Manual

Outdoor instrument transformers

Table of contents

General information Outdoor instrument transformers 3

Denitions 4
Packaging, transport and storage 6

IMB 36-800 kV Installation 8

Maintenance 10
Oil sampling 12
Tan-w measurement 14

EMF 52-170 kV Installation 16

Maintenance 18
Oil sampling 19

CPB 72-800 kV Installation 20

Maintenance 23
Oil sampling 24

CCB 72-800 kV Installation 26

Maintenance 27

Optional accessories Surge arrester 28

Manometer 29
Anti-condensation heater 30
Spark gap device 31
Oil test plug 32
Oil test valve 33
PLC carrier accessories 34
PQSensor 38
Undrilled top plate 40
C2 test outlet 41

Pre-/post-energizing Disposal 42

Troubleshooting 44
Checklist 45

2 Table of contents | Manual

Outdoor instrument transformers

ABB has been producing instrument transformers for more than
60 years. Thousands of our products perform vital functions in
electric power networks around the world day after day, all year
round. Their main applications include revenue metering, control,
indication and relay protection.
All instrument transformers supplied by ABB are tailor-made to
meet the needs of our customers. An instrument transformer
must be capable of withstanding very high stresses in all climatic
conditions. We design and manufacture our products for a service
life of at least 30 years. Actually, most last even longer.

Thank you for purchasing an ABB outdoor instrument transformer. Please carefully
read the applicable parts of this manual before installing and energizing the instrument
transformer.

The manual should be saved for future reference for the entire service life of the
instrument transformer. The gures in this manual are only intended for illustrative
purposes.

Please contact your local ABB ofce if you have any questions.

Manual | Outdoor instrument transformers 3

Denitions
System voltage
The system voltage is the maximum voltage (phase to phase),
expressed in kV RMS, of the system for which the equipment is
intended. It is also known as maximum system voltage.
Rated insulation level
The combination of voltage values that characterize the insulation
of an instrument transformer with regard to its capability to
withstand dielectric stresses. The rated value given is valid
for altitudes d1000 m above sea level. A correction factor is
introduced for higher altitudes.
Lightning impulse test
The lightning impulse test is performed with a standardized wave
shape 1.2/50 s for simulation of lightning overvoltage.
Rated power frequency withstand voltage
This test is to show that the apparatus can withstand the power
frequency overvoltages that can occur. The rated power frequency
withstand voltage indicates the required withstand voltage. The
value is expressed in kV RMS.
Rated SIWL
For voltages t300 kV the power-frequency voltage test is partly
replaced by the switching impulse test. The wave shape 250/2500
s simulates switching overvoltage. The rated switching impulse
withstand level (SIWL) indicates the required withstand level
phase-to-ground (phase to-earth). The value is expressed in kV as
a peak value.
Rated chopped wave impulse withstand voltage, phase-to-
ground
The rated chopped wave impulse withstand level at 2 s and 3
s respectively, indicates the required withstand level phase-to-
ground (phase-to-earth).
Installation altitude
If installed >1000 m above sea level, the external dielectric
strength is reduced due to the lower density of the air. Always
specify the installation altitude and normal rated insulation levels.
ABB will make the needed correction when an altitude higher than
1000 meters ASL is specied. Internal insulation is not affected by
installation altitude, and dielectric routine tests will be performed at
the rated insulation levels.
Creepage distance
The creepage distance is dened as the shortest distance along
the surface of an insulator between high voltage and ground.
4 Denitions | Manual
Rated frequency
The rated (power) frequency is the nominal frequency of the
system expressed in Hz for which the instrument transformer is
designed to operate. Standard frequencies are 50 Hz and 60
Hz. Other frequencies, such as 16 2/3 Hz and 25 Hz, might be
applicable for some railway applications.
Ambient temperature
Average 24-hour ambient temperature above the standardized
+35C inuences the thermal design of the transformer and must
therefore be specied.
Pollution level
Environmental conditions with respect to pollution are sometimes
categorized in pollution levels. Five pollution levels are described in
IEC 60815-1.
Wind load
The specied wind load for an instrument transformer intended for
outdoor normal conditions is based on a wind speed of 34 m/s.
Rated primary current
The rated current (sometimes referred to as rated current,
nominal current or rated continuous current) is the maximum
continuous current the equipment is allowed to carry. The current
is expressed in A RMS. The maximum continuous thermal current
is based on an average 24-hour ambient temperature of +35C.
It should be selected about 1040% higher than the estimated
operating current. The closest standardized value should be
chosen.
Extended current ratings
A factor that multiplied by the rated current gives the maximum
continuous load current and the limit for accuracy. Standard
values for extended primary current are 120, 150 and 200% of
rated current. Unless otherwise specied, the rated continuous
thermal current shall be the rated primary current.
Rated secondary current
The standard values are 1, 2 and 5 A. 1 A gives an overall lower
load requirement through lower cable load.
Rated short-time thermal current (Ith)
The rated short-time withstand current is the maximum current
(expressed in kA RMS) that the equipment shall be able to carry
for a specied time duration. Standard values for duration are 1 or
3 s. Ith depends on the short-circuit power of the grid and can be
calculated from the formula: Ith = Pk (MW) / Um (kV) x 3 kA.
Rated dynamic current (Idyn)
The dynamic short-time current is according to IEC,
Idyn = 2.5 x Ith and according to IEEE, Idyn = 2.7 x Ith
Primary reconnection
The ampere turns for a current transformer always remain the
same, and consequently, the load capacity (load) remains the
same. The short-circuit capacity however, may be reduced for the
lower ratios. Primary reconnection is available for currents at ratios
2:1 or 4:2:1.
Secondary reconnection
Extra secondary terminals (taps) are run from the secondary
winding. The load capacity drops as the ampere turns decrease
on the taps, but the short-circuit capacity remains constant. Each
core can be individually reconnected.
Load
The external impedance in the secondary circuit in ohms at the
specied power factor. It is usually expressed as the apparent
power in VA -, which is taken up at the rated secondary current.
It is important to determine the power consumption of connected
meters and relays including the cables.
RCT
The secondary winding resistance at 75C
Instrument security factor (FS)
To protect meters and instruments from being damaged by high
currents, an FS factor of 5 or 10 is often specied for measuring
cores. This means that the secondary current will increase a
maximum of 5 or 10 times when the rated load is connected.
FS10 is normally sufcient for modern meters.
Accuracy limit factor (ALF)
The protection cores must be able to reproduce the fault current
without being saturated. The overcurrent factor for protection
cores is called ALF. ALF of 10 or 20 is commonly used. Both FS
and ALF are valid at the rated load only. At a lower load the FS
and ALF will increase.
Simultaneous load (IEC)
Metering windings and protection windings not connected
in open delta are considered as under simultaneous load. A
protection winding connected in open delta is not considered as a
simultaneous load.
Voltage factor (FV)
It is important that the voltage transformer, for thermal and
protection reasons, can withstand and reproduce the continuous-
fault overvoltages that can occur in the grid. The overvoltage
factor is abbreviated as FV. The IEC standard species a voltage
factor of 1.2 continuously and simultaneously 1.5/30 s. for
systems with effective grounding with automatic fault tripping, and
1.9/8 h for systems with insulated neutral points without automatic
ground fault systems.
Accuracy, according to IEC, for measuring windings is fullled
between 0.8 and 1.2 x rated voltage and for protection windings
up to the voltage factor (1.5 or 1.9 x rated voltage).
Thermal limit load
Thermal limit load is the total power the transformer can supply
without excessively high temperature rise. The transformer
is engineered so that it can be loaded with the impedance
corresponding to the load at rated voltage, multiplied by the
square of the voltage factor. This means that at a voltage factor
of 1.9/8 h, for example, the limit load = total rated load x 1.92.
The transformer cannot be subjected to a higher limit load
without exceeding the rated load. Consequently, because of load
considerations, it is unnecessary to specify a higher thermal limit
load.
Ferro resonance
Ferro resonance is a potential source of transient overvoltage.
Three-phase and single-phase switching, blown fuses, and
broken conductors can result in overvoltage when ferro resonance
occurs between the magnetizing impedance of a transformer
and the system capacitance of the isolated phase or phases. For
example, the capacitance could be as simple as a length of cable
connected to the ungrounded winding of a transformer. Another
example of ferro resonance occurring is when an inductive voltage
transformer is connected in parallel with a large grading capacitor
across the gap of a circuit breaker. Ferro resonance is usually
known as a series resonance.
Manual | Denitions 5
Packaging, transport and storage
General information
As far as the height permits, instrument transformers are shipped
vertically in packages of three or as single units; see Figure 1 on
the next page. Single units can also be shipped in the horizontal
position depending on the type of transformer.
Note!
Transformers delivered in horizontal creates shall
always be transported, if transported horizontally,
with the same side up as when delivered.
Special optional accessories, such as Roxtec cable entry kits
and certain ground terminals, are kept in the terminal box or are
secured inside the crate together with the primary terminals.
Dampers, adapters, surge arrester etc. are secured to the bottom
of the crate or packed in a separate crate. The crate materials and
packing methods for instrument transformer are specied in the
following chapters of this document.
Crate markings
The following applies to crates:
- A packing list and unpacking instructions are stapled to
the inside of the crate.
- All crates transported in the vertical position are marked
with position tags that are stapled on opposite sides of
the crate.
- The center of gravity is marked on two opposite sides of
the crate.
- The crate label is painted on all four sides. The gross
weight is painted on two opposite sides of the crate.
- When transported horizontally, the goods label is stapled
on two sides of the crate, both the long and the short
side. For vertical transportation the goods label is stapled
on the two short sides of the crate.
- The crate is marked with international pictorial markings
on at least two sides, i.e. ISPM 15, UN3363, Marine
Pollutant and label of class 9+ label marine pollutants.
Crate disposal
The crates consist of a bottom frame, sides and cover made of
wood. There are also a number of nails, screws and brackets.
Furthermore, there are strips of felt or foam rubber to protect the
paint (only applicable for painted units). These components can be
recycled according to local regulations.
Heat treatment of crates
The wooden transport crates have been debarked and heat
treated in conjunction with kiln drying.
6 Packaging, transport and storage | Manual
The wood crate material is approved under SWPP, the Swedish
Wood Packing Program, and fullls the requirements for treatment
and marking stipulated in the FAO standard
ISPM 15.
The treated crates are marked with the ISPM 15 symbol to
certify that they have been subjected to approved measures. The
marking is clearly visible on at least two opposite sides of the
crate.
Transportation
An instrument transformer is packed in an export crate, designed
to withstand the stresses of transport and storage. However, the
following have to be considered during transport:
- The instrument transformer must be handled with care to
avoid mechanical damage.
- Lifting of the crate is preferably by forklift.
If slings are used, make sure that the slings pass outside
the crossbar at the bottom of the crate to avoid the risk
of dropping the crate.
- Transformers packed vertically must not be tilted more
than 45 during transport or storage.
Caution!
Transformers delivered in horizontal creates shall
always be transported, if transported horizontally,
with the same side up as when delivered.
Unpacking
Instructions for unpacking and lifting accompany each
transformer. When unpacking, check the contents of the crate
against the packing list attached inside each crate, and inform
the nearest ABB representative if there is a discrepancy. Crate
damage may be a sign of rough transport. Immediately register all
claims regarding any visible damage to the crates or the contents,
as well as any shortages, with the carrier and the appropriate
insurance agent. In the event of damage, it is advisable to take
photos.
Caution!
Do not install or attempt to repair any transformer
showing visible damages.
Be especially observant of signs of oil leakage and insulator
damage, and that oil is visible in the oil level glass on the
transformer. Leakage must be immediately localized.
Storage Caution!
The unit must be stored on a at and stable surface with a suitable Do not install or attempt to repair any transformer
load capacity, and if possible, in its original packaging. showing visible damages.

Caution! For capacitor voltage transformers and coupling capacitors,

Transformers delivered in horizontal creates shall power losses may result from capacitor components that have
always be stored with the same side up as when not been energized for an extended period.. After connecting
delivered. the capacitors to the rated voltage, power losses will begin to
decrease. They will likely recover their original values after a period
For extended storage, the contact surfaces should be protected of continuous operation at rated voltage. Note that although the
from corrosion. Before placing in service, ensure that all contact trend of increasing power loss is counteracted after a period of
surfaces are thoroughly cleaned. time in operation, the site power loss measurements may still
show a slight discrepancy in relation to factory values due to the
If the unit is stored horizontally under unfavorable climatic much lower test voltage applied on site.
conditions, corrosion can occur on secondary terminals and
accessories in the terminal box. This because drainage is
Note!
optimized for the upright position only. When stored horizontally,
Horizontal creates can be stacked with maximum
the terminal box must be checked for condensation and
three creates for transformers of system voltages up
penetrating moisture. Before long-term storage, appropriate
to and including 362kV and two for system voltages
measures must be taken, such as connecting any available
in the range of 420-800kV.
heating elements, or placing silica gel or an equivalent drying
agent in the terminal box. This applies for storage of up to two
years. For longer storage of up to ve years, the transformer must
be stored indoors or under a roof. The maximum time for storage
in the original crate without any protection is six months. If the
transformer is stored protected, make sure the building is very well
ventilated.

1 Example of a single unit packed using a horizontal single package | 2 Example of three units packed using vertical three pack
1 2

Manual | Packaging, transport and storage 7

IMB 36-800 kV
Installation

CAUTION
FOR YOUR SAFETY
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO HANDLE, INSTALL,
USE OR SERVICE THIS PRODUCT
BEFORE READING THE INSTRUCTION
MANUAL.
Failure to read the instruction manual prior
to performing these actions can lead to
serious injury and/or damage.
Delivery
Check the transformer for any transport damages immediately
upon delivery. Damage to packaging may be a sign of rough
handling. Note any damage (it is advisable to take pictures)
and contact the appropriate insurance company. Check the
transformer. Be especially observant of signs of oil leakage
and insulator damage and that oil is visible in the oil level glass.
Leakage must be immediately localized.

Lifting the instrument transformer

Safety notice Each package is delivered with detailed lifting instructions that
This current transformer should be installed within the design must be complied with when lifting. Any deviation from the
limitations as described on the rating plate and in these instructions may harm the product. If the transformer is delivered
instructions. Follow your companys safety procedures. in the vertical position, be sure to carefully read the instructions
This product is intended to be operated and maintained since tilting the product may be harmful.
by qualied persons who are thoroughly trained and who
understand the hazards involved. This publication is written The detailed lifting instructions can be sent separately if requested.
only for such qualied persons and is not intended to be a Please contact your ABB representative for further information.
substitute for adequate training and experience in safety
procedures for this device. Caution!
The current transformer has to be placed in the
vertical position for at least 24 (36-550 kV) /
WARNING 48 (800 kV) hours before energizing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF STANDARD REPAIR
PROCEDURES, SAFETY PRINCIPLES AND SERVICE
Assembly
OPERATIONS ARE NOT INCLUDED. IT IS IMPORTANT
Each transformer should be checked for possible oil leakage,
TO NOTE THAT THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CERTAIN
porcelain damage and other damage caused by rough handling.
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS REGARDING CERTAIN
Check that the oil level is correct according to the maintenance
SPECIFIC SERVICE METHODS THAT COULD CAUSE
chapter. If not, carefully check for possible oil leakage and contact
PERSONAL INJURY TO SERVICE PERSONAL OR COULD
ABB for further instructions.
DAMAGE EQUIPMENT OR RENDER IT UNSAFE. PLEASE
UNDERSTAND THAT THESE WARNINGS CANNOT COVER
Prior to assembly, ensure that the support structure is at and
ALL CONCEIVABLE WAYS IN WHICH SERVICE, WHETHER
horizontal. If not, correct with washers. Deformation of the bottom
OR NOT RECOMMENDED BY ABB, MIGHT BE PERFORMED
tank may otherwise occur and possibly lead to oil leakage and/or
OR POSSIBLE HAZARDOUS CONSEQUENCES OF EACH
insulator damage. The tolerance for atness is 1.5 mm.
CONCEIVABLE WAY, NOR COULD ABB INVESTIGATE ALL
SUCH WAYS. ANYONE USING SERVICE PROCEDURES
Connecting secondary terminals in the terminal box
OR TOOLS, WHETHER OR NOT RECOMMENDED BY
The secondary terminals must be carefully connected. There
ABB, MUST THOROUGHLY ENSURE ONESELF THAT
are markings on the terminal block. There is a wiring diagram on
NEITHER PERSONAL NOR EQUIPMENT SAFETY WILL
the transformers rating plate, inside the terminal box. Unused
BE JEOPARDIZED BY THE SERVICE METHOD OR TOOLS
secondary windings must be short-circuited over the respective
SELECTED.
"end" terminals and connected to ground. Each unused
secondary winding must be short-circuited. Ground terminals are
All information contained in this manual is based on the latest
located in the secondary terminal box.
product information available at the time of printing. The right
is reserved to make changes at any time without notice.
Caution!
Never leave a secondary winding open. Very high
induced voltages occur between the terminals,
dangerous for both personnel and transformers.

8 IMB 36-800 kV | Manual

Connection of ground terminals Caution!
As standard the transformer is delivered with a ground clamp High voltages are present at the capacitive tap when
which is to be installed on one of the mounting pads for grounding the current transformer is in service.
of the entire apparatus, see standard ground terminal in Figure 1.
In case the ground clamp is not installed on the mounting pad, Connection of DDF tap
upon delivery, the ground clamp is found inside the package.If The DDF terminal, if supplied, must be grounded to the terminal
special, optional, ground bars are ordered, these are found inside box when the current transformer is energized.
the package. Make sure that the ground terminal, by means of
a separate conductor, is securely connected to ground. Also
Caution!
make sure that the ground terminal is galvanically connected to
High voltages are present at the DDF tap when the
the mounting pad of the apparatus, in particular if the oil tanks
current transformer is in service.
surface is painted or anodized. Note that the ground terminal can
be attached on at least two feet.
Tan-w measurement
Before energizing, a tan-w measurement is recommended. This
There are also ground terminals in the terminal box for connection
measurement should be kept as a reference for maintenance
of appropriate winding terminals and cable screens.
measurements in the future. Its important that the same test
equipment is used for each measurement. Instructions for
Connection of capacitive tap
performing the tan-w measurement are provided in a later chapter.
The capacitive terminal, if supplied, must be grounded to the
terminal box if not used.

1 Connection of standard ground terminal (other types can be supplied upon request when an order is placed)

Manual | IMB 36-800 kV 9

IMB 36-800 kV
Installation

Connecting the primary terminals
Primary connections should be made so that static
mechanical loads on the primary terminals are minimized. This
is accomplished by using a exible component, either in the
connector or in another part of the primary connection.
A rigid, non-exible connection may result in oil leakage at the
primary terminals. All connections must be carefully made.
A connection that is not properly tightened can cause overheating
and damage to the transformer. The maximum permitted static
test load is according to the dimensional drawing for all directions,
in compliance with IEC.
Each crate is accompanied with detailed assembly instructions
for primary terminals; see types in Figures 1-5. Carefully follow the
instructions to avoid damage to the unit.

1 Connection for low current | 2 Connection for high current | 3 Connection for high current with both stud type and ag type shown | 4 Connection for
low current | 5 Connection for rated current
1 2

3 4 5

10 IMB 36-800 kV | Manual

IMB 36-800 kV
Maintenance

Minimal maintenance is required due to the transformer being Oil lling

hermetically sealed. A visual check is normally sufcient Oil may need to be lled when the oil level for IMB 36-170 is down
when the recommendation is to follow the checklist at the one liter, two liters for IMB 245-420 and more than three liters for
back of the manual. IMB 550-800. If oil needs to be lled, contact the manufacturer for
further instructions. Contact information can be found at the end
Check for oil leakage at the following positions: of the document.
- Oil level glass and oil lling plug
- Primary bushings
- Seals at top and bottom ange of the insulator
- Seal between the oil tank and lid 1 Oil level glass location on the current transformer
- Secondary terminal box bushing
- Oil drain plug

Transformer damage
Metal, porcelain and epoxy components are checked. Porcelain
components are cleaned as necessary.

Minor damage to insulator sheds can be repaired on site.

Instructions for repair of porcelain and polymer insulators can
be obtained from your ABB representative. See the contact
information at the end of this document.

Oil level check

The left side of the oil level glass, located as shown in Figure 1,
must always be dark, see Figure 2, at all ambient temperatures.
If the right side of the oil level glass is not completely black,
there is oil leakage. This should be localized and corrected as
soon as possible. When there is leakage, moisture can enter the
transformer.
2 Oil level glass indicating empty
Note!
The entire oil level glass must always be dark when
the transformer is in service.

Tan-w measurement
Tan-w measurements are recommended after 1520 years of
service, but if high values are noted, measurements should be
made once yearly. Upon request, transformers can be supplied
with a capacitive voltage terminal or DDF terminal that is normally
grounded.

Caution!
High voltages are present at all unconnected taps
when the transformer is in service.

Oil sampling
After a longer period of service (1520 years) or if damage is
suspected after for example, a major operational disturbance, an
oil sample can be extracted for testing of the oils moisture and
gas contents.

Manual | IMB 36-800 kV 11

IMB 36-800 kV
Oil sampling
Oil sampling and oil lling must be performed in dry weather
and with the transformer dry. The transformer must be taken
out of service and the transformer top must be grounded.
Transformers with coolers are sealed with an overpressure at
about +20C, and subsequently depressurized at about -10C.
Transformers with coolers for customers who have specied more
than +40C as the maximum ambient temperature are sealed
without overpressure at about 20C. Ensure that tools are at hand
before beginning work.
Caution!
Never open the oil plug on the oil tank when taking
an oil sample.
Note!
The transformer normally has a slight overpressure,
so be careful to avoid oil spillage when opening.
Preparation and information
Before taking the oil sample, the following should be checked:
- That the glass syringe is in proper condition, i.e. clean
and dry.
- Suitable tools are on hand for opening and sealing the
transformer.
- That a vessel for surplus oil is on hand to avoid spilling oil
onto the ground.
- It is recommended that a special oil sampling kit be
used, which can be ordered from ABBs diagnostic
lab. Contact information can be found at the end of the
document.
Using the syringe supplied by the manufacturer
The syringe supplied by the manufacturer has three valve
positions: closed, open through the hose and open to a side
outlet. The plunger may not be touched because of the risk of
drawing air into the syringe.
The syringe must be ushed with oil to ensure that the oil is
sampled and not mixed with air that is still in the hose. This is
done by extracting oil from the transformer, which is emptied by
changing the valve position and emptying the syringe through
the side outlet. During the procedure, ensure that no gases are
extracted from the transformer.
If a slight amount of gas has entered the syringe despite
preventive measures, hold the syringe upright and slowly press
out the gas with the plunger. If gases have been drawn into the
syringe, this should be noted in the report.
12 IMB 36-800 kV | Manual
Submitting oil samples and reports
Mark the syringe with the transformers serial number and ll in the
report.
Return the syringes and the questionnaire in the transport box as
soon as possible after sampling to the diagnostics lab, using the
delivery address stated in the end of the document.
Reports of analysis results and recommended measures are sent
by ABB within ten working days from reception of oil samples.
Additional information concerning sampling or analysis results can
be obtained from ABB Instrument Transformers.
Transformers with metal bellows, i.e. expansion chambers shaped
as cooling anges, may not be opened because of internal
overpressure. Contact ABB AB according to the information
above for oil sampling.
Transformers with gas cushion
The transformers have an oil lling hole at the top of the expansion
chamber where oil samples can be taken, see Figure 1-5 on the
next page, depending on type of expansion system. To take an oil
sample on the current transformer, follow the steps below.
- First open the oil lling cover.
Check the sampling syringe
- Carefully insert the hose into the oil lling hole. The hose
must be beneath the oil surface.
- Flush the syringe with oil from the transformer and empty
the syringe according to the information above.
- Close the side outlet and ll the syringe again with oil
from the transformer, taking care not to draw in gas. This
is the oil sample. Close the valve after sampling.
- Clean the sealing surfaces at the oil lling opening from
spilled oil and foreign matter, and install new o-rings if
necessary.
- Seal the transformer at a torque of 25 Nm.
Caution!
The caption for Figure 1-5, on the next page,
describes which of the expansion systems are
testable or non-testable through the oil lling hole.
Transformers with test plugs or test valves
If an instrument transformer is supplied with a oil test plug or oil
test valve there is no need to open the transformer to take an oil
sample. Information on how to use oil test valves and test plugs is
provided in the optional accessories chapter.
1 Expansion system with cooler (testable) | 2 Expansion system with cooler (non-testable) | 3 Expansion system without cooler (testable) | 4 Expansion
system without cooler (testable) | 5 Expansion system without cooler (testable)
1 2

3 4

Manual | IMB 36-800 kV 13

IMB 36-800 kV
Tan-w measurement
Before energizing, a tan-w measurement is recommended.
This measurement should be kept as a reference.
Measurement for maintenance measurements in the future.
Its important that the same test equipment is used for each
measurement.
Conditions for measurements
Field measurements made at ambient air temperatures below
10C have proven to produce inconsistent results. Measurements
shall preferably be made at temperatures around 20C.
Field measurements shall preferably not be made with rated
frequency to avoid disturbances. (Test equipment, such as DOBLE
M 4000 that uses a test frequency of 45-75 Hz, is available on
the market.) The relation between tan-w at 50 Hz and the test
frequency, for the range of interest for tan-w = 0.5-1.0%, is
tan-w50 Hz=ftest tan-wtest/50, where ftest is the test frequency used.
When making eld measurements it is important to try to
estimate the temperature of the test object. One way is to
measure the secondary winding resistance, just before making
the tan-w measurement, and comparing with the value given at
room temperature in the routine test report for the transformer.
Alternatively, the current transformer can be left non-energized
until the internal temperature drops to the ambient temperature.
(For IMB current transformers, this can be expected to take about
6-12 hours.)
The measurement can be made in different ways depending on
whether the current transformer is provided with a capacitive tap,
DDF terminal or without a special tap.
Current transformers equipped with capacitive voltage taps
It is recommended that measurements be made between the high
voltage terminals and capacitive tap, but measurements can also
be made between the capacitive tap and ground.
14 IMB 36-800 kV | Manual
Measurements between primary terminals and capacitive
taps
- Disconnect the primary terminals from the busbar.
- Measure the resistance of one secondary winding.
- Calculate the actual winding temperature, Ta, of
the winding as Ta = (Ra/Ro)(235-T0)-235 where Ra is
the measured winding resistance, R0 is the winding
resistance measured in the factory routine test and T0 is
the temperature during the factory routine test.
- Check that one end of all secondary windings is
connected to ground.
- Connect the tan-w bridge with point 1 to the voltage
terminal, point 2 to the ground/guard terminal and
point 3 to the current terminal of the test equipment as
described in Figure 1 on the next page.
For measurements between primary terminals and capacitive
taps, a test voltage up to 10 kV can be used depending on the
test equipment.
Measurements between capacitive taps and ground
- Connect one of the primary terminals to ground.
- Measure the resistance of one secondary winding.
- Calculate the actual winding temperature, Ta, of
the winding as Ta = (Ra/Ro)(235-T0)-235 where Ra is
the measured winding resistance, R0 is the winding
resistance measured in the factory routine test and T0 is
the temperature during the factory routine test.
- Check that one end of all secondary windings is
connected to ground.
- Connect the tan-w bridge with point 1 to ground,
point 2 to ground/guard and the current terminal and
point 3 to the voltage terminal of the test equipment as
described in Figure 1 on the next page.
Measurement between primary terminals to capacitive taps is
preferred, as this will provide information about the main part of
the insulation. Measurement between capacitive taps and ground
only provides information about a small part of the insulation. Test
voltages for measurement between capacitive taps and ground
must be limited to a maximum of 2.5 kV.
Current transformers equipped with DDF terminals 1 Test setup when performing a tan-w measurement. Point A is the primary
- Disconnect the primary terminals from the busbar. terminal, B is the ground terminal and C is the capacitive voltage tap or, if
supplied, DDF terminal
- Measure the resistance of one secondary winding.
- Calculate the actual winding temperature, Ta, of
the winding as Ta = (Ra/Ro)(235-T0)-235 where Ra is
the measured winding resistance, R0 is the winding
resistance measured in the factory routine test and T0 is
the temperature during the factory routine test.
- Check that one end of all secondary windings is
connected to ground.
- Connect the tan-w bridge with point 1 to the voltage
terminal, point 2 to the ground/guard terminal and
point 3 to the current terminal of the test equipment as
described in Figure 1. 1

For measurement between primary terminals and DDF terminals,

a test voltage can be used of up to 10 kV depending on the test
equipment.

Measurements between primary terminals and ground.

- Disconnect the primary terminals from the busbar.
- Isolate the transformer from the metal structure to avoid
leak currents.
- Measure the resistance of one secondary winding.
- Calculate the actual winding temperature, Ta, of
the winding as Ta = (Ra/Ro)(235-T0)-235 where Ra is
the measured winding resistance, R0 is the winding
resistance measured in the factory routine test and T0 is
the temperature during the factory routine test.
- Check that one end of all secondary windings is
connected to ground.
- Connect the tan-w bridge with point 1 to the voltage
terminal, point 2 to the ground/guard and the current
terminal of the test equipment as described in Figure 1.
Note that there is no point 3.

The test voltage for measurements between primary terminals

to ground can be 5 kV or 10 kV depending on the type of
equipment.

Test voltages must be limited to 22.5 kV if measuring between

capacitive taps and ground. For measurements between primary
terminals and ground or capacitive taps, a test voltage can be
used up to 10 kV depending on the test equipment. 3

Manual | IMB 36-800 kV 15

EMF 52-170 kV
Installation

CAUTION
FOR YOUR SAFETY
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO HANDLE, INSTALL,
USE OR SERVICE THIS PRODUCT
BEFORE READING THE INSTRUCTION
MANUAL.
Failure to read the instruction manual prior
to performing these actions can lead to
serious injury and/or damage.
Delivery
Immediately check the inductive voltage transformer for any
transport damage upon delivery. Damage to packaging may be a
sign of rough handling. Note any damage (it is advisable to take
pictures) and contact the appropriate insurance company. Check
the transformer. Be especially observant of signs of oil leakage
and insulator damage and that oil is visible in the oil level glass.
Leakage must be immediately localized.

Lifting the instrument transformer

Safety notice Each package is delivered with detailed lifting instructions that
This inductive voltage transformer should be installed within must be complied with when lifting. Any deviation from the
the design limitations as described on its rating plate and in instructions may harm the product. If the transformer is delivered
these instructions. Follow your companys safety procedures. in the vertical position, carefully read the instructions since tilting
This product is intended to be operated and maintained the product may be harmful.
by qualied persons who are thoroughly trained and who
understand the hazards involved. This publication is written The detailed lifting instructions can be sent separately if requested.
only for such qualied persons and is not intended to be a Please contact your ABB representative for further information.
substitute for adequate training and experience in safety
procedures for this device. Caution!
The inductive voltage transformer must be placed
in the vertical position at least 24 hours before
WARNING energizing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF STANDARD REPAIR
PROCEDURES, SAFETY PRINCIPLES AND SERVICE
Assembly
OPERATIONS ARE NOT INCLUDED. IT IS IMPORTANT
Each transformer should be checked for possible oil leakage,
TO NOTE THAT THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CERTAIN
porcelain damage and other damage caused by rough handling.
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS REGARDING CERTAIN
Check that the oil level is correct according to the maintenance
SPECIFIC SERVICE METHODS THAT COULD CAUSE
chapter. If not, carefully check for possible oil leakage and contact
PERSONAL INJURY TO SERVICE PERSONAL OR COULD
ABB for further instructions.
DAMAGE EQUIPMENT OR RENDER IT UNSAFE. PLEASE
UNDERSTAND THAT THESE WARNINGS CANNOT COVER
Prior to assembly, ensure that the support structure is at and
ALL CONCEIVABLE WAYS IN WHICH SERVICE, WHETHER
horizontal. If not, correct with washers. Deformation of the bottom
OR NOT RECOMMENDED BY ABB, MIGHT BE PERFORMED
tank may otherwise occur and possibly lead to oil leakage and/or
OR POSSIBLE HAZARDOUS CONSEQUENCES OF EACH
insulator damage. The tolerance for atness is 1.5 mm.
CONCEIVABLE WAY, NOR COULD ABB INVESTIGATE ALL
SUCH WAYS. ANYONE USING SERVICE PROCEDURES
Connecting secondary terminals in the terminal box
OR TOOLS, WHETHER OR NOT RECOMMENDED BY
The secondary terminals must be carefully connected. There are
ABB, MUST THOROUGHLY ENSURE ONESELF THAT
markings on the terminal block. There is a wiring diagram on the
NEITHER PERSONAL NOR EQUIPMENT SAFETY WILL
transformers rating plate, inside the terminal box. Each unused
BE JEOPARDIZED BY THE SERVICE METHOD OR TOOLS
secondary winding must be grounded at one point. Ground
SELECTED.
terminals are located in the secondary terminal box.

All information contained in this manual is based on the latest

product information available at the time of printing. The right Caution!
is reserved to make changes at any time without notice. Never short circuit a secondary winding. Very high
current will occur between the terminals, dangerous
for both personnel and transformers.

16 EMF 52-170 kV | Manual

Connection of ground terminals 1 Connection of standard ground terminal (other types can be supplied
As standard the transformer is delivered with a ground clamp upon request when an order is placed)

which is to be installed on one of the mounting pads for grounding

of the entire apparatus, see standard ground terminal in Figure 1.
In case the ground clamp is not installed on the mounting pad,
upon delivery, the ground clamp is found inside the package.If
special, optional, ground bars are ordered, these are found inside
the package. Make sure that the ground terminal, by means of
a separate conductor, is securely connected to ground. Also
make sure that the ground terminal is galvanically connected to
the mounting pad of the apparatus, in particular if the oil tanks
surface is painted or anodized. Note that the ground terminal can
be attached on at least two feet. 2 Assembly of primary terminal

There are also ground terminals in the terminal box for connection
of appropriate winding terminals and cable screens.

Neutral terminal
The transformer is equipped with an external, so-called neutral
terminal (N-terminal) on the primary winding. Check that it is
grounded to the grounding point in the terminal box.

Caution!
High voltages are present at the neutral terminal
when the voltage transformer is in service.

Connecting the primary terminal

The primary terminal is secured to the bottom of the crate. For
horizontal transport, the terminal is placed under the insulator and
for vertical transport the terminals are secured beside the oil tanks.

Mount the primary terminal on the top of the expansion tank, see
Figure 2, with four M10 bolts and washers with a tightening torque
of 45 Nm. Also mount other enclosed components, if any, such as
dampers, adapters etc. This can be done before the transformer
is mounted on the support.

The primary connection should be made so that the static

mechanical load on the primary terminal is minimized. The
maximum permitted static test load is according to the
dimensional drawing for all directions, in compliance with IEC.

Manual | EMF 52-170 kV 17

EMF 52-170 kV
Maintenance

Minimal maintenance is required due to the transformer being
hermetically sealed. A visual check is normally sufcient
when the recommendation is to follow the checklist at the
back of the manual.
Check for oil leakage at the following positions:
- Oil level glass and oil lling plug
- Seals at top and bottom ange of the insulator
- Seal between the oil tank and lid
- Secondary terminal box bushing
- Oil drain plug (if any)
Oil level check
The left side of the oil level glass, located as shown in Figure 1,
must always be dark, see Figure 2, at all ambient temperatures.
If the right side of the oil level glass is not completely black,
there is oil leakage. This should be localized and corrected as
soon as possible. When there is leakage, moisture can enter the
transformer.
Note!
The entire oil level glass must always be dark when
the transformer is in service.

Transformer damage Oil sampling

Metal, porcelain and epoxy components are checked. Porcelain After a longer period of service (1520 years) or if damage is
components are cleaned as necessary. suspected after for example, a major operational disturbance, an
oil sample can be extracted for testing of the oils moisture and
Minor damage to insulator sheds can be repaired on site. gas contents.
Instructions for repair of porcelain and polymer insulators can
be obtained from your ABB representative; see the contact
information at the end of the document.

Oil lling
Filling of oil can be necessary when the oil level in the transformer
is one liter low. If oil needs to be lled, contact the manufacturer
for further instructions. Contact information can be found at the
end of the document.

1 Oil level glass location on an inductive voltage transformer 2 Oil level glass indicating empty

18 EMF 52-170 kV | Manual

EMF 52-170 kV
Oil sampling

Oil sampling and oil lling must be performed in dry weather Reports of analysis results and recommended measures are sent
and with the transformer dry. The transformer must be taken by ABB within ten working days from reception of oil samples.
out of service and the transformer top must be grounded. Additional information concerning sampling or analysis results can
be obtained from ABB Instrument Transformers.
Caution!
Never open the oil plug on the oil tank when taking Transformers with gas cushions
an oil sample. The transformers have an oil lling hole at the side of the
expansion chamber where oil samples can be taken; see Figure 1.
To sample oil on the voltage transformer, follow the steps below.
Note!
- First open the oil lling cover.
The transformer normally has a slight overpressure,
Check the sampling syringe.
so be careful to avoid oil spillage when opening.
- Carefully insert the hose into the oil lling hole. The hose
must be beneath the oil surface.
Preparation and information
- Flush the syringe with oil from the transformer and empty
Before taking the oil sample, the following should be checked:
the syringe according to the information above.
- That the glass syringe is in proper condition, i.e. clean
- Close the side outlet and ll the syringe again with oil
and dry.
from the transformer, taking care not to draw in gas. This
- Suitable tools are on hand for opening and sealing the
is the oil sample. Close the valve after sampling.
transformer.
- Clean the sealing surfaces at the oil lling opening from
- That a vessel for surplus oil is on hand to avoid spilling oil
spilled oil and foreign matter, and install new o-rings if
onto the ground
necessary.
- It is recommended that a special oil sampling kit be
- Seal the transformer at a torque of 25 Nm.
used, which can be ordered from ABBs diagnostic
lab. Contact information can be found at the end of the
Transformers with test plugs or test valves
document.
If an instrument transformer is supplied with a oil test plug or oil
test valve there is no need to open the transformer to take an oil
Using the syringe supplied by the manufacturer
sample. Information on how to use oil test valves and test plugs is
The syringe supplied by the manufacturer has three valve
provided in the optional accessories chapter.
positions: closed, open through the hose and open to a side
outlet. The plunger may not be touched because of the risk of
drawing air into the syringe. 1 Expansion system with exploded view of the oil lling cover

The syringe must be ushed with oil to ensure that the oil is
sampled and not mixed with air that is still in the hose. This is
done by extracting oil from the transformer, which is emptied by
changing the valve position and emptying the syringe through
the side outlet. During the procedure, ensure that no gases are
extracted from the transformer.

If a slight amount of gas has entered the syringe despite

preventive measures, hold the syringe upright and slowly press
out the gas with the plunger. If gases have been drawn into the
syringe, this should be noted in the report.

Submitting oil samples and reports

Mark the syringe with the transformers serial number and ll in the
report.

Return the syringes and the questionnaire in the transport box as

soon as possible after sampling to the diagnostics lab, using the
delivery address stated in the end of the document.

Manual | EMF 52-170 kV 19

CPB 72-800 kV
Installation
CAUTION
FOR YOUR SAFETY
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO HANDLE, INSTALL,
USE OR SERVICE THIS PRODUCT
BEFORE READING THE INSTRUCTION
MANUAL.
Failure to read the instruction manual prior
to performing these actions can lead to
serious injury and/or damage.
Safety notice
This capacitor voltage transformer should be installed within
the design limitations as described on its rating plate and in
these instructions. Follow your companys safety procedures.
This product is intended to be operated and maintained
by qualied persons who are thoroughly trained and who
understand the hazards involved. This publication is written
only for such qualied persons and is not intended to be a
substitute for adequate training and experience in safety
procedures for this device.
WARNING
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF STANDARD REPAIR
PROCEDURES, SAFETY PRINCIPLES AND SERVICE
OPERATIONS ARE NOT INCLUDED. IT IS IMPORTANT
TO NOTE THAT THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CERTAIN
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS REGARDING CERTAIN
SPECIFIC SERVICE METHODS THAT COULD CAUSE
PERSONAL INJURY TO SERVICE PERSONAL OR COULD
DAMAGE EQUIPMENT OR RENDER IT UNSAFE. PLEASE
UNDERSTAND THAT THESE WARNINGS CANNOT COVER
ALL CONCEIVABLE WAYS IN WHICH SERVICE, WHETHER
OR NOT RECOMMENDED BY ABB, MIGHT BE PERFORMED
OR POSSIBLE HAZARDOUS CONSEQUENCES OF EACH
CONCEIVABLE WAY, NOR COULD ABB INVESTIGATE ALL
SUCH WAYS. ANYONE USING SERVICE PROCEDURES
OR TOOLS, WHETHER OR NOT RECOMMENDED BY
ABB, MUST THOROUGHLY ENSURE ONESELF THAT
NEITHER PERSONAL NOR EQUIPMENT SAFETY WILL
BE JEOPARDIZED BY THE SERVICE METHOD OR TOOLS
SELECTED.
All information contained in this manual is based on the latest
product information available at the time of printing. The right
is reserved to make changes at any time without notice.
20 CPB 72-800 kV | Manual
Delivery
Check the capacitor voltage transformer for any transport
damages immediately upon delivery. Damage to packaging may
be a sign of rough handling. Note any damage (it is advisable to
take pictures) and contact the appropriate insurance company.
Check the transformer. Be especially observant of signs of oil
leakage and insulator damage and that oil is visible in the oil level
glass. Leakage must be immediately localized.
Lifting the instrument transformer
Each package is delivered with detailed lifting instructions that
must be complied with when lifting. Any deviation from the
instructions may harm the product. If the transformer is delivered
in the vertical position, be sure to carefully read the instructions
since tilting the product may be harmful.
CPB capacitor voltage transformers are transported in 3-pack
in the vertical position or, if ordered, in a 1-pack in the horizontal
position. If transported horizontally the unit is oriented with the
secondary terminal box facing upwards. In the case of double
terminal boxes, the additional box faces downwards. In the case
of upper capacitor voltage divider units, these are transported
exclusively horizontally in separate packages.
The magnetic transformer and capacitor voltage divider's bottom
unit are always delivered preassembled and may not be taken
apart. Top sections, if so equipped, are packed separately with up
to three sections in each crate.
Caution!
The supports mounted at the bottom of the
transformer are not to be removed until it has been
raised.
The detailed lifting instructions can be sent separately if requested.
Please contact your ABB representative for further information.
Caution!
The capacitor voltage transformer must be placed
in the vertical position at least 24 hours before
energization.
Connecting secondary terminals in the terminal box
The secondary terminals must be carefully connected. There
are markings on the terminal block. There is a wiring diagram
on the transformers rating plate, inside the terminal box. Each
unused secondary winding must have one end grounded. Ground
terminals are located in the secondary terminal box.
 Caution! Connecting the primary terminal
Never short circuit a secondary winding. Very high The primary terminal is secured to the bottom of the crate. With
current will occur between the terminals, dangerous horizontal transport, its placed in the package near the expansion
for both personnel and transformers. tank and with vertical transport at the bottom of the crate.

Assembly Mount the primary terminal on the top of the expansion system,
Each transformer should be checked for possible oil leakage, see Figure 2, with four M10 bolts and washers and torque to
porcelain damage and other damage caused by rough handling. 45 Nm. Also mount other enclosed components, if any, such as
Check that the oil level is correct according to the maintenance dampers, adapters etc. This can be done before the transformer
chapter. If not, carefully check for possible oil leakage and contact is mounted on the support.
ABB for further instructions.
Connect the transformers high voltage terminal to the line,
Prior to assembly, ensure that the support structure is at and preferably with a exible aluminum cable so as to minimize the
horizontal. If not, correct with washers. Deformation of the bottom mechanical load on the primary terminal. The maximum permitted
tank may otherwise occur and possibly lead to oil leakage and/or static test load for all directions is according to the dimensional
insulator damage. The tolerance for atness is 1.5 mm. If there is drawing in compliance with IEC.
an upper unit, it is carefully placed on top of the bottom unit.
Low voltage terminal
The low voltage terminal, marked as L, is connected to the ground
Note!
upon delivery. Both the low voltage and chassis terminals are
The same manufacturing number must be on the top
accessible in the transformers terminal box. The cable between
and bottom units.
the L-terminal and the chassis terminal must be disconnected
when carrier equipment is connected.
The upper unit, if any, is secured with the supplied bolts and
washers, see Figure 1, at a tightening torque of 79 Nm for M12
bolts or 121 Nm for M14. The bolts are included in the delivery. If
the apparatus consists of additional units, repeat this procedure.
Pay attention to the orientation of the upper unit since this will
affect the position of the primary terminal.

1 Assembly of upper capacitor stacks, if any 2 Assembly of primary terminal

Manual | CPB 72-800 kV 21

CPB 72-800 kV
Installation
Connection of ground terminals
As standard the transformer is delivered with a ground clamp
which is to be installed on one of the mounting pads for grounding
of the entire apparatus, see standard ground terminal in Figure 1.
In case the ground clamp is not installed on the mounting pad,
upon delivery, the ground clamp is found inside the package.If
special, optional, ground bars are ordered, these are found inside
the package. Make sure that the ground terminal, by means of
a separate conductor, is securely connected to ground. Also
make sure that the ground terminal is galvanically connected to
the mounting pad of the apparatus, in particular if the oil tanks
surface is painted or anodized. Note that the ground terminal can
be attached on at least two feet.
There are also ground terminals in the terminal box for connection
of appropriate winding terminals and cable screens.
Use of special load in secondary circuit
If for any reason an intermediate transformer or other load with
an iron core is required in the capacitor voltage transformers
secondary circuit, it must be especially designed for this purpose.
Undesired sub-harmonic oscillations may otherwise occur. To
counteract this, the loads core must be designed to withstand at
least three times the rated voltage without becoming saturated.
1 Connection of standard ground terminal (other types can be supplied upon request when an order is placed)
22 CPB 72-800 kV | Manual
Adjustment windings and damping circuit
The damping circuit terminals d1-d2 and the adjustment windings
B1-B11 are located behind a sealed covering hood in the terminal
box.
Caution!
The warranty is breached if this seal is opened
without the consent of ABB.
The damping circuit has two bridged terminals: d1- d2. The
damping circuit is factory-calibrated to obtain optimal performance
and normally no further adjustment is needed. However, in
particular cases and after agreement with ABB, this bridge
can be opened to check that the circuit is intact by resistance
measurement.
The CVT is delivered adjusted for a specied load and class,
and normally no further adjustment is necessary. If needed, the
adjustment windings enable exchange of the capacitor voltage
divider on site, and readjustment of the transformer for the new
combination of voltage divider/electromagnetic units. A new
readjusted insertion block for the adjustment windings B1-B11
is supplied by ABB. The insertion block may only be replaced
after agreement with ABB and following the detailed instructions
provided by ABB in order to retain compliance with requirements
for accuracy and loads.
CPB 72-800 kV
Maintenance
Minimal maintenance is required due to the transformer being
hermetically sealed. A visual check is normally
sufcient with the recommendation of following the checklist
at the back of this manual.
Check for oil leakage at the following positions:
- Oil level glass and oil lling plug
- Seals above and below the insulator
- Drain slots on expansion housing
- Seal between oil tank and cover
- Seal between cover and CVD
- Seal between terminal box and oil tank
- Oil drain plug
Transformer damage
Metal, porcelain and epoxy components are checked. Porcelain
components are cleaned as necessary.
Minor damage to insulator sheds can be repaired on site.
Instructions for repair of porcelain and polymer insulators can
be obtained from your ABB representative; see the contact
information at the end of the document.
Oil lling
Filling of oil can be necessary when one liter of oil has been
extracted from the EMU. If oil needs to be lled, contact the
manufacturer for further instructions. Contact information can be
found at the end of the document.
Tan-w measurement (capacitor voltage divider only)
After a longer period of service (1520 years) or if a fault is
suspected after for example, a major operational disturbance,
the tan-w for the capacitor voltage divider can be measured
electrically. Note that the capacitor voltage divider consists of
one or more sections that cannot be opened. Consequently, oil
samples cannot be taken.
1 Oil level glass indicating empty | 2 Oil level glass location on electromagnetic unit of type EOH | 3 Oil level glass location on electromagnetic unit of
type EOL or EOM
1 2
tan-w is normally obtained in conjunction with capacitance
measurement. The value of the tan-w varies with age, the test
method, the selected voltage level and temperature. An absolute
reference value can thus not be provided. Consequently, the tan-w
is primarily compared to previous values obtained with equivalent
methods and conditions so that any trends can be detected. It
is therefore helpful if one or more reference values have been
obtained by measuring the tan-w at an earlier stage, for example in
conjunction with commissioning, (rst energizing).
Oil level check of the electromagnetic unit
The electromagnetic unit is supplied with an oil level glass which is
designed, as seen in Figure 1, with a black and an uncolored side.
The oil level glass must always be dark for electromagnetic units
designed as per Figure 2 at all ambient temperatures. If the oil
level glass is not completely dark, the transformer should be
checked for leakage and corrected as soon as possible. When
there is leakage, moisture can enter the transformer.
For electromagnetic units designed as per Figure 3, the oil
level shall always be visible in the oil level glass at all ambient
temperatures. If the oil level is not visible, the transformer should
be checked for leakage and corrected as soon as possible. When
there is leakage, moisture can enter the transformer.
Note!
The entire oil level glass must always be dark for
units as in Figure 2, or visible for units as in Figure 3,
when the transformer is in service.
Oil sampling (electromagnetic unit only)
After a longer period of service (1520 years) or if damage is
suspected after for example, a major operational disturbance, an
oil sample can be extracted for testing of the oils moisture and
gas contents.
3
Manual | CPB 72-800 kV 23
CPB 72-800 kV
Oil sampling
Oil sampling and oil lling must be performed in dry weather
and with the transformer dry. The transformer must be taken
out of service and the transformer top must be grounded.
There is an oil lling plug on the cover of the capacitor voltage
transformer's electromagnetic unit where oil samples can be
taken. Ensure that tools are at hand before beginning work.
Preparation and information
Before taking the oil sample, the following should be checked:
- That the glass syringe is in proper condition, i.e. clean
and dry.
- Suitable tools are at hand for opening and sealing the
transformer.
- That a vessel for surplus oil is at hand to avoid spilling oil
onto the ground.
- It is recommended that a special oil sampling kit be
used, which can be ordered from ABBs diagnostic
lab. Contact information can be found at the end of the
document.
- Replacement seals for oil lling plug are at hand.
Using the syringe supplied by the manufacturer
The syringe supplied by the manufacturer has three valve
positions: closed, open through the hose and open to a side
outlet. The plunger may not be touched because of the risk of
drawing air into the syringe.
The syringe and hose are then ushed with oil from the
transformer oil lling plug; see either Figure 1 or 2 on the next
page. This ensures that the transformer oil is sampled and not the
oil mixed with air that is still in the hose. Carefully pull the syringe
and check that only oil is drawn in. Fill the syringe with oil to ush
it. Change the valve position and empty the syringe through the
side outlet into the vessel for oil spillage without withdrawing the
hose from the transformer.
Close the side outlet and ll the syringe again with oil from the
transformer, still without drawing in air. This is the oil sample.
If a slight amount of gas has entered the syringe despite
preventive measures, hold the syringe upright and slowly press
out the gas with the plunger. If gases have been drawn into the
syringe, this should be noted in the report.
24 CPB 72-800 kV | Manual
Taking an oil sample
To take an oil sample, follow the steps below.
- First open the oil lling plug; see Figures 1 and 2 on the
next page.
- Check the sampling syringe.
- Carefully insert the hose into the oil lling hole. The hose
must be beneath the oil surface.
- Take an oil sample after pre-lling the syringe with oil
according to the instructions above. If a little air has
entered the syringe despite preventive measures, hold
the syringe upright and slowly press out the air with the
plunger. If air has been drawn into the syringe, note this
in the report.
- Close the valve after sampling.
- Clean the sealing surfaces at the oil lling opening from
spilled oil and foreign matter, and install new o-rings if
necessary.
- Seal the transformer with a torque of 25 Nm.
Transformers with test valve
If the instrument transformer is supplied with an oil test plug or oil
test valve there is no need to open the transformer's oil lling plug
to take an oil sample. Information on how to use oil test valves
and test plugs is provided in the optional accessories chapter.
Submitting oil samples and reports
Mark the syringe with the transformers serial number and ll in the
report.
Return the syringes and the questionnaire in the transport box as
soon as possible after sampling to the diagnostics lab, using the
delivery address stated in the end of the document.
Reports of analysis results and recommended measures are sent
by ABB within ten working days from reception of oil samples.
Additional information concerning sampling or analysis results can
be obtained from ABB Instrument Transformers.
Capacitor voltage divider
The capacitor voltage divider, consisting of one or more sections,
may not be opened. Consequently, oil samples cannot be
taken. As an alternative to oil sampling, the tan-w can instead be
measured in conjunction with capacitance measurement.
1 Oil lling and sampling plug, see point one (1), on the electromagnetic unit of type EOM and EOL | 2 Oil lling and sampling plug, see point one (1), on
the electromagnetic unit of type EOH
1

Manual | CPB 72-800 kV 25

CCB 72-800 kV
Installation
CAUTION
FOR YOUR SAFETY
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO HANDLE, INSTALL,
USE OR SERVICE THIS PRODUCT
BEFORE READING THE INSTRUCTION
MANUAL.
Failure to read the instruction manual prior
to performing these actions can lead to
serious injury and/or damage.
Safety notice
This coupling capacitor should be installed within the design
limitations as described on its rating plate and in these
instructions. Follow your companys safety
procedures. This product is intended to be operated and
maintained by qualied persons who are thoroughly trained
and who understand the hazards involved. This publication is
written only for such qualied persons and is not intended to
be a substitute for adequate training and experience in safety
procedures for this device.
WARNING
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF STANDARD REPAIR
PROCEDURES, SAFETY PRINCIPLES AND SERVICE
OPERATIONS ARE NOT INCLUDED. IT IS IMPORTANT
TO NOTE THAT THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CERTAIN
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS REGARDING CERTAIN
SPECIFIC SERVICE METHODS THAT COULD CAUSE
PERSONAL INJURY TO SERVICE PERSONAL OR COULD
DAMAGE EQUIPMENT OR RENDER IT UNSAFE. PLEASE
UNDERSTAND THAT THESE WARNINGS CANNOT COVER
ALL CONCEIVABLE WAYS IN WHICH SERVICE, WHETHER
OR NOT RECOMMENDED BY ABB, MIGHT BE PERFORMED
OR POSSIBLE HAZARDOUS CONSEQUENCES OF EACH
CONCEIVABLE WAY, NOR COULD ABB INVESTIGATE ALL
SUCH WAYS. ANYONE USING SERVICE PROCEDURES
OR TOOLS, WHETHER OR NOT RECOMMENDED BY
ABB, MUST THOROUGHLY ENSURE ONESELF THAT
NEITHER PERSONAL NOR EQUIPMENT SAFETY WILL
BE JEOPARDIZED BY THE SERVICE METHOD OR TOOLS
SELECTED.
All information contained in this manual is based on the latest
product information available at the time of printing. The right
is reserved to make changes at any time without notice.
26 CCB 72-800 kV | Manual
Delivery
Check the coupling capacitor for any transport damages
immediately upon delivery. Damage to packaging may be a
sign of rough handling. Note any damage (it is advisable to take
pictures) and contact the appropriate insurance company. Check
the capacitor. Be especially observant of signs of oil leakage
and insulator damage. Leakage must be immediately localized.
Instructions for repair of porcelain and polymer insulators can be
obtained from ABB; see the contact information at the end of this
document.
Lifting the coupling capacitor
Each package is delivered with detailed lifting instructions that
must be complied with when lifting. Any deviation from the
instructions may harm the product.
Top sections, if so equipped, are packaged separately with up to
three sections in each crate.
The detailed lifting instructions can be sent separately if requested.
Please contact your ABB representative for further information.
Caution!
The coupling capacitor must be placed in the vertical
position at least 24 hours before energizing.
Assembly
Each coupling capacitor should be checked for possible oil
leakage, porcelain damage and other damage caused by rough
handling.
Prior to assembly, ensure that the support structure is at and
horizontal. If not, correct with washers. Deformation of the adapter
plate may otherwise occur and possibly lead to oil leakage and
insulator damage. The tolerance for atness is 1.5 mm.
The upper unit, see Figure 1, is secured with the supplied bolts
and washers at a tightening torque of 79 Nm for M12 bolts or 121
Nm for M14. The bolts are included in the delivery. If the apparatus
consists of additional units, repeat this procedure. Pay attention to
the orientation of the upper unit since this will affect the position of
the primary terminal.
Connecting the primary terminal
The primary terminal is attached to the bottom of the crate. With
horizontal transport, its placed in the package near the expansion
tank and with vertical transport at the bottom of the crate.
Mount the primary terminal on the top of the expansion system,
see Figure 2, with four M10 bolts and washers at a tightening
torque of 45 Nm. Also mount other enclosed components, if any,
such as dampers, adapters etc. This can be done before the
transformer is mounted on the support.
Connect the coupling capacitors high voltage terminal to the line,
preferably with a exible aluminum cable so as to minimize the
mechanical load on the primary terminal. The maximum permitted
static test load for all directions is according to the dimensional
drawing in compliance with IEC.
Connection of ground terminals
As standard the transformer is delivered with a ground clamp
which is to be installed on one of the mounting pads for grounding
of the entire apparatus, see standard ground terminal in Figure 3.
In case the ground clamp is not installed on the mounting pad,
upon delivery, the ground clamp is found inside the package.If
special, optional, ground bars are ordered, these are found inside
the package. Make sure that the ground terminal, by means of
a separate conductor, is securely connected to ground. Also
make sure that the ground terminal is galvanically connected to
the mounting pad of the apparatus, in particular if the oil tanks
surface is painted or anodized. Note that the ground terminal can
be attached on at least two feet.
Check that the ground-terminal is grounded when carrier
equipment is not used.
1 Assembly of upper capacitor stack, if any | 2 Connecting the primary terminal | 3 Connecting the L/ground terminal (other types can be supplied upon
request when the order is placed)
1 2
Maintenance
Minimal maintenance is required due to the coupling capacitor
being hermetically sealed. A visual check is normally sufcient
when the recommendation is to follow the checklist at the back of
the manual.
Check for oil leakage at the following positions:
- Seals above and below the insulator
Tan-w measurement
After a longer period of service (1520 years) or if a fault is
suspected after for example, a major operational disturbance, the
tan-w for the coupling capacitor can be measured electrically. Note
that the coupling capacitor consists of one or more sections that
cannot be opened. Consequently, oil samples cannot be taken.
Tan-w is normally obtained in conjunction with capacitance
measurement. The value of the tan-w varies with, age, the test
method, the selected voltage level and temperature. An absolute
reference value can thus not be provided. Consequently, the tan-w
is primarily compared to previous values obtained with equivalent
methods and conditions so that any trends can be detected. It
is therefore helpful if one or more reference values have been
obtained by measuring the tan-w at an earlier stage, for example in
conjunction with commissioning, (rst energizing).
3
Manual | CCB 72-800 kV 27
Optional accessories

The surge arrester is mounted between the primary terminals

Surge arrester and can be supplied on IMB current transformers.

A surge arrester is provided with IMB current transformers that Note!

has a primary conductor of a multiple-turn design. The surge Important for the function of the surge arrester is that
arrester is designed to protect the primary conductor against it is correctly assembled according to the detailed
induced overvoltages between turns. See Figure 1 where a surge instructions enclosed in the crate.
arrester has been assembled on a current transformer.

The voltage drop across the primary winding of a current

transformer is normally very small. At normal rated current, it
is only a few volts. Special cases in this respect are current
transformers with multi-turn primary windings. The inductance
of a multi-turn primary winding is rather high and a surge current
passing through will cause a fairly high voltage drop across
the winding. The voltage drop will not stress the internal high
voltage insulation, but may lead to insulation breakdown between
adjacent turns in the primary winding. In order to protect the
current transformer, a surge arrester can be connected in parallel
to the primary winding.

1 Surge arrester tted to the current transformer

28 Accessories | Manual

Manometer
The manometer is provided with a quick release coupling and
delivered separately either inside the terminal box or in a separate
box at the same location as the transformer. The coupling on the
transformer is covered by a protective hood. See Figure 1 for an
example where the manometer is mounted on a transformer.
To connect the manometer to the transformer, rst loosen the
M8 bolts and remove the protective hood, then plug in the
manometer. To remove the manometer, pull back the locking
ring on the quick coupling. Slight oil spillage when removing the
manometer is normal. If the manometer is removed for a longer
period of time, the coupling on the transformer must be covered
by the protective hood. Clean the sealing surfaces, check the
o-ring and replace if damaged. Mount the protective hood and
tighten the M8 bolts to a torque of 22.5 Nm.
1 Manometer mounted on a current transformer
The manometer is mounted at the top of the transformer
and if ordered prior to manufacture, can be supplied on IMB
current transformers and EMF inductive voltage transformers.
Current transformers with gas cushion type of
expansion system
A current transformer equipped with an expansion system of the
gas cushion type is delivered with atmospheric pressure, i.e. no
overpressure. A reading of zero on the gauge upon delivery is
normal. When the current transformer is in service at maximum
ambient temperature, the readings can by as high as 0.15 bar.
Current transformers with metal bellows type of
expansion system
A current transformer equipped with an expansion system of
the metal bellows type is delivered with an overpressure. The
overpressure depends on the temperature range the current
transformer is designed for (see rating plate). A reading of
-0.25 bar to +0.5 bar is normal upon delivery. When the current
transformer is in service at maximum ambient temperature,
the readings can be up to 0.15 bar higher than on unloaded
transformers.
Manometer readings on inductive voltage transformers
An inductive voltage transformer equipped with an expansion
system of the gas cushion type is delivered with atmospheric
pressure, i.e. no overpressure. A reading of zero on the gauge
upon delivery is normal. When the inductive voltage transformer is
in service at maximum ambient temperature, the readings can be
up to 0.15 bar.
Caution!
To ensure that the manometer connection is not
damaged during lifting, do not remove the protective
hood until the unit is mounted on the support
structure.
Manual | Accessories 29
Optional accessories

Anti-condensation heater can, if ordered prior to

Anti-condensation manufacturing, be supplied on IMB current transformers,
EMF inductive voltage transformers and CPB capacitor

heater voltage transformers.

Anti-condensation heater is used to prevent condensation inside Caution!

the terminal box. The supply voltage for the heater shall be in the
range of 220 V to 240 V AC at 50 Hz or 60 Hz. The power of the
heater is 30 W.
The temperature, which can be set in the range from 0C to
60C, on the thermostat needs to be adjusted during installation
depending on the geographical location. The recommendation
is to set the temperature slightly above the daily average
temperature to achieve drying.
The surface of the heater element, see point four
(4) in Figure 1, is very warm during operation.
The surface of the heater is warmer then the set
temperature at the thermostat.
Caution!
The heater works with full effect if the temperature
inside the secondary terminal box drops below the
specied temperature on the thermostat. This results
in very hot surface.

1 Anti-condensation heater mounted inside the secondary terminal box. Point one (1) is the terminal where the auxiliry power supply is to be connected,
according to the specication of the heater, point two (2) is the thermostat, point three (3) is the cable installed after manufacturing and point four (4) is
the heater element.

30 Accessories | Manual
 The spark gap device is in the secondary terminal box and if
Spark gap device ordered prior to manufacture, can be supplied on IMB current
transformers.

It is a well known fact that high voltages are induced if a current 1 Secondary terminal box supplied with spark gap devices, as
transformer is operated with open secondary circuits. The shown with point one (1) | 2 View of spark gap device

magnitude of the induced voltage depends on the size of the 1

magnetic core, the number of secondary winding turns and the
level of primary current during the period of time with an open
secondary circuit.

Beside the risk for injury to personal, the high induced voltage
may cause damage to the current transformer and the excitation
losses in the saturated core may create abnormal heating inside
the transformer.

Due to this, it must be clearly stated that operation of current

1
transformers with open secondary circuits is not permitted.

Overvoltage protection devices such as spark gap devices can be

used to limit the induced voltage.

It is important that the setting of the spark gap device is correct.

A voltage setting that is too low may cause malfunctioning of the
protection relays. A voltage setting that is too high may cause 2
damage to the current transformer. The protective spark gap
devices are adjusted using a thickness gauge upon delivery to
3 kV. This results in a distance of 1 0.1 mm.

Adjustment at site
If the setting must be adjusted or for any other reason a check of
the adjustment becomes necessary, follow the four steps below.
- If a protective spark gap device is mounted, see
Figure 1, start by checking the distance using a
thickness gauge.
If the distance is unsatisfactory, continue with the
remaining steps. 1

- Loosen the nut shown in Figure 2.

- Adjust the spark gap by turning it clockwise to increase
the distance or counterclockwise to decrease the
distance. Use a thickness gauge to measure the
distance. Note that each millimeter corresponds to
around 3 kV.
- Tighten the nut.

Manual | Accessories 31
Optional accessories
Oil test plug
Before proceeding, be sure to read the oil sampling information
provided in a separate chapter for the pertinent instrument
transformer.
To take an oil sample through the test plug, see Figures 1, a
syringe is needed with a needle diameter of 0.7 mm (ambient
temperature > 0C) or 1.0 mm (ambient temperature < 0C) and
a minimum length of 40 mm. The syringe can be ordered from the
manufacturer.
Caution!
To avoid damaging the rubber in the oil test plug,
the needle must be carefully pressed through the
membrane.
Note!
The rubber in the oil test plug has a service life of
approximately 100 needle insertions.
1 Exploded view of the protective cover over the test plug | 2 Insertion of needle in the test plug. The syringe shall be inserted with the opening upwards
when pressed through the membrane of the test plug
1 2
32 Accessories | Manual
The oil test plug is mounted at the top of the transformer
and can be supplied if specied when ordering prior to
manufacture on IMB current transformers and EMF inductive
voltage transformers.
To take an oil sample, follow the below steps:
- Remove the protective cover; see Figure 1.
- Loosen the bolt one turn only.
- Carefully press the needle through the rubber membrane
in the oil test plug; see Figure 2.
- Close the side outlet and ll the syringe with oil from the
transformer, taking care not to draw in gas. This is the oil
sample. Close the valve on the syringe after sampling.
- Remove the syringe and tighten the bolt.
- If gases are drawn into the syringe; position the syringe
with the needle upwards and carefully evacuate the
gases after opening the syringe valve. When all gases
are evacuated close the syringe valve. If the quantity of
oil is not enough repeat the steps above without
evacuating the oil from the syringe.
- Clean up any oil spills and sealing surfaces.
- Check the o-ring and replace if damaged.
- Tighten the protective cover; see Figure 1.
 The oil test valve is mounted at the top of the transformer
Oil test valve and can be supplied if specied when ordering prior
to manufacture on IMB current transformers, EMF
inductive voltage transformers and CPB capacitor voltage
transformers.

Before proceeding, be sure to read the oil sampling information 1 Exploded view of test valve | 2 Nut connected to test valve | 3 Using the
provided in a separate chapter for the pertinent instrument syringe with the test valve
1
transformer.

The oil sample when the transformer is supplied with a test valve,
see Figure 1, is taken by following the steps below:
- Loosen the two bolts (in some cases one) and remove
the protective hood; see Figure 1.
- Remove the plug from the test valve; see Figure 1.
- Carefully connect the equipment to the oil test valve.
Note that a tube nut, as seen mounted in Figure 2, is
needed for the connection with a thread diameter of
G3/8". This tube nut is normally not included.
2
- Open the screw on the test valve by turning it clockvise a
quarter turn.
- Flush the syringe with oil from the transformer and empty
the syringe without removing it from the test valve.
- Close the side valve and ll the syringe again with oil
from the transformer, still without drawing in air; see
Figure 3. This is the oil sample.
- Close the valve on the syringe after sampling.
- Close the screw on the test valve by turning it
3
anti-clockvise a quarter turn.
- Clean up any oil spills and sealing surfaces. Ret the
plug. Do not over-tighten the plug; nger tightening is
enough for sealing.
- Check the o-ring and replace if damaged.
- Mount the protective hood and tighten the M8 bolts to a
torque of 22.5 Nm.

Manual | Accessories 33
Optional accessories

The PLC carrier accessories are mounted in the secondary

PLC carrier terminal box and if specied when ordering prior to
manufacture, can be supplied on CPB capacitor voltage

accessories transformers.

PLC is mainly used to reliably transmit speech, energy
management data and power system protection signals through
high voltage power transmission lines. All ABB CPB capacitor
voltage transformers have a low voltage terminal (L-terminal)
in the secondary terminal box where the high frequency carrier
signal from a Line Matching Unit (LMU) can be connected. If the
1 Schematic view of PLC connected to a capacitor voltage devider. Point
one (1) is the high voltage terminal of the capacitor voltage devider. Point
two (2) is the intermediate voltage bushing towards the electromagnetic
unit. Point three (3) is the connection between the L-terminal and the
PLC accessory. Point four (4) is the schematic view of the PLC accessory
which consist of, from the left, a ground switch, an air gap and a drain
coil.

LMU does not incorporate protection accessories, those can be

installed in the CPB's large secondary terminal box.

1
Users guide and specications
Although the L-terminal is delivered grounded, do not open or
touch the low voltage terminal (L) while the CVT is energized.
Note that the PLC ground switch, see Figure 1, is designed to
prevent the lid of the terminal box from being opened when the
switch is in Carrier position, i.e. open position. When the PLC
ground switch is in the Grounded position, i.e. closed position,
2
this mechanical interlocking is released and the lid can be opened.
The drain coil is set to 12, 24 or 48 mH, depending on what was
selected upon ordering, and has BIL 10 kV 1.2/50 s insulation.
The corresponding air gap has a protection level, i.e. ash-over
impulse voltage, of maximum 8.5 kV 1.2/50 s with AC ash-over
of at least 2.5 kV RMS.

Unused PLC accessories

If a unit is delivered with the PLC accessories and is not going to
be used for power line communication, no extra steps needs to
considered due to the PLC when installing the unit. The reason
for this is that the PLC accessories comes pre-connect inside the
secondary terminal box when delivered.

Note!
If a unit is delivered with the PLC accessories and is
not going to be used for power line communication,
3
no extra steps needs to considered due to the PLC
accessories when installing the unit.

34 Accessories | Manual
Connecting the LMU to the PLC accessory
If the supplied PLC accessory is going to be connected to a
LMU, the LMU is to be connected to the low voltage terminal
(L-terminal), marked with L inside the terminal box, see Figure 1.
The carrier lead-in cable, from the LMU to the L-terminal, should
be of outdoor weather-resistant type. The recommended cable
type is insulated 16-25 mm2, test voltage 2.5 kV AC wet, BIL 10-
15 kV 1.2/50 s. The choice of coax cable on the modems side
of the LMU is left to the customer.
Caution!
Do not open or touch the low voltage terminal (L)
while the CVT is energized.
1 Terminal box tted with PLC accessories. The dotted cable, see
point one (1), is the carrier lead-in cable which is to be connected
when installed. The cable, marked with point two (2), between the PLC
accessory and the L-terminal is not to be removed.
Follow these steps to connect the carrier lead-in cable:
- Make the necessary arrangement so the lead-in cable is
inside the secondary terminal box.
- Loosen the nuts from for the L-terminal pinscrew marked
with L in the secondary terminal box.
- Remove the terminal marking.
- Attach the lead-in cable to the L-terminal.
- Put the terminal marking back on the L-terminal and
tighten the inner nut with a tightning torque of 15 Nm
and the marking's nut with a tightning torque of 10 Nm.
Special considerations regarding PLC equipment if combined
with PQSensor
PLC equipment and PQSensor must be connected in series
on the path from the coupling capacitor's low voltage terminal
(L) to ground for both to function simultaneously. In this context
it is ABB's observation that PLC equipment has a tradition of
using the ground for the signal return. As a consequence, the
MU/HCCT (Measurement Unit/HCCT wires) for PQSensor is
to be connected between the PLC equipment and the coupling
capacitor's low voltage terminal (L). The MU is thus shifted to
a potential above ground while the PLC equipment remains
connected between ground and PQSensor. The junction point
in between requires an insulated stud terminal typically capable
of BIL 10 kV or the equivalent insulation rating of the used PLC
equipment. Note that this stud terminal is not a part of the delivery
unless the CVT is supplied with both PLC accessories and
PQSensor from the factory.
Nonetheless, a possible mutual interference between the PLC and
PQSensor performance may be of concern. ABB's standpoint
here is that this equipment should function together in most
typical applications simultaneously without any substantial impact.
In other words, most PLC equipment should not be affected by
the presence of PQSensor. The carrier insertion loss due to
PQSensor should be insignicant due to the low impedance
through the MU. Also in the opposite direction i.e. for normal
PQSensor applications for monitoring up to the 50th harmonic
and a required accuracy of +/-5% or worse the impact from
most PLC equipment (with regard to its drain coil) in conjunction
with normal coupling capacitances should be negligible.
Manual | Accessories 35
Optional accessories

PLC carrier
accessories

Connecting of PLC without PLC accessories included
Since modern Line Matching Units (LMU) often contains the PLC
accessories, that could be supplied with the capacitor voltage
transformer, the PLC accessories might not be necessary even if
the unit is going to be connected to a LMU.
1 Terminal box without supplied PLC accessories. Cable marked by point
one (1) is installed during manufacturing and is the grounding cable to the
L-terminal. | 2 Terminal box without supplied PLC accessories where the
grounding cable to the L-terminal has been removed. The cable marked
by point one (1) is the lead-in cable which is connected during installation.
1

Note!
Advice with the manufacturer of the LMU if it is
compatible with the supplied transformer.

Follow the steps below to connect the capacitor voltage

transformer to a LMU, where the PLC accessories is supplied by
another supplier.
- Make the necessary arrangement so the lead-in cable is
inside the secondary terminal box.
- Loosen the nut from the L-terminal pinscrew marked
with L in the secondary terminal box.
- Remove the L-terminal marking.
- Remove the grounding cable from the L-terminal, see
point one (1) in Figure 1.
- Attach the lead-in cable to the L-terminal, see point
one (1) in Figure 2. 2
- Put the terminal marking back on the L-terminal and
tighten the inner nut with a tightning torque of 15 Nm
and the marking's nut with a tightning torque of 10 Nm.

Choice of inductance on PLC drain coil

Although the value for the drain coil, as a part of PLC accessories,
is selected upon ordering prior to manufacturing of the CVT, some
considerations are presented here as to whether 12, 24 or 48 mH
should be selected.

One of the main reasons for the drain coil is to enable a solid
current path for the power frequency current through the CVD
and thus enabling the CVT's functionality, but at the same time,
imposing impedance high enough across the LMU or coupling
device to minimize carrier losses.

At a rst sight it might thus appear obvious that high inductance

of the PLC drain coil is preferred, but there is a drawback as well.
Higher inductance will not only reduce the carrier losses at PLC

36 Accessories | Manual
frequencies (typically between 30500 kHz) but also increase the 1 View of capacitor voltage transformer connected with a line matching
undesired voltage drop at power frequency. Although this voltage unit and with a line trap.

drop is still within the applicable standard (30 V permissible

according to ANSI) it may nonetheless impose an appreciable
effect on the measuring accuracy of the CVT. Such effect on
accuracy can of course be compensated for during factory
calibration, but it nevertheless must be considered when or if
the carrier equipment should be grounded by means of a PLC
grounding switch or bypassed permanently.

With regard to CVT's measuring accuracy, it is thus ABB's

recommendation to choose a PLC drain coil value of 12 mH. With
such inductance the predicted insertion loss due to the drain coil
is below 0.5 dB at all frequencies above 48 kHz for a coupling
capacitor of at least 4.4 nF. A drain coil of 24 mH might only be
considered if the coupling capacitance is below 4.4 nF combined
with a PLC frequency below 48 kHz. The third alternative of 48
mH should usually not be considered unless expressly requested.

Cable mounting at site

Figure 1 illustrates how the cables could be installed where a
capacitor voltage transformer is used with line matching unit and
line trap. The list below give an explanation two all points in
Figure 1.

1. Secondary cable connection from the control cubicles, or marshalling

box, to the secondary terminals inside the secondary terminal box on
the capacitor voltage transformer.
2. Lead-in cable between the L-terminal inside the secondary terminal
box to the line matching unit, see point 5. The recommended cable
type is insulated 16-25 mm2, test voltage 2.5 kV AC wet, BIL 10-15
kV 1.2/50 s.
3. Grounding cable or bar.
4. RF-cable. For recommendation on cables to use contact the
manufacturer of the line matching unit.
5. Line matching unit (LMU).
6. Connection between the switch yard and the line trap. The line
trap can either be assembled on top of certain capacitor voltage
transformer or on the side utilising separate stud insulator.
7. Overhead line drop down cable.

Manual | Accessories 37
Optional accessories

PQSensor is a transducer that can be used with CPB

PQSensor capacitor voltage transformers to provide a unique,
convenient and cost-effective method of accurately
measuring primary voltage harmonics on high voltage
transmission systems since it eliminates the need for special
instrument transformers or wide bandwidth voltage dividers.

The PQSensor provides an output signal of 63.5 V AC that is
compatible with all modern power quality recorders and it has
been designed to operate over an extended temperature range of
-40C to 55C, making it suitable for the harshest environments.
Installation is entirely inside the CVT secondary terminal box,
see Figure 1 on both this and the next page, and does not affect
normal operation of the CVT. As a result, there are no external
cabling or xtures on the CVT support structure and the output
voltage is available inside the secondary terminal box together
with the conventional CVT output voltage. Furthermore, the
PQSensor is fully factory calibrated and consequently requires
no additional on-site calibration or adjustment.
Note!
For additional and more detailed users information,
please refer to separate documents provided with
each PQSensor delivery.
In other words, for normal PQSensor applications for monitoring
up to the 50th harmonic and a required accuracy of +/-5% or
worse, the impact from most PLC equipment (with regard to
their drain coil) in conjunction with normal coupling capacitances
should be negligible.
Additionally, in the opposite direction the PLC equipment should
remain unaffected by the presence of PQSensor. Carrier
insertion loss due to PQSensor should be insignicant thanks to
the low impedance through the MU.
1 Schematic diagram of the PQSensor connected to a capacitor voltage
transformer

Special considerations for PQSensor if combined with PLC

equipment
PQSensor and PLC equipment need to be connected in series
in the path from the coupling capacitor's low voltage terminal to
ground for both to function simultaneously. In this context, it is
ABB's impression that PLC equipment has a stronger tradition of
using the ground as signal return. As a consequence, the MU of
the PQSensor is assumed to be connected between the PLC
equipment and the coupling capacitors' low voltage terminal, thus
being elevated to a somewhat higher potential. This is feasible
due to the MU's balanced design and the fact that the MU's
insulation can withstand the PLC equipment's protection level of
typically BIL 10 kV.

Nonetheless, possible mutual interference between PQSensor

and PLC performance may be of concern. ABB's standpoint here
is that this equipment should be functioning together in most
typical applications simultaneously without any substantial impact
between them.

38 Accessories | Manual
1 Illustrative drawing of the PQSensor tted in the terminal box where point one (1) is the Signal Condition Module (SCM) and point two (2) is the
Measurment Unit (MU). The dotted cable (not included in the delivery of the unit) is the connection to the control room which is connected during the
installation of the unit.

Manual | Accessories 39
Optional accessories
Drilled top plate
The undrilled top plate is always mounted to the top capacitor
stack in the factory, for both the capacitor voltage transformer and
the coupling capcitor, unless a top plate, drilled for Line Trap (LT),
is ordered before manufacturing. The primary terminal is mounted
on the extrusion in the middle of the top plate as shown in
Figure 1. If a LT shall be mounted on top of the capacitor voltage
transformer or the coupling capacitor the top plate must be drilled.
This requires the top plate to be removed after delivery and drilled
according to the xturing holes of LT or its pedistal.
1 View of the undrilled top plate. Point one (1) is the mounting extrusion
for the primary terminal and point two (2) is the gusset which can be
drilled.
40 Accessories | Manual
A top plate, undrilled with respect to line trap, is always
mounted, if nothing is specied before order, on top of the
capacitor voltage transformers of type CPB and the coupling
capcaitor of type CCB, except the models with lower
capacitance.
Drilled top plate can, if ordered, prior to manufacturing, be
supplied to avoid drilling on site.
Limitations
- Maximum screw size is M16.
- Minimum bolt circle radius from center of the top plate is
64 mm.
- Maximum bolt circle radius from center of the top plate is
148 mm.
- Number of drilling points is limited to four (4) points in
midway of the gusset marked with two (2) in Figure 1.
- Center radius clearance for LT or its pedistal required,
due to extrusion marked with point one (1) in Figure 1 is
minimum 55 mm.
Note!
Make sure that the pedistal for the line trap can be
used toghether with the undrilled top plate.
Caution!
Make sure that the unit, where the line trap is to
be mounted on, can handle the extra load before
assembly.
Follow below steps to drill holes in the top plate:
- Remove the six (6) screws and remove the top plate
from the unit.
- Drill and thread the holes along centre line of the gusset
according to the limitation specied above.
- Mount the top plate on the unit and tighten the six (6)
screws with tightening torque of 79 Nm for M12 bolts or
121 Nm for M14.
- Mount the pedistal and do not to use any washers and
nut between the top plat and expansion housing. The
screw's length must be selected so as to achieve
sufcient active thread length that is 1.5 times its nominal
diameter. As an example a M12 screw must have a
minimum active thread length of 1.5 x 12 mm which
equals 18 mm. Also note that there is no room for
protruding screws underneath the top plate. Thus
make sure that the screw's thread length in the top
plate does not exceed the top plate gusset thickness of
25 mm. Allowed tightening torque for LT on the top plate
is 79 Nm for M12, 121 Nm for M14 and 190 Nm for
M16.
 The C2 test outlet can, if ordered prior to manufacturing, be
C2 test outlet supplied on CPB capacitor voltage transformers.

The C2 test outlet is an accessory for utilities with certain
demands for external access to C2, i.e. the intermediate voltage
across the bottom capacitor in the CVD (Capacitor Voltage
Divider) of a CVT; see Figure 1. However, due to practical reasons
with regard to actual design of the CVD, the C2 test outlet is
located in the EMU (Electromagnetic Unit). In the EMU, the C2 test
outlet is comprised of a polymeric bushing located on the cover lid
at the rear end (opposite side as the oil lling plug). In order to not
jeopardize the insulation of the intermediate voltage during normal
operation, the bushing contains a contact socket deep below,
not just below the cover lid but even sufciently immersed in the
insulation oil. Consequently this socket is accessible by means of
a separate test pin (supplied as part of the C2 test outlet) that is
to be inserted in the C2 test outlet during testing only. To protect
the polymeric bushing from accelerated aging due to UV radiation
from the sun, there is a metallic capsule that covers the bushing
during normal operation. In addition to this capsule, there is a
metallic hexagon plug beneath with an o-ring seal for sealing the
bushing against oil leakage.
5. Note! Maximum test voltage on the C2 test outlet is
limited to 12 kV RMS due to voltage stress between the
inserted test pin and the cover lid. This constraint on
the intermediate voltage does not however occur during
normal operation when the test pin is withdrawn and test
outlet sealed.
6. Restore the C2 test outlet in the reverse order. Make
sure the metallic hexagon plug is tightened to a torque of
10 Nm torque. The metallic outer capsule is tightened by
hand only. The metallic outer capsule must nevertheless
be tightened until it makes galvanic contact with the
cover lid.
1 This circuit diagram shows the electrical point to which the C2 test out-
let is connected. In the example; fuses, PGS (Potential Grounding Switch)
and PLC (Power Line Carrier) optional accessories are also shown.

Specication
Maximum test voltage 12 kV RMS
Connection interface 4 mm banana type provided. Pin at
one end and socket at the other.
Tightening torque 10 Nm (metallic hexagon plug only)

Usage
1. Make sure the CVT is de-energized and sufciently
grounded before opening or interconnecting the C2 test
outlet to external equipment. Note! This C2 test outlet
must never be put in service while the CVT is in normal
operation.
2. Remove the metallic capsule covering the C2 test outlet
by hand, turning it counterclockwise.
3. Loosen the metallic hexagon plug using a wrench.
Check that the o-ring is intact, otherwise replace it.
Spare o-rings can be ordered from ABB; see the contact
information at the back of this manual.
4. Insert the supplied test pin into the bushing of the
C2 test outlet for interconnection to the utilitys test
equipment.

Manual | Accessories 41
Disposal

The environmental effects for ABB AB, High Voltage

Products' instrument transformers have been evaluated
according to methods for appraising environmental effects
such as EPS, ET, ECO and TELLUS

After disassembling all components, as seen in Figures 1-4 on the Disposal in general must be carried out in accordance with local
next page, can be recycled as described below. legal provisions, laws and regulations.
1. Oil 9. Porcelain and polymeric
2. Quartz sand 10. Iron Note!
3. Paper 11. Hardening plastic ABB AB, High Voltage Products, Instrument
4. Copper 12. O-rings Transformers can be engaged to uninstall
transformers. There is a charge for this service.
5. Aluminum 13. Glass
6. Stainless steel 14. Wood
7. Zinc-coated iron 15. Thermoplastic
8. Brass 16. Impregnant

Component Recommendations for reuse, recycling and incineration

Oil Mineral oil according to IEC 61039: L-NTIO-296, is used as impregnating agents. This type of oil is free from PCB and other heavy
toxic substances and has low environmental impact. In Germany, the oil is classied in water conversation class WGK1. The oil can be
compared with fuel class 1 and used as fuel (due to the low sulfur content in the oil).
Quartz sand After oil has been separated from the sand, it can be used as lling material. Oil and sand that have not been separated must be
discarded.
Paper and wood Paper, wood and oil can be easily consumed in a waste incinerator with a very high temperature. The decomposition products are
water, carbon dioxide and small amounts of nitrogen oxides.
Copper Return to a recycling company
Aluminum Return to a recycling company
Stainless steel Return to a recycling company
Zinc-coated iron Return to a recycling company
Brass Return to a recycling company
Iron Return to a recycling company
Porcelain Crushed and used as lling material
Polymeric Return to a recycling company
O-rings Ground down and used as lling material
Glass Return to a recycling company
Thermoplastic Return to a recycling company
Impregnant Faradol 600 or Faradol 810 are used as impregnating agents in the capacitor part of the CVT. These hydrocarbon type uids are
mixtures of isomers known chemically as mono-and dibenzyltoluenes in Faradol 600 and mono benzyltoluene and diphenylethane
(phenylethyl benzene) in Faradol 810. Both types of uids are characterized by their excellent electrical properties, especially PD
characteristics, low bioaccumulation and relatively rapid biodegradability. Faradol 600 and 810 are both class IIIB (OSHA classication)
combustible uids.

Incineration of Faradol 600 and 810 produces no poisonous gases, only water and carbon dioxide. It is therefore suitable to dispose
of the uid and the impregnated components through incineration. The uids however, are toxic to aquatic organisms. The uids must
therefore be handled accordingly. It is thus recommended that the impregnant be incinerated in a plant intended for this purpose.

42 Disposal | Manual
1 Cut-away view of an IMB current transformer | 2 Cut-away view of an EMF inductive voltage transformer | 3 Cut-away view of a CPB capacitor voltage
transformer | 4 Cut-away view of a CCB coupling capacitor

1 5 2 4, 5
13
12 5
4, 5, 12 13
12 12
5 5

9 1, 2

3, 4, 5
5
12

1, 2 12
5
5 3, 4
3, 4, 10, 15 12
12
6
5 8, 11, 12, 15 8, 11, 12, 15

5 5

3 4, 5 4
4, 5
5 5
5
6 5
12 6
5 16 12
11 5 16
11
4, 5
4, 5

5 11
12

3, 4 1
8, 11, 12, 15 5

5 3, 4
5
10 5 12
11

Manual | Disposal 43
Troubleshooting

For Symptom Possible cause Corrective measure1

CPB Zero output, voltage 1. Potential ground switch grounded (if so 1. Open switch (if so equipped)
equipped)
2. Load shorted, or secondary leads 2. Trace origin or replace leads
shorted.
3. Tapped capacitor lead internally shorted. 3. Measure capacitance from tap to ground with CVT circuit
C2 shorted. disconnected and neutral of primary open. Replace capacitor if
shorted.
4. Capacitor tap bushing not in contact with 4. Clean contact surfaces. Check spring contact for elasticity.
step-down transformer
5. Any high voltage wires internally in contact 5. Keep clear distances.
with grounded metal parts
6. Step-down transformer arcing or partially 6. Replace complete CVT or only the EMU.
shorted
7. B1 to B10 adjustment taps shorted 7. Note all wiring B11B1 to ground. Remove any possible
short-circuit. Check if any adjustment step is not potential-free.
Check with manufacturer for the correct adjustment setting.
Individual for each unit.
CPB Insulation resistance of secondary 1. Damaged insulation on secondary wires. 1. Replace the damaged wires with new oil-resistant wires
EMF terminals low (<50,000 ohm) Any winding. internally. Corrective action inside electromagnetic unit is
IMB megger <= 2 kV required.
2. Damping circuit, i.e. Rd and Ld, in contact 2. Relocate components to their original positions. Corrective
with or too close to tank or core. First wind- action inside electromagnetic unit is required.
ing only.
CPB Output voltage out of phase by 1. Compensating reactor partially or com- 1. Check taps on reactor terminal board. Corrective action
3 degrees or more. pletely shorted. inside electromagnetic unit is required.

2. Compensating reactor shorted internally 2. Replace reactor or complete EMU. Reset reactor taps to
same setting as unit being replaced. Corrective action inside
electromagnetic unit is required.
CPB About 7 to 15% lower than normal 1. Tap capacitor section shorted 1. Measure C2 tap to ground capacitance with CVT circuit
voltage disconnected and neutral of primary open. Replace capacitor
if variation from rating plate has increased by 7% or more.
Corrective action inside electromagnetic unit is required.
2. Poorly connected adjustment winding 2. Check the BN connection inside the terminal box, as well as
inside the secondary terminal box. all connection to the adjustment winding. Note that breaking the
seal to the adjustment winding cover needs to be approved by
the manufacturer.
CPB Distorted output voltage 1. Heavy load on secondary exceeding 1. Reduce load.
EMF thermal load.
2. Damping circuit, i.e. Rd and Ld, in contact 2. Open lter at d1-d2 terminals. Measure d1-d2 resistance.
with or too close to tank or core. First wind- Value according to rating plate. If open circuit or higher
ing only. value check for loose wires. Lower value check for shorted
components.
3. Step-down transformer arcing or partially 3. Replace EMU. Set taps to same setting as unit being
shorted replaced
CPB Lower than normal voltage, more than 1. Heavy load on secondary exceeding 1. Reduce load
EMF -1.2% thermal load.

1) Some measures require breaking warrant seals. During the warranty period, please obtain authorization from your ABB representative prior to taking
corrective measures.

44 Troubleshooting | Manual
Checklist

Prior to energizing
What to check When Applies to Check for
External package damage A IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF Broken bracing, signs of rough handling
Signs of oil leakage A,B,C IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF Visible oil spillage
Transformer damage B,C IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF Damage to insulator and terminals
Corrosion on primary and ground B IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF Corrosion on the contact surface. If present
terminals remove the same.
Oil level B,C IMB, CPB, EMF Oil visible in level glass
Tan-w measurement C IMB, CPB, EMF On-site reference value

After energizing
What to check When Applies to Check for
Signs of oil leakage D,E IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF Visible oil spillage
Transformer damage D,E IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF Damage to insulator and terminals
Oil level D,E IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF Oil visible in level glass
Tan-w measurement E IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF Trends and change of values. Values depend on
age, voltage level, test method and temperature
Insulation test on secondary E IMB, CPB, EMF Values depend on age, voltage level, test method
windings and temperature
Oil sample and gas analysis E IMB, CPB, EMF Content of critical gases indicating possible
damage

Denitions
A After arrival of the transformer at the destination
B Upon unpacking
C Immediately before energizing
D During periodic routine checks according to established schedule for the S/S
E After 15-20 years

Manual | Checklist 45
Customer notes

46 Customer notes | Manual

Manual | Customer notes 47
Contact us

ABB AB Copyright 2013 ABB. All rights reserved.

Publication 1HSE96002-12en, revision E, 2015-01-28, Manual, Outdoor instrument transformer, Photo: Hasse Eriksson
Instrument transformers
Order department ABB AB is certied according to ISO 9001, ISO 14001
PPHC/IO and OHSAS 18001.
SE-771 80 Ludvika
Sweden Note! ABB AB is working to continuously to improve
its products. We therefore reserve the right to change
Phone: +46 240 78 20 00 designs, dimensions and data without prior notice.
Fax: +46 240 78 27 02
E-mail: order_it@se.abb.com

ABB AB
Diagnostics lab
PPTOR/AD
SE-771 80 Ludvika
Sweden

E-mail: diagnostics@se.abb.com
Phone: +46 240-78 20 00

ABB AB
Instrument transformers
Marketing department
PPHC/M
SE-771 80 Ludvika
Sweden

Phone: +46 240 78 20 00

Fax: +46 240 78 36 50

www.abb.com