Moussa Sarwary

Year 8

PDHPE
Workbook

Name: ___Moussa.s_____ Class: __8A____

1
 Out and about
Key words and terms
Assertive, Consequences, Risk, Negotiate, Conflict, Outcomes of risk behaviour, Mediate,
Protective behaviours, Alternative, Risk taking, Harm, Assertive responses, Conflict resolution

Risk A hazard or dangerous

chance
Risk taking
Doing something when
Harm the consequences of that
action are uncertain
A negative consequence resulting from a particular
Outcomes for risk behaviour behaviour

The result of a behaviour

Consequences
involving chance
Assertive
The effect or result from a
Alternative particular behaviour

Mediate The possible options

available
Conflict Actions that can keep one
safe
Conflict resolution

Behaving in a manner that

Harm respects yourself and
others
Assertive responses
A statement that is used
Consequences to make a point in a
manner that re-spects
others and put across your own point of view

To resolve a difference between other people

To bring about agreement between two or more people

A disagreement or argument
A plan to end a disagreement or argument

2
 School Out of school sports

Soccer

Family

Influences on our
behaviour and
decision making.
Movies

Friends

Activity: Now select one of the influences you came up with and explain how
it effects your behaviour and decision making.
I think in my opinion think that friend are the most behaviour changing
thing because they force you to do different things and are all ways
bullied if you dont do it.

3
4
 Important Decisions

Case Study

Beth is a year 8 student . She has been invited to a party by the

most popular kid in her year. Everyone she knows is going but
she is well aware that there may be people drinking alcohol and
smoking marijuana at the party. If her parents knew about this they
would not want her to go.

Activity:
Beth has some important decisions to make. Complete the following questions
us-ing the decision making steps outlined below.

1- Identify the Problems:

They are drinking alcohol and they are smoking a very bad
drug called marijuana.
2 List Beths Alternatives:
her risks would be that her friends might force her to
smoke or drink.
3 Consider the consequences of each alternative:
That the popular person will get in a lot of trouble
and it will be bad for Beths health if she do it.
4 Decide on Beths best course of action and explain
your reasons behind it
I think that Beth should say no to her friends and say
that I cant make it in my opinion.

5
Activity 1Write your own definition of the following words:

Risk - A risk is something that you choose to do or you are forced to do.

Harm Harm is a very strong word because you can use that word to threaten
someone or somebody.

Reasons Given by young people for risk taking

Risk taking is forced

Risk is a very big word in person

Risk is a self-chosen structure

A Risk is sometimes made by a friend

A risk is sometimes made by family

A risk is a very big thing to do because it can take your life.

A risk is another word for chance or danger

A risk is where you are going to give your life in a big situation

A risk taker is someone who all ways takes risks, like lying

ARisk is a very stupid thing to do while living in such a

great environment.
6
 For each of the following situations
Identify the degree of risk by ranking it as low, medium or high risk
List the potential harms that could occur in each situation

Situation Ranking Possible Harms

Swimming at night in the High sharks

surf life guards
big waves

Riding your bike to a friends murderers

house medium cars and buses
drive ways

Spending the day at the stealing

beach with your friends Medium inappropriate things
drunk

Going to a party on Satur- High because they can become drunk

day night with your best they can start to have drugs
friend it might get to late

Walking home with someone LOW because they can be a murderer

you just met at a party they might have knife
they might be drunk

Getting a lift in an over- High because they can be a murderer

crowded car they can be a knife in the car
pulled of by the police

Taking a short cut across a because it is dangerous

because you can get run over by a
railway line High train
by not having a lot of time

Riding your bike on a busy Medium/high Depends these is a dangerous situation

road without a helmet you can brake your head
people can see you in the car

Being at a dance for under high because it might have some drugs
18 yr olds and accepting a because it is not good for you
drink from a stranger you can get into a fight

7
 Personal
Safety Plans

Always plan to keep yourself safe

Some keeping safe strategies

Add the following words to the spaces below.

who, know, address, unsafe, venue, someone, phone, tell

Discuss with your parents where you are going and give them an
___Address_________ or a contact ______phone________ number before you go
out.

Organize to go out in pairs or a larger group of friends and let your parents know
______who__ will be going.

Organise how you will travel to and from your ____Venue_____.

___tell_____ your parents what time you will be home and contact them if this
changes.

Ensure that ____someone_____ you are with has a mobile phone and has it turned on.

When you are out and about and need to leave the group, always go in pairs or a
smaller group. And let the rest of the group __________.

Have a back up plan ready if you recognise the situation is becoming ____Unsafe____

Can you add some more ideas?

She could just not even go
She has to stay with a big group or make her mom and dad pick her up

8
 Negotiation

Sometimes when you are out with friends you dont agree on what to do next. Some
courses of action involve higher degrees of risk than others. Being able to negotiate a
compromise with your friends can result in safer behaviours. When negotiating with
friends it is important to:

Listen to their point of view and needs

State your view without getting aggressive or upset
Be prepared to compromise without supporting risks taking

Look at the scenarios below and for each scenario:

identify the risks

identify strategies to reduce the risks

Scenario 1 Your friend wants to leave the party and walk home alone
He could get kidnapped and murdered
Scenario 2 Your friend has had an argument at school and has decided to leave school early to go to
park
That same person he had argument could come back and bash him
Scenario 3 You are late home from the movies and a friend has suggested cutting across the rail-
way tracks as a short cut.
You could get run over by a train and get killed

Scenario 4 You and your friends are planning a trip into the city and some friends are insisting on
traveling home on the train late at night

They could get murdered and somebody my offer them drugs or something

9
Scenario 5 On a picnic to the coast your friends have spotted a high cliff ideal for jumping into the sea
from.
He will die and he should not jump off the cliff
Scenario 6 You are out with friends and you can see a younger child being picked on by some kids
your own age
You should go and stop the older kids from bullying him
Scenario 7 You are out a friend home and their parent who has been drink alcohol offers to drive you
home. Even though you are reluctant to accept your friend and their parent insist.
Just dont go and walk home after the party

Scenario 8 You notice your friend becoming aggressive with another pedestrian on the street.

You go to help to stop the scene and walk away from it

10
 Resolving conflict

When conflicts arise, then effective communication can help to find a solution. I statements
can be useful in both avoiding conflict and resolving conflict. Try to express how the circum-
stance or the other persons actions make you feel. This can be done by saying, I feel when

Transform the following accusing statements into I statements.

You always call me names and make fun of me when I dont agree with your silly plan.

I feel sad when you call me names and your silly plan is very silly because it does not make
sense.

You are the cause of us being late. It is because you are selfish and wont listen to me
when I remind you that it is time to catch the last train.

I feel annoyed when you come late and think that you are the best person in the world
because you are such a show-off out of all of us.

You are such a loser. You could have killed us both when you dragged me across the road
in front of that bus.

I feel so sad when they can me loser and I was also saving there lifes too.

You never consider me when it comes to choosing which movie to see.

I feel useless when I can pick a movie we watch.

2. Define the silent treatment. Evaluate how effective this strategy is when resolving
conflict.

You must always remember to keep calm and never

stress too much about something or a bad scene that
has happen even when someone tells you very sad
news E.G. a family member has sadly passed away
and then what do you do you stay calm and always
remember that its the way who live passes by. So is
what I think about this definition.
 ASSERTIVE RESPONSES
With a partner or in a small group, identify five potentially unsafe scenarios that
could occur in peer group situations. For each unsafe situation brainstorm a series of
refusal responses and assertive behaviour you could use to keep yourself safe.

1. Situation:
So, the situation would be that there is a new person that has come to our school.
Responses:
- So that you can go up them and they say that they dont want to be you friend at
the scene.
- They can be a very rude and show-off person in the school around popular and
other older people.
- They can be a kind person and you dont want that for some reason
2. Situation:
Your peers are forcing you to do something bad to another student.
Responses:
- They can get sad and never be my or his friend ever again
- They can tell the teacher and the person who did it to him can get in a lot of
trouble
-They can also be embarrassed in front of the class by the teacher and they wont
trust you again
3. Situation:
A friend or someone could invite you to a party at 10pm and they are taking drugs
at the party.
Responses:
- They could hurt you at the party after they take the drugs
- They cant drive her home because they are out of control and cant drive at that
bad time
- They also could have made her take some drugs too.
4. Situation:
There might be in a gang and they might have killed somebody in the car
Responses:
- They might blame it on you if the cops turn up
- They also could get hurt by the gang member too.
- They could also kidnap you for money and if you dont have money they might
kill the kid.
5. Situation:
Going to the beach with your mates from the permission of your parents
Responses:
- The big waves could kill them
- They might drown in the deep water if they attend to go to it
- They can be killed by a shark or bitten by a shark
12
CAUSE OF DEATH

Causes of death, 4-15 years old Causes of death, 15-19 years old
2012 -2013 2012 -2013

Road Traffic
Crashes Other
15% 29% Road Traffic
Crashes
39%
Other Accidents
12%

Suicide
2% Assualt
Assualt 3%
1%
Other
Suicide
70% Other Accidents
17%
12%

Other refers to illness and disease

Other continue to be the leading cause of death for children 0-19 years -
around one quarter of deaths of children aged 5-14 yrs involve accidents (blue and red
sectors 12%).
This increases to just over __27 percent __ for 15-19yr olds.

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTAL DEATHS

Cause of Accidental Deaths, Children Aged 15 to 19 Years,

N SW , 2001 and 2002
Suffocate/Choke Other
Falls
1% 4%
4%
Poisoning
5%
Drowning
7%
Other Transport
2% Road Traffic
Crashes
77%

The majority of accidental deaths for children and young people are road traffic
crashes related.

Road traffic crashes is the next largest category of accidental deaths for children.

By definition accidents can be profitable.

Other transport refers to not on the road private property eg. Tr__n, pl___e, bo__t
13
ROAD TRAFFIC RELATED CASUALTIES

Casualties, 10-14 Yrs, N SW ,

2006-2008 Three Year Average

Driver 1%
M/Cyclist 2%
Pedal Cyclist
17%

Pedestrian
Passenger
23%
54%

Casualties, 15-19 Yrs, N SW ,

2006-2008 Three Year Average

M/Cyclist 5%
Pedal Cyclist
4%
Pedestrian
8%
Passenger
29% Driver
52%

-_____driver____ and ____pedestrain_____ continue to contribute the majority

of casualties (around 80%) amongst 10 to 14 year olds

-One in six casualties in this age group are pedal cyclists

-Driver_ comprise the largest group of casualties in the 15 to 19 year age group

-__Passenger ____ the next largest group

-One in six casualties are vulnerable road users - pedestrians,

motor cyclists and pedal cyclist.

14
PEDAL CYCLISTS

Casualties, Pedal Cyclists,

2006-2008 Three Year Average

150

100 Male
Female
50

0
0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19

Casualties, Pedal Cyclists, % N ot W earing A H elmet,

2006-2008 Three Year Average
60%

40%

20%

0%
0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20+yrs
Age Group

Pedal Cycle Casualties, NSW , 1989-2008, %

of Casualties Not W earing Helmet By Age
(W here Helmet Usage Known)
100%
0-17 Helmet Non Usage %
18-29 Helmet Non Usage %
80%
30+ Helmet Non Usage %
%Not Wearing Helmet

60%

45%
40%

26%
20% 20%
11%
8%
5%
0%
1989

1990
1991

1992
1993

1994
1995

1996
1997
1998

1999
2000
2001

2002
2003

2004
2005
2006

2007
2008

Year

15
Key points to consider:

-Child aged pedal cyclist casualties tended to have higher/lower rates of helmet non
us-age, compared with adult aged pedal cyclist casualties.

-Males/Females significantly outnumber males/females for all age groups between

5 and 19 years

-In the early 1990s NSW experienced a dramatic increase/decrease in reported pedal
cycle casualties which was associated with the culry helt wearing leg-islation.

-Since the mid 1990s the percentage of pedal cycle casualties not wearing a helmet
has been steadily decreasing/increasing particularly amongst children.

-In the last two years only one in two children aged pedal cyclists was wearing a
helmet, the lowest rates since the introduction of the helmet wearing legislation.

-Possible reasons why children are not wearing helmets include:

*there is an alarming number of children 0-4 years old not wearing helmets
*parents think that children riding in their yard without a helmet is acceptable
and that a helmet is only required when riding outside the house
boundary *children do not own a helmet or one that suitably fits their head
size *parents are not insisting upon children wearing helmets
*children cannot do up their own helmet
*children are riding unsupervised
*children and parents do not understand the significance of wearing a helmet
as a protective device
*parents dont realise a childs skull can be injured by a simple fall
*negative peer pressure and risk taking influences older children to not wear
a helmet

Young motorcyclists have a higher level of helmet non-usage than adult motor-
cyclists note issue about unlicensed riding of unregistered trail bikes

16
RISK FACTORS FOR YOUNG DRIVERS

Casualties, Drivers Aged 15 to 19 Years, Factors

Involved, 2006-2008 Three Year Average
40%
15-19
30%
20+yrs
20%

10%

0%
Illegal Alcohol Excessive Fatigue Non Use of
Speed Available Seat
Belt

Casualties, Drivers,
2006-2008 Three Year Average
1,000
800
600 Male
400 Female
200
0
0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19

-Young drivers tended to have a higher level of speed associated as a factor,

compared with adult aged drivers

-They also tended to have a slightly higher/lower level of driver fatigue

-The incidence of illegal drink driving levels amongst young driver casualties
is not significantly higher than adult drivers

-Male drivers outnumber female drivers in the male to female years age group

17
Using the graphs on the previous pages, answer the following questions.

*Rank the causes of accidental deaths for children aged 15-19 years in order
from highest to lowest.

1.passenger
2.pederstian
3.pedal cyclist
4.M/cyclist
5.Driver

*Why do you think the major causes of death for 15-19 years old is different
from the 4-15 years age group?
I think because maybe they have peer pressure more than them and they try to show-off more to their
mates

What is the % non usage of helmets for each of the following age groups?

-0-17 years:
45%
18-29 years:
26%
-30+ years:
11%

*Why do you think the 0-17 years age group dont wear helmets as much as the
18-29 years and 30+ age groups?
Because they think they are cool wearing no helmet but it is not actually not because they can get really
brake one of their bones or stiches in the head which they dont want the most out of everyone

*Rank the main risk factors for young drivers in order from lowest to highest.

4. Excessive speed
3. Fatigue
2. Illegal Alcohol
1. Non-use of available seat belt

*Are the risk factors listed above preventable? How?

Risks are preventable because if you dont chose to do it, you will get the right one.

*Which gender is involved in more crashes? Why do you think this is the case?
Boys because they like to show-off their cars and want to be the king of the streets.
 Road
Statistics

fatalities injuries

consecutive
Reduced

Doubled thirteen

RTA 1908

life
trauma
Billion

loved

commendable

objective
19
 CELEBRITY ROAD RULES

Instructions:
1. Identify the four main types of road users pedestrians, passen-
gers (car), passengers (bus), wheeled device (bicycles, scooters,
roller-blades, rollerskates)
2. Divide class into 8 groups. Allocate a road user to each
group (2 groups with the same category). On a sheet of A3
paper, list the key safety behaviours required by your
allocated road user.
3. Combine groups with the same road user. Check each
group list and create a united list.
4. Bluetac united lists onto board at the front of the room.
5. Call for three volunteers. These volunteers sit in seats at
the front of the room with their backs to the lists on the board.
6. Choose one group to select a key behaviour from the lists
and write onto a card or on the board above each of the players
heads.
7. Volunteers take turns in asking questions that can be answered only
yes or no in an attempt to work out their chosen safety behaviour. If
the answer to a question is yes, another question can be asked; if the
answer is no, the turn moves to the next player.
8. The winner is the player who can state their key safety behaviour
first. They can state their key safety behaviour at any time, but if
the answer is no then they forfeit their turn. Repeat as time allows.

21
 Extension Activity

- She could fall of the - She can walk he bike there

mountain and then die. - She can be careful on the
- She could injure herself way
on the way to the place. - She should wear a helmet
because if she falls down
she can hurt her head
21
 The 4 imps is a list of words that begin with Imp that explore the attitudes and
behaviours that contribute to high risk behaviours.

___________________ - ________________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

__________________ - _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

__________________ - _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

__________________ - _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

Discussion Questions:
1. Which of the 4 imps would lead you to taking greater risks? Why? ______________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2. Which gender is more likely to have these characteristics? Why? _______________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

22
Watch the video clips from the DVD Road Risks Stage 4 on the 4 IMPS. Fill in the
following questions in the table

Clip Number Describe what What was or could Describe ways the
happened and be a consequence? situation could be
which IMPs were made safer
involved

23
 Out n About Find-a-word
Design your own find-a-word using the words/terms from this unit. Make sure
you write the words you put in at the bottom.

WORDS:

24