Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
STRUCTURAL NOTATIONS:
cc = clear cover from the nearest surface in tension to the surface of the flexural tension
reinforcement, mm.
Cm = a factor relating actual moment diagram to an equivalent uniform moment diagram.
d' = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of compression reinforcement, mm.
dc = thickness of concrete cover measure from extreme tension fiber to center of bar or wire located
closest thereto, mm.
ds = distance from extreme tension fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement, mm.
Ig = moment of inertia of gross concrete section about centroidal axis, neglecting reinforcement, mm 4.
M cr = cracking moment
ts = Thickness of slab
Vc = nominal shear strength provided by concrete
wu = factored load per unit length of beam or per unit area of slab.
= strength-reduction factor
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Modulus of elasticity- Young's modulus ( E ) describes tensile elasticity, or the tendency of an object to
deform along an axis when opposing forces are applied along that axis; it is defined as the ratio of tensile
stress to tensile strain. It is often referred to simply as theelastic modulus.
Modular ratio- is the ratio of Youngs Modulii of Elasticity of two different materials in construction by
composite materials.e.g. in a composite bar consisting of two different materials, one having Young's
modulus E1 and other having Young's modulus E2, then modular ratio is given by E1/E2.
f'c- is the specified compressive strength of concrete using standard cylinders of six inches diameter and
twelve inches height. Usually this is prescribed at the age of 28 days.
Moment of Inertia- a quantity expressing a body's tendency to resist angular acceleration. It is the sum of
the products of the mass of each particle in the body with the square of its distance from the axis of
rotation.
Unit weight- The specific weight (also known as the unit weight) is the weight per unit volume of a
material. The symbol of specific weight is (the Greek letter Gamma).
Dead Load-
the intrinsic invariable weight of a structure, such as a bridge. It may also include any permanentloads attac
hed to the structure.
Live load- a variable weight on a structure, such as moving traffic on a bridge.
Yield strength- refers to an indication of maximum stress that can be developed in a material without
causing plastic deformation. A material exhibits a specified permanent deformation and is a practical
approximation of the elastic limit at the stress. The yield strength is often used as an upper limit for the
allowable stress that can be applied.
Section modulus- is a geometric property for a given cross-section used in the design of beams or
flexural members. Other geometric properties used in design include area for tension and shear, radius of
gyration for compression, and moment of inertia and polar moment of inertia for stiffness.
Bending stress- is the normal stress that is induced at a point in a body subjected to loads that cause it to
bend. When a load is applied perpendicular to the length of a beam (with two supports on each end),
bending moments are induced in the beam.
shear stress- often denoted (Greek: tau), is defined as the component of stress coplanar with a material
cross section.Shear stress arises from the force vector component parallel to the cross section.
Shear connector- A connector (such as a welded stud, spiral bar, or short length of channel) which
resists horizontal shear between elements of a composite beam.
Deflection- is the degree to which a structural element is displaced under a load. It may refer to an angle
or a distance.
Tensile strength- refers to the amount of tensile (stretching) stress a material can withstand before
breaking or failing.
Eccentricity- A conic section is the curve described by a point which moves in a plane in such a manner
that it's distance from a fixed point in the plane (a focus) is in a constant ratio to it's distance from a fixed
line (a directrix) in the plane.
Jacking forces- are the sum of the vertical forcecomponents experienced by the suspension links.
Curvature friction loss- is basically the loss in tensioning or jacking force due to design curvature
wobble friction or wobble coefficient- is a function of unintended deviation due to faulty workmanship or
field restrictions.
Compressive strength- the resistance of a material to breaking under compression.
APPENDIX B:
I. REFERENCE
AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition - 2002
II. INPUT
A. SUPERSTRUCTURE DATA
Effective width of slab Ws = 5500 mm
Area Ag = 0.0381 m2
Centroid Yb = 0.4277 m
ts_tr = 0.025 m
ts
t str =
n
B. DISTANCE FROM C.G. OF SECTION TO BOTTOM OF GIRDERS
Dtot = 1.05547 m
Dtot=Dg+ ts
Atot = 0.25 m2
Atot =NAg+W s trts
ycg=
1
Atot [ ( ts
)
W str ts Dg+ + NAgyb
2
ycg = 0.716
] m
2
1 ts
Iz=
12 ( 2
Iz = 0.023
)
W s trt s 3+ W s trts Dtot ycg + NIz g
m4
N
1 2
Iy= W s 3t s tr + NI y g + Ag ( Si )
12 i=1
Iy = 0.684 m4
I. REFERENCE
AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition - 2002
II. INPUT
Span Length Ls = 18.5 m
Girder Length Ls = 18.4 m
Wg=AgirNgirconc
Wtrail=2Arailconc
Wtsw=2Aswconc
Wt. of Wearing Surface Wtws = 4.24 kN/m
Wtws=Rwtwsws1.10
DLsup=Wtrail+Wtsw+Wtws+Ws +Wg
DLsup = 57.62 kN/m
I. INPUT
A. SUPERSTRUCTURE DATA (Considering 1-m strip of deck slab)
Thickness of slab ts = 200 mm
Clear cover cc = 40 mm
Ab= d b 2
4
Area of single temp bar At = 113.10 mm2
At = d t 2
4
Area of single dist bar Ad = 201.06 mm2
Ad= d d 2
4
Wslab=tsconc1.05
Weight of wearing surface Wfws = 1.21 kN/m2
Wfws=tfwsfws1.10
Total Weight of DL WDL = 6.25 kN/m2
WDL=Wslab+Wfws
Moment due to DL MDL = 2.76 kN*m/m
1
MDL= WDLS 2
10
B. LIVE LOAD
HS 20-444 Truck Loading P = 72 kN
(wheel load = 144/2)
S+2ft
C.
(
MLL+ I =
32ft )
DESIGN ULTIMATE MOMENT
P(1+ I )OPk
Mu=1.30MDL+2.17MLL+ I
1.201
Mcr= 19.7 f ' ckPats2
6
|
4
(
Mcr if ( Mcr> Mu ) Mcr< Mu
3 )
MU = Mu if Mcr< Mu
4 4
Mu if Mcr Mu
3 3
Maximum Steel Requirement 1 = 0.85
|
0.85 if f ' c <30Mpa
1= '
0.850.008 (
f c
Mpa )
30 otherwise max = 0.022
[ )]
1f ' c 600
max=0.75 0.85
fy
( 600+
fy
Mpa
db
d=tscc
2
k = 0.095
Mum
k= ' 2
f cbsd
q = 0.101
1.70 1.7026.80k
q=
2
Required steel ratio = 0.007
qf ' c
=
fy
Minimum steel ratio min = 0.003
1.4
min=
fy
As=bsd
bsAb
spacing=
As
say Sb = 150 mm
B. DISTRIBUTION REINFORCEMENT
Note: Distribution reinforcement shall be placed transverse to the main steel reinforcement
in the bottom of all slabs to provide for the lateral distribution of the concentrated live loads.
The area of secondary steel should not exceed 67% of the area for primary reinforcement
%As = 83.50 %
121m
%As=
Sm
Required area of secondary steel As_d = 698.13 mm2
|
A s d = %AsAsif %As 67
67 %As otherwise
Spacing of secondary steel spacing = 288.00 mm
bsAd
spacing=
A sd say Sd = 250 mm
bsAt
, 3ts , 18
A st spacing = 427.45 mm
say St = 180 mm
spacing=min
12 mm @ 180 mm. O.C. shrinkage and temperature reinforcement for top of slab
I. INPUT
A. SUPERSTRUCTURE DATA
Thickness of slab ts = 200 mm
2
Ab= db
4
Unit weight of concrete conc = 24 kN/m3
Wsw= Aswconc
Wrail= Arailconc1.15
MDL=WswXsw +WrailXrail
B. LIVE LOAD
HS 20-44 Truck Loading P = 72 kN
(wheel load = 144/2kN)
AASHTO 3.24.5.1.1
Each wheel on the element perpendicular to traffic shall be
distributed over a width according to the following formula:
E = 1.26 m
E=0.80X +3.75ft
X
MLL+ I =P
C. DESIGN ULTIMATE MOMENT
E ( )
( 1+ I )
Mu=1.30MDL+2.17MLL+ I
III. DESIGN OF REINFORCEMENTS
A. TOP REINFORCEMENTS
Effective depth of slab d = 152 mm
db
d=tscc
2
k = 0.048
Mum
k=
f ' cbsd 2
qf ' c
=
fy
1.4
min=
fy
As=bsd
bsAb
spacing=
As
say Sb = 200 mm
16 mm @ 200 mm O.C. reinforcements for top of cantilever slab
I. REFERENCE
AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition - 2002
II. INPUT
A. BRIDGE DATA:
A.1 SECTIONAL PROPERTIES (W 33 x 201)
Cross sectional area Ag = 0.038129 m2
Depth d = 855.5 mm
Number of Girders n = 3
Lg=Ls2.5
Ws=tsa conc * Sg *
1.10
Wt. of Girder Wg = 3.23 kN/m
Wg=1.10
Wt 1=Ws+Wg
2
Wt 1Lg
Ml=
8
A.2 COMPOSITE LOADS
Wt. of Side Barrier Wsb = 6.8 kN/m
Asb conc2
Wsb=
n
Wt. of Wearing Surface Wbws = 1.41 kN/m
tbws fwsRw1.10
Wbws=
n
Total Weight Wt2 = 8.21 kN/m
Wt 2=Wsb+Wbws
50 ft
I= 0.30
Lg+ 125 ft
3.24 ft
Sg( )
1m DF = 1.25
DF=
5.5 ft
x = 3.73 m
Lg24.27
x=
2
Mll=McDF(1+ IF )
Se=nrSg
IV. DETERMINATION OF ALLOWABLE AND ACTUAL STRESSES:
A. COMPOSITE SECTION PROPERTIES
Area of Transformed Section Ats = 0.086 m2
Ats=( Sets ) + Ag
tf 2bf ( d2tf tf 2 d+ ts
Yb=
2
+ d2tf )tw (
2 ) (
+tf +tf bf d + Sets
2 ) 2 ( )
Ats
Yb = 0.721 m
Yt =d +tsYb
[ )] [ ) ] Ix
3 2 2
Sets ts d
Ix=
12 (
+ Sets Yt
2 (
+ Iz+ Ag Yb
2
= 0.0109 m4
Ix
Sb=
Yb
Sectiom Modulus (Top) St = 0.03 m3
Ix
St=
B. CHECKING FOR BENDING
Yt STRESS
Actual Bending Stress factb = 104.38 MPa
M 1 (M 2+ Mll)
factb= +
Sc Sb
fallowb=0.55Fy
|
Remark= OKAY if factb< fallowb
Not Okay otherwise
Remark = OKAY!
Wt 1Lg Wt 2Lg
Vdl= +
2 2
Reactions at Support
Vdl +Vll
factv =
dwtw
falllowv=0.33Fy
|
Remark= OKAY if factv < fallowv
Not Okay otherwise
Remark = OKAY!
b 3250
= 24
tallow fb
18.16 D fb = 0.561 mm
18.16 23000 18.16
= 5.03 mm
D
170
t w min =max [
( d2 tf ) factb
23000
psi (d2 tf )
,
170
] tw_min =
4.26
4.69
4.69 mm
|
Remark= OKAY if t w actual >tw min
Not Okay otherwise
Remark = OKAY!
VllIFQ
Sr =
Allowable Range
Ix of Shear Zr = 91875 N
0.175WcNcN
Zr =
mm
dl=d l nc + d l comp
Camber to be Provided Camber = 30 mm
DESIGN OF COPING
I. REFERENCE
AASHTO Standard Specificaations for Highway Bridge, 17th Edition - 2002
National Structural Code of the Philippines, Vol. II Bridges, 2010
II. INPUT
A. BRIDGE DATA
No. of Girders in Span2 Ng2 = 3
n2 = 1
S2j = 2.09 m
SPAN2
Span Length Ls2 = 18.5 m
|
bcol if Shcol=1
Sc= bcol2
if Shcol=2
4
Diameter of stirrups ds = 16 mm
wslab 1=WtTsconc1.10
Weight of girder
wg 1= Ag1Ng1steel ( Ls 11.70
Ls 1
m
) wg1 = 8.00 kN/m
wfws 1=WrTfwsfws1.10
wsb 1=2Asbconc
Weight of median barrier wmed1 = 0 kN/m
wmed 1= Amedconc
l 1Lg 1
wd Rdl_1 = 189.65 kn
2
Rd l 1=
Ng 1
SPAN2
Weight of slab + dia wslab2 = 29.04 kN/m
wslab 2=WtTsconc1.10
Weight of girder
wfws 2=WrTfwsfws1.10
wsb 2=2Asbconc
wmed 2= Amedconc
l 2Lg 2
wd Rdl_2 = 189.65 kN
2
Rd l 2=
B. LIVE LOAD Ng 2
I = 0.3
Pll_lane = 116 kN
B.1 LOAD CALCULATION AND REACTION COMPUTATION FROM LANE LIVE LOAD:
FOR SPAN1
Reaction due to Lane Load:(per girder)
wl l laneLg 1+ Plllane
Rl l 1= Nlanes( 1+ I )
2Ng1
Rll_1 = 62.47 kN
FOR SPAN2
Reaction due to Lane Load:(per girder)
|
Sc
0 m if S 1i <0
x 1 i= 2
Sc
S 1i otherwise
2
Distance of girder from the critical section (Span2)
x2j = 1.65 m
|
Sc
0 mif S 2 j <0
x 2 j= 2
Sc
C. MOMENT AND SHEARSDUE
2 jTO DEAD
2
otherwise
LOAD
1
Moment due to Dead Load
n1 n2 2
wcop Sc
Mdl= ( Rd l 1x 1 i ) + ( Rd l 2x 2 j ) +
i =1 j=1 2
Lc
2( )
Mdl = 749.16 kN*m
Shear due to Dead Load
n1 n2
Sc
i=1 j=1
(
Vdl= ( Rd l 1 ) + ( Rd l 2 ) + wcop Lc
2 )
Vdl = 864.88 kN
n1 n2
Mll= ( Rl l 1x 1i ) + ( Rl l 2x 2 j )
i=1 j=1
Mll = 206.39 kN*m
n1 n2
Vll= ( Rl l 1) + ( Rl l 2 ) Vll = 249.88 kN
i=1 j=1
Mu=1.30( Mdl+1.67Mll )
Vu=1.30( Vdl+1.67Vll )
1.70 1.7026.80k
q= q = 0.005
2
Required steel ratio = 0.0003
qf ' c
=
fy
4
As= bcdf
3
nleg 2
Av = ds
4
Avfydv
Vs=
sv
Shear capacity
check
=
|
OK if Vc+Vs> Vn
N.G. otherwise Shear_check = OK
Shea r
V. DESIGN SUMMARY
Width of Coping bc = 5.5 m
I. REFERENCE
AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition - 2002
II. INPUT
A. COPING PROPERTIES
Coping Dimension
Coping heights y2 = 1.6 m
y1 = 1.6 m
x1 = 1.2 m
Cross Sectional Area of Coping
Acop=x 2y 2+ x 1( y 1 y 2)
Acop = 1.92 m2
2 y 2 1( y 1 y 2 )( y 1+ y 2)
x 2y +x
2 2
y=
Acop
y = 0.80 m
B. COLUMN PROPERTIES
Column Diameter D = 1000 mm
Concrete Cover cc = 50 mm
Longitudinal Direction
Effective length factor for compression member
Kl = 2
4
D
Il=
64
Transverse Direction
Effective length factor for compression member
Kt = 2
It=Il
Response Modification Factor Rs = 3
Factor relating the actual moment diagram to an equivalent uniform moment diagram
Cm = 1
C. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Specified compressive strength of concrete
f'c = 28 MPa
D. DETERMINE LOAD COMBINATION OF ORTHOGONAL SEISMIC FORCES (AASHTO Div. I-A, Art.3.9)
Due to Load Case 1 (LC1 - 100%Long + 30%Trans)
Px1 = 0 kN
Px 1=1.00Pxl+ 0.30Pxt
Vy1 = 131.219 kN
Vy 1=1.00Vyl+0.30Vyt
Vz1 = 364.9575 kN
Vz 1=1.00Vzl+0.30Vzt
Px2 = 0 kN
Px 2=0.30Pxl+ 1.00Pxt
Vz2 = 1216.525 kN
Vz 2=0.30Vzl +1.00Vzt
Mx=
2 2
Mxl + Mxt
Rs
Rx = 412 mm
D2cc 2dsdb
Rx=
2
2
db
fi= fy fi = 421.401 kN
4
Ds=D2cc 2dsdb
Ds = 824 mm
total bars n = 44
nas
t=
Ds
4 4
Is= ( Ds+t ) ( Dst )
64 64
Longitudinal Direction
Pul = 3821.043 kN
Pul=Px 1+ Pxdl
rl=
Il
Ag rl = 0.25 m
= 36.4
KlLu
rl
EcIl
+EsIs
5
EIl=
1+ d
Eil = 1.00628E+1 MPa
5
2EIl
Pcl= Pcl = 120222626.5 kN
( KlLu )2
KlLu Cm
l=if
( rl
<22 ,1.0 ,
1
Pul
c trialPcl ) l = 1.048
Transverse Direction
Put = 3821.043 kN
Put=Px 2+Pxdl
rt=
It
Ag rt = 0.25 m
= 36.4
KtLu
rt
EcIt
+ EsIs
5 Eit = 1.00628E+1 MPa
EIt=
1+ d 5
2
EIt
Pct= Pct = 120222627 kN
( KtLu )2
t = 1.048
KtLu Cm
t=if
rt
(
<22 , 1.0 ,
1
Put
ctrialPct )
G. MODIFIED DESIGN FORCES OF COLUMN (AASHTO Div. I-A, Art. 7.2.1)
Note: Only the Elastic Seismic Moment are reduced by the R-factor.
l
Puma xlong =Pxdl+ Px 1
Rs
(1.30
c trial )
Pumin_long = 3821.04 kN
l
Puminlong =PxdlPx 1
Rs
(
1.30
c trial ) Mylong = 1337.282 kN*m
( MyRs1 )
Mylong=l Mydl+
Mzlong = 300.085 kN*m
Mz 1
Mzlong=l( Mzdl+
Rs ) Vylong = 131.219 kN
Vylong=Vydl+Vy 1
Vzlong = 364.9575 kN
Vzlong=Vzdl+ Vz 1
Mres_long = 1370.54 kN*m
Mre s long= Mylon g2 + Mzlon g 2
Vres_long = 387.830 kN
t
Puma xtrans =Pxdl+ Px 2
Rs
( )
1.30
c trial
t
Pumin_trans = 3821.04 kN
Pumintrans =PxdlPx 2
(
Mytrans=t Mydl+
Rs
() )
1.30
My 2 ctrial
Mytrans = 4457.606 kN*m
Rs
Mztrans = 90.026 kN*m
Mz 2
(
Mztrans=t Mzdl+
Rs ) Vytrans = 39.3657 kN
Vytrans=Vydl+Vy
2 Vztrans = 1216.525 kN
Vztrans=Vzdl+Vz
Mres_trans = 4458.52 kN*m
2
Mre s trans= Mytran s 2+ Mztran s 2
Vres_trans = 1217.162 kN
Vre strans= Vytran s2 +Vztran s2
|
Pde s max= Puma xlong if Mre slong > Mre s trans
Puma x trans otherwise
Pdesmax = 3821.04 kN
|
Pde s min = Pumi nlong if Mre s long > Mre strans
Pumi ntrans otherwise
Pdesmin = 3821.04 kN
c_act = 0.552
|
c= c act if c act < c trial
c trial otherwise
c = 0.552492639
Hinging Forces
Plastic Axial Forces Ph = 3821.043 kN
Ph=Pxdl
1.3
Mp= Mdes
c
B. SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
Core Diameter Dc = 0.9 m
Dc=D2cc
Vu = 387.830 kN
Vu=min ( Vre slong ,Vre s trans , Vp )
Lph2 = 0.624 m
Lclear
Lph2=
6
Lph3 = 0.4572 m
Lph3=18
Lph = 1 m
Lph=max ( Lph 1, Lph 2, Lph 3 )
bw=D
Depth (Circular Section) d = 0.8 m
d=0.80D
Vu
Vt= Vc
v
d s 2
Asp=
4
2
d s 2
Asp=
4
ssDc
, Asp=
4
2Asp sDc
Let , KB= =
s 2
fy KB3 = 3.213 mm
KB 3=
2
AASHTO Div. I-A, Art. 7.6.2( C ), Eqn. 7-5
KB4 = 3.652 mm
'
0.12f c
Dc
fy
KB 4=
2
Determination of Spiral Pitch @ Plastic Region
KB=max ( KB 1, KB 2, KB 3, KB 4 )
KB = 3.652 mm
sp = 172.040 mm
2Asp
sp=
KB
sph = 80 mm
2Asp 2
sp 2= sp2 = 125.172 mm
KB'
spo = 100 mm
Main Reinforcement
Column Diameter D = 1 m
Shear Reinforcement
Number of Spirals @ Plastic Region 12.5
nspiral = 13
nspiral=ceil ( Lph
sph )
sph = 80 mm
ds = 20 mm
Lpo=LclearLph
Lph_f = 1.04 m
Lp hf =nspiralsph
DESIGN OF FOOTING
I. REFERENCE
National Structral Code of the Philippines, Vol. II Bridges, 2010
II. INPUT
A. COLUMN AND FOOTING DIMENSION
Column dimension bc = 1 m
(at longitudinal direction, x-axis)
Column dimension hc = 1 m
(at transverse direction, z-axis)
Footing dimension L = 6 m
(at longitudinal direction, x-axis)
Footing dimension B = 6 m
(at transverse direction, z-axis)
Factor of safety FS = 2
(bearing pressure)
Concrete cover cc = 75 mm
Hs=Hc
Effective depth dL = 787.5 mm
(longitudinal direction)
dL=tccdb1.50
Effective depth
(transverse direction) dT = 812.5 mm
dT =tcc db0.50
B. PLASTIC FORCES
Maximum Axial Force Pu = 3821.04 kN
Pu=max ( Px 1, Px 2)
Maximum Moment Mu = 12568.37 kN*m
Mu=Mp+Vpt
C. FORCES UNDER SERVICE LOADS
Pll = 374.8199 kN
Pll=Rl l coping (2)( No . of Girders)
Pdl = 3821.04 kN
Pdl=Pu
P = 4195.86 kN
P=Pdl+ Pll
Mdl = 0.00 kN*m
Mdl=Mzd l column
Mll = 0.00 kN*m
M = 0.00 kN*m
M =Mdl+ Mll
Footing if qmax <Qallowqmin>0 kPa
Increase Footing
Remark= Remark = Footing Size OKAY
|
P ux 6e B
LB (
1+
B )
if e <
6
quma x x = 2P u x
otherwise
B
(
3L e
2 ) qumax_x = 219.90 kPa
|
P ux 6e B
( )
qumi n x = LB 1 B if e< 6
0 kPa otherwise
qumin_x = 219.90 kPa
Bearing Pressure OKAY if quma x x < FSQallow
Increase Footing
Remark=
Remark = Bearing Pressure
OKAY
|(
B
B if e <
6
Lz=
B
3
2 )
e otherwise
L
Eccentricity OKAY if e <
2
Increase Footing Remark = Eccentricity OKAY
Remark=
X = 1.7125 m
L bc
X = dL
2 2
( qumaxqumin )( LzX )
q u L =qumin+
Lz
qu_L = 219.90 kPa
1
V u L = ( qumax+ q uL )XB
2
Remark=
| OKAY if V c L > V u L
Increase footing thickness otherwise
Remark = OKAY
Pu_L = 7916.46 kN
Pu L =P ux
( qumaxqumin )(LX )
q u L1=qumin+
L
qu_L1 = 219.90 kPa
( qumaxqumin )( X)
q u L2=qumin+
L
qu_L2 = 219.90 kPa
1
V p L =Pu L ( q u L1 +q u L2 )( bc +dL )(hc +dL)
2
Vp_L = 7213.84 kN
v1
f cMPabodLVcp_L = 7448.62
'
Vc p L = kN
3
Remark=
| OKAY if V cp L > V p L
Increase footing thickness otherwise
Remark = OKAY
1f ' c
600MPa
fy
0.85 max = 0.0217
600MPa+ fy
max =0.75
B. DESIGN REINFORCEMENT ALONG LONGITUDINAL AXIS
X = 2.5 m
L bc
X=
2 2
( qumaxqumin )(LX )
q u L =qumin+
L
qu_L = 219.90 kPa
qf ' c
=
fy
Design steel ratio
|
if min< < max
des= minif min>
Increase footing thickness otherwise
des = 0.0034
Design steel area As_L = 15978.26 mm2
A s L =desBdL
Required number of bars
n_L = 32.551
A sL
nL=
2 say n_L = 33
d b
4
Unit
Bridge Item Unit Price Cost
Volume of Footing 32.4 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 234984.888
Volume of Column 6.4752 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 46962.16502
Volume of Coping 7.26 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 52654.0212
Volume of Railings 14.8 cu.m 7,659.89 Php/cm 113366.372
Volume of Deck Slab 40.7 cu.m 7,249.04 Php/cm 295035.928
Volume of Abutments 1.907 cu.m 7,252.62 Php/cm 13830.74634
Volume of Sidewalk 18.5 cu.m 7,659.89 Php/cm 141707.965
Steel Girder 33266.055 kg 51.40 Php/kg 5129625.688
Reinforcing bars
1525.7620
-Footing 3 kg 50.43 Php/kg 76944.17909
-Column 2035.8289 kg 50.43 Php/kg 102666.8513
-Coping 733.8453 kg 50.43 Php/kg 37007.8185
844.92077
-Railings 6 kg 51.40 Php/kg 43428.92789
6906.4311
-Deck Slab 7 kg 51.40 Php/kg 354990.5624
298.27260
-Abutments 6 kg 50.43 Php/kg 15041.88752
2474.9524
-Sidewalk 6 kg 51.40 Php/kg 127212.5563
TOTAL MATERIAL COST 6785460.557
LABOR COST
ASSUME TO BE 30% OF THE TOTAL MATERIAL COST 2035638.167
http://osp.mans.edu.eg/elbeltagi/Cost%20Ch4.pdf
FORMWORKS COST
ASSUME TO BE TWICE THE PRICE OF CONCRETE COST
RETRIEVED FROM 1797084.171
https://sites.google.com/a/bucknell.edu/slabtownbridge/preliminary-design-
report/construction-cost-estimate
6558220.47
TOTAL PRESTRESSED CONCRETE GIRDER BRIDGE COST 4
LABOR COST
505460.087
ASSUME TO BE 30% OF THE TOTAL MATERIAL COST 8
http://osp.mans.edu.eg/elbeltagi/Cost%20Ch4.pdf
FORMWORKS COST
ASSUME TO BE TWICE THE PRICE OF CONCRETE COST 1671796.88
RETRIEVED FROM 9
https://sites.google.com/a/bucknell.edu/slabtownbridge/preliminary-
design-report/construction-cost-estimate
3862123.93
TOTAL REINFROCED CONCRETE GIRDER BRIDGE COST 6