Assignment/Project_1617-2

Metrology and Measurement Systems

(MME 3110/MANU2313)
NAME: MUHAMMAD SOLLEHEN BIN MISNAN
MATRIC NUMBER: 1522675
SECTION: 1
LECTURERS NAME: PROF. DR. MOHAMED
KONNEH
Explain why tolerance analysis is important in manufacturing industries. Review and evaluate
the tolerance allocation methods commonly practiced for assembly of engineering components
or parts. Give one example in each case.

Submission date: 12 May 2017

In industry, tolerance analysis is salient to reduce the production cost and increase the easiness to
produce the product (producibility). It provides the appropriate basis in setting the tolerances of
the dimension of the assembly.

There are two most common models applies in engineering design, worst case and statistical.

In worst case analysis, assembly tolerance, TASM is found by adding all tolerances from all parts
linearly while statistical case, is added as root sum squared. T ASM are assumed to correspond to
6*(standard deviation)

Tolerance allocation methods:

1. Proportional scaling

The tolerances are determined separately depending on the process involved and the size
range of the part. The table shows the tolerance range of the machining processes.

Table 1

To determine the tolerance of each part, one must keep in mind that if the part is vendor
supplied, the tolerance is preset and fixed. No need to consider nor alter the value. Through
this method, the tolerance for every part is known as the summation of tolerances.
For tolerance allocation, the assembly tolerance, TASM is know but the the tolerance
components is what the significance of the use of the method coming in, i.e. to find out the
components of tolerance for all design parts.

Let us consider the below assembly we can find in turning process.

Part A, C and G are vendor-supplied with the tolerances of 0.0015, 0.0025 and 0.0025
respectively. Refer the table below for the dimensions of all parts.

As mentioned earlier, part A, C and G are vendor-supplied. Thus, no need to consider their
tolerances are they are preset.

Let us place the tolerances of all parts in a table.

 DIMENSION A B C D E F G

Average 0.050 8.000 0.509 0.400 7.711 0.400 0.509

5 3 3

Design

Fixed 0.001 0.002 0.002

5 5 5

The rest of the values can be found in table 1.

E

&

Only consider the values in bordered region. Pick any value with regard to the parts
dimension.

DIMENSION A B C D E F G

Average 0.050 8.000 0.509 0.400 7.711 0.400 0.509

5 3 3

Design Tolerance 0.008 0.002 0.006 0.002

Fixed Tolerance 0.001 0.002 0.002

 5 5 5

The tolerances for all parts have now been determined.

Clearance tolerance is the summation of tolerances in the assembly while average clearance
is the vector summation of parts dimensions.

For this assembly, the required clearance = 0.020 +/- 0.015.

Let us now calculate the clearance tolerance, TASM and average clearance, CAVG.

TASM = + TA + TB + TC + TD + TE + TF + TG

= +0.0015+0.008+0.0025+0.002+0.006+0.002+0.0025

= 0.0245

CAVG = -A+B-C+D-E+F-G

= -0.0505+8.000-0.5093+4.00-7.711+0.4000-0.5093

= 0.020

These two must satisfy the required clearance.

TASM is beyond the clearance limit. Thus, we need to find the factor of proportion.

TASM = 0.015(clearance tolerance) = (0.0015+0.0025+0.0025)fixed tolerance + P(0.008+0.002+0.006+0.002)

Then, solve for P.

P= 0.47222

The non-preset tolerances are then re-assigned their values.

TB = P(0.008) = 0.00378

TD, TF = P(0.002) = 0.00094

TE = P(0.006) = 0.00283

DIMENSION A B C D E F G

Average 0.050 8.000 0.509 0.400 7.711 0.400 0.509

5 3 3
Design Tolerance 0.0037 0.0009 0.0028 0.0009
8 4 3 4

Fixed Tolerance 0.001 0.002 0.002

5 5 5

2. Constant precision factor

Let us consider the same example with this factor. Since we know that the methods of
analysis are divided into two, i.e. worst and statistical. There are rules to compute the
precision factor according to the type of analysis we are using.

This time, we will be using finding the tolerances from statistical analysis.

So, the statistical sum can be found as below:

P2 = 2.3387(10-5)

P= 0.004836

Then, re-setting the tolerances.