5/1/2017 InductionMotorModelOpenElectrical

InductionMotorModel
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Contents
1 SingleCageModel
2 DoubleCageModel
3 CoreLosses
4 ParameterMismatchwithMeasuredData
5 ParameterEstimation
6 References
7 RelatedTopics

SingleCageModel
Thesinglecagemodelhasthefollowingparameters:

Un =motorterminalvoltage
R s =statorresistance
Xs =statorleakagereactance
Xm =magnetisingreactance
R r =rotorresistance
Xr =rotorreactance

Ithasbeenshown(forexample,in[1])thatthesingle
cagemodelisnotabletocaptureboththestarting
Figure1.Singlecagemodelequivalentcircuit
characteristicsandthebreakdowntorque
characteristicsofacageinductionmotor.Thereforefor
motorstartupsimulations,thedoublecagemodelisrecommended.

DoubleCageModel
Thedoublecagemodelhasthefollowing
parameters:

Un =motorterminalvoltage
R s =statorresistance
Xs =statorleakagereactance
Xm =magnetisingreactance
R r1 =innercagerotorresistance
Xr1 =innercagerotorreactance
R r1 =outercagerotorresistance Figure2.Doublecagemodelequivalentcircuit
Xr1 =outercagerotorreactance

CoreLosses
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Youwillnoticethatinthemodelsabove,theshuntmagnetisingbranchisrepresentedasamagnetisingreactance
only(Xm ).Inapracticalmotor,therewillalsobeeddycurrentsinthecorelaminationsthatmanifestthemselves
asheatlosses.Thesesocalledcore(oriron)lossescanbemodelledasashuntresistanceasperthestandard
transformermodel.

ParameterMismatchwithMeasuredData
Manufacturerssometimesprovidetheelectricalparametersforthemotorequivalentcircuit(usuallythesinglecage
model)ontheirdatasheets,basedonmeasuredtestdata(e.g.usingthestandardtestsinIEEEStd112(http://dx.do
i.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.1997.82360)).However,ifoneweretocomputethemotortorquespeedcurveusingthese
parameters,significantdifferenceswilloftenbefoundbetweenthetorquespeedcurveimpliedbytheequivalent
circuitandthetorquespeedcurvefromthemanufacturersperformancedata(e.g.breakdowntorque,lockedrotor
torque,etc)[2].

Thereasonforthisisthattheequivalentcircuitmodelisasimplificationofreality.Formodellingpurposes,we
wouldlikeanequivalentcircuitwithconstantparametersthatisreasonablyaccurate(whencomparedtothe
performancedata)overthefullrangeofslipvalues.However,thissimplifiedmodeldoesn'ttakeintoconsideration
anumberoffactorspresentinpracticalmotors,forexample:

Theequivalentcircuitparametersarenotconstant,andactuallyvarywithfrequency(slip).The
manufacturerwillsometimesprovidemeasuredelectricalparameterdataatvariousslipvaluesand
theywillnodoubtbedifferent.Forexample,rotorresistanceisfrequency(slip)dependent,causedby
eddycurrentsindeepandshapedrotorbars.Likewise,leakageinductancesvaryduetoeddycurrents
andsaturationoftheleakagefluxpath[3]
Theparametersalsovarywithtemperatureandsaturationoftheteethandcore[4]
Statorresistanceisnormallymeasuredwithadcresistancetest(e.g.IEEEStd112(http://dx.doi.org/1
0.1109/IEEESTD.1997.82360)),buttheacresistancemaybedifferentinpracticeandisalso
temperaturedependent
SaturationoftheleakagepathofstatorandrotormagneticfieldsduringDOLstartingreducesthe
leakagereactancesatlockedrotorconditions.Howeverthelockedrotortestisdoneatreduced
voltagestosimulatefullloadcurrents.Thereforethetestdoesntactuallysimulatethehighcurrentson
startingandthustendstooverestimatetherotorandstatorleakagereactances.
Theskineffectreducesrotorleakageinductance
Theeffectofspaceandtimemmfharmonics
Fordeepbarordoublecagemachines,classicalnoloadandlockedrotortestsresultinrotor
resistancesthatareoftentoohigh

Asmentionedabove,wewantanequivalentcircuitwithconstantparametersthatisreasonablyaccurateoverthe
fullrangeofslipvaluesfrom0to1pu.Sometimessuchanequivalentcircuitdoesntactuallyexist,andinsuch
caseswehavetodecidewhichpartstosacrifice(e.g.ifonlythestartingcharacteristicsareimportantinthestudy,
thenitmaybeacceptableforthefullloadcharacteristicstobelessaccurate).

ParameterEstimation
Theequivalentcircuitparametersofaninductionmotorcanbeestimatedbyvariousclassesofparameter
estimationmethods,dependingonwhattypeofdatasetsareavailableandtheapplicationsofthemodel.The
estimationmethodsgenerallyfallintooneoffiveclasses[5]:

Class Description DataRequired Applications

1.Parameter Accurateelectromagnetic Detailsonmotor Designandmanufactureof
calculationfrom fieldbasedcalculationof construction,e.g. inductionmotorstomeet
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motorconstruction motorparameters geometricalandmaterial certainperformance

data data requirements
Motorperformancedata
2.Parameter Iterativeestimation
frommanufacturer,e.g.
estimationbasedon algorithmsbasedonsteady Desktop(offline)power
nameplatedetails,torque
steadystatemotor statenetworkdataandmotor systemstudies
slipcurves,currentslip
models manufacturerdata
curves
Offlinepowersystem
Parameterestimationbased
studieswhenSSFRtest
3.Frequency onstandstillfrequency
resultsareavailable(more
domainparameter response(SSFR)test SSFRtestresults
accuratethanestimation
estimation measurementsandresulting
basedonsteadystate
transferfunction
models)
4.Timedomain Timedomainmotortest
Motortestand Simplifiedmodelsbasedon
parameter measurementsareusedto
measurementsetup realtestdata
estimation tunemodelparameters
Simplifiedmodelsstimation
5.Realtime Onlinetuningofinduction
basedonrealtime Motorsensorsand
parameter motordrivecontrollers(e.g.
measurementsofactual measurementdevices
estimation variablespeeddrives)
motoroperation

References
[1]Pedra,J.,Estimationoftypicalsquirrelcageinductionmotorparametersfordynamicperformance
simulation(http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ipgtd:20045209),IEEEProceedingsonGeneration,Transmission
andDistribution,Vol.153,No.2,2006

[2]Filho,E.,Lima,A.,andJacobina,C.,ParameterEstimationforInductionMachinesviaNonLinear
LeastSquaresMethod(http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IECON.1991.239212),Conferenceproceedingsof
IECON,1991

[3]Rogers,G.,Shirmohammadi,D.,InductionMachineModellingforElectromagneticTransientProgram
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MPER.1987.5526837),IEEETransactionsonEnergyConversion,Vol.EC2,
No.4,1987

[4]Waters,S.S.,Willoughby,R.D.,"ModelingInductionMotorsforSystemStudies(http://dx.doi.org/10.1
109/TIA.1983.4504301)",IEEETransactionsonIndustryApplications,Vol1A19,No.5,1983

[5]Lindenmeyer,D.,Dommel,H.W.,Moshref,A.,andKundur,P.,"Aninductionmotorparameter
estimationmethod(http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S01420615(00)000600)",ElectricalPowerandEnergy
Systems,Vol.23,2001

RelatedTopics
MotorParameterEstimationfromSteadyStateModels

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