Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 24

Tracking Algal Blooms in the

Santa Barbara Channel

PRESENTED BY ERIN MAGUIRE


Harmful Algal Bloom

  Historically the Southern California Bight has frequent Phytoplankton


Blooms
  Recently there has been a concern a toxic diatom bloom of Pseudo-
nitzschia
  Several species of Pseudo-nitzschia can synthesize toxin domoic acid
(DA) which bioaccumulates in shellfish and finfish.
  Causes harmful affects on mammals by replacing a neurotransmitter
and causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (Anderson et al 2006).

http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/hab/habs_toxins/marine_biotoxins/images/Razor%20Clam%20Warning.jpg
Abiotic Factors that Affect Algal Bloom

  Nutrients
  Currents
  Salinity
  Temperature
http://diatoms.lifedesks.org/node/4
Drivers of an Algal Bloom

  Upwelling brings cold, saltier, nutrient rich waters that feed


phytoplankton blooms.
  Wind driven upwelling occurs in two ways in the Santa Barbra channel
first is the northwest wind of that blow on California . Also within the
channel itself when the winds blow west causes an upwelling.

http://www.cnsm.csulb.edu/departments/geology/people/bperry/geology303/_derived/geol303text.html_txt_SCBMAPV2.gif
Objectives

  Use the Master data to determine where the algae


bloom is in the Santa Barbra Channel
  Separate the kelp from the algae by using
Fluorescence line height (FLH)
  Use time series of aboitic factors that affect the
bloom to have a better understanding on where the
bloom is going.
Remote Sensing

http://airbornescience.nasa.gov/instrument/instruments.html http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/DC-8 /

Two Flights over Santa Barbra Channel June 29th and July
1, 2010. Collected the data on Santa Barbra channel only
on July 1st do to cloud cover.
Remote Sensing

  The Master instrument has 50 spectral bands


(visible through thermal infrared)
  NASA uses this instrument to study geological and
Earth’s surface properties(http://asapdata.arc.nasa.gov/dscrptns.htm)
  “This provides us with high resolution data that can
monitor patterns and processes of ecosystems across
spatial and temporal scales”. (Cavanaugh et al 2010).
Fluorescence Line Height (FLH) Definitions

  Chlorophyll fluorescence is a good measure on how healthy


the phytoplankton are in the ocean. When phytoplankton are
stressed instead of photosynthesize they admit absorbed
sunlight as fluorescence. http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=72)
(

  FLH- is a relative measure of the amount of radiance


leaving the sea surface in the chlorophyll fluorescence
emission band
  Baseline- Is the linear fit between the two bands. (
http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/forum/oceancolor/topic_show.pl?tid=1313)

  FLH determines the chlorophyll fluoresce efficiency as well as


daily primary productivity.
  Intensity of fluorescence depends on light absorption, how
quickly it goes to reaction sites, and how fast the absorbed
energy goes through photosynthesis. (Abbott et al).
Fluorescence Line Height (FLH)

  Using the Master Bands 5 (.658µm), 6 (.714µm), 7 (.


756µm). To find a linear interpellation between radiances
(baseline) .658µm- .756µm
  Decipher the different FLH of kelp and algae blooms by
picking the region of interests with sample of FLH in
each.
  Then creating a model based on the different FLH’s
  Also used bands 8, 9 and NDVI
  NDVI- Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
  (NIR-RED)/(NIR+RED)
FLH Math

  FLH= L14-Lbaseline
  Lbaseline=L15 +(L13-L15)*( λ15-λ14)/(λ15-λ13)
  L- Radiance Reading
  λ- band center wavelength
  This equation measures of deviation from L14 using
bands 13 and 15 on the Modis. (Letelier, Abbott
1996.)
  So I measured the deviation from L6 on the master
and plugged in wavelengths accordingly.
Region of Interests
Classification tree

Used Weka J48 Algorithium. Tweaked minobj (60) and implemented into
Envi for classification
Classification tree
Separating the Kelp and Algae using FLH
MODIS
The Abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia on June 11 2010

Cells/L

Dr.Clarissa Anderson
Concentration of Domoic Acid on June 11 2010

ng/L

Dr. Clarissa Anderson


Time Series Currents 6/25/2010-7/1/2010

http://sccoos.jpl.nasa.gov/SCB/index.jsp
Time series Salinity 6/25/2010-7/1/2010

http://sccoos.jpl.nasa.gov/SCB/index.jsp
Time Series of Temperature 6/25/2010-7/1/2010

http://sccoos.jpl.nasa.gov/SCB/index.jsp
Conclusion

  Using remote sensing with high resolution master


data along with the use of FLH and abiotic factors
will give us a better understanding on how algal
blooms form and give us better prediction models.

http://www.sbnature.org/content/425/
image/pseudonitzschia563.jpg
Acknowledgements

  NASA
  SARP
  NSERC
  Ocean Group
  DC-8 Staff
  Dr. Clarissa Anderson
  Dr. Nick Clinton
  Dr. Raphael Kudela
  Dr. Rick Shetter
  Eric Buzay
References

  Abbott Mark, Ricardo Letelier. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document


  Chlorophyll Fluorescence (MODIS Product Number 20). College of Oceanic Atmospheric Science.
Anderson Clarissa et al.Circulation and environmental conditions duringa toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia
australis bloom in the Santa Barbara Channel, California. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 327: 119–133, 2006.
Gower et al. Detection of intense Plankton Blooms Using an 709 nm Band of MERIS imaging
Spectormeter. Inernational Journal of Remote Sensing. 26: 9, 2005-2012, 2005.
Letelier Ricardo, Abbott Mark. An Analysis of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Algorithms for the Moderate
Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). Remote Sensing Enivronment. 58: 215-223. 1996.
http://sccoos.jpl.nasa.gov/SCB/index.jsp
http://asapdata.arc.nasa.gov/dscrptns.htm
http://airbornescience.nasa.gov/instrument/instruments.html
http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/DC-8/
http://diatoms.lifedesks.org/node/4
Questions?

https://cac4life.sslpowered.com/DoctorIntro/assets/images/man-scratching-head.jpg

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi