Michelle Chen

6 February 2017
G/T Independent Research

Annotated Source List

"A Common Enemy: Through Clinical Trials, Veterinarian Fights Cancer in Animals, Humans."
ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, Kansas State U. 13 June 2016. Web. 25 Sept. 2016.
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/06/16

This article discusses the importance of low cost cancer treatments for pets through
clinical trials. Researchers and vets are seeking the right formulas for anti cancer vaccines, t-cell
transfers, and new and effective versions of chemotherapy. Most of the treatments that are used
today are showing improvements although cancers that develop into long term battles are harder
to treat. All the research conducted by veterinarians has been crucial for human patients as well.
The similarities in cancers such as melanoma in humans and dogs have given scientists an
advantage in understanding the process that cancerous cells endure. By improving the clinical
trials in dogs, veterinarians are improving the chances of finding a cure in humans. Conducting
more trials would result in better collaboration and outcomes for both dogs and humans.
This article was particularly helpful when addressing why clinical research for dogs with
cancer is so important. The article highlights the positives for both dogs and humans when it
comes to better developed treatments for cancer like melanoma. The source would make an
excellent reference for those promoting the importance of developing reasonably priced
treatments for the sake of dogs and humans who are diagnosed with cancer.

Animal Cancer Breakthrough Leads to Human Clinical Trials.ScienceDaily, ScienceDaily, 14

July 2016, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/07/16

This article discusses the transformation of animal cancer treatments to human cancer
treatments. Recently, researchers from Ontario Veterinary College are conducting clinical trials
that could potentially treat humans with various type of cancers. Researchers have found that
after injecting the oncolytic virus, a virus that targets cancerous cells, the bodys immune system
was able to recover rapidly. Compared to traditional vaccines, the oncolytic virus works more
efficiently and at a safer rate. Veterinarians have found that injecting the virus directly into the
spleen allows them to bypass the bodys regulatory mechanisms. These results have been applied
to multiple types of cancers in animals. The unique placement of the medication gives the patient
more time to recover without any major side effects. Findings from this research has been
applied to humans, animals, and recently on diseases excluding cancer. Those working in OVC
are hoping to find connections to other fields of medication while researching and improve
success rates in cancer treatments.
This article would be very helpful to those seeking information on potentially less
dangerous cancer treatments for animals and humans. It clearly stated the positives of new
clinical trials for cancer and what can be done with them in the future. This resource would
greatly help support research on comparative oncology or those who are looking to support
animal and human oncology.
Brown, Jackie. Immunotherapy: The Next Best Hope for Defeating Cancer? Veterinary
Practice News, 21 Dec. 2016, www.veterinarypracticenews.com/immunotherapy

Veterinarians have found the ability to use the bodys immune system in order to attack
cancer cells. Many clinical trials are focusing their tests on melanoma, a cancer that is apparent
in both dogs and humans. Research for a melanoma vaccine has found that potentially all cancers
can be targeted by immunotherapies. Vets and doctors are recommending that dogs that are
emitted into clinical trials take the melanoma vaccine during their first stage of platinum based
chemotherapy. T-Cell therapy, a form of immunotherapy, is another option that vets are pursuing
in order to all treat cancers. Research is finding that the three largest risks to immunotherapy is
creating a cytokine storm, inducing autoimmunity, and increased cytotoxicity. All effects of an
altered immune system creates a potential danger for the hosts body. T-Cyte Therapeutics Inc.
launched Lymphocyte T-Cell Immunomodulator. This option is considered safe for dogs and
could potentially create a new outcome for dogs and owners with cancer.

This article was extremely helpful for those who are looking for the potential of
immunotherapy for dogs with melanoma. This resource would be especially useful for a dog
owner looking for new cancer treatments or someone looking to find safe immunotherapy
treatments for dogs with cancer.

Dropiewski, Ken. Targeted Molecular Therapy: An End To Poisonous Cancer Treatments.

LinkedIn, 6 Aug. 2015, www.linkedin.com/pulse/targeted-molecular

Around the world, 14 billion people get diagnosed with cancer and have to deal with the
costly consequences of treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation. Both mainstream
treatments cause serious side effects and dont promise a secure survival rate for patients. A
fairly new treatment called targeted molecular therapy kills off cancerous cells while leaving the
healthy cells alive, unlike chemotherapy. Pathologist work personally with the patient in order to
determine what their molecular targets will be. Current research in this treatment shows that
increase the quality of life and the life expectancy of all patients in the new future. After several
clinical trials, it has been proven that targeted molecular therapy is most effective on kidney
cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, breast cancer, and thyroid cancer. Although
targeted molecular therapy seems to be very successful, there are many set backs. As cancer
mutate and develop, it is much harder to apply the therapy and would be difficult to target it in a
certain location.
This article would be very helpful for those who need more information on the positives
and negatives of targeted molecular therapy. The resource would be important to those who are
comparing and contrasting targeted molecular therapy to other forms of cancer treatments. The
article revealed to potential successes targeted molecular therapy could provide.

Jenks, Susan. Learning From Dogs With Cancer. The New York Times, The New York Times.
21 Oct. 2015, www.well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/10/21/learning-from-dogs-with-cancer/

The article emphasizes the importance of learning from dogs with cancer to further
expand research on the disease. Both veterinarians and doctors are on the road to finding the
right clinical trials to create a powerful new drug that will hopefully be less expensive than the
alternative treatments. Scientists are now utilizing comparative oncology - the study of cancers in
multiple species. Using comparative oncology, experts are now examining the genetic mutations
in both canines and humans that cause cancers like Lymphoma. Different dog breeds are known
to have different cancers, allowing scientists to specifically target certain cancers. Extensive
research has shows that the protein B-Raf - the human gene that creates protein, is one of the
main cancer agitators. With this information, early prevention can be easily achieved. Using
comparative oncology, clinics in Europe are developing cancer treatments for children based on
veterinary research.
This article was particularly helpful, as it addresses the importance using veterinary
medicine and human medicine to fight cancer in both species. This article would be most useful
when researching human diseases in animals. The information provided answered basic
questions on what progress is being made in this medical development, thoroughly explained
causes and effects of cancer research in dogs and humans. This article is a good starter for those
interested in new techniques in curing cancer .

Lack of Knowledge on Animal Disease Leaves Humans at Risk.ScienceDaily, ScienceDaily,

University of Sydney, 20 July 2015, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07

This article articulates the importance of recognizing infectious diseases found in wildlife
and domestic animals. Recent statistics have released that some of the most prevalent and
dangerous diseases have originated from the wildlife around humans. Diseases such as ebola
were originally located in the surrounding wildlife of Western Africa. Often, animal health is not
usually noticed until it affects the humans around them. Scientists around the world discovered
that an outbreak of humans diseases can be prevented by locating and understanding diseases in
animals. Although this may be the case, little is known about diseases that start in nature. With
little research, the rate of infection in humans will only increase over time. The public and mass
media only tend to look at the mainstream disease such as tuberculosis and avian influenza.
Without the support and the investments of the public, finding diseases that link wildlife and
humans will be a much more difficult task.
This article was very helpful in describing the importance in investing in programs that
could potentially improve wildlife diseases and lower infection rates in humans. The article
highlighted the importance of finding the linking diseases before it affects humans. This resource
would be very helpful to those advocating for human and wildlife studies and to those looking
for a resource that supports investments in human and wildlife studies.

"Molecular Processes for Targeted Dog Cancer Therapy Investigated."ScienceDaily.

ScienceDaily, Veterinrmedizinische Universitt Wien. 15 Dec. 2015. Web. 22 Sept.
2016 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/12/15.

The article discusses modern treatments for cancer on a molecular basis rather than the
alternate radiations therapy or combined surgery. Targeted drugs are no longer meeting the
standards, while new molecular therapy is successfully attacking cancer cells while also finding
their mutations. Researchers have been focusing this new cancer therapy treatment on canines
cell lines. Cell lines are often studied to find the pathology in ribonucleic acid, or RNA. RNA is
important to understand because RNA creates the essential proteins in our bodies. By identifying
the gene that switches in RNA, veterinarians can target cancer cells before they go into
epithelial-mesenchymal transition, or EMT. This is the process where a tumor starts to transition
in an aggressive rate. At this stage, cancerous cells can move freely about the body and spread
onto other organs. Researchers are interested in this first developing state, or the metastasis
stage. By analyzing this stage, scientists in Vienna were able to understand the process in
creating cancer cells. Dr. Macho-Mashler of Vienna has found that TGF-Beta, a protein that is
responsible for growth has a similar pathology for both dogs and humans, is often responsible for
the changes. Despite some variations, this new information has been able to help develop
molecular therapy and other cancer treatments for dogs and hopefully humans as well in the near
future.

This article as was very helpful to those who may be seeking information on new cancer
treatments in dogs and potential cancer treatments in humans. It provided a lot of information on
how cancer cells are formed in dogs and what can be done in order to stop this malignant growth.
The information in this article would greatly apply to those who are pursuing new cancer
treatments for their pets.

LAUREN SAUSSER The Post and Courier. Immunotherapy Offers Hope to Cancer Patients.
Aiken Standard, 3 Jan. 2017, www.aikenstandard.com/news/immunotherapy

Clinical trials prove that immunotherapy is an effective way to kill cancer cells and
reduce tumor sizes. Immunotherapy is built to work with the bodys immune system. Cancer
cells spread in mass quantities because the bodys immune checkpoints do not recognize the
mutated cells. Immunotherapy increases the bodys awareness of the cancer cells in order to
destroy them. This therapy largely contrasts with chemotherapy, the process in which cancer
cells are destroyed with chemicals. Although, clinical trials are finding that immunotherapy is
niche treatment. Some patients cannot tolerate immunotherapy and many patients would not be
able to afford immunotherapy. Though there are many setbacks, immunotherapy has proven to
prove tumor cells by 50% in multiple different cancers. Infusions are continually being improved
for more clinical trials.
This article was extremely helpful in explaining benefits and setbacks of immunotherapy
compared to chemotherapy. This would be extremely helpful for someone researching the new
importance of immunotherapy or someone looking to find the niches in immunotherapy.

"Molecular Processes for Targeted Dog Cancer Therapy Investigated."ScienceDaily.

ScienceDaily, Veterinrmedizinische Universitt Wien. 15 Dec. 2015. Web. 22 Sept. 2016
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/12/15.

The article discusses modern treatments for cancer on a molecular basis rather than the
alternate radiations therapy or combined surgery. Targeted drugs are no longer meeting the
standards, while new molecular therapy is successfully attacking cancer cells while also finding
their mutations. Researchers have been focusing this new cancer therapy treatment on canines
cell lines. Cell lines are often studied to find the pathology in ribonucleic acid, or RNA. RNA is
important to understand because RNA creates the essential proteins in our bodies. By identifying
the gene that switches in RNA, veterinarians can target cancer cells before they go into
epithelial-mesenchymal transition, or EMT. This is the process where a tumor starts to transition
in an aggressive rate. At this stage, cancerous cells can move freely about the body and spread
onto other organs. Researchers are interested in this first developing state, or the metastasis
stage. By analyzing this stage, scientists in Vienna were able to understand the process in
creating cancer cells. Dr. Macho-Mashler of Vienna has found that TGF-Beta, a protein that is
responsible for growth has a similar pathology for both dogs and humans, is often responsible for
the changes. Despite some variations, this new information has been able to help develop
molecular therapy and other cancer treatments for dogs and hopefully humans as well in the near
future.

This article as was very helpful to those who may be seeking information on new cancer
treatments in dogs and potential cancer treatments in humans. It provided a lot of information on
how cancer cells are formed in dogs and what can be done in order to stop this malignant growth.
The information in this article would greatly apply to those who are pursuing new cancer
treatments for their pets.

New Drugs for Cancer Treatment Hold Great Promise for Dogs - Tufts Your Dog Article. New
Drugs for Cancer Treatment Hold Great Promise for Dogs - Tufts Your Dog Article,
Belvoir Media Group, Tufts U. Jan. 2014, www.tuftsyourdog.com/issues/20_1/features/

This article describes new cancer treatments that are being developed for dogs. Even
though improvements are being made, research so far has only brought us three main treatments:
chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical removal. Chemotherapy is a process that kills off cancer
cells throughout the body using anti cancer drugs, but in the process kills healthy cells as well.
Cells with genetic malfunction split and multiply at an alarming rate, making chemotherapy a
good alternative rather than surgery. Chemotherapy may be a good resource for humans to take
advantage of, but for dogs it's much more dangerous due to the dosage and life expectancy
differences. Instead, researchers have found a new cancer killing drugs called targeted molecular
therapy. This drug does not directly kill cancer cells, but instead interferes with the internal
system in cancer cells which signals the cell to grow and continuing splitting. Once cancer cells
stop growing, blood will no longer be supplied to the tumors, effectively killing off the cells.
Two targeted molecular therapy drugs have been developed and are approved to treat tumors.
With more experiments conducted in dog oncology, scientists hope to better develop targeted
molecular therapy drugs and successfully move on from chemotherapy.

This article was very helpful in describing the importance of targeted molecular therapy
and the potential it will have in the future. This article would be very useful to those looking for
new cancer treatments in dogs or dog oncology. The source would greatly aid research on the
topic of dog cancer treatments or the importance of cancer treatments for dogs.

Researchers Activate Repair Program for Nerve Fibers: Releasing Molecular Brake Allowed
Damaged Neurons to Regenerate. ScienceDaily, ScienceDaily, German Center for
Neurodegenerati, 7 Oct. 2016, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/10/16

This article discusses a new successful experiment that regrows damaged neurons for
those with injured spinal cords. Researchers from German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases
created a new molecular drug that reactivates the regeneration of nerve cells. The new drug,
Pregabalin, was originally tested on mice with spinal cord injuries. Often, spinal cord injuries
leads to permanent paralysis. The human and as well as the animal nerve cells are
interconnected, allowing each nerve to send signals to the other. Internal damage to the nervous
system eventually leads to a faulty signal and the reason to permanent paralysis. Although most
cells in the body can successfully grow and multiply, neurons cannot. Biological stems that
connect neurons together, also known as axons, can only grow in the early stages of embryonic
development. Axons will stop growing once they reach another neurons axon. Extensive
research has shown that a gene, also known as Cacna2d2, is what influences axonal growth.
Using this knowledge, scientists found a key detail that triggers axonal growth: calcium levels in
ion channels. Specific amount of calcium ions at a molecular level will affect a nerve synapses
and neurotransmitters, which control signal movement in the neuron. Because of this, researchers
were able to manipulate and create drugs that could potentially create the beginnings of a long
term treatment.
This article was very helpful in describing a new treatment that could potentially
improve a permanent prognosis on a human or animal. It provided great detail on what causes
permanent spinal cord injuries, what affects spinal cord injuries, and what can be done about said
injuries. This article would be especially helpful to someone looking into new treatments or
someone interested in new therapy methods for animals and humans with paralysis.

Targeted Cancer Therapies. National Cancer Institute, National Cancer Institute ,

https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted

This article introduces targeted cancer therapies and the costly positives and negatives of
this treatment. Targeted molecular therapy is the use of molecular drugs that interfere with a
malignant (cancerous), reproduction signals. This strategy stops the growth of cancerous cells
and halts the spread of cancer in the body. Targeted therapy is much different than the average
chemotherapy. Unlike chemotherapy, targeted therapy is designed to interact will mutated cells
and stops the regeneration of cancer cells, whereas chemotherapy would only kill cancerous
cells. The drugs that create targeted therapy treatments interact with a cell's genes and stops the
protein that signals duplication, also known as BRAF. By looking at the abnormalities of cancer
cells compared to normal cells, scientists have been able to program proteins that directly targets
cancer cells on a molecular level. Molecular therapy has rapidly developed into small molecules
called mechanical antibodies that locates and attacks cancerous cells. Recently, clinical trials on
animals have proven this method successful. No researcher has tested it on humans yet, but
progress is being made in hopes of creating human clinical trials. Different targeted therapies
include hormonal therapies (which uses hormones to stop tumor growth), signal inhibitors
(which stop cell signals to reproduce), and angiogenesis inhibitors (which stops blood flow to
tumors). Many other innovative targeted therapies are being created with the same goals in mind.
Although tests are coming back positive, targeted therapy does have some setbacks. Some cancer
cells have been known to resists medication, create new mutations, and may not be effective on
certain cancers. Side effects of targeted cancer include skin problems, blood clotting, and high
blood pressure. Although the setbacks are quite large, with further research targeted molecular
therapy could potentially become a new and effective treatment for cancer.
This article would be very helpful to someone who may be interested in targeted therapy
or is looking into targeted therapy. In provided detailed passages of what types of targeted
therapies there are, the positives and negatives of those treatments, and how targeted therapy
works. This resource would be extremely important for those looking to compare and contrast
new and old cancer treatments and for those who need information on targeted molecular
therapy.

Targeted Molecular Therapy for Untreatable Neurofibroma Tumors. ScienceDaily,

ScienceDaily, 10 Dec. 2012, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12

This article details the new findings found in preclinical trials on using targeted
molecular therapy on nerve tumors. Neurofibromatosis, also known as nerve tumors, was
thought to be one of the harder cancers to treat and targeted molecular therapy only seemed to be
effective in certain niches in cancer. At the Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute of Cincinnati,
researchers and doctors have found that targeted molecular therapy could be a good match with
those who have nerve cancer. Neurofibromas are benign tumors, or tumors and that not
cancerous, that grow along the nervous system in the body. These tumors often mutate and
rapidly grow, compressing vital organs. Although these tumors are benign, neurofibroma often
turns malignant. Currently, targeted molecular therapy trials are using drugs that attack a protein
called MEK. MEK is a protein that promotes and enables cells growth and division. Researchers
are successfully testing the optimal doses of drugs with low toxicity that shrink tumors in mice.
Oncologists hope to use the information obtained from these preclinical trials in order to support
neurofibromatosis and as well as the general cancer community.
This article would be very important to those wanting recent information on how targeted
molecular therapy is being used and the positive benefits it may have treating cancers like
neurofibromatosis. This resource detailed the impact targeted molecular therapy has on cancer
treatments and clearly laid out the positive results it is producing. This article is a useful source
for someone who is researching the positive effects of molecular therapy on cancer and how it
affect the field and the people within it.

"Targeted Therapy vs Chemotherapy: Which Has Had More Impact on Survival in Lung
Cancer?" Hematology Oncology. Millennium Medical Publishing, 06 Nov. 2014. Web. 25
Oct. 2016.

This article addresses the question of whether chemotherapy or targeted molecular

therapy increases the lifestyle of a patient with cancer. When comparing the two cancer
treatments, a patient must look at its success rate, side effects, benefits, and cost. While studying
targeted molecular therapy, researchers have found that users of this method have suffered from
less side effects and have been able to better handle their smaller cancers. On the other hand,
chemotherapy has more side effects, but has been more heavily researched and tested. Targeted
molecular therapy is often a treatment not commonly thought of, while chemotherapy has been
applied and tested with positive results. Chemotherapy may also seem more appealing because
targeted therapy is usually seen as a niche treatment. Those with genetic mutations, lung cancer,
or are in a lesser subgroup may seek targeted therapy for a better results, while chemotherapy
can usually be used to treat most malignant masses. Targeted molecular therapy has
revolutionized treatments on lung cancers, but has not dramatically improved a patient quality
and quantity of life compared to chemotherapy. All though all signs may point to chemotherapy
as the primary clinical cancer treatment, the progress made in targeted therapy cannot be ignored.
Further expansion in molecular therapy would be imperative for the progression of cancer
research and the health of cancer victims. If molecular therapy could cover the broad range
chemotherapy could cover, targeted molecular therapy could become the number used clinical
trial for cancer patients.

This article would be especially helpful for those who are undecided on whether targeted
therapy or chemotherapy would be right for them. The article help the audience better understand
both treatments by compared and contrasted the positives and negative of targeted therapy and
chemotherapy. This resource would greatly benefit towards research on chemotherapy v.
targeted therapy and the effect they have on treated patients.

Chemotherapy versus EGFR-Targeted Therapy in Non-EGFR-Mutated Lung Cancer -

Medivizor. Medivizor, 19 Sept. 2015, medivizor.com/blog/samplelibrary/lung-
cancer/chemotherapy-versus-egfr-targeted

This article discusses the differences between chemotherapy and targeted molecular
therapy. Both chemotherapy and targeted molecular therapy fight a common enemy: malignant
cell growth. Although they fight a common enemy they are two completely different things, and
just recently are scientist comparing the two in lung cancer studies. Although chemotherapy is
the most mainstream of the two treatments, targeted molecular therapy are more responsive the
the that duplicates cancer cells, also known as EGFR. In comparisons, oncologist are seeing that
chemotherapy best treats lung cancer tumors without EGFR mutations, while targeted molecular
therapy best treats EGFR with mutations. Both targeted molecular therapy and chemotherapy
have shown similar survival rates after long term treatment, despite the differences in conditions.
Scientist hope to use this knowledge to expand on targeted molecular therapy and improve upon
chemotherapy.

This article was exceptionally helpful to those looking to find the best treatment for
different forms of cancer. The article provided a lot of information that would help in research
comparing the cancer treatments or those advocating for a particular cancer treatment. The
information provided on mutations and how it affects the treatment will be especially helpful for
those researching for the right treatment option.

New Targeted Gene Therapy Could Lead to Improved Treatment for Emphysema.
ScienceDaily, ScienceDaily, Boston University Medical Center, 5 July 2016,
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/07/160705135135.htm.

This article discusses the idea of using targeted molecular therapy in order to treat
inherited diseases such as emphysema. The chronic disease is caused by a deficiency in the gene
named Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, or AATD for short. Current treatments for emphysema
include infusion of normal AAT protein directly in the lungs, but research has concluded that this
treatment may not be as effective compared the new experimental models. In this experiment
model, scientists are copying health lung cell genes cloning them within the lungs. The
experiment proved successful, as the new gene model created only healthy cells for more than a
year. Techniques gene therapy are transferring over to liver and lung cancer treatments. With
further research, gene therapy for AAT protein will influence a new and better cancer treatment.
This article would be very important to those looking for the appropriate treatment for
inherited disease or those who are researching the advancements in targeted molecular therapy.
This article highlighted positives targeted molecular therapy many has and how its affecting
treatment in emphysema and possibly lung or liver. This article would be applicable to research
that is is advocating for targeted molecular therapy.

New Targeted Gene Therapy Could Lead to Improved Treatment for Emphysema.
ScienceDaily, ScienceDaily, Boston University Medical Center, 5 July 2016,
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/07/160705135135.htm.

This article discusses the idea of using targeted molecular therapy in order to treat
inherited diseases such as emphysema. The chronic disease is caused by a deficiency in the gene
named Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, or AATD for short. Current treatments for emphysema
include infusion of normal AAT protein directly in the lungs, but research has concluded that this
treatment may not be as effective compared the new experimental models. In this experiment
model, scientists are copying health lung cell genes cloning them within the lungs. The
experiment proved successful, as the new gene model created only healthy cells for more than a
year. Techniques gene therapy are transferring over to liver and lung cancer treatments. With
further research, gene therapy for AAT protein will influence a new and better cancer treatment.
This article would be very important to those looking for the appropriate treatment for
inherited disease or those who are researching the advancements in targeted molecular therapy.
This article highlighted positives targeted molecular therapy many has and how its affecting
treatment in emphysema and possibly lung or liver. This article would be applicable to research
that is is advocating for targeted molecular therapy.

Monoclonal Antibodies and Canine Lymphoma: A Huge Leap Forward. Monoclonal

Antibodies and Canine Lymphoma: A Huge Leap Forward | The Veterinary Cancer
Center, The Veterinary Cancer Center 2016, www.vcchope.com/news/

Monoclonal antibody therapy is a form of targeted molecular therapy. Monoclonal

antibody therapy falls under the category of immunotherapy, using the bodys immune system to
turn against the cancer cells. This targeted therapy is currently being clinically tested and used to
treat canine lymphoma. These drugs are awaiting USDA approval, in hopes of being able to treat
dogs with T-cell lymphoma. The antibodies in this targeted therapy works similarly to the ones
that are naturally produced by the body. The antibodies will kill bacteria that is foreign to the
body or in this case, cancer cells. The monoclonal antibodies will locate and latch onto the
cancer cell, alerting other antibodies and eventually the entire immune system to attack the
cancerous cells. When successful, monoclonal antibodies will stop new blood cells from finding
the cancer cells and stop growth signals all together.

This article would be especially helpful to those looking for new types of targeted
molecular therapy for their dogs. It would best support those researching the benefits of
immunotherapy for cancers or those looking for new canine cancer treatments.
McGinley, Laurie. New Tricks in Canine Cancer Research May Improve Treatments for
Humans, Too. The Washington Post, WP Company, 26 Nov. 2016,
www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/new-tricks-in-canine-cancer-

Recently, clinical trials of immunotherapy on a golden retriever has proved successful.

Flyer, a dog of eight years old, was diagnosed with bone cancer. Through many testings,
veterinarians have speculated that her deadly bone cancer may be spreading to her lungs.
Veterinarians at University of Pennsylvania Ryan Veterinary Hospital working with
immunologists in order to study comparative oncology. By using comparative oncology, vets and
doctors alike can use each others works and findings in order to better treat their patients. Both
professions will try different procedures that may not have been specifically for their patient;s
species and slowly applying that treatment in order to find better results. Immunotherapy, a form
of cancer treatment using the immune system, is a popular treatment being worked on by both
vets and doctors. These clinical trials, although come with a hefty price tag. Both vets and
doctors hope that as the treatments become more popular and successful, the price will gradually
make the treatment more approachable. Flyer was given a vaccine in the immunotherapy
category with the help of both vets and doctors, giving her another chance in life.

This article was extremely helpful for those who are looking for new research in
immunotherapy and cancer therapy for dogs and as well as humans. This resource would be great
for those who are looking to find a clinical treatment for their pets or looking for more
information on the impact of immunotherapy and comparative oncology.

MediVet Biologics Announces Publication on Immunotherapy Vaccine for Can... ( Lexingt...).

MediVet Biologics Announces Publication on Immunotherapy Vaccine for Can... (
Lexingt...), 9 Nov. 2016, www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news-1/MediVet-Biologics-

Vaccines are currently being made in order to prevent cancer in dogs of all breed. Up to
50% of dogs who are over the age of 10 develop cancer in their lives. Conventional treatments
for cancer include chemotherapy and radiation, but new studies have found that immunotherapy
could be a big successor in canine oncology. Canine immunotherapy uses the body's own
immune system to target cancer cells. Clinical research has also created treatments that are
tailored for patients and their tumors. 85% of the dogs in the clinical test have shown anti-tumor
response. Most patients, human and dogs, are finding positive results using immunotherapy.
Scientists are continuing improve their immunotherapy treatments in hopes of finding affordable
care.
This source was very helpful in explaining the progression of immunotherapy treatments
in dogs. The article would be most helpful for a owner looking for future immunotherapy
treatments or someone researching the impact of immunotherapy.

Mullin, Emily. Sick Dogs Could Be Key to Unlocking Mysteries of Immunotherapy. MIT
Technology Review, MIT Technology Review, 4 Nov. 2016,
www.technologyreview.com/s/602773/
sick-dogs-could-be-key-to-unlocking-mysteries-of-immunotherapy/.
 Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that utilizes the bodys immune system in order to
target cancer cells. Scientist are currently researching why immunotherapy only works on some
patients and not the majority. National Institution of Health is collaborating with veterinarians in
order to test the effectiveness of immunotherapy on dogs in hopes of applying the same
technique on humans. Because dog and human cancers are very similar, scientist are expecting
positive results for both humans and dogs after several clinical trials. Immunotherapy creates
brakes in a bodys immune system, disabling the biological signals cancer cells use in order to
multiply. Multiple immunotherapies have been FDA approved and a series of clinical trials are
being conducted on B-cell lymphoma, melanoma, bladder cancer, osteosarcoma, glioma, and
mammary cancer.
This article was very helpful in explaining the needed collaboration of doctors and
veterinarians. The source described the impact of immunotherapy on oncology as a whole and
would be most helpful for a patient looking for new cancer treatments or those researching the
importance of immunotherapy.

"Targeted Therapy vs Chemotherapy: Which Has Had More Impact on Survival in Lung
Cancer?" Hematology Oncology. Millennium Medical Publishing, 06 Nov. 2014. Web. 25
Oct. 2016.

This article addresses the question of whether chemotherapy or targeted molecular

therapy increases the lifestyle of a patient with cancer. When comparing the two cancer
treatments, a patient must look at its success rate, side effects, benefits, and cost. While studying
targeted molecular therapy, researchers have found that users of this method have suffered from
less side effects and have been able to better handle their smaller cancers. On the other hand,
chemotherapy has more side effects, but has been more heavily researched and tested. Targeted
molecular therapy is often a treatment not commonly thought of, while chemotherapy has been
applied and tested with positive results. Chemotherapy may also seem more appealing because
targeted therapy is usually seen as a niche treatment. Those with genetic mutations, lung cancer,
or are in a lesser subgroup may seek targeted therapy for a better results, while chemotherapy
can usually be used to treat most malignant masses. Targeted molecular therapy has
revolutionized treatments on lung cancers, but has not dramatically improved a patient quality
and quantity of life compared to chemotherapy. All though all signs may point to chemotherapy
as the primary clinical cancer treatment, the progress made in targeted therapy cannot be ignored.
Further expansion in molecular therapy would be imperative for the progression of cancer
research and the health of cancer victims. If molecular therapy could cover the broad range
chemotherapy could cover, targeted molecular therapy could become the number used clinical
trial for cancer patients.

This article would be especially helpful for those who are undecided on whether targeted
therapy or chemotherapy would be right for them. The article help the audience better understand
both treatments by compared and contrasted the positives and negative of targeted therapy and
chemotherapy. This resource would greatly benefit towards research on chemotherapy v.
targeted therapy and the effect they have on treated patients.