F3036 – OPEN SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEM

TOPIC 2 – INSTALLATION OF LINUX

Hardware requirement for installing Linux?

 Processor
o All types of processor begin from Intel 8080 – latest version (i7)
 Memory
o 256 MB of RAM
 Hard disk space
o 40 GB

Installation method

 CD-ROM/DVD-ROM
 Hard disk / USB drive
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server
 Web server
o download ISO file
 Server Message Blog (SMB) Server
o Samba must have network /
 Virtual Network Computing (VNC) Server Internet connection
o Remote hosting
 Network File System (NFS) Server

Partition in Linux

 Root directory
 Virtual memory / swap memory

Reasons to create partition?

 To create multiple OS
 To create multiple partitions within an OS
 To differentiate the types of file systems

How to partition a disk?

 Automatically partitions
 Manual partitioning with graphical partitioning tools such as Disk Druid
 Use fdisk utility
 Use GNU parted

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© july 2010 - mohd firhan jasni
F3036 – OPEN SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEM

Linux File System

Important partition in Linux System

 /usr - this is where most executable binaries, the kernel source tree and much
documentation go
 /var - This is where spool directories such as those for mail and printing go. In addition, it
contains the error log directory.
 /tmp - This is where most temporary data files stored by applications.
 /boot - This is where the kernel images and boot loader configuration go.
 /home - This is where users home directories go

What is boot loader?

 It is the first software program that runs when a computer starts.

 It is responsible for loading and transferring control to the kernel software.
 Then the kernel, initializes the rest of the operating system.
 The types of boot loader:
o GRUB – Grand Unified Bootloader
o LILO – Linux Loader

GRUB features

 which is installed by default

 is a very powerful boot loader.
 GRUB can load a variety of free OS, as well as proprietary OS with chain-loading
o the mechanism for loading unsupported operating systems, such as DOS or Windows,
by loading another boot loader

LILO features

 is a versatile boot loader for Linux.

 It does not depend on a specific file system,
 can boot Linux kernel images from floppy diskettes and hard disks.

What is Disk Partitioning?

 It is the act or practice of dividing the storage space of a hard disk drive into separate data
areas known as partitions.
 A partition editor program can be used to create, delete or modify these partitions.
 Once a disk is divided into several partitions, directories and files of different categories may
be stored in different partitions.
 More partitions provide more control but too many may become cumbersome.
 Each partition can be used for a file system or as a swap partition.
 Multiple partitions allow directories such as /tmp, /usr, /var, or home directory space to be
allocated its own file system.
 specific file systems can be mounted read-only, or with the execution of setuid files disabled
(thus enhancing security)
 Typical Linux desktop systems often use only two partitions: a single "/" (root directory)
containing the entire filesystem plus a much smaller swap partition.

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© july 2010 - mohd firhan jasni