Fluids and Solids Handling
Designing
Dust Collectors
To assure reliable and safe operation of a
dust collector, apply the basic principles of
chute and hopper design — which are based
on the dust’s fundamental flow propet
JENKE 8 /OHRNSON, NC
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Novae cs colton this sin,
mata ln a cone pra that conve
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‘Scone pene oa stm¢gure.
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ibsecarsautond
Fost
os round or quae oulet. Collectors ofthis type gener
ally operate as chtas — Le they are nt designed ill yp
‘ih powder To prevent powder accumulation, @eary |
double ap valve Blow tect mast operste a ae that
‘state thn the maim istantaneous rate of particle
removal one fies In ation, he wal ofthe chute
‘mt Be steep enough ad have suficinl lo ton to
nse that the ds parle il ow afer impact Other
‘se, dost wil bin o accumulate onthe dst eoletor
‘walls and de tothe pace smal sie, the aptred dust
‘wiikey sick gether an, over tne, frm a thick layer of
caked materi
‘Accumulating dst collector tn hs design the dst col-
Icoor may operate shopper — ie, powder alowed
accumulate inside the elector The hopper may be conic
‘Pyramidal, wedge-shaped, sd sole must be ge
‘hough to prevent the formation of eabesive ach table
rato Figure 3)
‘Only fe-Rowing (i, nonsohesive) materia shouldbe
handed in pyramidal shaped hoppers equipped wth a ot
Ictrotary valve. A wedge-shaped hopper may deca he
pomcder through a screw feeder with a rtry valve salle
Erneath ttle to provide seal, The apy of he valve
must be larger han hat ofthe sere eee
eal any fooer vcd witha wedge-shaped hopper
Soul be design to daw uniformly along the ene length
fasted outlet. Seow Foss ntl Heeath dis
cxllection hoppers ar ofe sre conveyors, which unton
best when the mn fs fly int them. Although they
‘may operat satisfactory at ow loadings (0% oe), hey
will become inetestve ifthe dist colletr becomes led
Fagen 4 sey
Stromal pees ane
‘pe ate ope at
‘eon boinc age,
‘rate poteas al"
fet age
with material ese they are not desianed to witha
terial uniformly ry te hopper ot,
Solid flow problems can case atic degradation
Aue to coking, spoilage, or exidationn sagan regions.
Depending onthe dust colleto' siz, high foals canbe
induced on the structs it ratols cells o ext ow
‘anne fom, Flow robles can als rete hazards to
lant prsoael who ener he confined space to pig the
Caller or vnove dist lp fom ae wall
Fortunately these solid ow problems canbe woided
boy sing the design procedures disused in thistle
‘Chute design principles
the dst cllestor i intended 10 operate as a chute in
‘sbich materi snot aloed to accumulate), the analyses
‘sed to design materiatransfer chutes cn be applied. Here,
the goal sto ensre thatthe walls of the Ost coletr are
sleep enough and have low enough ition opi the
‘ust to slide and be cleaned of,
‘Ae shown in igre 4, the (ei velocity of steam
of dst particles ater they hve impacted the wall,
{cos sian) o
where Fis the patie ine velocity before impact with
the dest collector wall isthe steam impact angle, and”
fs the angle of wall ction between the duet parles and
the wal surface. Npecting was dag eft, the velocity
ore impacts:
v= /2eh Q)
where gisthe acceleration due to gravity and his the drop
high (hich for design purposes isthe maximum stance
‘etween the top af the filter nd the Botom ofthe dust,
calle
The angle of val ton (is band by Following
‘he and test mba deseo in ASTM D-S128 (1)
‘sing the instrument istrated in Figure 5. sample of pow
‘ers place isa etaning rng ona at coupon of Wal
steel
A come
ase ng
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4 Furs. arctic pig eal oa pwc
‘Spee mrsung stow Ss tenth once isto se
Sp heal capaFluids and Solids Handling
satel Various nonrtfadsarethen applied tthe pow