TTCAN

(TIME-TRIGGERED CAN)
Prof. Karthiga Yuvaraj
TIFAC-CORE, VIT University
 Event-Triggered & Time-Triggered
Communication
Communication protocol Synchronous (time-triggered) &
Asynchronous (event-triggered) model.
Event-triggered:
Communication transactions are triggered by external event
(pressing of button or firing of fuel injector).
Sporadic in nature.

Time-triggered:
Msg transaction initiated based on progression of time.
Similar to TDMA Each node is given a time processes a local
clock & msg transaction schedule (to indicate when to transmit &
receive).
Generic Time-Triggered Network
 Overview
Exchange of a specific message may only occur at a predefined
time during time-triggered operation.
This 'benchmark' in time, to which all other communication
transactions are related, is defined by the Start Of Frame (SOF)
bit of a specific message (Reference message).
Ref msg is transmitted either periodically or by a specific
external event.
Other nodes in the TTCAN network will recognize Ref msg
using the identifier.
Each node synchronizes to the Ref msg, which provides Ref
point in the static schedule (based on TDA).
Matrix Cycle
 Composed of Basic Cycles (rows of the matrix) and
Transmission Columns (columns of the matrix).
Basic Cycles: Commences with the occurrence of Ref. msg,
duration b/w two Ref. msg.
Complete matrix all basic cycles: Matrix Cycle message
transaction schedule, continuously repeated.
Cycle_Count: Transmitted in Ref. msg, observed by all n/w
members, indexes the current basic cycles of matrix cycle.
Cycle_Time: Elapse time in interval b/w Ref. msg.
Node which transmits the first Ref. msg in the matrix cycle is
the Time Master (determines the point in which all other msg
transaction are referenced).
 Time Windows same in time domain, differ in data domain.
Free time windows
Arbitrating time windows
Exclusive time windows
Free time windows: Intervals where the bus is scheduled to
be idle. For future system expansion.
Tx_enable window: Within an Exclusive or Arbitrating time
window, transmission of a message commences only during
this interval.
 Arbitrating time windows: CAN's native bitwise arbitration
process.
Several nodes may attempt to transmit during Tx_Enable phase of
an arbitrating time window.
Automatic retransmit in CAN is disabled and msgs which loose
arbitration, may not re-try.
The only exception to this rule exists in the case of merged
arbitrating windows.
Merged Arbitration time window: Arbitrating time windows
which are consecutive in a Basic Cycle may be merged to form
a single large Merged Arbitrating time window.
Exclusive time window: Only one message from a specific
network node may be transmitted.
No competition for medium, as the window has been
assigned to a single node which may exclusively use the
medium to transmit.
 Time Triggered & Event Synchronized
Operation
TTCAN allows Basic Cycles to synchronise to the
occurrence of an event in a Time Master.
This procedure starts with the current Time Master
transmitting a Next_is_Gap bit in the Reference message.
The current Basic Cycle then takes place as normal and then
a time interval with no network activity follows.
The Matrix Cycle is effectively suspended.
Network activity is resumed when a Time Master transmits a
Reference message thus announcing the start of the next
Basic Cycle.