The General Manager,

Zartech limited,

Plot 8 Oluyole Industrial Estate,

Ibadan.

10th May,2017.

The SIWES Coordinator,

Obafemi Awolowo University,

Ile-Ife,

Osun State.

Dear sir,

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

I AWOYELE Akinyemi Gabriel, in partial fulfilment of the B.Sc. Electronic

and Electrical Engineering, submit this Industrial Training Report on my

Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES), EEE 300, which was

undertaken at ZARTECH LIMITED Plot L Oluyole Industrial Estate Ibadan, at

the Electronic/Electrical department. The period of attachment lasted from

18thh of April to 12thh of May 2017.

Yours faithfully,
AWOYELE AKINYEMI GABRIEL.
EEG/2013/132

i
 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that AWOYELE Akinyemi Gabriel of Matric number

EEG/2013/132 compiled this report based on his four weeks Student Industrial

Working Experience Scheme carried out at Zartech limited.

ii
 DEDICATION

I dedicate this report to God, for being the free giver of life and for protecting

me throughout the duration of the SIWES period. I also dedicate this work to

my family for being very supportive in advice and finances.

I dedicate this report to my many friends and church family who have supported

me throughout the process. I will always appreciate all they have done.

God bless you all.

iii
 ACKNOWLEGDEMENT

I wish to thank the entire staff of ZARTECH limited Elect/Elect section, who

were more than generous with their expertise and time. A special feeling of

gratitude to my industrial based supervisor (Mr Tony), whose words of

encouragement and push for tenacity still ring in my ears.

I would like to acknowledge and thank my school division for allowing me to

participate in this scheme and providing any assistance requested. Special

thanks goes to the members of staff of department of electronic and electrical

engineering and the SIWES coordinator (DR O.O Ilori).

I also acknowledge my colleagues and co-worker who were very cooperative

and supportive during the entire period of the attachment.

Finally, my appreciation goes to the Industrial Training Fund for their foresight

establishing this befitting programme and providing the platform for me to

participate.

iv
 ABSRTACT

This report presents the experience garnered during my four weeks of

attachment at ZARTECH limited.

My training was on indoor & outdoor lighting, maintenance and testing of

transformers, fault detection in alternator of generating set, calibration of water

meter and humidity sensors in pens.

I acquired skills in repair, maintenance of industrial equipment like the

induction motor. I also gained experience in installation of electrical equipment

and step by step execution of electrical projects like wiring of pens and housing.

This report carefully discuss the technical skills gained during the period of

attachment, thereby justifying the relevance of the scheme.

v
TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page
Transmittal Letter.i
Certification ii
Dedicationiii
Acknowledgement...iv
Abstractv
List of Figures..vii

CHAPTER ONE
Introduction to SIWES Programme.1
1.0 Purpose of Training....1
1.1 Objectives of SIWES..2
1.2 Company Profile.3
1.3 Scope of work.4
1.4 Organisation Chart of Zartech Limited...5

CHAPTER TWO
Work done..6
2.0 Lighting Equipment6

2.0.1 The Fluorescent Tube.6

2.0.2 The HID Lamp8

2.1 Three phase Induction Motor....11

2.2 Power Transformer14

vi
 2.2.1 Testing the Condition of Transformer15

2.2.2 Testing of Transformer Oil.16

CHAPTER THREE

Technical Experience Gained18

3.0 Power Distribution...18

3.1 Power sub-station.18

3.2 House & pen wiring..23

CHAPTER FOUR

Contributions & Challenges24

4.0 Contributions24

CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusion and Recommendation..25

5.0 Conclusion....25

5.1 Recommendation..26

Appendix

Reference

vii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 ORGANOGRAM

Figure 2.0 I-V characteristics of fluorescent tube

Figure 2.1 Picture of a fluorescent choke

Figure 2.2 Circuit diagram of a fluorescent lamp

Figure 2.3 Picture of a mercury vapour bulb

Figure 2.4 Circuit diagram of HID lamp

Figure 2.5 Diagram of rotor & stator

Figure 2.6 Diagram of Induction machine

Figure 2.7 Connection of three phase power transformer

Figure 3.0 Picture of a gang isolator

Figure 3.1 Picture of a Skipper panel

Figure 3.2 Picture of a Current transformer

Figure 3.3 Picture of a Voltage transformer

Figure 3.4 Picture of a Lighting arrester

Figure 3.5 Picture of a 33kV panel

Figure 3.6 Picture of a 11kV panel

viii
Figure 3.7 Block diagram of ZARTECH power substation

ix
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION TO SIWES PROGRAMME

1.0 PURPOSE OF TRAINING

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme, (SIWES) was established by

Industrial Training Fund (ITF) in 1973 to enable students of tertiary institution

have technical knowledge of industrial work base on their course of study

before the completion of their program in their respective institutions.

SIWES is aimed at bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge gain in

tertiary institution and technical knowledge acquired in industry establishment.

The scheme was designed to expose students to industrial environment and

enable them develop occupational competencies so that they can readily

contribute their quota to national economic and technological development after

graduation.

Furthermore, the relevance of SIWES is underscored by the fact that the scheme

contributes to the quality skills of graduates in which employers source for

manpower.

The SIWES programme allows it very easy for its participant to make a very

easy and smooth transition from class-room based problems to industrial tasks.

My SIWES was undertaken at ZARTECH limited located at Plot 8, Block L,

Oluyole Industrial Estate.

1
 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The Industrial Training Funds Policy Document No. 1 of 1973 which

established SIWES outlined the objectives of the scheme. The objectives are to:

1. Provide an avenue for students in higher institutions of learning to

acquire industrial skills and experiences during their course of study.

2. Prepare students for industrial work situations that they are likely

to meet after graduation.

3. Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling

equipment and machinery that may not be available in their institutions.

4. Make the transition from school to the world of work easier and

enhance students contacts for later job placements.

5. Provide students with the opportunities to apply their educational

knowledge in real work situations, thereby bridging the gap between

theory and practice.

6. Enlist and strengthen employers involvement in the entire

educational process and prepare students for employment in Industry and

Commerce (Information and Guideline for SIWES, 2002).

2
1.2 COMPANY PROFILE

Zartech Limited is a part of The ZARD group of companies based in Ibadan,

Oyo State of Nigeria. ZARD Group has strong roots in different business areas

like Construction, Poultry, Furniture, Education, Candies etc.

ZARTECH is a leading poultry production company. It was established in 1983

and headquartered in the city of Ibadan with several productions, distribution,

sales and retail units spread across Nigeria. Its products include Poultry, Food

processing and Fishery farming.

Its a heavily mechanized farm which uses modern technology for its processes.

Its one of the largest poultry farm in west Africa, having 6 wholesale offices

throughout the country. ZARTECH has a large number of both expatriates and

local staffs.

Its goal is to produce high quality, nutritious and hygienic products for its

consumer at very affordable prices. Its mission is improving the quality of its

products by continuous research and development so as to keep meeting the

demands of customers.

3
1.3 SCOPE OF WORK

I was attached to the ELECT/ELECT Department in Zartech, where I was able

to partake in repairing and maintenance of electrical lighting systems, repairing

and checking of induction motor, house and pen wiring etc. The Elect

department specializes but not limited to:

i. Repairing and maintenance of companys electrical system and

properties.

ii. Calibration & checking of all electric sensors used in the pen

house.

iii. Wiring of pens and housing.

iv. Installation of electrical systems purchased by the company.

v. Designing work to be done by the department when the company

embarks on a project.

vi. Fault detection and repair in electrical parts of generators.

4
 1.4 ORGANIZATION CHART OF ZARTECH LIMITED

DIRECTOR

MANAGING DIRECTOR

GENERAL MANAGER

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT ACCOUNT MANAGER IT MANAGER HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGER

DEPARTMEENT

DEPARTMENT MANAGER COMPUTER

ENGINNERS

DEPARTMENT
SUPERVISOR
SECRETARY PERSONNEL OFFICER
CASIER
SECRETARY

STAFF SECETARY
AUDITOR

Figure 1

5
 CHAPTER TWO

WORK DONE

At Zartech I was posted to the ELECT department in the workshop which also

houses other department like civil, mechanical, materials, automobile etc. The

work of the engineer is to oversee any electrical related issue in the farm, and

also report any fault or failure of electrical device and systems.

2.0 LIGHTING EQUIPMENT

I worked on lighting equipment for indoor purposes such as the fluorescent tube

and also for outdoor and security purposes like the Olympia-2. I was able to

learn the principle of operation of the fluorescent tube & Olympia-2, we carried

out repairs, installation and replacement on different lighting equipment.

2.0.1 The Fluorescent Tube

The fluorescent lamp is a device that works on low pressure mercury discharge

phenomenon, the ultraviolet light emitted is converted by the phosphorus

coating in the tube. The fluorescent contains 3 major parts which are:

i. Choke(Ballast): This is a very important part of the fluorescent

tube; without which it cant work. The choke is basically an

inductor, which regulates the current drawn by the tube. The tube is

a non-linear device with a negative differential resistance (which

is an uncommon property). The choke ensures that the tube does

6
 not draw than the required current, thereby protecting the tube from

damage.

I-V characteristics of a florescent tube Picture of a florescent choke

Figure 2.0 Figure 2.1

ii. Starter: The starter is simply a timed switch which allows current

to flow at each ends of the tube. The current in the starter causes

the starters contact to open, thus interrupting the flow of electric

current. When the switch is pressed current cannot pass through the

tube initially because the gas inside it is not ionized and hence the

tube light circuit behaves as open circuit. Once the gas is ionized, it

will provide a conduction path for the current to flow. In order to

ionize the gas, an initial high current is required for a short period

across the filaments of the main tube. That is what a starter does. A

starter initially provides a path to complete the circuit and once

7
 tube light starts the current flows through the ionized gas in the

main tube.

iii. Fluorescent tube: The fluorescent tube contains low mercury

vapour which is ionize when voltage is applied. This causes

electrons to emit photons to produce ultraviolet rays, which is not

visible to the eyes. The UV light is passed through the glass tube

coated with sulphur to give visible light. The tube has a negative

resistance as explained above thus needs a ballast to work without

damage.
Circuit Diagram of fluorescent lamp

Figure 2.2

2.0.2 The High Intensity Lamp (OLYMPIA-2)

The high intensity lamp is used in places where a very bright light is required.

Its principle of operation is similar to that of the fluorescent tube. I learnt how to

replace and check for faults in the HID Lamp during my period of attachment. I

worked with OLYMPIA-2 uses sodium vapour. The HID consist of four major

parts namely:

8
i. Choke (ballast): The choke in the HID lamp serves the same function

as in the fluorescent tube which is to prevent the lamp from drawing

excessive current.

ii. Ignitor: The ignitor provides a brief high voltage to breakdown the gas

between the electrodes of an arc lamp. Pulses can range from several

hundred volts to 5KV. Typical durations are in the sec range. They

are usually timed to coincide with the peak of OCV. If they are timed

too early or too late, lamps may not start reliably.

iii. Capacitor: With lag and HX ballasts, capacitors are needed to improve

(input) power factor. As a result, the number of lamps that can be

operated on a circuit nearly doubles. In large installations, power

factor correction is also required to avoid power quality problems and

utility penalties. Capacitors are integral components of CWA and

regulated lag circuits; they will not operate without capacitors. Both

oil-filled (wet) and dry-film capacitor technologies are commonly

used with ballasts. A means to discharge capacitors after power is

turned off is a safety requirement.

iv. Bulb: This contains sodium used in an excited state to produce light at

a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm. An amalgam of metallic

sodium and mercury lies at the coolest part of the lamp and provides

the sodium and mercury vapour that is needed to draw an arc. The

temperature of the amalgam is determined to a great extent by lamp

9
power. The higher the lamp power, the higher will be the amalgam

temperature. The higher the temperature of the amalgam, the higher

will be the mercury and sodium vapour pressures in the lamp and the

higher will be the terminal voltage. As the temperature rises, the

constant current and increasing voltage consumes increasing energy

until the operating level of power is reached.

Picture of a mercury vapour bulb

Figure 2.3

Circuit Diagram of HID lamp

Figure 2.4

10
2.1 THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

The induction motor is a very common motor in any industrial establishment. I

was opportune to witness the repair of six induction motor. The induction motor

is a very vital device used for lots of mechanical operation.

The induction motor is such an electromechanical device which converts

electrical energy into a mechanical energy. In case of three phase AC operation,

most widely used motor is Three phase induction motor as this type of motor

does not require any starting device or we can say they are self-starting

induction motor.

It consists of two major parts which are the stator and rotor.

Stator: It is made up of numbers of slots to construct a 3 phase winding circuit

which is connected to 3 phase AC source. The three phase winding are arranged

in such a manner in the slots that they produce a rotating magnetic field after

3Ph. AC supply is given to them.

Diagram of stator and rotor

Figure 2.5

11
Rotor: The rotor of three phase induction motor consists of cylindrical

laminated core with parallel slots that can carry conductors. Conductors are

heavy copper or aluminium bars which fits in each slots & they are short

circuited by the end rings. The slots are not exactly made parallel to the axis of

the shaft but are slotted a little skewed because this arrangement reduces

magnetic humming noise & can avoid stalling of motor.

Principle of operation

The stator of the motor consists of overlapping winding offset by an electrical

angle of 120. When the primary winding or the stator is connected to a 3 phase

AC source, it establishes a rotating magnetic field which rotates at the

synchronous speed.

Theory Behind the Rotation

According to Faradays law an emf induced in any circuit is due to the rate of

change of magnetic flux linkage through the circuit. As the rotor winding in an

induction motor are either closed through an external resistance or directly

shorted by end ring, and cut the stator rotating magnetic field, an emf is induced

in the rotor copper bar and due to this emf a current flows through the rotor

conductor.

12
Here the relative speed between the rotating flux and static rotor conductor is

the cause of current generation; hence as per Lenz's law the rotor will rotate in

the same direction to reduce the cause i.e. the relative velocity.

Thus from the working principle of three phase induction motor it may observed

that the rotor speed should not reach the synchronous speed produced by the

stator. If the speeds equals, there would be no such relative speed, so no emf

induced in the rotor, and no current would be flowing, and therefore no torque

would be generated. Consequently the rotor cannot reach the synchronous

speed. The difference between the stator (synchronous speed) and rotor speeds

is called the slip. The rotation of the magnetic field in an induction motor has

the advantage that no electrical connections need to be made to the rotor. Thus

the three phase induction motor is:

Self-starting.

Less armature reaction and brush sparking because of the absence of

commutators and brushes that may cause sparks.

Robust in construction.

Economical.

Easier to maintain.

13
 Diagram of Induction motor

Fan
Terminal block cover
Terminal box cover

Terminal box
Stator core Fan

Bearings
N-end-shield
D-end-shield
Stator housing
Stator winding

Rotor core and cage

Shaft
Figure 2.6

2.2 POWER TRANSFORMER

A transformer is a device used for transferring power from one circuit to

another without changing the frequency. During the weeks of attachment I

followed a team of engineers to test and determine the condition of 7

transformers of different sizes. There are two types of transformer ; step-up &

step-down transformer. Step-down transformer are used mainly in Zartech since

it takes power at 33kV and consumes at 415/220V.

The transformer is cooled by oil and silica gel prevents moisture from

damaging the transformer.

14
The high voltage side is connected in delta and the low voltage side is

connected in star.

2.2.1 Testing the condition of Transformer

The equipment used was a fluke insulation meter and a digital multimeter. Since

the primary & secondary windings are connected and the primary-

Before the test is carried out the earth terminal of the transformer should be

disconnected to ensure proper reading. The resistance between the primary is

measured with a digital multimeter, the resistance between the windings should

be close to zero if the transformer is in good condition. After the primary-

secondary insulation is measured with an insulation meter, the insulation should

be in M-G for a good transformer.

Connection of three phase transformer

High
Low
Voltage
Voltage

Figure 2.7

15
 2.2.2Testing the Transformer Oil

Insulating oil in an electrical power transformer is commonly known as

transformer oil. It is normally obtained by fractional distillation and subsequent

treatment of crude petroleum. That is why this oil is also known as mineral

insulating oil. Transformer oil serves mainly two purposes one it is liquid

insulation in electrical power transformer and two it dissipates heat of the

transformer i.e. acts as coolant. In addition to these, this oil serves other two

purposes, it helps to preserve the core and winding as these are fully immersed

inside oil and another important purpose of this oil is, it prevents direct contact

of atmospheric oxygen with cellulose made paper insulation of windings, which

is susceptible to oxidation.

Properties of Transformer Insulating Oil

Some specific parameters of insulating oil should be considered to determine

the serviceability of that oil.

The parameters of transformer oil are categorized as,

1. Electrical parameters: Dielectric strength, specific resistance, dielectric

dissipation factor.

2. Chemical parameter :- Water content, acidity, sludge content.

3. Physical parameters :- Inter facial tension, viscosity, flash point, pour

point.

16
The viscosity of the oil was checked to make sure the oil is in good condition. A

good oil should have low viscosity so that it offers less resistance to the

convectional flow of oil thereby not affecting the cooling of transformer. Low

viscosity of transformer oil is essential, but it is equally important that, the

viscosity of oil should increase as less as possible with decrease in temperature.

Every liquid becomes more viscous if temperature decreases.

17
 CHAPTER THREE

TECHNICAL EXPERIENCE GAINED

3.0 POWER DISTRIBUTION

During the stipulated period of the programme, I learnt how a power substation

works using ZARTECH model.

Zartech takes power at 3 phase 33kV at the substation and steps it down to

11kV which is fed into 3 feeder ; ADMIN feeder, FEEDMILL feeder and VINA

feeder. The power substation monitors all the consumption and the voltage on

each line.

The feeder is fed into five units which has a transformer for stepping down

voltage from 11kV to 415V, and also 2 stand-by generators for 24/7 electricity

flow. The feeder from the pole is fed into the feeder pillar and then into the ATS

which switches automatically between PHCN and generator.

3.1 POWER SUB-STATION

The substation takes the 33kv and passes through some electrical device for

monitoring, control and protection. The substation distributes the power to each

unit and also steps down high voltage from transmission lines.

18
Gang isolator: This is used to manually cut-off the 33kV from the line.
A Picture of Gang Isolator

Figure 3.0

Skipper panel: The skipper panel comprise of the meter for taking readings

of power consumed within a time frame.

A Picture of a Skipper Panel

Figure 3.1

19
Current & Voltage Transformer: This collects the voltage and current

readings from each line. The output is fed into the 33kV panel for indication.

A Picture of a Current Transformer A Picture of a Voltage Transformer

Figure 3.3

Figure 3.2

Circuit Breaker: This is also used to automatically cut-off power supply from

the 33kV line. It is connected to the 33kV panel, which controls its operation

from the control room.

Lightning Arrester: This protects the 33kV/11kV transformer in case of

thunder storm and lightning.

20
 A Picture of a Lightning Arrester

Figure 3.4

The 33kV panel

The 33kV panel is powered by a DC battery and it displays information

about the voltage & current from each line( with the help of current &

voltage transformer). It also have protective devices and alarm system which

reports case of too high voltage or report any fault in any of the line. It

consists a complex system of relays, contactors, fuses etc.

The main use of the 33kV is to measure the voltage & current in each line

and also for fault detection.

A picture of a 33kV panel

21
Figure 3.5
The 11kV Incomer/Panel

The 11kV is connected from the 11kV side of the transformer. It monitors

the voltage and power factor. It also has alarms for fault detection and also

for protection.
A picture of a 11kV panel

Figure 3.6

22
 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ZARTECH POWER SUBSTATION

Figure 3.7

3.3 HOUSING & PEN WIRING

I was able to learn basic house wiring( conduit ) & pen wiring. The pen wiring

is very straight forward, as it just require careful planning on how to lay the

wires and how to minimize wastage.

The conduit system requires a route for the passage of wire (usually a plastic

pipe). In the house wiring, all the necessary circuit outlets are connected

together. Then the line wire is taken into a cut-off and the neutral side is passed

onto the neutral block. This provides a means to cut-off supply at any point in

time.

23
 CHAPTER FOUR
CONTRIBUTIONS & CHALLENGES
4.0 CONTRIBUTIONS

My contribution were shown in my work done given as an electrical technician

in the company. I majorly helped in pen and house wiring and also repairing

and installation of lighting equipment. I also helped in testing the conditions of

some transformer.

Result of a transformer tested

NAME : ELVIM

Type: T0LL0/05082

S/N: 06L408

Power: 100kVA

11kV/415kV Step down Transformer

Primary resistance Secondary Resistance

A-B 29.5 a-b 0.6

B-C 29.5 b-c 0.6

C-A 29.5 c-a 0.6

n-a 0.6

n-b 0.6
n-c 0.6

Primary-Secondary Insulation 0M

Remark: Damaged.

24
 CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, SIWES has really being a work experience and an eye opener to

undergraduates. I now understand how the corporate world is and some of the

things to expect when I am through with school. I have being able to see the real

life application of courses thought in the lecture room. The SIWES programme

aids students to think better and it broadens their knowledge on some key

things.

The Nigerian University Commission (NUC) in conjunction with the Federal

Government has done a great job in introducing the SIWES program in

universities and keeping it going. There is nothing that has an advantage

without a disadvantage except GOD of course. The disadvantages are there as

challenges so that they can be solved or improved upon.

25
5.1 RECOMMENDATION

I will like to make the following recommendations to help make the SIWES

programme more effective:

The university should partner with some companies in order to send them

in a specified pattern, some students from relevant departments to undertake

their SIWES at those companies. This will help lessen the problem of students

not getting a company that will provide experience that is relevant to their field

of study.

The monthly stipend promised by the Industrial Training Fund should be

promptly paid to ease the financial pressure on students during the SIWES

programme.

Notwithstanding, SIWES in general has being really helpful. I am sure it will be

of greater help to me and my colleagues when we are working on our final

project and when we go out there. It has also created a pathway for us to fly as

eagles.

26
APPEDIX

References
www.electrical4u.com

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-vapor_lamp

https://www.quora.com/How-does-a-fluorescent-light-work

https://www.electrical4u.com/electrical-power-transformer-definition-and-
types-of-transformer/

http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/nlpip/lightingAnswers/mwmhl/work.asp

27