfreedatainEurostatdatabase.
10.4.Disseminationformatmicrodataaccess
Notapplicable.
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10.5.Disseminationformatother
Thededicatedwebsiteoffersanalyticalreviewofthepublisheddata.
10.6.Documentationonmethodology
ThegeneralmethodologicalframeworkisdefinedintheEuropeanSystemofAccounts(ESA2010).
ForamethodologicaloverviewofEuropeansectoraccountspleaserefertochapter19ofESA2010andtothe
sectoraccountsdedicatedwebsite.
10.7.Qualitymanagementdocumentation
Notavailable.

11.Qualitymanagement Top
11.1.Qualityassurance
QualityisassuredbystrictapplicationofESA2010conceptsandbythoroughvalidationofthedatadeliveredby
countries.
11.2.Qualitymanagementassessment
Notavailable.

12.Relevance Top
12.1.RelevanceUserNeeds
Annualsectoraccountsoffercompleteandconsistentdescriptionofthewholeeconomyandtheinteractionofall
economicsectors.
Europeansectoraccountsallowfordetailedanalysesoftheinteractionsamonginstitutionalsectorsandbetween
themandtherestoftheworld,andthederivationofkeymacroeconomicindicators.
12.2.RelevanceUserSatisfaction
Notavailable.
12.3.Completeness
Annualsectoraccountsoffercompleteandconsistentdescriptionofthewholeeconomy,brokendowninto
domesticinstitutionalsectorsandrestoftheworld.

13.Accuracy Top
13.1.Accuracyoverall
Theoverallaccuracyissupportedbyensuringthattotalusesandtotalresourcesarebalancedatthelevelof
individualtransactioncategoriesgivingacoherentsetofdataforthetotalnationaleconomyandtransactionswith
therestoftheworld.
13.2.Samplingerror
Notapplicable.
13.3.Nonsamplingerror
Notapplicable.

14.Timelinessandpunctuality Top
14.1.Timeliness
According to the ESA 2010 Transmission Programme (see also section 8.1), Member States have to transmit
annualdatatoEurostatwithin9monthsaftertheendofthereferenceyear.Eurostatnormallypublishesthedata
shortlyafterdeliverybythecountries(sometimes,validationprocessmayleadtosomedelay).
AnnualEuropeanUnionandEuroAreaaggregates(calculatedbysummingupfourquartersofQuarterlySector
Accounts)arefirstavailable4monthsaftertheendofthereferenceyear.
14.2.Punctuality
Eurostatmonitorscloselypunctualityofdatadeliverybythecountries.Exceptinthecaseofspecialderogations,
limitedintime,countriesgenerallymeetthedatatransmissiondeadline(9monthsaftertheendofthereference
year).
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15.Coherenceandcomparability Top
15.1.Comparabilitygeographical
Thecomparabilityisensuredbytheapplicationofcommondefinitionsandmethodologicalframeworkestablished
byEuropeanSystemofAccounts,ESA2010,whichisbasedoninternationallyagreedSystemofNational
Accounts,SNA2008.
15.2.Comparabilityovertime
Applicationacommonframework(EuropeanSystemofAccounts2010)ensuresdatacomparabilityovertime.
Whereverseriesarenotcomparable,databreaksareappropriatelyflaggedintheEurostatdatabase.
15.3.Coherencecrossdomain
TheannualseriesoftheeuroareaandEUaggregatesarefullyconsistentwiththequarterlyaccountspublished
inthetable"Nonfinancialtransactions"(nasq_10_nf_tr)ofthedomain"QuarterlySectorAccounts"(nasq).
The rest of the world accounts, as compiled by Member States, record transactions between the national
economy and all nonresident units, including those in other EU Member States. To measure the external
transactions of the euro area / EU, crossborder flows within the area concerned are consolidated. With this
procedure, inconsistencies in country data, such as the socalled "asymmetries" are eliminated. Furthermore,
Europeaninstitutionstransactionsareincluded.Therefore,Europeansectoraccountsareinternallyconsistentbut
havedifferenceswithEuroarea/EUaggregatesreleasedbyothernationalaccountsdomains.
ItshouldbestressedthatEuropeansectoraccountsarenotasimplesumofnationalsectoraccountsandcannot
beusedtoderivenotavailablenationalseriesasaresidual.
Fornationaldata,theremaybediscrepanciesbetweenannualandquarterlysectoraccountsaswellaswith
countries'datareleasedbyothernationalaccountsdomainsduetodifferentdatasourcesandrevision/release
calendarsacrossdatasets.
However,suchdiscrepanciesarecloselymonitoredbyEurostatandconstanteffortsaremadetominimisethem.
15.4.Coherenceinternal
European sector accounts are internally consistent. This is supported by the fact that the total uses and total
resourcesarebalancedatthelevelofindividualtransactioncategoriesgivingacoherentsetofdataforthetotal
nationaleconomyandtransactionswiththerestoftheworld.

16.CostandBurden Top
Notavailable.

17.Datarevision Top
17.1.Datarevisionpolicy
EuropeanUnionandEuroAreaannualaggregatesarerevisedfourtimesperyearastheyarecalculatedby
summinguptherespectivequarterlydata.
Atnationallevel,thereisnocommonlyfixedschemeofdatarevisions.Nationaldataarerevisedaccordingto
nationalschedules,andrevisionsareappliedtoEurostat'sonlinedatabaseassoonastheybecomeavailableto
andvalidatedbyEurostat.
17.2.Datarevisionpractice
Continousupdatesofdatasourcesbetweenpreliminaryandfinalresultsisanormalpracticeofstatisticaldata
productioninnationalstatisticalintitutes.However,theextentofregulardatarevisionsislimitedinmagnitude.
RevisionsofnationalinputdataarerespectivelyreflectedinEuroareaandEUsectoraccountsaggregates.
Major changes in methodology will usually be the result of legislation, and therefore announced in the Official
Journal of the European Communities and other publications. Moreover, users are informed of revisions and
majorchangesinmethodologyonthededicatedwebsite.

18.Statisticalprocessing Top
18.1.Sourcedata
FiguresarecollectedandtransmittedtoEurostatbytheNationalStatisticalInstitutesoftheEUMemberStates
followingESA2010 transmission programme (Table 8) introduced by the Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 of the

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European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on the European system of national and regional
accountsintheEuropeanUnion(annexB).
Nationalsectoraccountscompilationreliesonavarietyofdatasources,includingadministrativedata(registers,
accounting statements, tax data, budgetary reports etc), censuses, and statistical surveys of businesses and
households.Nosingletypeofsurveycanbereferredto.Sourcesvaryfromcountrytocountryandmaycovera
large set of economic, social, financial and environmental items, which may not be strictly related to National
Accounts. For further information about sources and collection methods, please refer to National Statistical
Institutes.
Fortheaggregationpurposes(theeuroareaandEUaggregates),missingdataconcerningspecificcountries,
transactionsandsectorsmaybeestimatedbyEurostat,butsuchestimatesarenotpublishedseparately.
AccountsofEUInstitutionsarecompiledbyEurostatonthebasisofrespectivebalanceofpayments(BoP)data
and the profit and losses accounts of the European Investment Bank. The European Central Bank (ECB) and
EuropeanStabilityMechanism(ESM)accountsarecompiledbytheECB.
18.2.Frequencyofdatacollection
MemberStatestransmitsectoraccountsaccountsdatatoEurostatuponnationalpublicationand/orinlinewith
thedeadlinesspecifiedintheEuropeanSystemofAccounts(ESA2010)transmissionprogramme(pleasesee
section14fordetails).
Underlyingdataarecollectedfromnationalsources.Asdatasourcesvary,sodoesthefrequencyofcollection,
frommonthlytoannually,andinthecaseofpopulationcensusestheyaremostlycollectedeverydecade.
18.3.Datacollection
ESA2010datainaretransmittedtoEurostatbasedonSDMXwhichintroducedstandardisedcodes.
NationalAccountscombinedatafrommanysourcestatistics.Techniquesofdatacollectionvarywidely,
dependingonthecompilationapproach,thesourcestatisticsavailable,theparticularaccountinthesystemof
accounts,thetimelinessofdatareleaseandotherfactors.
18.4.Datavalidation
Data input by National Statistical Institutes is checked for accuracy and completeness. Transmitted figures are
screenedthroughanextensivesystemofequationsbasedonarithmeticalconstraints(e.g.eachtotalmustequal
thesumofitscomponents)aswellasaccountingrelations(e.g.totalusesshouldcorrespondtototalresourcesfor
alldistributivetransactionandforgoodsandservicesasawhole).
18.5.Datacompilation
Datainnationalcurrencyareconvertedtoeurousingtheannualaverageofthecurrentmarketexchangerates.
18.6.Adjustment
MemberStates'accountsmayshowstatisticaldiscrepancies(explicitorimplicit)betweenGDPandthesumof
components. In order to compile coherent and balanced set of sector accounts, some variables may be used to
adjustforanypossiblelackofadditivitybetweenthetotalandthesumofitscomponents,i.e.thesevariablesare
effectivelyusedasbalancingitems.
FortheexpenditureapproachofGDP,thebalancingvariableismostoftenchangesininventories(P.52).
FortheincomeapproachofGDPthebalancingvariablesaregrossoperatingsurplusandmixedincome(B.2g+
B.3g).
FortheoutputapproachofGDP,thebalancingvariableisvalueadded(B1G).
SomeNSIsmayalsochoosenottobalancethestatisticaldiscrepancy.Statisticaldiscrepanciesarenotexplicitly
recordedinsectoraccountstables,Insuchcasesthesearemanifestedasdiscrepanciesbetweentherespective
totalsandsumofthecomponents,aswellasbetweentotaleconomyandsumofdomesticsectors.
ForthepurposeofcalculationofEuropeanaggregates,Eurostatcorrectscountrydataforsuchlackofadditivity
inordertoproducecoherentandbalancedEuropeansectoraccounts.

19.Comment Top
Notavailable.

Relatedmetadata Top

Annexes Top

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