APPENDIX Page 185, Psallida is mentioned as being the author of a Treu- tise on the Immortality of the Soul. ‘The subject and title of that work is True Felicity, and it is noticed in page 572. ——, Inscriptions at Cheronea, given without any emendation, from Meletius, page 341, EtErov KandBiov duréBovroy spedvupov rw Tare), txrov dad Trovrdoxe, Agerny mdoav ev Bi xal Ayoig exidebdpevov, ev rH... . Birloogar ary 2+ BY. feds Mareds Mépun Kanauxad . .. 4, of Poveis, xa) af A’der~ ga) riv fieo ss. By. Be BL [Eig 88 rv Natw rij Havaylag tv xi]. , Keyxovres Dinckévon, pnvds drarxopsviie mevrexaidexdry, arczev pedwves dvaridnas riy Wiaw Bobany Avwolay iv 1h Liv xedvov dvdD eat motdpevos Bick rod cuvedglou xard Thy vojnov. Nexovros Kagioloy, punvds Bowxarion rgiaxddi, Kedrov Mpuvis, nai Edylray Vnagkrov, cuveuagesouvrey xad rai Viiv, dvariéart 73 derucdy durdy xoghovy Zwolyay iepw vii Ségaws wagapiyay. Kedrow xad Boys ray os dy Siow dvevariirig viv dvideow moispevos dd rev ovvedgie xard yy vopov. Boxovros Asoxrtoug 75 Suppion, pnvig Suvaopoyaioy revrencubendery bee [ra arora. de@Yaguéve]. ‘Kozovrog Udrgwns, prvds waaavion, magivros & Ti Tob dvBgoydou oa pbzov rob Dirokins, dvarnar Biigav rig iiag doinas Kannide. xed moSsviv ave [By rh dur Ap Hol xad Grras wasicn, dArd dieGIaguévas].1050 APPENDIX. [ivdaaw]. Biviun dpdinures Kerrénn dorouding dgropidies Asiibiy evmedwovos seen. Meyavras pyvdg SyAvbiov mevrexaidexdry, marrds Kedrwvos dva~ rlOnow viv idinv bsgdmaway Karan l'egdv ry dere oe... wal ro rome. (Ev érégp Aim]. Kerrdraog dgssiov. Kéanis Kanainitag Merapitet neidin. [2 erdow.| xalens ceriige, xal by Qunroig wodyrt. [v Erdew]. duyagisripioy. (Ets rev dytav Tagacxenty rig Aagirotis, iv rf maaxl rig wgorxo- padiis]. Norexgdrogs Kaloags @eois A’Sgiaved Tui... . . Osc Teatavs Wag Sixs Y'iwvd, Oc Negoda tyyivp Tirp Ainkp A'Bpiavy dati... . evo evoeiber oeBasd Aoxiecei peylso Anudgyw +...... cebu... Prdrp 7” Mare) Uiargidis yy ome. [By idee ESerov dvd Eyoves nad xuvds, val Exryendiy], “Conkling. xo) Arras ov dalyou. The inscription from Stiris is more accurately given in Wheler, book iv. p. 323. —— Inscriptions at Orchomenos, It is mentioned in page 270, that these inscriptions would be here noticed, but they have been inserted in the Appendix to my fellow- trayeller’s poem, and the stone itself is cither on its way to Eng- land, or is actually in this country, so that it would be superfluous to give them a place in this work, unless I had it in my power to do that which it appears may be done, and by giving an accurate copy of them, explain the dialect and restore the metres of Pindar. Sce Childe Harold, 2d edit. note at the end. Page 281, mention is made of the supposed tomb of St. Luke of Stiris; a reference to'Wheler, book iy. p. 332, will inform the reader that it was the sarcophagus of some ancient Pagan, whose name was Nedymos.APPENDIX. 1051 Inscriptions in the Church of St. George, at Talandios in Beotia, from Meletius, p. 346. Nya rign B’tokev oH leek yeqouolg rei carigis Maxayrni iv xan Sirny avaygapivas, [ev % sian lives rd Sroyeygampsva]. cv) roardv xa) peydrcov, dv evegyeriidy raga. roi Seo b wripns deylens Loins A’gs= stag. txaglrare did roi Oeod rH yegourln yogidiov sur .. +... + giov mauris waciotoyerroves crs piv Haig A’ugSyéarapos, xal aighs Nérov Kan- Alsns xangovdpav, dard BB Newroy dg ose eae Oedtogns. dx Mocws of dgéoxovres O'rpavion xAngovépor, dh BY MeonpAglas ru... ogng ++ Gursion tods yer jv dvaptenrov. ipolws Boke oviog xa of Nuxoggdrov xrqyovizen em) v1 qourlas ts nol dye eee eee ee al xard riy duniy. wai rd ing. 7 ‘ , Page 330, contains a description of the bas-relief which is the frontispiece to this volume, and which, on reconsidering the subject, appears to me to be a funcral supper amongst the gods, ‘The ser pent is typical of renovated life as well as health, and the cakes ranged along the couch are Eleusinian emblems. Wheler calls a and Serapis, book v. p. 406, ilar tablet, a representation of Isis Page 377. Oure insertion of this in: scriptions at Eleusis, as well as at Megara and AZgina, have been examination, there is nothing which makes th ption of any purpose, especially as all the in- copied by Villoison. —_ Explanation of the Inscriptions from the Pancun at Vary. Ab the Landing-place, On one side of the loose On the other side of the loose Stone. Stone. Agzednpsos 0 Agzedepos n[o dee] [Aas] iapes 90 dee Prgauos, 0 vp aos xas Xoa[asi] [aso] xarov Nua] Pornmros Pge- deg ros[s] Nup[o] aug eGuTsurey Sasrs Nope [w]y [ai]s osmoBo[pece] carrgov ebngy~ youre . : Inscriptiones Antiquic, Pat IL. p. 76, Qvou. 17741052 APPENDIX. The other words in the inscription do not require any explanation, except the APIIOZ, which Chandler thought part of a word, direct- ing the worshippers where to place the offering. Page 593. I beg to compare what Belon said of the learning of the Greck nenks, with that which Montfaucon advances in his Pa- lxographia, p. 438, on the authority of John Commenus the phy- sician, namely, that in the libraries of Mount Athos were many ancient books, treating of every subject and sciencc, and that at the very time Belon travelled, the monk Mathusalas copied the works of Aristotle for his own use*. . The body of Greck Chemists, composed by the monks and other learned persons 6° Alexandria, and continued at Constantinople after the taking of the ciiy, is in many of the great libraries of Europe. It is to be found in those of the Vatican, the Escurial, of Milan, Venice, and Paris. The copy in the latter library was compiled by Theodore Pelican, a monk of Corfu, in 1478, and being in modern Greek, is, 1 should think, as carly a specimen of the Romaic as the translation from Boccacio or the Belisarius. Fabricius, in the eighth chapter of the siath volume of his Bibliotheca Ciraca, regrets much that it has not been edited by a person skilled in the language as well as the science. In this place it may be as well to insert what Cantemir says of the learning of his countrymen:—* We are not to imagine, with the generality of Christians, that Greece is so far sunk in barbarism, as not in these latter ages to have produced men little inferior to the most learned of her ancient sages. ‘To say nothing of times more remote from us, even our days have seen three Patriarchs of eminent reputation for learning; one of Constantinople and two of Jerusa- lem. He of Constantinople was Callinicus, a very eloquent orator, who, which seldom happens, died in his patriarchate: those of Jeru- salem were Dositheus, and his kinsman and successor Chrysanthus, yet, as Lhear, alive. For the first, besides other monuments of his * See l'Academie des Iuscript. tom, xxxviil. p. 71.APPENDIX. 1033 learning, we have three printed volumes of controversial writings against the Latins. Besides these, there flourished at Conptantino- ple Meletius, Archbishop first of Arta, and afterwards of thens, a man skilled inall parts of learning, but chiefly studious ridltose Hel- montian principles (or rather those of Thales), Which fié also ex- plained to me for the space of cight months; Elias Mimati, a sacred monk, a most acute philosopher, and eminent for hil kuowledge of both dogmatic and scholastic divinity, afterwards Bishop of Mes- sene in Peloponesus ; Mareus Larissrus, an exceilett ammarian ; Metrophanes, a sacred deacon, chiefly studious of poetry, and a happy imitator of the ancients; Li » born at Mon i Malvasia, philosopher and physician, and | was chief physician of our court. His skill anexperience in the medical art procured him both esteem and authority amongst the ‘Turks. He afterwards left Constantinople, aad in his own country was honoured with the title of a Count by the republic uf Venice. About a year after he was taken in Monembasia by the ‘Turks, and, as Lam informed, publicly hanged in Constantinopl. for a literary commerce which he had before held with the Venetians, Constan- tine, son of Ducas, Prince of Moldavia, sup cient Greek, and in philosophy a scholar of Spandomus; Andronicus, of the noble race of the Rhangavi, justly praised for his knowledge of the Greek tongue in its purity, and for his reading the Fathers. To these I might justly add, Jeremias Cacayela, a Cretan by birth, a sacred monk, and preacher of the great church at Constantinople, from whom I drew the first precepts of philosophy; Anastatius Con- dridi, a Corcyrean by birth, preceptor to my sons; as likewise Ana~ statius Nasius, a Macedonian, a man whose eminent knowledge in Greek rendered him sufficiently known both in England and Ger- many *.”” : This is very much in the style of Procopius the Moschopolite’s ior to inost in the aa- © Ottoman History, Part I. book iii, p. 92, note 10. 6r1054 APPENDIX. catalogue, and commemorates many of the same men. I conceive Prince Cantemir himself to have becu a greater honour to his coun- try than “ay one of the persons whom he here notices. —_ toe fe : Romaiz Pronunciation, page 549 of this colume. The followit g is a sketch of what appeared to the disciples of Erasmus the classical pronunciation, and, together with some re- marks from othir sources, is given from the treatises in.the Sylloge of [avercampius ; chiefly from that of Mekerchus. The Romaic pronunciation is put opposite to the letters, in the characters of the English Alphabet: A= A, sometimes broad and open, sometimes like the a in mate, . plate* ; Pronounced always as the [talian A, and the @ in vast, past. B=V, Was a labial consonant, like our B, and pronounced as we sound. the letters in Boyes and BapPauve, It was originally an aspirated P; and the Aolians and Dorians employed it sometimes as a pure or simple aspirate, writing BPOAOS for POAOS+, The change of the Beta to Veta, originated probably from the necessity of spelling by means of the B, Roman names beginning with a V, which, after the incorporation of Greece in the Roman empire, so frequently re- curred, as to induce by degrees au alteration of sound in the original Greek letter. It has before been mentioned, that the Tartars cannot pronounce the B: the early Scythian settlers inf Greece may have de- cided the change in favour of the V. It is evident, that what was > See Analytical Fssay on the Greek Alphabet, p. 21. t Analytical Essay, &ey pp. 6, 7+APPENDIX. 1935 gained by one letter was lost by another, and when the latter Greeks wanted to spell any foreign word containing a B, they ha way of representing it but by » and #: thus, Anua Comn Robertus, Popwagras. When this change took pla known; the similarity between the labial Ictters Tt an accidenta} confusion in carly periods: thus, Oct medals Oxrafig. But long after that period prope Latin were spelt with a B, as is seen in Plutarch, Pion, and other historians, take for example, Bgodros, SrgdRwv, Tiofeins ; and words also from the Latin have the same conformity; Webis and urbano being spelt, in Theophilus Antecessor. Lustitutionih. de Jure. Nat. Gent, et Civil, wréeBis and seBeive. Tatin rds froy the Greck prove the saine fact: Pow made boo, BacBuges barbary”; not voo and var- varus. Ay initial V in Roman names was sefdered b Aggies, Ouxrry, Ougysrsog, for Valeri no other na writes isAipt exactly £bccasioncd 8, is on some nes from the 4, 28 ’Ovn- , Valens, and Virgilins, as that diphthong had something of the sound of our W. Modern lan- guages, in some words taken from the Greek and Latin, preserve the nd of B, not V. ‘The Gernian and Dutch “ bosch," (a wood ) and the French “bois,” are evidently from Booxy, ; and “blaspheme,” so is from faaogrpeiv ; as well as the French ‘“embrazer,”’ and English © brazier,” from iuBodZerv. The yerse of Cratinus, 88 HADuog domep meoBarov ij Bi reywv BediSes, shows the sound of the B to have been not V. but like the first consonant in © bleat,” a word itself taken from Gaiyew. It may be said, that the Greeks had not the power of pronouncing our B, and that although va, va, was not so like the bleating of a sheep as ba, ba, it was the nearest representation of which their alphabet would admit. To which I answer, that as the modern Greeks have.in px, a distinct B, it is nearly a certainty that their ancestors also had that letter, and that the ancient Greeks were supplied with a V, ‘or sgme- thing very like it, in the sound of their Digamma. Gre10x : APPENDIX. P=, except before ¢ ands, when it is y, and before y, x, x 3, when it has the power of 2, Appeay to.ave been prouounced always hard. ‘The g in “ gref- fier,” © g Wwer,”, end “ engratl,” shows what it was in yexpew, Ue original worg. doubt. {Whether it ever had the sound of x, may admit of 4= DTH, o Ren in that, Is like the D in the moderu languages. of Europe, and not Th as in Romaic, for the Th is rey presented by ©, Dionysius dlso puls it between the T and ©. ‘ mn : E= A, as itis soterded it pate, or the Fas we read itin Eschiylus,” Similar to the Italian pronunciation, but sometimes lihe the short Lof the Latins; for Britanni, Domiéianus, and Capitolium, are spelt Bozravai, Aoperinvis, and Kererwauy. ‘There was no difference in the mode of pronouncing the long and short vowels * Z=%, Seems to have been equi alent to 3g soft, as we pronounce 7 the assertion of Dicnysius in his tre weg cuvdécems dvonarovt; for Quintilian (lib. be the most agrecable letters of the Greck a apply to “sd.” Zoucken (to seck), soumen (to surround), zen (to boil), are evidently from Sqrsiv, Sovvdsw, and Lev. u E. The vocular sound in bread. Mekerchus instances also mea?, not to «8, notwithstandin: : .) affirms {and » to pet, which will not great, and heal; which shows cither how liable pronunciation is to * See Analytical Esay, p. 21, and Plutarch in his treatise concerning the EI at-Deiphi, eg ouSiorws inoudrar nal Alyuow uta tro Ud 7b obyQure twat, ro pir, 2, dd 7, oy wed, d— Beets 1.APPENDIX. 1967 change, or that he was got well acquainted with the English, he real sound is decided by Dionysius ; and the f fer a va- riety of proofs that it was much more open aid broau thanlgie Lota: paxdv, signities to bleat like a goat; and Bayysiv, to Ab like 9 sheep ; and if the spund is atall pecserved, it siTTNL befus before mentioned, a short A. The Irish, in saying Jasus © preserved the original sound of IUZOTY, a way\tAvhich is one of Mekerehus's examples, oO TH, in, thing. The Thocter of thé Dutch is evi- cently from Duyarzg. ‘The English exe in the pronunciation of this lette: ‘The same’ as in the Roma’ and the ¢h in their own language, asvell as the sh, is asimple consonant, and should be marked, y2f5 Mr. Tooke, by a single letter®, ‘The Copts,- the modern Greeks, and ourselves,*have alone preserved the real @ +. 1 KE ‘bis letter appears to have been pronounced lik our E, and by Ho means like our leticr Z, which is diphthougal. Dfonysius calls it ne la-Lor the inferior vowel, fr aroy 3 mévrev rh 0 and Cecilius, piu ght be instituted respect- ing the *Loraxicpiy, or sedvieora, of the modern Grecks, who have re- solved the x, ¥ #01, and vi, into this vowel. [a Henry Stephen's mitin. a dw A curious speculation Apology for the Ancient Pronunciation of the Greek Tongue, there is an example of the effect which might be produced by this eonfu- sion of letters—M3 od pv Erroig po) Bri af wong Eoperace oh role Noyes GDgorra, tuoved wolaay ving Dyglay. xod yur) oF reDvijxo1 dy ool, xad ress biol hors mgig THy tiv Noemady cwrygiay yefoddon Fel peroveires Te yictn; which, according to the present system, would be, Mi sé * Diversions of Purley, Part 1. p. 93. } Analytical Pssay, pe 13. T shall teke afterwards occasion to notice Mr. Villa remarks respecting this letter, as well aysome other of his opinions on this subject”1058 APPENDIX mek Jpis mi oti i polis simbasa si tis limig phtivito, ioni pomni tic tirtis: we yini sow tetniki idi si, ke tris ti: oste pros ten ton lipon sotirian: criste di metikisi takisti*. Atheneus (p. 60) says, that only ont ‘verd in Greek ends ins, which is wert, In Romaic itis a common tarmipatton, : K=K, bi }asome districts CH. Always k 4arsh, not only before consonants, but also before all the vowels. he same may be said of the Latin C, which is very improperly prqnounced like an s before ¢, i, and u, The most ancient K (21 ) isa jimetion of two Ganmast. " A=L, The same as in tre Romaic, and as it is eee by the Eng- lish. M = M, but together with x has the sound of B, As in Romaic, except that no alteration todk place when put be- fore x, as the B was equivalent to B. . . N= N, but before A, p, x = M. Also as in the vulgar Greck, and usual pronunciation, but without any exception for the three letters ; for if » sounded like %, how came Fabius to say that in Greek no words ended ing, on account of its kakophony? Perhaps some sciolists have introduced this alteration, seeing that the Latin prepositions an, in, and con, when compounded, change their final Ictters into m. B= X. It had the power of ks or gs: thus go, appears from the geni- tive goisixog, to have been foinis, and dyrvé, which makes dyruyos, antugs. * P. 400, Sylloge. Altera, tom. ii, + Analytical Essay, p. 5,APPENDIX, 1059, o=0. some Latin nouns; @éGrog and Towanda, Were’ writ repre- sent Fabius and Publicola. ‘Oaxag secms the original offeur hulk, and ér: is the uti or ut of the Romans, who had, as Uaed jodern Ita- lians still have, a propensity to pronounce even thei\ vn o like an u*. The modern Greeks, and the English in thei'4), except in words where it is followed by a consonant or mute vo:tel (asin mode and bode), have corrupted the sound of the letter+ m=P. Equivalent to the P in English, and as dt is npw pronounced by the Greeks and other nations, This letter was like the Italian O, and hail the same =A as uin aS, P=R Aspirated or pronounced more gutturally than the English R, and ina similar manner to the Welsh. Rhaider, a waterfall, in that language, is derived, it should scem, from ZéeSeov or féw. Bas. fu which manner it was always pronounced by the ancient Greeks, The sound of the ¢ in caxxog, is exactly given in our sack. Pindar calls it xifdaaov, adulterina littcra, and Dionysius mentions that some poets had written whole odes without itt. Sce Diversions of Purley, Part I. p. 96. +t Analytical Essay. Y"Essi nal és doiyyns Woes Cras troiev.—Sect. 14. The Ofieutals write for a trial of skill, poems which they all gazels, from which one letter is entirely vanished, "The Persian poet Giami hearing a gazel, in whiqh there was no A or Elif, said it would be better if the poem had-no letters at all.LOpv APPENDIX. *f, but when after v is made D. Thwu Vike the Latin 7, and never the d; for Tavraros was speli Tantalus ye Romans, not Tandalus, ard Antonius was rendered by the Gkedks RS pers. Y= FE, or Ys in little. The real fX¥s of this vowel it is difficult to determine. The Eras- mians, and the best living authority for solving questions in Greek archeology, hage preferred the French accented w*. Dgsfew (to grunt), drordys sey (to how]), and xoxx28 (a cuckoo), .are words iv which the sound was the rypresentative of the sense, and could no! have been pronovced aftr the mauner of the modern Greeks. = a labial aspirate xetween F and Ph. The latter, according to the opinion of Priscian, was the real pro- ion of the ®; for although the Greeks, in spelling Latin words in their own characters, made use of it to represent the I’, yet they could, in fact, not utter the sound of that letter. Cicero says that they were unable to pronounce the name of Fundanius. The Erasmians thought the F and ® were the same. [ shall not plunge into the labyrinths of the Digamma, nor attempt to examine the pretensions of I, &, V, or W, to the sound of that lost character. nunci: X = CH; sounded gutturally in the manner of the Jews, the Welsh, and the Florentines. Pronounced probably in the same way by the ancient Greeks. = PS and BS, "The ancient sound of this letter is preserved in the Romaic: i? pbs and “Aga, are the Greek psalmus and Arabs, * Analytical Bisay, p. 22.APPENDIX. 161 to in his Cratylus and Pt rysits of Maliearn deus, Aristotle setts, assert that it difrs but that thi. dificreites was sulfciently d Nero's jocose saying of Claudias, 7 Ty ies, and fron only , nay be foun inter pProducta prima sytlaba jocabatiw,” op the words of Suetonius*. ‘Lhe w was like our doublee in moor bi, Dog in quantity; observed bs pices de , ” The Diphthougs. AL= i. It should be observed, that if these eAabinstiAs of vowels had been distinguished in writing only, ard not inyfroumeciation, theit With respect name wouldhave been dé: raphs, lo the AL, Terentius Scaupus, in his Treatise ox Orthography, says that the ancient Latins wrote the diphthoug with an 7. Ennius, Lucretius, Martial, and tven Virgil, have the af instead of the @. Moschus, in his epitaph on Bion, mentions that the hyacinth ain is marked with @ di, Sind this flower is striped with bla ¢ P Veins, n of grief is nearly the same in all languages, and has a strong similarily to the ai, but. none to the @. Mai became Mua, not Mea, and gave the sound to our May. The English, in reading Greek, pronounce this diph- thong correc! . representing the two vowels, Now the interjec AY = AV, before 2, 7, 3, 3% m ¥ 2, and AF before 9, x, &, 7, : TOY ‘This diphthoug was something similar to the av, as it ix pronounced by the Ttaliaus. Aristophancs represents the backing of a dog by ad, a. The Latins put aula and autstcrus for duaq and dysxgbs, and tlie * Lib, vi. iu vit. Ner. Claud, Cres. cap, 6u1062 APPENDIX. Grecks wrote Kadudiog Paierog for Claudius Faustus, and sfataog for Ptiulus. It has been objected, that, according lo Cicero", the word Ca meas sounded to the‘ears of Crassus at Bruudusium; like Cave, ne, “as; but Mekerchus getg.over the difficulty, by asserting that the Latin V ecusonant was like our W, so. that Cauneas and Cave ne eas, » ore uot very dissimilar. . Kl= EK. Pronounced as the ei, an egy, in Flanders, and the French ci in plein. It ca mot be the same as the i in sound, or Cicero, in bis letter to Papyrius Peetus+, would not have said that the word Bivz, the imperative of iweiv, cotre, had a, different sound from bini. An cpitaph, of c’ght line. discovered at Rome, shows that the old Romans spélt their ong J with EJ. EY = EV, before 8, 7, 8, $. 0, a ¥; p, and EF, before 9, x, &, =, Ce a . The English pronunciation of 12 uu, ‘approximates to, but docs not entirely represent, this diphtliong. Edgog, Tedrovec, and "EuZéBing, were in Latin, Eurns, Teutoncs, and Eusebius, nog Evros, Teftoncs, and Effsedius. OL=E : Like the oi in the French soin and besoin, conscqueatly pro- nounced correctly in‘ the English schools. Had # been otherwise, and like the Romaic of, how conld Strabo have spelt Boii, Boia? Tf i and of had been sounded alike, there could haye been ‘no contro- versy. respecting the old oracle— ; Ges Aegianog morcuog xo Xorpng an are. Ror according to the modern Greeks, the words Dorms and rspets, + De Div. lib.'it. $ Lib. ix, Epist, Pam,APPENDIX. 106: are not to be distinguished from cach other in corimon specch. It must be owned, however, that the whole strength’ of th ‘gument lies in the word dvopdeSa , used by Thucydides* ; cor fi debate had gonc to inquire how it had been writécn, the whole fact would tend to the contrary side of the question, oY = OO. At was as we read it, and like the same dipht! aus in our word plough. The Latin U represented the two letters 0 «tid u conjoint C and Tullius, Junius, Brutus, were written Tx Martianus Capella spells conticucre by xovrvesnge. [The Latins also, inconverling thaproper names Avxfoyog and Waeragfoy into their own characters, made them Zycurgus and Pryvarchnt Hgw this diph- thong came to represent the Latin v, may perh. sps be undesstood by sounding the two letters rather distinctly i iit Oudiezenv and Ounréggios, according to our method ef reading, whieh will thea come very near to th ou arrone, warrone, &c. YI rec of the 5 Eunos, Bestog. ‘This was pronounced as in the French: huile, and had the vocular sound in our word wheel. If it had been like o and et, which it is in the modern Greek, it would not have been reckoned one of the three diphthongs called xaxddavor. Ivy = EV and EF, according to the rule, for AU and EU. Sounded as in our schools, as far as respects the separation of, and the hiatus between the vowels. If qv Nad been like ev, there would liave been no change in making zjvxduqy from tuxopou.” ‘The same observation may be made of or. In order to render the sqund of the Italian ce and ci, oF our ch, the modern Grecks make use of 72. + Lib. ii, page 81. 6u21064 APPENDIX, In addition to the above account of the Romaic pronunciation of the letters, it is necessary to add, that for the pronunciation of the words, ot in order to read after the manner of the moderns, no other rule is required than a strict observance of the accents, the presence or absence of which, determines what we call the quantity of the ayllables, in s.:2 ern Greek ; and it should be also mentioned, that sthe three accent, have the same power, and are not to be distin- guished from each other in the recital-either of verse or prose. The use of the aspira e is equally obsolete with that of the long vowels, An example will convey the clearest notion of the manner in which the best scholars of modern Greece read the first poet and father-of their language, The a in tc following words, is t8 be pronounced like that letter in ase, Ménin icdthe Shei Peleiadtheo akelios “Oolominen é meré akwvés Alge athckg Pollis «’ ipthémoos psekis aedthe proapsen. Erdone; aftods dé clorea tévke kénessin Aonase te pase. Dthedse d’ eteléeto voolé. Without entering into the controversy started by the younger Vossius, in his book de cantu Pocmatum et bus Rythmi, or go- ing the length of that, scholar, and Heaninius, in decrying all those Accentual virgulw, which do not quadrate with the natural quan- tity of the syllables*, we may with safety assert, that the ancient Greeks, whatever'attention they paid to their rgoraBia, tohes or cle- cations, Cid not read the first lincs of Homer as they are written above. {In a short account of the late Professor Porsont, 1 find that he was of opinion thate Mr. P. a modern Greek of Salonica, » Primatt’s Defence uf Greek Accents, p. 408. Sce Foster on Accents, Introduction, page vi, and page 113. + London, 1808, printed by Baldwin.’APPENDIX: 1065 uho had also a considetable knowledge of ils ancient language, “read Lomer so as to-preserve both accent and quantity, p. 1 Auy ision of that great authority would be reckones oracular; but having: inquired of one or two persons full as likely to have£ollected these delached §ybilline leaves as the author of -the pamphlet, I have reason to think that Mr, Porson did never apprg,e' of the Ro- maic rules in reading Greck. Mr. P. of Salonica 1 haye-never seen : he may have adopted a new method, but Mr, Psallidy of: Ioannina, whom | suppose to be equally versed in the language) I have heard recite Homer, and exactly in the usual manner of ll the modern Greeks, One might think it sufficient to settle, thejquestion; that ‘Tzetzes, who has given inehis Chiliads au a Jamestable proof of the abuse of accent, was sensible of the depfavition of the language, and openly lamented the-barbarism of his uy corruption of pronunciation and metre, in the introduction to his iambic pocin—zeg! raidov aywyigs. Now itis clear that the strolling des <, in regard to the uitse of which he complains— « perng ceyugrridas ‘Li ryy mador By Spav A rng how, would never have existed, ifaecent had not prevailed over quantity to a degree not known by. the ancient Greeks (who admitted no such verse ), and that consequently the present practice is of a compara- tively latef date. - But of this point [shall say a few words i in another _— : ‘The present Heilenic scholars, although they are equally able with Tzetzes to write verse according to all the@rules of metre, yet they do not, like him, acknowledge the errors of their recitation, nor are at all aware,of that fault, which in fact gave rise to the barba- rous,poctry of the present day. It is not, of cowsse, meant to be asserted, that the true method of reading Greckis understood hy1066 ‘APPENDIX. the scholars of the English or.any other ufiiversity, who, in the re- Gital of either prose or verst, prove, at least by their own practice, that thc Grecks had recourse in writing to a variety of signs, of which they made no manner of use*. Page 550. If the. reader should wish to see a very different opi- nion with respect to the corruption of the Greek |: guage, he will find it in Primatt's fifth chapter on Greck Accents. Tu page 559 of this volume, [ have stated an intention of giving an extraot from Fartius’s Romaic Grammar, but seeing by the public prints, that a work of a si-ailar nature is about to appear in a volume by itself, and considerit.g also, that those who are curious in such points, may probabiy have’ Du Cange’s QJossary (which contains the Treatise of Portius) in their possession, I have not thought it ne- cessary to complete or introduce any part of the abridgment. At the same time I deem it advisable to insert from this author, a general outline of the change which the language has experienced in passing . from the ancient to the modern Geeck.. Id porro nobis in prasens adnotasse suffeccrit lingua istius corrup- * ‘The accented verse frdm the Antiope of Euripides, i red and black letters, whieh was found in the hollow-ways of Resina, March 6, 17-43, upon a wall on the angle of « street leading to the theatre of Herculaneum, shows how much those were deceived who considered that accents were not introduced until the seventh century, tig tvoo giv Bércvuat ras worrds yFigas- viKde. It is cited by Polybius, lib. i@05, and is in Barnes’ Fragments of Antiope. See Pri- matt’s Defence of Greek Acceuts, p.232. Accents were arranged, and perhaps reduced “fo more certain, rules, by Aristophanes of Byzantium, who lived in the 149th Olympiad, 200 years before Christ, but were not invented, says Primaty (page 37), by that gram- imarian, Isaac Vossidis dates the corruption of sound from jhe times of Antonistys and Commodus.—De Cantu Poem, p. 28, Ibid. p. 267. :APPENDIX, + 1067 tiondm -ac depravationem, ut remy leviter et quasi per transcnnam atlingamus, in co presertim yersari, quod Greci hodierniyliteram pro litera ponant, alias addant, alias etiam adimant, terminationes denique nominum passim mutent, yerbi gratia y. pro 4, ponunt, ut in yd, pro did, prov. ut in rugaynigew. KE, pros. ut in vadvog,, spice panos, pro Eins, xpidivig. Z. produplici r. aut o,- ut in ragdgew, aandgew, H. pros. ut in rovdixds. A. pro p. ut in [adpa, Ooiaud. Z. pros. ut in mrelpakig. &s. pro a, ut iv Beneoplher, et similibus, 0. pro utin didpAorg. UL. pro ¢.*ut in gardry. fel pro. ut in lumdivev. BP. pro aA. ut in dopa, Hephererg. T. pro 3. ul i in Glave. YT. pro. ul in dvogvery. vel pro g, ub in dspabew pro 4 p&d lev, Wars, pro t¢facs. VY. pro ug. uttin doSactig, pro \piacuory. Kadadunt et inter- serunt literas, 7. fn warsdyeiy, xalyer, Eppyvevysiy. YL. in orepedesy, te- ashe, pro orepeiv, renciv, N. in Gégvaw, wdpver fdandldvey, &e, WD nuit literas, ut in Basa, dia, xpin, mvfunvas, wélepns, comalvery, Boer vortyey, va, pro BAknun, adele, upsin, rvevpev, mévIepos, crwmaivery, éEa- sartysy, Iva, &e. Jam vers quoad terminationes, varid ila a G imntautur, Masculina.in ag, efferunt in ag, ut Oavadldg dicunt pro gaunaig. Adjectiva in aayg, in epg terminant, ut pr& pwhddys, bad- Bis, xamvding, podspds, brileghs, xamvdlepty dicunt. Masenlina in xs terminationem ab accusativo mutuantur, ul dépeg pro dja. Mascu- lina substantiva in wy, interdum ‘ex dativo formantur, ul in dyddu, pto derby: interdum, ex dccusativa, ut in dsdvag, wveipovec, pro dudy, cis arveupiiye Masculina. in a&, v8, wy, as, et alia quinte declinationis nomina- tivun ab aveusativo plurali mutuantur, ul in wivaxas, Adpryxas, ia og, vel in ay, Pwras, daguaivas, yiyailes. Masculina adjec! sepe in, agns terminantur, ay in paplagns, “droxproiaeys, Dyrpomdons vel @ évog, ut in Eurdvios, cilapéviog, xptbapévies. Quadam inaseulina - in ‘og, ex terlia eb quarté declinationc noninativum habent desinentia in MBs, ut oyovdxs, Prboaptarty ruyvdens, Spud, 6 fois, yovelldxen,1003, APPENDIX. Femiiina in, ins terminantur ut in dgoyy. qua in drys aemiual honfinai'vuu habeut ab accusativo, ut in Qavacdyra, aeagetfa: «ti vero in‘y, sape ins deflectunt, bin xan, regedued. vel in por, ut oxddiner, xdeney, Seorpov: aut nominativow ab accusative .desu- munt, ut in davalda, xovida, Parte. Neutra in ov desinunt ins ut in ipyasiizs, oxemdon, drsipr: vel in w, ut in orydpw, yeptxw,&e. Dimi- ivain ruts ferd semper efferuntur, ut in dyfierQrxds, pro iadyzing: denigue adverbia in ws, in & etiam desinunt, “ut in dyad, pro aysieg, &e, mu ECCLES‘ASTICAL GREEK. Meletius Account of Albania. 1H AaBavia, tro a A’gBavirle xuviregov Neyopden, elves vy Auren'e Mégig rig Maxshoving, omy dvopainlay raBoioa amd ray A'rBaveiv, oi bmaint dev atu viv fv re Nolin, dda xordyovron dx yévaug Kerrinod, of troios Gadov xe yhvous viov Taruguby, dg tives cloves, bur? x rdiv M’AGnviy tug tay Lamvyhiv rig Pramas, cra a& duriiy dByrav cig rb Aupsdyior, xaxsilien dueomdgnrav. Teac roy dragiQpuivras xard piv rb odvegoy rig dow prdelong Aorpaciag, wardens dmb roi Aadpuuies, 7b toon Fron mort Tiong psydny, abras. psrd viv Kéamev rod Keleago, xard ryy A'xgo- Yaracciay dye. Nvriagor, xonds Ayvribag, Wears work pd Ogdvry Nexsemioxdrov, cig roy toi dmeriany vide Wixlaxorn. O'rayinny, ro aaolay modregay Exadeiro Koryiney, xa) ralga Aorrgin, Kalsgoy dyugiy, jet Anpbon xoognrixdy. 2 ras sadry TH Widnes xad Aiuyn, ris imoiag oF opaxgdy xeiras AgiBagoy. wrqotey roti Agsivon Ulorauad, § imciog yiverca tig viv Xow Tor, Mes 2} Aiawéronss wb Ogdvov E'irxtmov, xosydig reyopiéry Agswadde, Opdvov Ermoxérov tyes xal -3 AgiBasov. aibriee ad Tdaeig euglexevrau dd rmy tbe . Meadycios 88 Téneig raubryg tlves Nucddge, rnviig Exodrays. magebeer-AUPENDIX. L069 olay Ta Tabgnay, ro 38 Wyzpdvos, irae rai Maoik & @gdvos elvpu cig xr Lxodrags, xod abros aj [eres slvar rig words Prrugvog, Thy drow xwelter dad rig Maxsdoving & Agstrav Uorapic, Acyipevag xnwiig Agivo, eig 74 Gols Th cde maganerros > Awards Tléas, 4 xoi E’aurods, xouveig asyondry Matoow, ind ry Lourlav siiv Tosgxcov, ad bry olen sig viv soyelryy draxwenow Toi Tarugunes Kénwov, doris xowdg ntyerou Kénge a Ageive. Wdregas 38 xard 73 peodysiov, elvas Lerdgnuwrov, xowiig Serariver, @rgutiaun, xowiis Adyvo, stabs rig ExiBgas xal rE Byrapsvroy eves xdusvov. maryoley 73 O'ndars .O”gug, 73 sxoiov xomnig nykeon Tlamatdgos, rou Hdasig wort, 3 Erxneagia xal vb Wyaueliiny. cvueraby 25 Been ‘awvng xo 75 Tavudeoy ray Uorapeiv; redy 3 Txawig TW hrapeds. 3. Th Auruxty Tag Sardoosoy Mégns rig Naxedoving, tb iwcioy dgye- ras at vais Audgoylon, wad ries alg xv Kérudven Uor:, tiv xeogitovra viy Maxsdoviay rig manouds Wareigos, Vauravrid xyzrou, mwegidynoe roby Wavpubras xah vy O'greriba. dxridy ary nod Néx W"xeie0¢, wets Bram Sogdy rig Taraidis Wrelgn, xod Masig Byer rabrag, Auzidyior, xoiveds Anuppdrlo, Tleaig ro marae weghonpos, pd Ogivoy Meytervrsesmes xa) pe Aysdva. txcley airy, perd viv rwow rig Teens, tr, 120., sig Xeo~ ohqaoy, Tig trolag fadlog Suvaras bio bphe vk xomf, ual mrgie FexiBcquvog, xo Erxidcqpvon, cnnd pd rd vd eddy O'seovdg dure deyccddy ached + ixadsire eee ee ee yn te) Loutay’ Soouae sig todg Popains, cody indi tonuslwvev txt Sapvoy, iro él Soniav piaxioy. 6 opaxgdy cadens ciokoyeras Lover vd wyybvouy ryy, drduacay A dg ayy Odrarcay § Marsares Ulor:, xoiviis Aeysusvos migvasta. Kel Boia, of iwola ray Hag Sualuv iro, tysra Ogos 78 durd dvbparns, xownidg Adyerou Kesia, Wenig’ raviv cryorehoura, xa dyugd, dugionoydin xard ab psodyeiov, wrnalov 78 Aiodve Mori, perakd ri Aupiayinv, al roi AcBeigov, 703 viv AgiByn Acyoutvon, ward: i Margy roi megigrjuov Veagyloy Kasgudroy 13 SxevMoprsi, und BL Xarxoxoviniang Keshav radeyy rd tbe. Lldaig peotyziog rv Tauraurlay Frey zort | Xpuooa, raviv xguplinepbrn, xo xomdiy reyoudyy A’AdBa. werd bv Taviroy Tor: siade- eras aig 7h Pénoy Tibaayas & AMYos Tori, xowiis Kee 6x but Asysusveg. usrd1070 APPENDIX, dtiroy Tee UWgyns, Udnig sort Magaanaraia, nad ward ro peodysiov Frm Terndvriy, xowis raviy Tapeoolrta, 4 xax’ dang, Movoayla. 30 07d opangdy roi Usyyny aie: & Kevouods Tor: nel pera soliroy 6 Adiog Lats, xowniig Aeyspaves Bosiioor, byyby roi balay Fray af AircAnens vices” xoswitg raviv [Wario xgnpsiopdin, Udaig work duvopeordery, serio pe Kogn lov xa). Keguugaiev, roti Morapots piv dmbyoura Sradlong Rena, rig 8 Oardeons 6U., HQuer ary cig rag credits rev yoappdrer, sig rv xaughy +3 Kalqages: Sev alg duryy gay durdg § Kaloag O'xrduies, ving dv, dg je Direws. cig duryy éxdgarsev xa) deyuod voplopara, cx duriig dgyerar j Ktyuarla Bg, wal rereurd pbyge voi Ego Hor, xc) av Kubinnwy, cig xde Mi soy Exo sinyy. aig ray Xagay rev A'mo?.- Poviardy sivas wérgn the, 71 avabiiniion, Nup@aiioy xarepetvr, Sm dv’ given floor xrvagi Mogdarrov, xawopsrns we elds rig Baroy + GdAridos. peta reg ExBords rH Adon Mor: Eas A'vrdy, Torig waga’)a- angle, xol Waiveiov mort, xarsiros xovdy Nuadves, xal imd rdiv Pra ney Burdva, viv exugleuray of Béveros dy Ere 1690., Eira per’ babyoug ne ey ns . t. yoy, Le pias, Mog Iévrig bed vax Todgxev, xal xynprloavres duriy xardrumen. par durty irav Was ragedarnacala rév WrAquseras 7 Bovarls, wirmey & ube Vue ra Nyy xa perdysig 7a *Aupa, xadeion dx’ Wadpav cov, dutty rivdy olovrat vee Fives ra Kavi, Wdaug warty roi Murdvog iugiornopery xard 7d prerdyciov, wa Arno vd Ewe aj Xerwdsbo, Gan’ dea réovran, Bri an’ ewig} Xepdiia, dmeyer 2. Miasa. rig 33 O'gesting Frev A Npavria, Tory ragadaracola, 4 .rasiiy Atyeras Uigro Paya peradh 7 Nuramg, xn) 1% Deine, bv opangdy raiv Mxgoxzgewloy O'edi. dpakeng ec) dary Mpavrice duriig Fro Meodyens, Aeyyeten nods A’Bdsue. denpdyrav aires ai Tdaes dvd ry Madvreoy rey ee) rv Wmagivoge, of icin perd tiv drwowy rig Tewhlog, didnoay dig rhy HW reigov, xa) rensu- raiey xardnnray obras rods rérovs, megh rd N'xgrnegaiua Oven. clrn Xcqu sry Ovesly ders 705 Ogésou, 76 xaraguydyras fag rSrov thy rhrov. renrsuraioy Evie 6 Kéqutvog Wor: Boris eos 1 ray O'gesioa rig Maxptn~ viag, dwd rig Marcuds Watica atyzras xoiwig Brog Nanvinn,APPENDIX. A071 4. Tadeng rig Exagying pactycin Tires, agd cds énelops, toon xai adiras. Nadavérarss, | Myrgimons wort riiv NaBoviiv. Acar) Tero, Uenuos, viv BY Mogderdiv Wénsig Frwy, oi Saapmeis, viv ixolav twig abe yours vis Fives rh Benddayon, reyosden ind roy Toscuay A'gvmobr Mare ‘mi Aeyedd, Weng rersiysopérn tad rig xogudiis swig Bavoii, pt Ogivey E' oxdmon, andor B rdyouow, Bet of Saemparsig vd Hwa HSrodyya, wad vd Berdiayon ved Ewes of Aeuxd Uéron, Aavala, migssoves onrl, Bet arn Arumardn, Tdaug svopash, xat Mumdgiy dudrrpov. ArBojot, g Aagdoon xard civ Marériny, xe dnnas, weg) réiv roi bv ra weod vee Sven 7 Li ows Maxsiovlag iyaiinsy. tasty Guus dig trative 68 aon Eves Wlortopare dxos~ 17d, Borximons, Vyierga, xal ra nord. 4 ROMAIC, ° THLE HISTORY OF THE FIRST OLD MAN. AND TIE STAG, From the Tr: uslation of the Arabian Nights*. SOREAGY, jan Ko THY Exery 1 enosbog ire Snewire, Aayet & yeoey yToy porepavayxa ely yovaine pw ovtay H3', youvey, xa shy pasirys Term ayTe Yous Ywgly va aMoxTIATM psy xavEvA Texvov. UAN syw exuvTas eriMumiay die Tsxve, ayWgATA PIE) OXAUZAY, PE THY ETOIAY UTOKTYTE svoey viov, tov bxoioy jyumare tvmbuyws,* nau tray & bean eParey sy yeoveg Judexa Tyg Wmiag Te, 270 dia xamoay ps uvayxataly ITMETEy LEAH avrag va pievow sig eve THEI paxguvor, caine Trav Siow yet Has THY wflega re dig ray Emioxsliy ters Trg pwvetneg pt, cooTaseilas THs eg THY wo ame To rabt= Meyer Thy Kan eg THY TeGERUMT THY T7g, cong ime ve emia ntuation is exactly ic * 'The accents are omitted in this specimen, as the Row similar to that of the Ecelesiasticn! Greek, and it was found Asitlieult matter to print trem correctly fram any London press.1073 ACPENDIX. diov, aA’ 7} yuvaina pa, ims rye Aader Provoey, mits xo Cyrsay evavliov alg TOV Sioy pus MOL ets THY aTega TH, aT TOV puoEYBOY od cuvTy dupe TOD roomey dia. va wangwon ray exSdunian Tg, edo eg THY payEeny TeYrD, uous 81g ODtyov xougov THY Epaddey? e1y TooY dra js aula THY moyeray epéla~ paggusre Tov pay diov px dis poryagiv, Tyy Os piflega tH eg ayerndav. emeira. xoakes tov Sevyaryy pw xaos Aeyer Ta. te cw magadidea rasyy Tye ayeraday pe To poryagiov Trg, bia va ta Quratys ebm tig ro xoguv die ZXyuay re ocmiTsB,, xola THy TagayyeMay Te audavros ge. Oray equpicalya axe ro Takin js, egevyra nas egwryoa de Tov Sioy es, nou die Foy perflega Ta wyy cxAGBaY mH, we elves, jeov amoxgidy 7 quvaixa pa, iri ilps oxraPa sorodaver, 68s diog ps eyes Sumy roRIg oxsdov «paves, wa spaty owe ro rar, ywess va weugy ere aury Th eyivey. sy@ cig TeTovay eyo eraBov peyarry Aviyv dia, tov Yavalov rng cxrajas. dix ds rov diay eraBor xamaiuy ermida magnynging, pyrwg xas cov Eavasttun arAL pera @& panvas ePYars wou To Mraigeps Yogic ve Aakw xqyepsar evinow dio Tov iuov pe. Tore ewagnyyeina Te Ceuyyre pov ve pe Peon THY mae rayvlecav ayeraday dia va ty Suorurw eg Koopman. § Levynrag erdygeors Tyy wgadlayyy fu, xu ps eGege THY ayedaday, % irom yrov 7 oxraPa. ws cig exeiwyy Tyy mogGyy. PBrerw Tyy aysdaday va xAasy, aL vO xOpY xamole xiIvqwaTa, bre pes ETEQaXIVATOY sg evTMAAYZNAY Gia vo Hy tay Suriace. arr’ yi yuvaixe pov ie yrov magoy, euerayergiody xe Thowev xas mavegyiay, cig Toroy ome ws exclameios vn wgodlagw TEAos mav- tev tov Cevyrlgy die ve tHy Suciaey* To droioy xou exuper & Sevyytyg. arn’ ag’ a ray nogakey esis To TES: movoy xas Ta xoxxaAa, we oAoy dws EDasvilo mora mayen. sroy Aowwoy THy ida sroianauyyy, emgoclaga tov Sevynrry Fie. ve pou Gegn ye xarovy xaos TaXY mogyagioy ya Yuoiacw, xab AUTOS [Le caGnge Tov dioy pe gig TO oY NMA Te por yauge. Tero, oTs pe eidey evddUG Wug~ pyoe, xo emece cig Tes Todas pe AByxesfoilag xou xrcnovras, coay va mere Yo Be Pavegwoy mes evo dog pe, xou vor wy Tov Qavelwoew. eyw aro poy egdlleginyy xivyow Ts aiparos eraBov Toon cuwraYelay KON evETAGYYHAY, ie amopacire vee din Quoiarw, rorev 7 Guois pov exivyoe THy xaghiav. APPENDIX, 1075 nig Te Sosyans, 2 anang, bate reign eo Louyyryy Bin vere y: 194 rIT@ Heat Vee part Beg, LURIM. 7 YUOUNn Bs epeTaysaiTdy TaTxg Ton fe hia ve pe udlarnon ve to Sorvere Bie tore, hums eyw rads wradiges ug try qempeny per, THs deurysr yy dud ro exyapsvey Memigaus, Bee ve esen, Vyy cone any Yyeriny axe Tyy enyTY % per, waa ne y= Nev & Seuynry Teas Gite ye pan bpsRy oy, eat vee er Cruvegeonn Me SHI, mL DEyeh [LBs rosdevty, sXe sey Duyarsen, be eocrodopBaver Tay preysvay, xu ey- Deg tray siisy farm syagurn orures v0 puryngiy xecbes jue eens $, TowToy Aer, Mal oT ERAT MOL THY SQUT YT Try weTILY, sere pest stTED ire rare r9 po yreginy sive 6 Sung rea audbevrog pang, Gx a puvaiee TA KU % » ne % a pans TH SMETAMATY Ely PAT YK, HAE THY [27% ure Yooanen, din to ve ro side Covravy, emeire exranon bie Tyy are, bm Susie dy. : syytay, ererEa ev) Kiyo axnwvras eave Noyice rumen roy Bs 5 Bia va edu roy toy pes toy wyaariagin, Tov GirM, bcos aytng dev eh 0 van pas cD eq. xenBo wus rye Yuyersga re Leoyyra, ry magaahw, xae Ts Take dhe ps Te bTaGyOvTd, ay TTY ve sTALIGOTy TAY bin [LX EIg THY TIQWTTY TR 0eDTY. XML CUT Y PM corcHgihy, ATE Hogs, ak stvo ETON yo 7H news, eos ps Buy Omveye n§ haven Thy estoy gy TovesTs, Hye vey pea Suny duce avders, xan ve rg dam erevidsguey Bin va cimmonay, exenny, ome Tov EeTapngtumey sig TaTaOY TXZEM* xas sym THY Hors yn KO TH doe Syrnparn. Tore aury ernfdey ive ayyziov gov, emaye sig To bwrowoy eis KomoVe Royia puTTine EMEITA ysoavras mong TO BAT YROI, TH EITEY, W LOT YaAGIOy, AviTMs KO cITOU GuTine MAYdivey TeTOINy, xeon; Tage Pavern, vor amopeys wavrare TETOINV, cide py weer evras eoVecaeog peroporGepsvos ei preyagin amo Texvyy payinyy, os mEurragm js rT0 To vegoy ya Aaldys Ty Guoinyy oH LOROY, Xa TO EIdoC. ML AzyoUTUS MUTE To Royle Te, syuTEY Exavo To ov. te Sayparag ev tw hue susra Hoghory eg Thy wewryy Te avSowmivyy poodyy. xi DAEmmvTy yen THY ayeryToY pe inv, TOY ayXAAIaOA, TOY EGIARTH, HEL HTH THY YroAY BH evi anddes eG adre. ereita evug enerapogdiore ry qevrcinm fan ig TH Gy1074 APPENDIX. ’ Thy THY EhaGoy, ire HAETETE* wos THTe THS TO EQnTHTU eyo GE Ya poe evan Tog aryrey. pera raure travdgeura Tov Siow pen pus THY xogEY Te Seuyyrs xara ty trorxyeow wa. xou pst’ oAsyoy xaigov dra eouvelsy TH G18 pos xs exrgevrer, cevrog ewsoeuoey erg Tab iDiov, xaos iwg rage emeyaruy Toro Xeovor, xo xgppIAY EdyoY pam Aapavwvras d+ avrov, amogacion va diaPw sig Gra@ogus Tames aig avagnTyg Ta. was ATY eVejMITTEeUELEVOS 1g GAAOY THITHY THY YUVOIKE fas THY EAMPaY, THY Degen ease jas oH Oaye. aur, Aowroy sive 7 Lorogia pu, xo TaUTYS THS EAAGH. Tg Trg PasveTas, Sev eives puse Torrogin Savory xs wagadokos; Asyes to Tercoviov. extty troy co Bixcsov Ba ramov Bie yagi ce, xagiSeo Eve rerrov aro To eyx?7 [4% Te wgaypareuTEs ‘ EuSug 6 deureghs yegeoy owar eiye TH Bum oxvdia eyugios ogog To Teru- viov, xai TH Asyer. Derw me oe dinyySw exeive, dre ecavey perakv ex xan Fetwv Tov Bum exurwy, xa eros BeBasog, ori Serer Pay, wAsov Nav- pacswrega amo exeivyy ite yxeres* ‘AAA bray ce'agson, pe yagifers To Beuregoy Teirav Tyg TULTANsIAs TY DeaypaTeUTE; Asyer To Terwviov. e~ Aw cs xapss To Syrype, xan agyirey 6 dsuregos yegwy erg Tov axorsloy TE0- mov... AAW 7] Xarupe tray cide wreng exrnoiarey 7 cng, ime 4 Saoireue EMSAs ve tray Eig To WeorxuVNBAA TH, xO eTEITE E1g To TUpLSHALOY, AGYTE iy dyno. Ff irae Torey exiryses THY ceguegyeiay Te Barircws, WoT: fare emtyueovras va axmrn 10 Teas, aeBans roy xeigow ies ug Ty sgzzots my augiovaiuegav. Breravrag 6 BsSugns tov Baoirec, tre Bev rov gaara Ber xeree rov vopov dia Qavarwory ray Karipay, dgirxero cig piny drregBo~ Aixny Yagay’ dows xai 7 Gapsria Te. GAor TH TaraTIa, Kas drag b Aces waiving exarens, xs Ooornagey ony peraormy pry Gevgavres Hv cutie’,arr DIX. jo 7 ‘The following specimen is the conclusion of a romance, entitled, UNFORTUNATE LOVE, IUSTORY THE SECOND, OF A CORCYREAN DRAGOMAN OF ‘THE VENETIAN EF. CONSTANTINOPLE. : ASSY AT ‘The young man, it seems, is decply in love with Choropsima, whilst Mairam is deeply in love with him. ‘The parents of Chorepsima asc in opposition to every arrangement. Mairam does her utmost to persuade Andreas that Cho ropsima is false, and has been seen talking (oa young man, the son of a rich Armenian: both she and Andreas are sick at hyeart with their passion. Mai- ram sends a letter in verse, with which the spesimen opens: Andreas rejects it with scorn: she dies, after singing a song. ‘Che Dragaman’s servant relates, that, passing Choropsima’s door, he heard the inusic of a marriage-feast : this throws him into fits; but recovering, he sings or rather murmurs some verses, and frinting away, expires, without husing sacrificed to Venus or her son, Choropsisna resolves to live single; and the whole concludes with ey and an anathema against hard-hearted parents. TW Meigeye Se evdug dre of yea aveqagyoey, aropace 70 axcrwdov for Baran: wos rov Toerery Avdgen Wuyrpa Kop Avigca! Ay Gev mong xqueva, AumyoA xav cuever, me Ya oe seco Kau dev sx! araroy Ginoy, misov nadie oo Oyac:, va Beprsngevddo. LI xay rov auroy oe, AuTATH povayos oH, me Sa pe yogis dye. Kas dev exeis xaveva, misyv cioay epcve, va macnyoor se1076 APPENDIX: My yiveoas aria, pa xadage piria vo cexopaxgur ty Tiers amuruyxavess gov Torey smovay Raviis, nau eras? Aurysy. Avro soyacs pevov, mw Tyg Ewns tov xeovor, bray esg To eng, Exyw va sev wegarw, eyw bray os xarw, ps sevaypss 0821s. Aviows xas-yuogikeis, ors r0 vrayiavrigeis, pera yagas ¥'ey10, Aeyw to mexgeopsvoy, ef yrov yeygappsvoy, “vu wayen vo muy. AQ 8 de ro ererhermoe Te eberwoe xan er fs averoui'sy orsyay xztssvy Tay xruvny GAY THY yuxTaA. To bs meet sUdug xQaber Bie Tyg Pugusoas THs THY YEITOVITTAY KO THY AeYEl, Wagaxarw, pyTeea Uw, Serw oe petvy bro~ Hesws, ay ps xonsauro, dmeda ce cimw. were, Rogy pe, Tyg agrxgIveE~ ras % yerromooa, weeps. of Meigey ov Tyv eyes, eyo yxera, irr cuyVE- Sas as ro cagays Te mgecBews Tyg Beverias, xor Sev augiBarrw vo perv sEevgng nou rev Meayapavoy 54 xup’ Avdgeav; xf yerrovicwa Tyg amoxgiverns, parca, Tov yrogifn worra xarG. Aosmwoy uyamaran va Tov Bwxng avto To eaParaxs, xa Sgegov ve pe Peyns aroxgiaw. 7 yelrovrra Tyy Asyel, ats Hog 8 OX. GUT EVEL WAR euxoray. xas eThs ence To puBacaxs xo ave Xwgnos Girodeagyrerra tro rns Meigen peyanrws. EaSeoa 86 ij yerroviooa, wagaynpn eg Tov rQerern Avgeav Tov ehuxe ro paPacaxs xas exovrosadyxev. avros Be weguavrag ro paBardxs Kos avie yiwoxwvrag To ext THE HAWS xEILEVOG eBaweonGy ragevdus, Bremwv- rag Tus ewos amo Tay Meigep. Sev v0 eBexire wagevBus Aeywvrag Ty yeI- Tovioray THs Ye fn MaryTy WAeoy aig toy ovday Te xaos Ta avadagn Sie sxsumy, } dro eying meaty cuTia Te Yogioje Te axe THY Xogajpay, = ‘~~? ums re" evSus be ire ide xan nxerev aura i yerovicge /APPENDTX. £077 exgabs nou To ave@egev ora ryv Meigems of Sraia amo ryy Aumny TNE xo arekrisiay eaySupqre, abwarqes, evexgads cyare rag waMhens 75 ira exeinn, ira meres ug amerrnbias, eexer ug f Bugasgarns my, reiBes, ray ragakes, ry Beeyes por Eudsy xou orf qrQev odtyov erg Tov laurov rng xan agyire va ronyedyey ro oKONPIOy jue pale Porgy Toray olyavyy, bre pons yxHETO, Tay’ avdgeomes erin, Ta rere Raurave pa, Ararrnps Bev BiB00, Ta mewra dey reremvev, Oras 7 dueruy ius, Se pave eyevynav, Ta pohoroynneve, Nuon xtes Ex Ma v1 va cuvroxaivo, Bere Sia mauderay, Ojos, © oxANgoFATH, Aske xqv amrayxviay, AQ’ & pe Baranbrs, Kaxia xevorrayyvic, Sronare syv Ewny ps, Kav reSaive paxagt, arD0g aves va. ody, YEO Ko moroUE 18; ouxva moxve Te Oi, sCevug vee Gurgevev, weve eras lorogiaus, qpmgdxrong xo Gavyxay. aryIsvqav oe psva, imoing jus Ty, Bev Brae. mre juorlg cwverrvouven, va boo pe ragawviay. rug Supoy yepary, Os Aoys jus TEASION. Seony v1 as xausbers, dev exev cupPovia. Bev of eyeo say Sixry pos, To yragita ya age, Terciovevras be aura ra Royle mariv evexgendy weireoregay ao To tpco~ roy os Aeyeorras Suw Gogais To ax pe avarrevaypoy ara to Bates Tyg Kag~ diag eyive Juciae sig Tov egivra eheeivy, magaderu To Twa THs TH ANTES THS yn bia tay awroyarray xas yogis ayTamoxgioW ayanny TIS" THY EoyoENTY Be pagan egyeran bBerog ra Dine pas am eEw xou Tov reyes, Toerery are para amo ta omyts Te rherery Yretayaya nas yyra iagtoga pedinn oppave, aoav va eves xavevag yopos. Bev crererciocs To Aoyov | BRog 621078 APPENDIX., xan cvbugemerey & rheremy Avdgcag aig Aermabuyiay, evexgeuly OAdg oro THY ees a oroxafouevos, ort wAcov 7} Xogabima re ameraker. 3, deang Be resyes, tov TeiPsr, Tov omxcovel, Tov Aysyer, xou prrig sduvyfy va ery Arsyov 1g Tov Eaurov Ta. eiraDs agyiore.ve TEayeiney, y MAAAIY vo Exe ve papngioy To axoreboy, To wyyerixoy ca nfog, + pe xaryvrycey eg Bubog, Kas rw oravaypay ro wansos ps nOavce ro ornbos. H Sonps ew’ a. prubos . wepewva vengog aig AiBos. Ay! aytay! = — — Se | Glavra ro xogusp’ ragaber, camo nae puryov vain” Kar 8 egg ps renpates, » Savaroy evdug ps Tages, Kale oo paria ps dager ray xeghiape cay dgmages, Ay! ay! ayi — — — = — ee Try xagdiayee oqy xe purnoas ray Ts waboctyer 5 Kou aury amermiopirn; xf an’ roy egeata xopes: Av ieuger v1 ve yevn, To NEgepl oe Teo pEveL, Aylaglay! — — = -e eo Kat ag’ & ro ersdsuurey, ewere mari erg Aevrobupinv, xu fam avTog TH Srhe exer ve tov [oor Snon, xarerure tov Brey 2 eAssiving wats TH AGgodiry, pyre rep bun r7g Quriay menceveyxwv. ; Vay egyoperry Ba ripsgeey ro epite xan b rRenemn Sremaveeyeg wou f xog7, TA xan .psrevmoc ime Bev emgorafoy ro meceypa. oj Xagnbe be xare- weANa eX reita Oaxguuma. arr’ eg paryy’ emeidy, va Tov Pundyoy, macov Gey nprogursy’ erg avrapeisyy be Tyg Marys TH ayamNS OmEPATITE vo BéIYy, xra aury miary, axe: Devers amopevyeoa nals egw’ iar arfs xt TH rove SrmcupeveL, 60" cyIyxaw marys Yaous xau evdyacuvys, xou Marrs soon Trg Winyg die tov siete egwra, bare sIYOV, xa eyWwaw magalerypee paces xulagas pav ayurng eis Tog big xu Siryarteas, xaxe be Peyriparos Tor » qrvseiy, ob Savant Teoxgavay coy havgroy Tad’ biwy rag rev Derr Roupnviny.APPENDIX. }079 islossary of some Words in thé Specitnen of a Romaic Romance. Pafaraxt, a note; rgerern, Mister, Signior; Eemurrygevdw, I make manifest; vrayarriZes, thou sullerest; Byfarroa, a nurse; yexrongoa, a nei ighbour; meope, tell me; cacays, the palace; ds, vinega ravat, i.e. wé sivas, Where.are; yeparn, full, filled; exoaars, bid fare- well; orqri, the house; xaravryzsy, has reduced; xoguip, my bedy; vats, allection, movement; rage, promises. —_ The title of the book. containing the Romance, is.as follows : «The Effects of Love, or Ethicocrotic History, with Political Songs. Put together in the vulgar dialect for the gratification and delight of Young Gentlemen ; and ded ated to the Most Noble Ar- chon, Magior, &e. &c. Stephen Yannoviki—Vienna, 1792, From the Hellenic Press of George Ventote.” 7 ROMAIC E€HO SONG*. AP yd mips saya mole, AY beeiva 1) maudion O'nd flrre KuTigus, sairiais ts naSe pigos 5 (E"P0) Thy’ danSea tiv innive, aii of wUSa ray B’AAtrer, Q's Section roy Alyay wh Dede cuyraraartyer 5 (aéyss) * That the metre of this song may more’ distingtly be seen, it lias been thought ad- yrable to insert the aceeuts, although, for the reason betore given, those marks are omit- ted. in thy, Romie specigiens of any cousiderable leugth,1080 Me O55 Bduanyiiine fdven AYpioye of xgokenttn, Tdvrore vet pis weeps, Elves xi daan supannia, HY ded ated u_uplee, Tole i ated sled om, Tad va pdSuv lv govia, Kab aided giv rugenie, O'rd méaros BY Mgr, Kal woien acerpopoy vd tyr, Toco dni vt Seupey, Tiga wits toe sinew B’awaiess ty meis toa, Na é sigs daexgidn, Biguc Atyar udu x01, APPENDIX. Se adres in od eqn vale agate og ply Sai ee, ai x09" dmonciuvis, : (xduves) thy axded bu nontin nad word div souylee, xat xeipéreon masse, shy oiangérnra Solas (usia) mravraxi paviguel rm, maces noi pSegas yorte, (via) al Als vdign cuvreopiav, vat ply lng nds portggne | * (xn) id 0d Hpamogs varrig Sa" ds dvasendty ° (ifn) Ben mebrrgen pad Tygon, tis aby slew ody xa! tho * (ba) _ waguSag irigseynine Mle vite veg vibe” ‘The Romance and the Echo Song are a complete specimen of the modern Greek, such as it is spoken‘at this day, with all its cantrac-APPENDIX. . 1081 tions, combinations of words, and other barbarisms. The following pages will convey a more favourable notion of the style ‘to which the learned of the Romaic writers are able to raise their degraded language. —— THE SPEECH OF PILORMIO. From the Romaie Thucydides. = Bia to FAI Ay Basra roy Goer, «@ aviges oxgaricras, Tov éxolov & : Toy mirspiwv, Tag exgaka dia va cas TAryegogncw, ori Sev mgerer va Go- Pras ra wn akira Gon xadors autos of morsuiot, owroy pay exaidy sv1- xyDyrav monregey wag’ tay, xas ev ravrw exeidy yumgigert kar auros, ore dey exaor TH aura mooregnpuTa meng suas, eromray Tov woruagsdpov Taroy OTOAO, xa dev eronpenray ve sro xed uw, excrrngsopevps me- Giscoregey cig THY orgarimrixny Tin Encas epmeigiavrey, doav va ann povey ig avres 7 avd ereidy vixcwos mornraxig Sev oroyaRovras, rs Sersor xarogQdarn ro io xu sig Tag vanwayiag* Tara jpeg ev Royep dine avqxet Torey megieToregoy xaraL To wagoy els vias, iwoy exewol xavycovras eis Tov worepov rng Engag* (ereidy xara. Thy avBoiay avapdiPorws dev pas iwegregey wavrerws) ovreg Se ixarego: Exaregwy ev BraPognrs moayparsy eAmesgoTEgor, EXEIVOS nEY EIG THY TAXTIXNY THs WeopLaL- lias, ripers Be eis THY emmeigiay THE vaupayias, Eero vee bmregregmpeY 7E05 ro magey eg THY TOAMY. au mgos THTUS of Aaxcderpovior, of dxroio: Bia THY Bia Sokav xo Smoan hy exsos THY Hyopoviay Twy AAAwY cuLpAYOY, Ta Gaxivari Eig Tov morguoy Teg wegiTmoregus jue Biay, Yeugis va avaheySwow Execs tov xivBuvoy* xadors av dev sPiaovro, Sev erorpsoay vor eaIwa ex Seurege eg ToAspov, ev oS evinydyoay mgoregay SG" rmcov xara xeaTog* py Aovroy, py Goer ryv roryny aureov’ wory Be megirooregav xo BePouom recov GoBov meokeveire eves erg autos’ xaSors xai reg evixyoare mguTegey, xo Tgog TaTOIG aroxaovrau, drt Bev yIEdeTE ayTIOTady eg auTEG, ay, dev TA rag mePomaxing® svrey-1082 \ APPENDIX. rporiers ye weiragbeornrs xn uray ex Beurage my voery* exit of megie- corey ray agama, boos xivavras xara Tives, Dev miseunot TomaY Fg 773 xaglias try Tonpay (xaSeng of exSeos pag av sep wagovrs) boy aug ryy bars Rarrnoay Suvapiv? ardru bus, bro reg amavrems jes pay Guvapuy iro- OTEgay Mage WOAU, HO EY TAUTUD. YeOgis ve civqI PracpEVOL, avTIagaTET = TovTas nar’ auTeoy aig TAT ZoPogypevos BeBasws aig THY sadsgoryTa THY xag- diag rev. ra irom aura soxaPnusve of exu pas, megirroregey jug Gofdsy- ras dim To TagaAoyws ‘rolessTegoy Hwy vaurinov, maga av erynusy evo SoAoy avaryoY mp0g TUY SoADY AUTWwY xO EoG THTOIG MOAAG SyaTomEha siin- BSY vevixnpesver bro pas ortywregag Buvapeus, TOANAKIS [4E?, Bie, yy ores giav rxg Taxrixns, covers Os nos Dia ryy OeAsay* ra dmroie sivas uo char~ TWMATA AALT EIA MavTshug THY THMEGIY EIS Tas. aig TOFU Byw, toy TO ex cpat Bev Sere cvyegorneh ov worsuov psoa ig To sey, pts Dero mrsuon evov ra xorma* xosdors yyogifen, ort 7 cevoxemeia Bev cungeges aig iva sxgoy sodov epmeipov Kat EARDgOY Elg Tov TAWY, VO viENTOL evaYTIOY E1g iva mornvagidpor xas aversra Dein vaurixoy. ereidy pyre va sgumoy Tig eho Barrwy xara ro deov Sev Suvarat, jan Brsmeoy paxgddey try Taki Tay mone POY" PATETOMY VoL AVA XOGTTY oMITw aT THY xesiaY Bim THY mUXVOT ATC Teov sx gey xa THY Sen yegiay Te Tam" Ka, TAA YTE vo, ClawsGary Thy, haryigov viv taki Tew evavriay. pyre wan va emisgedy onirw* Te irrowe civ menTegnpara Evog SuAB Emmeige nos shaGge EIg TOY AMY. A2A imerar e& avaynng ve xaravryon yj vavpayia eg rakw megouayiesg* ro irony cupPeges pariga erg to meruagidpoy yaurixey. alg Torey wees ToTOY Derm Geoyriey eyer sony ro Buyaray’ ereig de Qudrarrovres THy taSWw ony innsrrog ext Tay. vewy AsyeaDs Tas magayyeniog juste moeldupums, Kat face Aisa ev oh To Macrypa, ef J ers yery % mene ory rH soAgu, sive natyoy imavw ds sig Tov ayava Quaakare avayxowws evrabiay xar cwwmyy’ re irrauce TURPSHO HOU Eg TAY silos MOAEUM, HO Meg ToTEcoY e1g To esdoy THs vaupanves, xo evayriadyre yenalms eg Tes expe xara ryy abiay Tov cereguepenoy xermuaray cag. oven 7 pega pag waguoraives bye pe LM eye a me Trews Toxrggas THY ermiba tov TMeromenyo ityAPPENDIX. 1083 cma ray Sanarccd, 4 ve xmumpev tag ASyvuns ve doBwvras wefororssy yo pn segytorr ro Barineiny mys Yararoys* xu TeAng movTwv avepegw cig THY purnpny ong ax Beurson, Art evinnoars ro wegiracrecoy jesgog coTeny * xe 5 Yoyo Teov vier evreoy Rey corres ve eGozpuncw ery Tag Mbag xiv Ooveg ex Bevrege dung parryy sow TorwyY xeu mea upiny, Hist. lib, cap. 73. p. 209. a A suspicion that I may appear not to have given their due weight to the numerous translations of the modern Greeks, has induced me to insert the foregoing extract from the Romie Thucydides, printed at Vienna in 1805. This work is the composition of Neophytus Taicas, a Greek, who resided, and, as 1 believe, still lives at Vienna, It is in ten volumes, and besides having the original on one side, and the translation on the oppesite page, contains also a subjoined com- mentary to facilitaté the study of the historian. Neophytus has prefixed a dedication in Hellenic to Dositheus, Metropolitan of Wal- lachia, which commences with an invocation of Phebus Apollo, and Themis—Kal PoiBog "Axdarmy dEso%, xd Okpug xf Bewoive dixcuct, Wa- nzgorars Abomora, titd cor rh Ardy. Boov dx civ Epcdv wévev, menrsvex- S4jvar. ‘The translator has'also prefixed a short detail relative to his author, andthe excellence of his history; of which the following short specimen will not only show the Hellenic style, but the ac- hnowledged deficiency of the modern Greeks. “Ogi yag tag av Evgeomy adroyeveis, doo psy ewrorvran megs Toy ouy- eager, ray Be exipsrnay xr Qiropaberey megs roy BiBrov eweheiEavro TOUTHY, TOAAAKIG Fig THY EXUTwY EXAO TOL, KOUTOI Hx EVTTOYIS bs TASIRY OOS aura THY aporoyyray, psTaPgaravres yrwroay, xas exdovres #5 Gus, aryiuany aerexvens nou avakia emaryoy. siys Tw rfuzTegwy ToLeTOY agoe raroge exovres Evyyoaden, bs psy wyvaoiey brws, ertig more QuasdiPyg ye- Gar1084 APPENDIX. over ev rake Earariny a1 Be wou eiores Ggney cuveyoivro, alors nas xonodas apGirages, imavrertypay binv ev marroig To meckypece GAws osopevar. esbs TivVEG Ob THAAYITTOY Xo EYG|TAVTO, SuTtas emimoraiéng xe EY Yo~”TO TE Aoye, Bh euTuyos, wg epautov wehw, wors pndey it wreicy auTwv, pings Dew, cro- deceafas wrcov, 4 py de Tyv agyry, Stas Esme, exexsigncay Te meayya- nog dajoobas, A note attached to this Preface shows me, that in an enumeration of the Icarned men amongst the Grecks, should be.mentioned a phy- sician, resident, it seems, at Vienna, Silvester Philites, a friend and encourager of Neophytus, who concludes a panegyric.of him by exclaiming affectionately, As Zev wareg! toisror civ piv Sexe vies Axasav! ax’ oid es Opngp parroy afiov megs Neorogas, 1 eo raura mege ae, Gir’ draugs! Bixcuov ery AcyeorBas, Besides the Thucydides, I take the opportunity of mentioning, that there is inGreece, though rarely to be met with, a spirited translation of the Gierusalemme Liberata, and that a Romaic Epictetys with “ notes, has the character, with a friend of mine in whose judgment I must have every confidence, of being a very creditable performance, have also now before me Esop’s Fables; Erophile, a pastoral drama, by George Chortachi, a Cretan, the Corypheus of poets, printed at Venice in 1772; and thenew Robinson Crusoe; all of them belonging to the Hon. Frederic North, whose collection of Romate books at Zante, Constantinople, and England, amounts, as I understand, nearly toa thousand yolumes, Notwithstanding, however, the number and the merit of the Romaic literati, in spite of the large schools of Con- stantivople, Ioannina, Aia-Balé, Nea Moni, aud Kidognis, and with a due respect for the labours of the Venetian and Austrian presses, I must repeat my original assertion; that there is no diffusion of know- ledge in Greece. : When Mons, Villoison was at Athens he discovered an inscription, . which he showed to the dascatoe or schoolmaster of the city, wheAPPENDIX. 1085 ) assured him that it was not in the Greek language ; first, VYecause he himself could not read it; and, secondly, on account of its making mention of certain games called Némean, which never were heard of in ancient Greece*. Page 573. ‘To the notice of the libraries in the Levant, I should add, that Greek of the name of Mano, who hasa house near Buyuk- dere, on the shores of the Bosporus, has.a very valuable and large collection of books, partly there, and partly at Yassi. c In addition also to what Ihave asserted of the language and lite- rature of the modern Grecks, I beg to subjoin, that in saying that the Romaic was uot an established tongue until a century after the Turkish conquest, I mean distinctly, that the actual language of the Greeks of the present day cannot be traced higher than that period. The Body of the Greek Chemists in the King’s library at Paris, oWritkgn.in 1478, which I presume to be as old as the translation from Baceatio, or the Belisarius, whose date I do not know, is said to be written in the vulgar tongue; but the, Iliad in trochaics, of which J have scen a much carlier copy than that of Pinelli (mentioned by Harris), dated in 1528, and cdited by one Nicolaus Lucanus, is also said in the programme to the volume, to have becn written for- merly in the vulgar tonguc— . OMHPOY IAIAS ME BAHOEIZA AAAI ELIZ KOINHN yrdcouy viv 8 BuglaYsivn, sal Baredeion cuvrdues xad xoerd BiBAlo xadvadg Eyer of 75 Opeten Bikros, mage Nixoddn ri Mendva, 2.7.2. Mr. Harris has by some inadvertency dated the Piuclli Homer one hundred years too early, having put 1540 instead of 1640 (a. x. p.); und he says that the work was probably some ceuturies earlier, which may be collected also from the above-quoted phrase. Since then that * Académie des Insgriptions, tom, alvii, p.1086 APPENDIX. style in \bich the trochaic Iliad: is written; is called by Nicolaus Lucanus the vulgar tonguc, it may be necessary to sce whether the composition is altogether Romaic, or only that depraved language which bears more resemblance to the Hellenic than to the present Greck. An insertion of a few lines from any portion of, the work, will show that Tliad is not written in Romaic ; and it will be quite conclu- sive to observe, that the editor in 1528 prefixed a glossary, in which certain hard or Homeréc words contained in the poerhs, are explained in the common dialect* : so that what was xoiwy yawooe at one Lime, was to be rendered at another in the vulgar tongue, in order to he- come intelligible; a plain proof that the words xowy yawoon, were used by the contempotarics of Nicolaus Lucanus, to signify that the language was not Hellenic.« At the same time I must avow, that the trochaic Iliad uses ‘the auxiliary verbs in the composition of the future and past tenses, and dispenses with the simple infinitive; a circumstance which leads me to supposc, notwithstanding the opi- nion of Mr. Harris as to its antiquity, that it was wrilten aftet the lime of the Chiliads. The grief of Achilles for the loss of Patroclus, is told in the following strains, Antilochus exclaims, yor Ayan andots ‘Viv xaxloryy dyyertay rig vd. poh Baye yen, xéiras Udergoxtas 5 ginog aig Thy yy droSapsvos, nad 7 trapmen o8 Seaw 8 Sgaods Frufe ixrao, Viv mioréuen vd. thy Gégouy Gs dgyeios tig rive, Abyes devrinoyos rosairre. aay 88 dyianda tore oxdrog xo) peyery Aorn * Kal teidi isoiy iv 7H 8 2H BIBAW morrat AlEtis deival, Hyouw spnpixal, iyé- vero xa wivak, iv & ivan, ivenous radras rae Sunginds alkeis dwads sEnyn- ptvas.—Programma to the Homer.APPENDIX. 1087 thy dextran tiv dS au0v Bi dourby viv wbyreogdy Te peri dio ra Bod ylin x rig ig ype AmpBavds xa riy xegaariy xoviger ois dv Eryor ooverav Srav Foav Kownpivs x bg ri xiv xaMoas rote rh dain webranétrn Hoyure x! eporvetro hy Ba diy ru 8k sry avlowa bid viv abmay. Such poctry may be thought worthy of the vignette accompanying the description, : and would be almost understood by a Greek of this day,” But the discern a diterenee between the style and language of sand these of the Romance, and, until a sight of the Be- reader w these ver Fisarius, or any other book of early date, shall make me alter my opi- ion, Lamust revert to my original position, that the Romaic may be supposed to have assinned its present form somewhat about a huu- ured years sequently to Ue Turkish conquest1088 APPENDIX. POETRY. Page 578. The generality of the Romaic poems-are in the fifteen- syHlabled measure, or divided into eight an@@even syllables, and so composed of stanzas of four lincs instead of distiches, but exactly of the same metie, This kind of verse was originally designed for tetranieter iambic cafalectic; and Forster in his Essay on Accent and Quaitity (p. 126), has selected two specimens of similar verses from Aristophanes and Terence. Qs Hdd xeuvsig edyunow roe deb las bparely ‘Kad raiv xoSesebreov vijay imag Pgoveiv divaaSar, ‘Nam si remittent yaippiam Philumenee dolores “Quot commodas res attuli? quot autem ademi curas. Of which the Latia is the best and closest, and the samen" ee English verses : ll climb the frosty mountains high, and there I'll coin: the weather ; I'll tear the rainbow from thé sky, and tie both ends together. Primatt goes further than Forster in his defence of accents, and contends that the Greek acute had a lengthening’ power belonging to it. How otherwise could Plautus have read Piauwros and Désigwpos, Philtppiis and Phedrimiis? How could Ovid have said, * : c strictumque Orionis ensem, except that he obeyed the antepenultithate-accent of ‘Qgfcovog? Au- sonius also makes iddla, érémiis, and tétragdn¥, dactyls, becausc UBwra, Eenpos, and rergayaveg, had their antepenultimates long, The English, in saying St. Heléna, afid-idéa; are not regulated-by theAPPENDIX. - 108y former quantity of those words, but by the accentuation; 4 are the Stalians in their pronunciations of words ending in ia, a8 philosophia. ‘The metre of all the modern European languages is a metre of ac- cent, not quantity. ‘Lo this itmay be some sort of a reply, that we know front the expe- rience of our language, that accentuation, or strcss, the effect of it, varies according to whim and fashion. ‘The word mankind, which, in Pope, is equally long in the last and first syllable, is in several poets prior to his age, long only in the first. A few vears ago eyery one pronoynced nabob as it is given in the Rumbold epigram, ending And steruly answer'd nd-bob.” There is no reason to suppose, that although the rules for accen- tuation were more certain and defined than our own, they were not occasionally affected by any of the circumstances which change our” pronunciation; and if the Greck pocts had followed the accents, or had allowed their acute to have a lengthening power, is it not likely that in some words there would haye been a difference between the writers of different ages? Would not there have been a few in- stances of a syllable which is long in onc being short in another, or vice versa? Besides, since the known effect of an obedience to ac- centuation produced the Chiliads of Tzetzes, how came it, if accents had always a similar force, that none of these verses were written in former ages? It is true, that Dionysius has talked of that faulty species of poctry which is similar to prose*, but it by no means ap- pears from this, that there was amongst the ancient Greeks a sepa- rate sort of vulgar poetry, like the political verses. The critic alludes rather to that poetry, which as Aristotle says of the verses © Madiis nal GwonmpRdrerw pe dyveting Urs. ania meitpares S xadewive Ace yoirderae doxei ris fvats x. reAe—secte 3G ay1090 _ APPENDIX. of EmpMocles, resembled Womer’s only in the metre*; or to those versus senavii of the comic writers, of which Ciccro has observed in his Orator, that they are so like discourse, that the number and yerse can scarccly be perceived. He does not say that they have not verse or number ; and Iorace, talking of the same poetry, tclls us how it differs from prose— : ——— pede certo Differt sermoni sermo merus. The scholiast on Hephestion, has becn adduced by Forster, to prove that the orixoy Asyordyg, was a species of political verse; but L shall observe, that the instance brought by this writer, convinces us to the contrary— "Tres xad Eaves txarty nad wevrqnovro. This is prosaic, but nothing to the purport of the vulgar, poctry of tre Chiliads ; nor would any proof, except the finding of several consecutive lines, in which the accent regulaied ‘the metre, be sufti- tient to establish the antiquity of the measure in question. Tt would be tedious to give specimens of the various Romaic metres, which are diversified according to the tunes and dances to which the poetry is applied: The charm of a ging never ucgleeted ; and most of the fiftcen-syabled songs, even wher not divided into quatrains, in the manner of the Engiish distich be- fore quoted, rhyme at the cighth as well as the last syllable. By the following cotzakias, which I have translated literally, we may judge of the taste of the*modern Grecks, and from the last stanza, shall, L think, form no unfavourable opinion of it. ling shyme is + “Oudle yap xandy iosw ‘Opsgw xa) "Ryemedonred, waiy x3 pbrecrs ht .APPENDIX, LO9l COTZAKIAS. Toy pavdy ndpveo xopr? Tfall the ocean were of ink, Tip Sp eooay per.dn And payer all the skies, No ypdabin re mopderince Should [ attempt to write my woes, Kal dau ay p2 eave They never would suffics. "Tows Yappeig xv po dpvyYig You hope, when you deny me thas, Tleig Sevd. sarpislow ‘Co make me wan with woe 5 Tapopardns Yayeves But I, thy passion to provoke, _ Ala vi 02 despovige Like violets fair will grow. Kozaplooans 25 ibyrd __ My lofly cypress, hear me speak, Rxibe vd ot rarijow ‘Aud bend thy head so high ; * Eye dhe riya vd. tds ‘Two words alone I ask, and then Kal ax? v3. Euroa Will be content to die. This specimen of the alteruate verses of the modern Greeks, whicls they repeat for a continuation, and with no other connection than that they all have some reference to love, is inserted in Dr. Pouque- ville’s account of the Morea, which contains also one of the songs which are sung by the leaders of the Romaic dances, and repeated after the chorypheus by the whole string of the performers, At each verse or strophe, as Dr. Pouqueville calls it, some changn takes place in the figure or footing of the dance. Ie gives it the name of the Romaic Ranz de vache. Képn paroparéne js My maiden of gold! my beautiful jewel*! Kod papyapirapina ps Képveig rods yous xa) yatpowras The young all delighted, thy presence survey 5 Tods yépoug xa) ree Aalvouvras* The aged entranc’d, look their wisdom away. Kédpvess xa pd tiv spgavs I too must despair, asI find thee so cruels Tidvo payalps ve cgay Ahen bring me a dagger, a lover to slay * Magyagiragina px, literally, of pearls, Mibemice, my jewel. a2 iB21092 ALPENDIA, Rude’ dpdavd po} ogaeres Pence, pitiful boy, why tell us of killing ? Kau dn’ suopgixis piivoragere ‘These charmers should ne’er be the cause ~ ‘of thy sorrow: K? lysis vd Bed iy Gégoney ° We'll bring thee another, since this is unwilling, Tip xdpqy tt Gedpoyen Another much fairer and hinder, to-mor- row. The copy in Pouqueville has many faults, and appears to have been iaken down by some one unacquainted with the Romaic pro- nunciatiou, or, it is very probable, by a Greek norantof the spell» ing of his own language. 1 should mention, that a great many words which are in common use, are not contained in the Romaic dictiona- rics. Bév and solate arc not in Ventote*. One might almost suspect them to be the French cous and ennuicz. It is nearly impossible to make out some of the words, through the barbarous contractions and unions with which they are obscured. The 9a, which is sometimes joined with the next verb, seems the sign of the future tense, as Sx yee, I will become. I shall leave every one to make his own comments upon the specie inens of the Romaic before given ; but I cannot help noticing Mr. Villoison’s opinion on this subject, as that learned person has paid a critical attention to the language, not only in the libraries of the French capital, but in the Levant, where he travelled with Mr. de Choiseul Goufficr, and was sent upon a mission by Louis XVI, in search of MSS. Mr. Villoison, in the researches which he read at the French Academy of Inscription on the 12th of May, 1772, deli- versa decided opinion, that the Romaic is but-a diulectof the ancient * "The dictionary docs not include these words; it contains, however, the definition of that hateful animal a Tory. Tory—Ovoua tv "Ayyala vay dradiv Kagéau B. viv 3: tiv Swadiiy vig "Avate. Tory—Jn England the name for, the partizang of Charles 1, tut now of « partizan of the court.APLENDIX. 1093 Greek*; and he enlarges upon the utility of paying more Attention to it than had yet been bestowed upon the language. For the study of Hellenie manuscripts, a knowledge of the Romaic is indispensable. “Souvent on trouve,” he says, *¢dans un manuserit Grec, une date, um remarque, qui indique sowage, Voriginal dapres Requel il a té cepié, le nom de celui qui I'a transerit, ou de ceux 3 qui ila appartenu, et le lieu of ila été découvert: e’est en Gree vulgaire que ccs particularités qui peuvent étre de conséquence sont écrites.”” Following up bis notion that the Romaic is a dialect of the Helle- nic, he brings as proof, that some ancient roots may be discovered in the vulgar tongue of the modern Greeks, which are not to be found in the extant works of the ancient writers. In Hesychius, Suidas, Eu- stathius, and the Etymologicon Magnum, 'vag)s and vgs signify hu- mid. Nugebs, Nugyiies, and Nyguv, a sea,sod, the water-nymphs, and a sort of plant whiclr, according to Dioscorides, grows in marshy places ;- all these, as well as the two adjectives, were originally formed from Negiv, water, the modern Greck word ; so that the line in Lycophron, ev x2ovdg mgois puzois, does not mean in terre humili- bys. as usually: translated, but humidis recessibus. The extreme antiquity of many Romaie terms can not be denied. Apollonius in is dictionary, and Hesychius, mention that the word egavog, had amongst the Persians the signification of royal tents. New in mo- der Greek, agand is the canopy of an altar. ‘There is however int French a similar phrasc—ie ciel du lit. Indeed Mons. Bonamyt} observes, that the language contains many expressions which could only be derived from the French, and probably from the period of the Latin conquest; and he even thinks the indeclinalte participles, such as yeuGovras, Adavyrasy writing, speaking, deduced from the + Alors il n'est qu'un dialecte de Vancien Gree. Page 64, tom, Raxviii. Académie des inscriptions, &e. } LiAcadémie,des Juscript, tom, xxiih ip, 250; tom, xxviii p. G1.1094. APPENDLX. same source ; a notion successfully combated by Villoison. Mons. Villoison discovered amongst the Tzacones, in Mania, the fan- guage of the ancient Dorians, the dialect of Pindar and Theocri- tus*. The whole body of his prow. I hive not seen; but T shall remark, and I trast without presumptior, upon one asserted fact re- lative to pronunciation, on which much stress has been laid. "This is the use of the Sigma for the Theta, which is said to prevail amongst the Maniotes. : The speech of the ancient Lacedemonians differed in some respects from that of the rest of Greece, and, amengst other particularities, they pronounced rdgreve oid, for magdeve Yed, and oudy for Yedv, as may be seen in thet comedy of Aristophanes entitled Lysistrate. Villoison, it should be scen, advances this fact, not only to prove his general assertion respecting the preservation of the Doric dialect in Mania, but in an argument against the antiquity of the usual Pronunciation of modern Greece}.. It is nothing, says he, that yap prove the modern sound to be like the Laconian; for the Laconian was different from the rest of Greece. Upon which the editor of the memoirs well observes, “Peut étre les Grecs seront-ils satisfaits de Vaveu qu’au moins leur prononciation actuelle est la méme que celle des anciens Lacons.’’ It would be well for the argument, if the sound of the Sigma was confined by Villoison to the Mainotes, which, however, it isnot; for he allows that the Athenians call their town Asini. Now I was three months iu Athens, and never heard it so called; on the contrary, the @ was to my ears a coinplete O Th. The origin of the mistake will soon appear. ‘I'o prove the an- tiquity of thig sibitation, if 1 may so call it (which, according to his own account, was, we see, nat confined to the Laconians), Mr. Villoi- * L’Académie des Inscrip. tom. xlvii, p. 234, F Ibid, tom. xxavil, p, 66, note ga),APPENDIX. * 1095 son quoies Entychias, who died Patriarch of Alexandria in $40, and who wro! history in Arabic, edited, with a Latin version, by Pococke in 1638,—In this history the Greek Thetas ave represented by an Arabic Use (Ozinrug, is Tscodusius—Ozs, is Tscos), which, says he, is equivalent to the Knglish Th, and which it may be, but still will have no sound of the Since Mr. Villuison does not know how the English of the prescut day pronounce their letters, he canvot be expected to teach us what sound the ancient Grecks gaye to the character.of thejr alphabet. Nevertheless, I was natu- rally very eager to kuow the opinion of such a scholar on the dis- puted point of the pronunciation; and rom what I can collect of his way of thinking, in the Anccdota Greea, and in the Memoirs of the Academy, it appears Lo mic, that he is, ‘on the whole, against the antiquity of the present common method ; fer he replies to the inde finite praises of Dé Guys and others on the sofiuess of the Romaic, that such a quality is by no means a proof of its correctness and an- tiquity—car adoucir-une prononcéation est souvent Vattérer. He docs not believe that Crusius, who travelled from the year 1394 to 1427 *, could have heard the words, évady: pve, Aforda, and 4 Ost lunoysitw révav, pronounced cfflogé mena dexputa, and o theos cflo- gito senan; for he might have written it in his own German fashion, This scems to me very improbable: he was writing Latin, and wished to conyey in that language the sound of the words to his ears. He agrees that the B bad lost its sound in the time of Alexius Connne- nus, which it is indced impossible to deny. In Philip Bounarotii's observations on some fragments of ancient glass vases, adorned with figures (Florence, 1716), it is seen, that the Greek words wis and 4yong, are found written on drinking-cups in Roman characters, thus, On which Villoison observes, ‘Si autem Latini Hut iota UNL pie, xeses. pronuuciassent uliqne zcsis non zcses scripsissent; unde patet Greecos « Turco Garcia, p. 1.1096 APPENDIX. A recentiores re H, ut et querundam aliarum literarum pronuncia~ tionem immutasse. Sic cosdem Grecos recentiores constat e capite secundo grammatica lingua Gracw vulgaris a Simone Portio scripte, et cx aliis, sepe in preantepenultimam ct nonuunquam in quintara syllabam rejici accentus, qui a veteribus non longius rejici poteraut quam in antepenultimam, si autem recentiores-Grieci eam pronun- ciationis partem, qua in accentibus posita cst, corruperunt cur non, et eam que ad literas pertinet*.’’ Here follows a long note, which, as Mr. Villoison thinks that he has by it reconciled the very strong arguments on both sides of this vexed question, and as it.shows that the present pronunciation is much older than usually supposed, T here insert. . «< Nono autem saculo ‘receptam vulgo fuisse, et passim invaluisse istam pronunciaturem, qua ou et « 0 ct v confundit, ct tot tantorum- que mendorum causa fuit, hine evincitur, quod sumnius ille Bent- leijus, pp. 38, 39, stupenda illius ad millium epistole, ex edit. Venet. in fol. 1733, in qua Joannis’ Malala chronicon Josephi Ge- nesii de rebus Constantinopoli quatur libris nunc primum cditis, subjectum est in publica Oxonii bibliotheca librum. reperiisse se observat, antiqua manu notatum, continentem mille regulas de recta scribendi ratione, quarum XL docent, quando as scribere oporteat et quandoe; totidemque ubi o ct ubi v; hunc que librum esse Theo- gnosti Grammatici quem laudat aliquoties Etymologici auctor (qui proinde nono sxculo anterior ess¢ non potest) hujusque Theognisti, apud quem ea omnia reperiuntur que illi accepta referuntur in Ety~ mologico Magno, ztatem resciri ex prafatione, cujus initium est «ro Beomory pus. Hine sequitur nostrum Theognostum qui tempore Michaelis Balti, cujus, dum regnaret, historiam scribebat, vir maturus esse debuit, * Ancedota Graca, tom. ii, Diatriba, p. 126, edit. Venet. Fratrum Colet. 1781.APPENDIX. ON? non Leoni Sapienti qui multo post, sicilet ab anno 889 usqu imperavit, sed Leoni Armenio suam dedicasse Orthogrant qua cum tradiderit pravcepta necessaria ad vil ad OUT am; in ndam confusionem or- tame promiscuo ma cls, eet» sono ac us, hinc quoque colligitur hane pronunciationem quire tum invaluerat, et vulgo recepta eral nono seculo, ubi jam onmia confuderat et permiseuerat, longe anterivram fuisse ; quod vel ex antiquissimo patel Alexandrine Codire, ¢ tot monumentis longe etiam antiquioribus, ubi ha litter passim con- fuse et promiseure usurpata sunt, et ¢ Copticarmm Titeraru nibus, vida rida hida. thita, méi ni. que G nomi- veos cheracteres corum que pronunciationem tune temporis vigentem, perfeete reprasentant {mo si meam mihi sententiam exponere liceat, vel Apud ipsos antiquis- simos Gracos to H nee z, nee 4, purum prossus sonmisse eredo sed hujus quendamn fuisse medium inter utramque vorstem senum, eun- que ab utraque litera tenui interyallo diseretum, ac pro variis et lo cis ct hominibus ad have aut ad illam proprius accedentem, proinde que obnoxium confusioni quam postea invexit incultioris wyi neg- ligentia, quamque ne superiorum wtatum homines imperiti ac rudes omnino vitaverunt, cum illa non offendere posset nisi solas Antiquis- simorum Gracorum, cortunque paulo urbanioram ae humaniorun, teretes ct religiosas aures, longo usu, qui postea obsolevit, subactas Sic apud Romanos qui promiscue scribebaut classeis et classes, na~ ceis et naves, vicinus esse debebat ri e1, rH «, et ra ¢ sonus. Ita Cicero de Oratore, lib. iii. eap. xii. (Cotta noster cujus tu illa lata, Sulpici, nonnunquam imitaris, ut iota literam tollas, et ¢ plenissum dicas, non mihi Oratores antiquos, sed Messores videtur imitari), Sie fatah et damma Arabica modo a, mode c, ct modo 0, modo u sonant, ae varie pro variis effcruntur locis, utctimulte recentiarum linguarum ac pra sertim Orientaliun litera: quarum sonos levissimum discrimen plu- rimos, ac omnes fere hospites et peregrinos pror: via conciliari posse arbitror firmissima illa arguinenta que pro utry, Toe us fugit, He sola1098 APPENDIX, que Grew linguie pronunciatione adeo vexata utrimque afferun- tur.” Hc then goes on to prove that the modern Greeks pronounce the @ like the ancient, using much the same arguments as are before stated. tn some respects, however, he scems to incline to the Romaic. He found in the yard of a bishop’s house at Castri in Lesbos, a sepul- chral inscription, in which the XAIPE was written XEPE ; and ob- serves, “ La confusion qu’ entraine une prononciation beaucoup plus ancienne que plusieurs personnes.ne le croient, a occasioné cette faute du graveur*.”” In another house at Castri, he found EIZIAI put for IZLAL, and at Megara, EIOXUAIPAN and NEIKH®OPIAOS for IOXEAIPAN and NIKH®OPIAOZ+. Without any wish to an- swer this objection to the diphthongal sound of a and «, I shall mercly observe, that the date of these inscriptions is not known; and that Isaac Vossius himself, the principal advocate of the ancient bi- vocals, allows, that as carly as the times of Claudius and Nero, the diphthongs had begun to lose their double power amongst the Greeks, having before lost it amongst the Latins, even prior to the age of Cicero}. I refer to Primatt’s first chapter on Greek Accents, for a hardy defence of the single sounds, in which the reader who has examined the opposite arguments, will find that nearly all the facts relative to this disputed point, are adduced on both sides of the question by the two parties in the contest. To the detail before given, of Mons. Villoison’s notion respecting the language of the T'zacones (which might have been suggested to him by the hint concerning them in Du Cange, inserted in this volune, page 557), [must add, that the same learned person ayers, that there are seventy dialects of Romaic. How this is to be * LiAcadémie des Tnseript. tom, xlvii, p. 206, + Ibid. p. 355. t De Poemat. Cantu. p. 16.APPENDIX. 1090 proved, according to the usual latitude of the term dialect, I ean- not conceive. Symeon Cabasilas, as has been seen, did indeed in form Crusius, that there were se ‘The variation must be very trifling, to admit of so many diversities. enty dialects, aid perhaps more One of the peculiarities which is observable in the Romaic, is the adoption of gencric for specific terms, as well words generically: thus, instead of izmos, a horse, the modern Grecks s the u: eof specific say aareyos, a brute; and xdog, which Pausanias in his third book informs us y clamation gf success.—'The last chosen to call to the aid of his gwn hypoth s the old Messenian word for a crown, is now an ex- stance Mr. Villoison might have adoption of ion of the gram- consida) the plural ere for ears, is well worthy th marian, ee — Page 580 : ACADEMIE 1ONIENNE Prix Olympiadiques. Les membres de I’Académie Lonienne appellant incessamment & leur pensée quiils sont des Gres, ayant toujours devant eux ce qu’étaient leurs aneétres, pleins du désir de voir les descendants de parcils hommes se rendre vraiment Teurs fils, ils ont dit: Nos péres ont élevé par lon génie un édifice que le temps n'a pa détruire. Ils ont travaillé pour le bonheur des nations. Et, long-temps apres qu’ils wétaient plus, PEurope leur devait les progrés de Pesprit humain, qui placent ces derniers siécles & coté des sideles de nos pres. Pour enflammer les ames du feu qui les fait créer les grandes choses, Ia Gré assemblait ses enfants, clle appellait au milicu deux les Pindares, les Simo- nides, les Hérodotes. Sous la sauve-garde des muses elle confiait Ia gloire des héros & la postérité. Et pour unique recompense aux applaudissements de ses douze tribus, elle ceignait le front de Pauteur dan grand chef-d’ocuyre, comme celui de Pauteur dune belle action, avec un simple feuillage. Descendants de ces hommes, Vous qui vivez encore sur les lieux qui re Aisent leur gluire, et Yous que le malheur a dispersés sur la terre, entend: - notre voix, 7621100 \PPENDIX. Nos fa Iles ins vous offrent des prix de Vancienne Gréce. Nous w’anrons point it les donner devant un concours de deux cent mille cifoycus, nous ferons bien plus encore, nous les décerncrons cn ésence de toutes Ies nations et devant la statue du Héros qui nons aime, Nous nous supposerons en présence de tout ce qui reste encore du peuple Gree, nous nous supposcrous en pr autres peuples. Et nous diron Enfants des Grees, dans Vocuyre de Pun de vous, nous venons de reconnattre encore le géniv de nos péres. Deux milleans wont pa Véteindre. Nous venons Wen recucillir une étincelle. Puissent vos acela nce de tout le peuple des Frangais et des ations, unies & celles de tous re Vesprit vivifiant qui la développe en fk les autses hommes telle. Quand Ja domination des Romains; dégénérés, s'écroulait sur ses pieds Wargile, la langue de Gicéron et de Tacite, quoique altérée, n’élait point encore méconnaissable dins les anciennes provinces de cet immense colosse. ame immor= Les états de VHalie parlaient encore Vidiome du Latium quoiqu’en y melapt les expres- sions harbares du vaingueur. Is ient pit, pent étre, relever leurs dialectes Is suivire tune Ja langue majextueuse des monarques de la terre. Nous portors bien plus haut notre ambition et nos vues. Nous nous addres sons a des hommes la plupart sa ns patrie ct nous leur parlons d ; nous eur disons, que e la gloire de grandeur et la fiers de Fame ont lene image dans la noblesse et la fierté du langage, ct qu’ils doivent parler un qui les rappelle incessamment & la grandeur, & la noble fierté qui earacté te peuple des héros. Jeours péres Notre langue est dechue sans doute; mais, comme les antres langues de PE rape moderne, elle n'est pas encore méconnaissable dans la physionomie de Tangue matenuelh Elle s'est deja. relevée de Ja corruption ott. des temps d’infortune Pavaicnt plong les Rigas, les Corais, les Ducas, ont fait des pas marqués dans ia route que nous voulons indiquer. Marchez donc sur les traces de ces hommes, dont le beau talent west égalé que par la beauté de leurs ames. — Maites plus que 1. vie, portés par leurs progrés méme devances-les, c'est dans cette noble carnére quil est honorable d’étre tour-d-tour et le vainqueur et le yainen. su fri devemus maites de cetle philosophie qu'oat porfectionnée les maderieesyAPPENDIX, 11OL vous portez sa science analytique dans examen de votre dialecte, vous vous direz bient6t; pen de perfectionnements encore, et le langage corrompu des Grecs modernes deviendra Pun des plus beaux dialectes de Pancienne [el léni Mais cette méme analyse vous dira qu’ finitifs de ses verbes ; qui rejette presye tous leurs parti sé, & leurs conditionnels des temps superflus, tr ne Langue qui ‘vse employer les pes} qui joint & leurs faturs, a leurs yx nants ct fastidienx ; qui rej utiles particuless est unc langue qui se priv {te presqu’en entier un cas de ses noms et ses plus ir de ses plus précieuses ‘pla richeos Enfin elle yous dira, cette analyse, qu’ane telle langue n’attend qwun génie audacieux antant que sage, pour franchir de timides barri¢res ef trouver le sceret d'un stile plein de nerf, de concision, de grandeur et Pharmonie; plein s dialectes de la Gréce, et pdurtant, si peu diffé- winoples, de Smirne, et de tont PArchipel, 1 Grice, il puisse Gre compris avec les du beau caractére des anc sent du parler populaire de Cons x ct dans le reste de que dans ces li plus légers efforts d’attention, Sil est des écrivains qui ayent le courage de marcher daus nous leur indiquons, nous osons leur promettre une gloire durable pour leurs Cerits en eux, méimes (car, dit un grand écrivain, c'est Ia langue qui sauve les 70s) et nous leur assurons cette gloire bien plus grande que weit aucun & son antique per- a carricre que ouyra peuple du monde, celle de rappeller sa langue degrade fection, O vous, qui peuple ces contrées, si pendant plus de quatre siéeles un aveugle ala Inmiére des sciences, des lettres ct des arts, syste cette époque a pa dle qui vieut de sétendre sur vous, vien ne peut plus borner vos wain de revivre ou de rester morts pour ke ne fermait vos esprits wt, et ses vils souvenirs tomberont tout entiers dans Poubli 5 mais sous I’¢, vastes destinées ; vous avez cn votre postérité choisis ‘Yous les quatre ans présenterons & P Europe te tableau de ce quanront ait les Girecs pour se er, en lui offrant Vanalyse taisonnée de tous les ouyriges publi¢s dans notre langue pendant cette courte périede. Quelies yinpiades encore, ct POccident ramené de son errcur dans Vopinion qu'il veat formée des Gres, ne les jugera plus les fils barbares de ce peuple qui pat justemeat traiter de barbares tout ce qui a’était pas Lui. r Vurope attentive aux effurts Wun peuple quiy tenassé (sera beau ¢1102 APPENDIX. par le malheur, entreprend de se relever, de lui méme, jusques & sa premidre majeste. ‘Tous les quatre ans nous donncrons un prix & Pauteur qni, dans le gree moe derne le plus pir, aura composé et publi¢ oeuvre avec un égal talent d’écrivain, aura trad des n ‘ileure ; et & celui qui, et publié Van des beaux ouvrages tions modernes, et surtout de la Nation Frangaise. Dans la salle de nos séances nous suspendrons couroane d’olivier sauvage dont nous aurons ceint le front du vainqueur, cl nous inscrivons au dessous+ Volympiade oft Je prix aura été remporté, les noms de Panteur, de son onvrage, de sa patric, et de ecole qui Pa formé : ce seront la les trophées de PAcadésaie, En presence des plus grands hommes de la nation, comment rien dindigne Weux pourra-t-il jamais sortir de son scin! Par un Synchronisme heureux, le 15 Aofit 1807 Parmée Frangaise arrivait & Ta vue de ces rivages; le 15 Aofit 1808 Académie Tonienne tenait la premigre des séances solenmelles qu’elle avouées & célébrer son bienfaiteur et son prote tour: enfin ce méine été 1808 eft été celui dans lequel les Grécs,efissent renou- vellé leurs jeux olympiques pour la 647¢ fois, si les empires, ne mouraicnt pas aussi, comme Vhomme, peu apres qu’ils ont brillé, Partant done de cette époque, o PAcadémie prenait naissance sous Vaus- pice des Frangais, les premiers de nos prix scront distribués le 15 Aodt 1812. Ce sera la premiére année de la 618*, olympiade, Nous n’offrons qu’une réminiscence de ces époques solemnelles, nous laisse- rons au temps a developper un prémier germe que nous térité, Nous donnerons pour prix une médaille. Elle portera Vembléme de ?Em- pereur des Francais avec ses mots; NAPOLEON, beinfaiteur et protec- teur: c'est le cachet de Académie. Au revers nous graverons une étoile avec ccs mots; Au Génie, ! Académie reconnaissante. Sur le contour de la médaille séront écrits, lesnoms de Vauteur et de son ouvrage avec le quantiéme de Polym- piade. Ia médaille sera de fer; c'est Ia monnaic de Lacédémone ; c'est celle de I’bonneur et de la vertu, revetue des empreintes de Pimmortaliié. ‘Un jour nos majestueuses panégyries renouselleront leurs vastes concours, Wautres juges nous succederont dont la gloire fera bicntot oublicr Ja nétre ; mais leur grandeur méme sera notre ouvrage, et ce sera IA la gloire que le temps ne pourra nous ravir, et qui nous rendra chers at tous les vrais amis des idées grandes et libérales. ettons pour la pos-APPENDIX. 1108 P.S. L'Académie ue jugera que des ouvrages qui seront envoyés & son sécré- tariat (francs de port) et elle devra les avoir regus au [* Mai 1812, pour donner 5 prix olympiadiques. Pour le premier concours P Académie ges de tous Ics auteurs vivants qu’elle qui soit Ia date de leur les premiers de recevra les ouyra publication, A Corcyre, le année de la GAT olympiade, (Juin 1809). Le Secrétaire pour la langue Francaise, Ca, Durty. —_— a - - ACADEMIE IONIENN Ens. snement public. PROSPECTUS, Le 8 Aoat 1808, PAcadémie lonienne fit connaitre aux Coreyréens qu'elle allait leur ouvrir des cours gratuits et publics de physique et chimic, histoire Maturelle, de physiologie et @hygigue. Elle tint plus qu’elle wavait promis: ces premiers cours, elle ajouta celui anatomic et @opérations chiturgicales, que M. le docteur Razis par un mouvement digne d’éloges, s*offrit & professer, quoiqw’il ne fit point encore Un dénuement absolu uw nombre de nos gollé; 8. struments en tout genre, d’emplacements méme pour opérer le s de chimie et les dissections anatomiques, toutes ces causes ont nui aux premiers cours ouverts par PAcadémie. Cependant malgré tant Wobstacles, ces cours wont point ét L’Académi par lage et le travail, des oficicrs pleins de mérile, ct des hommes habiles dans Sperien faits sans quelques suceds. vu, nous oserous dire avec orgueil, des personnes daja maries les diverses branches de art de gucrir, honorer constamment de leur présence les cours de ses professeurs. Mais en méme temps PAcadémie a vu avec doulenr qu'elle avait fait un vain appel & la jeunesse Corcyréenne, PAeadémie n'a point trouvé de péres qui ayent chéri Vinstruction de leurs fils, et point de fils qui ayent senti que instruction pouvait etre un bienfait pour eux inémes. Cependant PAcadémie avait paru taxer injustement quelques parens dun vain orgueil, en leur disant, avec mee aagement, qu’an amour propre avengle et mal catculé peut-dtre, les empécisnit’1104 APPENDIX. denvoyer leurs fils & des écoles publiques quelqu’elles fussent. Combien VAcadémie verrait avec plaisir Vexpérience dé entir ces assertions qui lui coutent, et qu’eile s’empresserait d’avoner qu’elle a cf tort de vous faire ua re- proche, que tout lui donne anjourd’hui le droit de renouveller! Aux cours de Pannée dernidre, nous devons ajouter un cours de litterature Grecque, ouvert par notre collégue le doctcur Mavromati; c'est un rom qni vous est connu et qui porte avec Iui son éloge Le docteur ) loppera les beautés des principaux chef.d’ocuvres de vos Hi fora pros prement pour vous un cours National. Il est beau de voir que c'est sous Végide du Gouvernement Francais qu’apres deux mille ans de silence, les phi- losopites de I'Hellenie renouvellent Teurs lecons cloquentes. Cours de Physique ct de Chimie.—On s'est borné dans la premidre année & faire connaitre les loix dela physique générale et sur tout de Pastronomie phy- sique, dans Inquelle én a pris pour base le traité de Vancien éléve de PEcole Polytechique M. Biot. Cette annéc la physique particuliére, et vil se peut la chimie, seront dévcloppécs d’apres les legons de cette méme égole par ses u- ciens éléves MM. Augoyat et Dupin. Histoire Naturetle.—M. le docteur Pieeti professera la botanique en géncrat, et spécialement Phistoire naturelle des Isles loniennes. avromati deve- a Medccine—Monsieur Ye docteur Gangadi professera la physiologic et Vhy- giéne appliquée spécialement aux habitants de ces contrées, daprés les bases offertes par la nature du climat et Ia salubrité spécifique des diverses regions de ces Isles. Chirurgie.—Mousicar le docteur Itazis, professera Vanatomie et dans le méme terpps il fera un cours d’opérations chirurgicales et d’obstétrice. Belles-Lettres.—Monsieur le docteur Mavromati ouvrira un cours de littéra- ture Greeque, il fera sentir le caractere des divers genres de constructions gtammaticales et Vesprit des tours oratoires ou poctiques, il marquera com- parativement les beautés dont ils sont susceptible, avec les défauts qu’on doit éviter pour écrire avec élégance et pureté la langue Grecque. Il passera de ces éléments & la comparison des auteurs, en cherchant a reconnaitre la trempe de leur genie dans le caractére de leur stile, et Pélevant successivement des plus simples éludes aux plus composées ; il parlera tour a tour, des prosateurs didactiques, des philosophes, des historiens, des orateurs: enfin il étendra sa methode jusqu’aux ouvrages des pottes, en faisant sur le stile de la poesie tes études qu’il aura déja présentées sur Ie stile de la prose.APPENDIX. 1105 Au premier Octobre, époque de Vonverture des cours, I’Acadéimie fera con naitre les jours et les heures choisics par ses professeurs pour donner leurs legons, A Corcyre, Aott 28 année de la 147¢ olympiade (1809). Lee Seerétaire pour ta langue Francaise, Cx. Doris. ——a— Page 583. The History of the Patriarchs of Jerusalem, written by Dositheus, and printed in 1715, mentions the Seraglio library ; and Gregorias Ghika, Waywode of Wallachia, printed at Leipsic in 1772, in two volumes folio, a commentary on the bible, entitled, rege tov maregeov, @ book which all the Greeks of the fanal assured the Abbé Tederini, the author of the book on Turkish literature, was procured from the same collection by the Prince’s ancestors. ‘The story told in the volume which was hunted out of the records of the Imperial library by Villoison, and is given in the eighth volume of the Notice of the MSS. in that collection, which is subjoined to the last edition of the Academy of Inscriptions, printed’ at Paris in i8l0, will account for the possession of any rare manuscript vo- Iumes by wealthy individuals or corporations in Greece, and the asige maregeoy is known to have been in the Seraglio library. ‘The words of Monsieur Girardin, in his two letters to the Minister of Louis the Fourteenth, ace decisive, especially those of his second cpistle, “Je me suis, Monsieur, exactement informé de ce qui con- cerne cclle (la bibliothéque) du Grand Seigneur, et je puis vous assurer quelle est saus. ordre, et sans catalogue. Les MSS. Grecs ne consistoient qu'en 200 volumes, ou cnviron; et le Pere Besnier, apres les avoir examinés, n’a trouvé que ceux dont j'ai pris la liberté de yous envoyer le mémoire, qui meritassent d’en étre tirés pour la Vibliothéque de sa majesté. Tous les autres, mal conditionnés .ct 7D1106 APPENDIX. qui ne conticnnent que des auteurs imprimés depuis long temps, ont néanmoins été vendus sor le pied de 100 livres chacun; ainsi 11 N’EN RESTE PLUS DE CETTE LANGUE DANS LE SERRAIL. The MSS, selected by Besnier, were as follows: 1. All the works of Plutarch, a copy @f the thirteenth century. 2. Many of the works of Hippocrates and some others—fourtcenth century. 3. The Chain of the Fathers (cea woregov)—cleventh century. 4, Homer's liad—fifteenth century. 5. The Cassandra of Lycophron, Oppian, Dionysius Periegetes, Ammonius on the Isagoge of Porphyry, and a few other works—twelfth and thirteenth centuries. 6. Many of the works of Plato, and the golden verses of Pythagoras, fifteenth century. 7, The Qrations of Dion Chrysostom—fourteenth century, 8. Many works of Xenophon, Plato, Hero, Ptolemeus, Appian, Manuel Phile, and -others—fiftcenth century. 9. The great Syntax of Ptolemzus—fourteenth centyry. 10. Some works of ‘Philostratus, Alciphron, and others-eleventh century. 11. The uine books of the History of Herodotus—twelfth ‘century. 12. The annals of John Zonaras—thirteenth century. 13. The Homilies of Jacob the Monk on the Virgin Mary, and.some other productions of the same kind—eleventh century. 14, The Chronography of George Syu- cellus—cleventh century. 15. A voluminous collection of medical treatises, to which are prefixed the Aphorisms of Hippocrates— sixth century. 16. And finally, a Latin tract, Pauli Savetini Du- censis, concerning military tactics and warlike engines, with figures —the fifteenth century. The Abbé Sevin, who was gent by Louis the Fifteenth in search of MSS., was assured at Constantinople, that, all the Greek yo- lumes had been burnt by Amurath the Fourth; but how un- founded that assurance was, has been before seen. The Abbate To- derini, a subsequent traveller, gives a list of oriental bopks in the Seraglio, which a page of.the palace was forty days in copying.APPENDIX. 4107 The monastery of Patmos was found by Villoison, to contain a better regulated collection of MSS. and printed books, ‘than auy other library in the Levant. He saw there a. variety of ecclesi-. astical works, but only a few profane authors, of which he remarks none but the Dialogues of Plato, aud a part of Diodorus-Siculus from a recent hand. It possessed, however, an.excellent collection of some early editions, although much worm-eaten and otherwise injured. His words are: On y trouve aussi beaucoup de bons. liores Grecs imprimés, eb egalement rongés par les vers ; la plupart des bonrics éditions.des Peres.Grecs, quelques unes des Aldes et des Etiennes, entre autres les Pocte Greci Principes, et le Tresor de la langue Grecque de Henri Etienne ; v Anthologic en lettres Majus- cules de Lascaris ; le Démosthéne si precigux de Bernard Feliciani, Venise, 1543, le Suidas de Chalcondyle, l’Euripide d’Alde, enfin plusieurs autres editions primaires, devenues fort rare, parce qu’elles sont anciennes:et sont allées se perdre en Gréce et sur tout dans les cotivens de Mont Athos ; l’Eustathe de Rome, les Com- mentateurs Grecs d’ Aristote les Commentaires de la langue Grecque de Budée; quelques auteurs Italtene et Latins, comme St. Augus- lin de civitate Dei. Sce the same volume, p. 31. Page 64]. The inscription was:copied by Villoison, and is given as follows, in the Academy of Inscription, vol. xivii. p. 304, TMNQ OEoN MEAHTA TNIOTAMON TON SQTHPA MOY TIANTOS AE AOIMOYT KAI KAKOY MEIATMENOY. Paife 660." Plates 39 and 40, of Part IL. of the Tonian Antiqui- ties, contain a view of the Gymnasium at Ephesus, 7p47108 APPENDIX, Only'ACCEN “1 RENSI ET, remains of the inscription on: the arch of ‘Mount Prion. . 5 Page-704. Phanodicum quod attinet, id nominis {ut credide- rim) raro alibi obsefvatum. Peropportune tamen occurrit apud Scholitstem Apollonii Phanodicus historicus, Deliacorum auctor ; Idem. que, ut: videtur a Laertio semel atque iterum laudatus, tan- quam de tripode, sapientis dicto, deque Thalete et Biante scriptor*. It is possible, that some persons not smitten with the: love of an- tiquity, may be surprised that a treatise of great learning, and no in- considerable length,.and so much and such repeated attention have been: bestowed upon a memorial which, translated word for word,” from Chishull’s Latin interpretations, is as follows: , 1. 2. Of Phanodicus J agi (i.e. the Hermzan statue) theson Of Phanodicus ‘of Hermocrates of Procon- Tam, the son of Her- esus. And I the bowl, mocrates of Pro- and the stand of the bowl, and conesus, The bo- the cover, to the Prytancum + wl truly, and gave as a momorial, to the Sis the cover of the bowl, geans; but if any thing I should suffer, and the stand, to to take care of me I will command the Prytaneum the Sigeans. And he made gave he, me, Esopus, and his brothers. to the Sigeans, Page 706. There was, however, a Sigéum in the times of the Christian Emperors. Revixit tamen seculis Christianis et sub me- tropoli Cyzicend Episcopatis honore floruitt. * Chishull, Inscriptio Sigea, p. 32. + Sigea Inscriptio, p. 2, Lond, 1728,APPENDIX.: 1109 Page 749. The seventh plate in the second volyme of Banduri’s Imperium Orientale, gives a bird's-eye view of the straits of the Dardanelles, the sea of Marmora, and Constantinople. When it was taken is not mentioned in the plate, but it was after the building of the castle of Koum-Kale in 1659. In this view some old walls are put on Cape Sigéum ; other ruins, called Ruins de Troyc, are scen underneath, on the left bank of @ river, apparently the Mendere, which is called Xanthus or Scamander; and the stream, now the Thymbrek, is named the Simois.—This notice is of so much.impor- tance, that I regret much that it is not inserted in the text. Page 757. Iam desirous of proppifg up my own scepticism on the subject of the Troad, by the authority of fo less a person than Chishull, who visited the country in the year 1701, and who says of the site of the city— But still we must be cautious of pointing out and distinguishing the very place; since in the reign of Tiberius Casar, we are assured by Strabo, that there remained not the least footstep of ancient Troy to satisfy the curiosity of the most search- ing traveller. So vain are the accguots of our modern journalists, who pretend to have seen the walls, the gates, or other ruins of, Troy: that which now remains, being nathing but the rubbish of New Ilium, or of that city once attempted there by Constantine*,”” —— Pompey’s Pillar. Page 870. 'The inscription on Pompey’s Pillar is given by Sebastian Erizzo, and, as Mons. Villoison has observed, evidently more exactly than in most other copies— OCT. CAE. AUG. FLAY. CIAN. FAB. FIL, CLA, FRON. * Travels in Turkey, p35.