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Waves
The displacement due to two waves that pass
1.3 through the same point in space is the algebraic
sum of displacements of the two waves.
Superposition principle
Interference The combination of waves is called interference.
Beats Constructive interference the waves reinforce
each other
Fourier analysis
Destructive interference the waves cancel each
other.
Superposition
distance
The two waves have the same phase
Wave 2
Wave 2
Anti-noise
Superposition
Distance ->
The two waves are out of phase (by 180o , or )
1
Interference of sound waves.
Interference due to path r2-r1 =0.13 m
difference
path difference = =r2 r1
r1
Wave 1
A
Superposition of waves
at A shows interference As the listener moves from position O to position P he
r2 hears the first minimum in sound intensity. Find the
Wave 2 due to path differences
In phase at x=0 frequency of the oscillation. vsound =340 m/s
Beat Frequency
tuning musical instruments
difference period T two instruments play the same note.
product of 2 cos functions the beat frequency tell how different the
high frequency -sum
low frequency- difference frequencies are.
beat period one player adjusts his instrument to
minimize the beat frequency.
y(t) = A cos 1t + A cos 2 t
(1 2 )t ( + 2 )t
when the beat frequency => zero the
cos 1t + cos 2 t = 2cos cos 1 instruments are in tune.
2 2
beat frequency = f1 f2
2
Interference in 2 dimensions Interference in light waves
Screen
White-maxima
Black-minima
Blue- zero
Water Waves show constructive and wave fronts in 2 Intensity profile for
destructive interference dimensions (white light waves
lines=maxima) (red=high intensity)