Académique Documents
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NPM:0215103090
International Business
What is International Business?
International business consists of transactions that are devised and carried out across national borders to satisfy
the objectives of individuals, companies, and organizations.
Types of International Business:Export-import trade,Foreign direct
investment,Licensing,Franchising,Management contracts
Culture
Characteristics of Culture: Culture is learned, shared, and transmitted from one generation to the next, Culture is
multidimensional, consisting of a number of common elements that are interdependent.
Elements of Culture: Language (verbaland nonverbal), Religion, Values and Attitudes, Manners and Customs ,
Material Elements , Social Institutions, Education, Aesthetics
Trade and Investment Policies
International Organizations: General Agreement on,Tariffs and Trade (GATT), World Trade ,Organization
(WTO)
Restrictions of Imports:Many countries including the United States have passed antidumping laws which help
domestic industries by restricting foreign products being sold below the cost of production
Effects of Import Restriction: Import control may result in the downstream change in the composition of
imports.
Export Promotion and inport promotion
The Theory of Trade and Investment
Mercantilism Mixed exchange through trade with accumulation of wealth
Classical Trade Theory: The Theory of Absolute Advantage, The Theory of Comparative Advantage
Factor Proportions Trade Theory Considers Two Factors of Production Labor,capital
Strategic Trade: Price, Cost, Repetition and Externalities
The Theory of International Investment: Seeking Resources,Seeking Factor Advantages,Seeking
Knowledge,Seeking Security,Seeking Markets
Financial Markets
The Market for Currencies, Exchange Rate Quotations and Terminology
Three reasons typically given for the enormous growth in foreign currency trading are: Deregulation of
international capital flows,Gains in technology and transaction cost efficiency, The world is a risky place.
International Security Markets The international debt securities markets have experienced the greatest growth in
the past decadeIt includes:Bonds, Equities, Private placements.
The international bond market provides the bulk of financing: Foreign bonds,Eurobonds, Bearer bonds
Economic Integration
Levels of Economic Integration,The Common Market and the Economic Union, A number of arguments
surround economic integration,These arguments center on:Trade creation and diversion, The benefits of
regionalism versus nationalism.
Economic Integration and the International Manager:Economic integration may have an impact on a companys
entry mode, Decisions regarding integrating markets must be assessed from four different perspectives:Effects
of change,Strategic planning,Reorganization,Lobbying
Building the Knowledge Base
The four primary reasons for the differences between international and domestic research are: New Parameters,
New Environmental Factors, An Increase in the Number of Factors Involved,A Broader Definitionof
Competition.Research Techniques: Interviews, Observation, Use of Web Technology,Focus Groups,Surveys.The
International Information System To be useful, the information system must be:Relevan,Timely,flexible,
Accurate.The Mechanisms of Export Complaint Systems: Environmental Scanning, Delphi Studies, Scenario
Building.
Nama: Hafinudin Nuryana
NPM: 0215103090
Bisnis internasional
bisnis internasional terdiri dari transaksi yang dirancang dan dilakukan lintas batas nasional untuk memenuhi
tujuan individu, perusahaan, dan organisasi.
Jenis Bisnis Internasional: Perdagangan Ekspor-impor, investasi asing langsung, Perizinan, Waralaba, kontrak
Manajemen
Budaya
Karakteristik Budaya: Budaya dipelajari, bersama, dan ditransmisikan dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya,
Budaya adalah multidimensi, yang terdiri dari sejumlah elemen umum yang saling bergantung.
Elemen Budaya: Bahasa (verbaland nonverbal), Agama, Nilai dan Sikap, Manners dan Bea Cukai, Material
unsur, Lembaga Sosial, Pendidikan, Estetika
Organisasi Internasional: Persetujuan Umum tentang, Tarif dan Perdagangan (GATT), World Trade Organization
(WTO)
Pembatasan Impor: Banyak negara termasuk Amerika Serikat telah lulus undang-undang antidumping yang
membantu industri dalam negeri dengan membatasi produk asing yang dijual di bawah biaya produksi
Pengaruh Impor Restriction: kontrol Impor dapat mengakibatkan perubahan hilir dalam komposisi impor.
Klasik Teori Perdagangan: Teori Keunggulan Absolut, The Theory of Comparative Advantage
Faktor Proporsi Teori Trade Mempertimbangkan Dua Faktor Produksi Tenaga Kerja, ibukota
Teori Investasi Internasional: Mencari Sumber Daya, Mencari Factor Keuntungan, Mencari Pengetahuan,
Mencari Keamanan, Mencari Pasar
Pasar keuangan
Tiga alasan biasanya diberikan untuk pertumbuhan besar dalam perdagangan mata uang asing adalah:
Deregulasi arus modal internasional, Keuntungan dalam teknologi dan efisiensi biaya transaksi, dunia adalah
tempat yang berisiko.
Internasional Pasar Keamanan Utang pasar sekuritas internasional telah mengalami pertumbuhan terbesar dalam
decadeIt masa lalu meliputi: Obligasi, Saham, penempatan Swasta.
Pasar obligasi internasional menyediakan sebagian besar pendanaan: Obligasi luar negeri, Eurobonds, obligasi
Pembawa
Integrasi ekonomi
Tingkat Integrasi Ekonomi, The Common Market dan Uni Ekonomi, Sejumlah argumen mengelilingi integrasi
ekonomi, argumen ini berpusat pada: penciptaan Perdagangan dan pengalihan, Manfaat regionalisme
dibandingkan nasionalisme.
Integrasi ekonomi dan Manajer Internasional: Integrasi ekonomi mungkin berdampak pada mode entri
perusahaan, Keputusan mengenai pasar mengintegrasikan harus dinilai dari empat perspektif yang berbeda:
Pengaruh perubahan, perencanaan strategis, Reorganisasi, Melobi
Empat alasan utama untuk perbedaan antara penelitian internasional dan domestik adalah: Parameter Baru,
Faktor Lingkungan Baru, Kenaikan dalam Jumlah Faktor Terlibat, A lebih luas Definitionof
Competition.Research Teknik: Wawancara, Observasi, Penggunaan Teknologi Web, Focus Groups, Surveys.The
Internasional sistem informasi Untuk menjadi berguna, sistem informasi harus: relevan, tepat waktu, fleksibel,
Accurate.The Mekanisme sistem Pengaduan Ekspor: Scanning Lingkungan, Studi Delphi, Skenario Building.