Active and passive voice

Definisi passive voice

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, passive voice bisa diartikan sebagai kalimat pasif yang membuat subyek

kalimat tidak membuat aksi melainkan menjadi penerima aksi. Contohnya, bila dalam kalimat aktif kita

membuat kalimat berupa ibu menggoreng ikan, maka dalam kalimat pasif kita bisa mengubahnya

menjadi kalimat ikan digoreng ibu. Hal yang sama juga akan kita lakukan bila membuat passive voice

dalam aturan bahasa Inggris.

Simple Present Tense

Active : S+V1+d+O+Complement

Pasive : S+is/am/are+V3+By O+Complement

Active Voice Passive Voice

He lights the candle. The candle is lighted by him.

He does not light the candle. The candle is not lighted by him.

Do you eat meat? Is meat eaten by you?

Present Continuous Tense

Active : S+is/am/are+V-ing+O+Complement

Pasive : S+is/am/are+Being+V3+By O+Complement

Active Voice Passive Voice

I am driving a car. A car is being driven by me.

I am not driving a car. A car is not being driven by me.

Am I driving a car? Is a car being driven by me?

Present Perfect Tense

Active : S+have/has+V3+O+Complement

Pasive : S+have/has+Been+V3+By O+Complement

Active Voice Passive Voice

She has stolen my book. My book has been stolen by her.

She has not stolen my book. My book has been stolen by her.

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Has she stolen my book? Has my book been stolen by her?

Simple Past Tense

Active : S+V2+O+Complement

Pasive : S+was/were+V3+By O+Complement

Active Voice Passive Voice

She finished work. Work was finished by her.

She did not finish work. Work was not finished by her.

Did she finish work? Was work finished by her?

Past Continuous Tense

Active : S+was/were+V-ing+O+Complement

Pasive : S+was/were+being+V3+By O+Complement

Active Voice Passive Voice

He was revising his books. His books were being revised by him.

He was not revising his books. His books were not revising by him.

Was he revising his books? Were his books revising by him?

Past Perfect Tense

Active : S+had not+V3+O+Complement

Pasive : S+had+been+V3+By+O+Compliment

Active Voice Passive Voice

The assignment had been completed by

I had completed the assignment.
me.

The assignment had not been

I had not completed the assignment.
completed by me.

Had the assignment been completed by

Had I completed the assignment?
me?

Simple Future Tense

Active : S+will/shall/be going+not+V1+O+Complement

Pasive : S+will/shall/be going+be+V3+By+O+Compliment

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 Active Voice Passive Voice

My uncle will pay my tuition fee. My tuition fee will be paid by my uncle.

My tuition fee will not be paid by my

My uncle will not pay my tuition fee.
uncle.

Will my uncle pay my tuition fee? Will my tuition fee be paid by my uncle?

Future Perfect Tense

Active : S+will/shall+have+V3+O+Complement

Pasive : S+will/shall+have+been+V3+By O+Compliment

Active Voice Passive Voice

Our home -work shall have been done by

We shall have done our home-work.
us.

We shall not have done our home- Our home -work shall not have been
work. done by us.

Shall our home -work have been done by

Shall We have done our home work?
us?

Note: In Present perfect continuous tense, Past perfect continuous tense, Future perfect
continuous tense, Future perfect tense, we use the same sentence in passive voice. It means
these tense cannot be changed in passive form.

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 Conditional Sentence

1. Pengertian Conditional Sentence

Conditional sentence adalah complex sentence (kalimat majemuk) yang dibentuk

dari subordinate clause yang diawali dengan subordinate conjunction if berupa
condition (syarat) dan main clause berupa result/consequence(hasil).

Ada 4 tipe conditional sentence yang biasa digunakan, yaitu: tipe 1, tipe 2, tipe 3, dan tipe
0. Condition pada conditional sentence tipe 1 mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 2 tidak atau hampir tidak
mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 3 tidak mungkin dipenuhi (unreal), sedangkan tipe 0 selalu terwujud
karena merupakan scientific fact/kebenaran ilmiah.

2. Rumus Conditional Sentence

Rumus Umum

Secara umum, rumus kalimat pengandaian ini adalah sebagai berikut.

if + condition, result/consequence

atau tanpa tanda baca koma:

result/consequence + if + condition

Rumus Conditional Sentence Berbagai Tipe

Type Rumus Conditional Sentence

0 if + simple present, simple present

1 if + simple present, will + bare infinitive

2 if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive

3 if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle

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3. Contoh Conditional Sentence

Berikut contoh conditional sentence pada berbagai tipe sesuai dengan rumus di atas.

Type Contoh Conditional Sentence

If we burn paper, it becomes ash.

0
(Jika kita membakar kertas, itu menjadi abu.)

If I meet him, I will introduce myself.

1
(Jika saya bertemu dia, saya akan memperkenalkan diri.)

If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.

2
(Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.)

If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.
3
(Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)

4. Negatif if + condition

Rumus: ifnot dapat digantikan dengan unless.

Contoh conditional sentence: ifnot dan unless:

Dengan menggunakan rumus negatif if, contoh conditional sentence seperti di bawah ini.

If the students do not understand, they will raise their hand to ask.
Unless the students understand, they will raise their hand to ask. (Jika para siswa tidak mengerti,
mereka akan mengangkat tangan untuk bertanya.)