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Exemple de Calcul Structuri Metalice
Exemple de Calcul Structuri Metalice
tébem 2 Zvelfetea moxime efectivs este mor mite decit 2veltefea moximd odmisibild.-o0- Apligatia’32 $d severifice bora 4-6 a fermei din fig. 35a cunoscind: efortul axial Je cal ~ eu, MEQ KN; area! folosit este As2 cu rezistenta de exicist, Be wSN fet 5 j sectiunea bare este dotd in Fig SOS) CON Ee bore in noduri se reclizecza Gu Serubs a de trelt® rezistentdé pretensionote M22 in au ciometrul de 23 mm(Fig.3A5,6,d) ara, 79.35 verrficerea se face c@ 49 gen@me 3.3 Elemente cuntgeule — efertal anit ~ maree otetsge FoaakA —sechienea bare: =SEbirile seefiunii F Coteuteaed aria sect byte G barei,A DBlvlteyleozd aria s/dbrr= for sectiunit, Ag a a= 900GN ~oferel Pelosi? este O52, rezistenfa de colewl, ReHSN/ram - bore ore sacfiunea dia Figure 35.6 -sectiuneo bore/ are s6- biri datorité gduriler se reburilor (fig. 35, og 2) A=40+42+40+20=32,0cm" Yin sectiunea 1-4 (f19.35,.¢) oria s/dbrre- 2 este: Ag 522,394 249 cm? sat 4) Cokeuleazé aria neté a sectiunii bores: = An2A- Ay 5) Verificd tensiunea @) cu sectiunea bruté 3 fatreoga valoare @ efortului axial: cu sectiunea normals slabité si 0 voloare redusé, N', a efortului oxiol: N'=N(1-0.4-24) Le o=f ak 4 An=32-6,.9=25,4 cm* 0 $BIGE 2 thd 0 =286,4N/m*b) We 2S Bh 4.5) 2) Seilioni Tnchise (chesonatte); se verifies en elation, bi Beedt :~66— ar a met (4.6) a enetaeh INE Go secfiss a de Uinile mediane ale geeiley (fig. 4.2 —trin GFesimen rrimime oa pe mS eee oer 0 chrentahas Esey Fig. 4.2. in aud twilor > os eli oublivi welatia (4.6) devine « SedTunea converfionald a clementhsi ts Bye = AP eS Fey (47) he es Rarity fer cp Si ages, my 2e MAI adimile ipcleza tensisniloy ton. hye hghy heb hye att state, se x : 4 : barat heb heh het wtst, ait Gaet pe geames fecctilor re efeetvinds-se ca ect ie ae ee peste mses “ tart, titi Rye" etl Wey Feday (Ser - dha) (48) ete 4.3.2. ELEMENTE SWPUSE LAINCOWDIERE. Si RASUCIRE. LIBERA (M20, M0) = dag a dint teprerinta diamdrele ecteioore sKeapettiv inlelioce tev. ale ae sehise (LU 51, profile co yee sulbtii deschise ,ate) @3\ &= atlet ca rete Medicare, de censors = a, enon tls deo co oe 2 itul, ei t Yo ineovai Aninds-: ee Shwe Gooerevliteiorte 9 \Sascite) (4 40) catia eee cues sarees pone aS die en eR TET IN Fo perc fn cae se fon ves a de ot adh Te ten) St enon vie tia hy we aie fosimeo. \SHimen cveston: need con- eases si tens pee vertionale, in eave Ne nese ‘sere (Ve ean aces ZR (an) ‘=o, on come cone ine seama sci be needa diotle cifectele ach (etephunspi evetondle) ale re: dio ane m= ta he Valotile tsi x 0 pct laa tad, am ably arin, pematlee dele b ret ASA. = Fonts pene Os Ean % Be unde gM _ = aS peli mot 3 sesspadiiv i fn pores i LEAR coy i gee Me mdi once Tutu =Ey+By eve vclod matt ce veihed 3 sudate ca nexvuri de ‘Yigidizave aes tensiurea eehivalenta - = pnts at oat Gah, Ne Er FE SAAR (a2) oad Great eects lat 3, seth Mile (4.12) volonle T,By Be se goles Jin oxo i ; i Treateove,,in aemecsl schure & th cotag: poet al ola Mennate admite, titer x4 ath fe eee ee et (laminate). Pera ealautd delovmatiloy o¢ rae ‘in caleul volowle x de mar sus.ee orecsté velctie x= GEC , vepverints roped Tete Tigidizore solictured 32 consider de a 5 a8 ratueice libera ) Et a - hee “foema, sian (oa) ¥, “ Se esnoe, Ps 200KN = 250 mm max © SP = 3-200 = 600 Kim Tra = P= 200 KN MT™ = Pe = 200-0,25 = 50KN-m 0) finde. se ealteati cu sechorea dubleT sudats » Dimensionoten se vo foc enform metoddoge: prewéeute ba eapi- fol 6, packtind o verervd de MWg = Sh 2 $00 00 ee Se lege hy = 850mm ti Bmm (ver copitelul 6) Lars Wee (Bt) = 6000-485 = 290000em* I, = 28.95". 57000 ent IY*= 10 1, = 230,000-67.000 = 233.000em* Tg 2-Aag (AE) = 2A. 48,57 235,000emt* 2233000 2 teas b. 250mm Aa pase ors Aen bts welts 20mm ifiemtea_de_vesishniS a _qtinti, se ofechventd AN a vetfeaqpees rear tines en che. le wasse = catadersteile qeometcice u Ags Az +2: Ant’ = 76 +100 = "76 ert 1 Oa a = 28:25", 2.25.2.48,6 = 292 cooem* ot EL BP. savant paler TL. electisl tneovoesi (M ae ar ‘sce poles Fig.4.8. Me hen =F Th SEP = 1045 mat & R24 Ninn (t >témm) > sestionea A , punetil 2. cae Te Sond 47,5 = 975 None? Sea = 270 # ReeMto [paver GeS] a, otest | — eet solicitanloc de 4ésyeite ax tekui mad Sh ia prs la dimensiunea din $3, aia ae lao ee section Farce Ag = 475 ene Fig 4.9. Saye Se cheer “modal Soar defeworatil de hue af le tsscive re (encivnt ce ys. cee ae ehaehs i> alegexen une sechuni mar leerte Ta acest E> tp de schatove ,osechune inthisd (chbsonate) by gfinda 20 (wrtds =t {to.wds , ee eca ens en totes lai To a poate btine din diagvama 410" prin integyere (Vevesetanhin) £8 eo insdss (vers {ay 4.44.) Adieg » 213-1 = & to afb AVS ORY BEE oy Tag = 2100-182 = 55,5. 108 ent Voloile coordonate: sau supraiele sedoriale , fats de cents) de vi- sere w=) yds (unde 5" x ze es wn ‘cient eReuantS confurul’ sactiumi,, *” yoRa vectoa 2 ee ‘ol sectunt de canta! de ~cancive ,,ds" elemental Ge owe) se pet tonserie “9: aul forma de sumd (Vereseen- grin), adied ae tau sectwnii dubs T! : Wee sz When, = 6:4 5 40-702 _ 4020 en (convent de same urd , + je over) Tensiunile Tig or ven Vaviatia. lui 0. Momertsl stake sectoral se ckhne es 4elatia: So ={w-dA =(totds, adkd Inouttind hunea de acie izdets din RO 4,0" os ayosimen peretelui. Pentima o sasfiune dubluT,, 53 vo. Svea valoowea Wnorimd ta miiloed talpi (b/2) 3, deoamee’ tyssted , 2 sy=% Sh ete —. 4d-n0t- 2 = 20.400 crv, Tersivile G5 voroves vovistia Wu 8%. RB inime So §o-dA=0 deer 3 By =0 item Pe see = - Edis Vaaaatagiigt = nOO% 48ers" = 0.1604 ona ee Oe atta? Me. ab, ve delinese sectumle in- a Ay 2-0 5 B) tHe ch e+ . Dye & Rents, simplificare , colewlele se pot cxcdona in tabele (inb 42) Go aivtorsl tab. 4.7, grin intextolare nord , pinks: (Gavon” Meatanschtate) valcke toncisy | tipereolien din tab 42 “Rete galeul valoviloy din tobelul 4.2 s-o8 olosit co umich de mdsu wo KN” ym’, ele fund repreranfate in chas¥ama din 4 473. Coteulal tersiunilor Din avalina datelor din tobelul 4.2. realli oS venfiedi tedbuie afeetucte ime = setiunea A Se sexpetiv D (2 = Ye) i una B (2%). _ In sectiwnen C(2=2/4) clecorere valotile Mio a Ms aint Optima: tv emple co cele din sachsen B, bimomental BsO tac momen tal Theovoietor M=0 , veriieanen ‘ng prone ites a) Sectiuneo A (2=0) oo Mz *-4080KNm scheten ge sectone: | Te = a6OKN ques Mw * 36 KN 70 = = 900.5 KN: Hhrviile datecste salictedigs, > PTR Am Oe Ae AO 6 2a Vina RO B00 Yin?a 360-4 oy tee pee SORE = 6 N/mm™ © RE aise 2190 mn am Aa Mat _ 28-103. BR BS «28 age Uinnt = a Higt . 28-104 font (fecta tielonte este geelucts ‘in inteegime de ini’) [a Son Mae . 2b 240. 662 Ning® (solicits names talple) tlo 255.5 -10% Bo . cf 3,- Mat 0 cae = 895 Yinri ( ocenecas mami talple) * . -20®. 4020 a . Oy 2 BE = SOA AAT Veum® (solicits rumot telpile) : =a aoe pe te earn! soe an fg, 4.16. , syyta ponds! Z. (fig.4.45)) os oe onl mm Sea 182 A eat To = B85 NY mat Tran “Gia “Tea = 5) + 885 = “AB Neon < RIS Brine * Bre+ Bot Bo 462 Nimnt < By eg = ABS N/a Bei, GS cr SEE, S14 Rm quenintte antees (vet! car. 6) Vencitin acestor tenourn atte dai In Squco 4.15, Fig. 4.45. Suptapsneven de ofecte (veri 4425.) = gorda = iB eID N/m = ponehullll. (§.5.4.45) Sree SEN N/m Ta =O 261 Ninn cep ance T= Gre = Bor Gig 2 ABY Nem on se etaiait yy ie. Oe Ty, Ug = MZ ABAT = 289 Yin geabbeten, 25 Ge mal wick dest canuihS soloase mac fodievinaas gelstherZhel pelted er 5 Yard Per) ToaLle-ye)s1(Qsye)s] HEA eX)” effigy ols ans) Aas tes he’s Aarts 3 Ai Aue (exregt ArAntA are ZAn c= (@ar@a)(2Ai+Ah)? ZAabe 4 ie s WA she Ts Iy= Taal, +2Aa-( BY; Aarbrtss Aohokis AnAath, ex tehs yeh, és frtlaas oe be eae ao wef figerAy Tan wae WG “A EE |e es oul Xr Ger0 “(beak ma > = = Simglitete maxima (a clatuicalowmdic minim de teodimention a 33 "fe cconomice(Gonsum de metal c pret de tot) 2S ~ Se ahs o tekuetegigmde excGHe vena 13 ~m & & wor tmnepoctate < montalc, — SA alld. reristenla mame la coromune (nvpeoiate extecnare av pe ieten Deere Neen ECeTS Sd necasite o Unteelinece complicate : 2, 3 = ot O bars comprimata centric ede aleakshe octim din s 2 “Peet de vedece al cnsumibii de metal atoncicind matemelul, me My Ke dispus tt sented, de qreutole bara exte, oe e a hele Si axe pactole, Se eee wy ei, owe. Sup eas Be Wawa ocne ea a 3, SA ALCATUIREA BARELOR comPRiMATE. 2% La alahsiren secKoms une (nee male ve wor aves a conideeitile qenemle dela pt S.1., tcaknd mei ouite a a)techiunt Aicbrwum. sinqur clement (ye 5.00), =e Cee ee ernie + Sous won mai multe dlemente putin dandctate, acide F pin cdepte % Gate intre ole (Sq. 5.t.c.) ‘ Shee AlAsua. sou ma mise Telemants depictuit. rolidaciyate cs = Paace son abele Cy sid) ° ceOffres prot Fb OES oT et at “TU Cer Water Faq 54. Basele seali; Aun probe palin, Se S.\.c) ras da anteater se placate sao aclacle Seen din Yom 6.2. Male SL, Re Vongimen unk clement” comgrimat wor Sg wien dowd pléeuteeso -9 SD. VERIFICAREA BARELOR cu secTiUWE TUNA SAU co SEcTiV cate cechuni com on § sectonile LT co talk win ai medi, COMPUSA Bk ELEMENTE Putin DEPARTATE Bei es) qecXide TT dines, oud comiane pike Mepactate ania De Ge Te) SS eleleice we Ron LS Ccineg nS ke Simertele ve wei ft pond Fic Ain Qombeh ‘single psin Tnneuese, Re eee: A> he NesiGeosen batder compete centetc avind cack, & SS eee: estrheals Seclese 2 wR Wooten CECE Rens din, dawerbe pilin, depicts: (WAS. ) Aeneecale co etectuenas co mlatia. ty Ee x (65) ane \ : Gi ae i Zs R 2) 4s == [- hee] » 6s) ceo : Eze] : ee ae aks te Soler ol base’ % Fe a (BP Le somal tite (sa) Leereess tase rec : 1 sae T : acs ul din takelele Staisneis sc, ah % : Maeria lord lea Jd > awe second & leased, Ss — a Gedy, Ge) BGs, a Te cdlobile (63) (S4) HIS) conden ww WR Rama de tod Autilor de pe Loniman son de lo hace. . Cherra, Peete ale Lonnfmidber che Som ~ Stet date Me 4Antelele Se. 6 5.5, wleamle conpimatc core ay doud, Soe aes In aaencral wicgi piers atabiliteten prin Tmnware — necelauigte proction verificarea ov ford (hee bgt) ue care = bare waakiacke dinte-o WEL ceoates 3 Panter predimensomwe se pot ident colowle. a dows wiwere eye eae, pouting, eee. Moe een ale cocftentiior a prekt Sah nau atts WE SRG Nahe Feared stnbUtetea "pein incowolete x= ee raw ty) ne S 55 Wen ot ne. 5.3.) Memeasnes ai weiiore, Rohe peace = nestle prin Aneoveiene —cSaacion tra Ey =O) >.aoe a devecminnren coagicentalas da Sones minim (fois) BM sn wedace Gcmalkoascla particle stats, ; TS 2g see coe, ol mentee Ger ea wakes. es Sa % 62.b3C) clamenk Se Comporta, to 8 ket ts Sack os sucka + — ata SBD. VERIFICARER LA VOALARE A PERETILOR BARELOR COTIPRIMATE wnai lease somprimate, 3k nu Dig = ete Be 2) = Sebe de cm, sory ta Reig, mate (de rls aches ton ake bi , ig. SSeS ge gone gee Ne yteanegormatat (XA) ale aire! SEs Sak date Te as. ‘st Ww ~wekidental er ta coke de Nene ome QR, “et Se i S) se pose pone isk J Aeema mat simpli De Re (en) aga is A ey au eae es “ee ie ay 8 na a4 at: al aay et Fig Sh Daim x A2L para getencbe @)-duldu Tyo) -seeNane, tte oie Soe ae SM VERRAREA laiirati (2VELTE TEL) BARELOR Ww Saree da importante lace: in chementil, de construct i . | tebteten, efeetek weal a bagel nu tedie at depiven i Sle Unite dake tatekald S16, ae ' pet er Re, (ew) 2wekintnn aber moet sein on Sind, eee CoS aan O i a men more aeallale : 3 SOT Sas v= m) Aas Gygrragt es e.15) Aet [ae ae tds 20 aes soot Siaenna (G .) Tn wlan (5.6) ACK AA aint acute beute ole seckuna, Yi ave So aw adhreldlor asergic deo parte Side mm bowed My QUE — Aimensionle Panos Mose 5 59) rv alte comin se Va cousuPta STAS fof06- cede cup Page Gwe) este Whee et ack Be San, CASE cheese Gea GeeB, fake See so SH. VERFICAREA BARELOR Dik KLEMENTE DEPARTATE SoupasizaTe cu Wheupe emu Zanes, VNeriYeneen bacwler compconatia avid sectonaa din de Ae dapdctohe widodscte wi Sastre ee a ae i SpchaeeyR avemingtor co wea a kacder awindy atellonen Us } Pink pomentind aL unsle peatedothe da cabal. Sho, VERITICARER HERDER ATNBILITATIL GENE RME | se ehect ease, ee Ww weleha: ae Sse ts) Ty-ver fig 5.2.0 wm eave: . $8 } Kran ecte voeKelenhl minin de Sy ob leaped, Suck ia, ia i Xie de i Oe Seowe sacRons tronaverscle (Gi. 6.2.) ab masea ciel @ | din tolelde 52.0) Sa.b) i 'Ss.< — ana say A = ama AceKnnia tranaverwle baie a camunlorSay CUE -ELEMENTELO® DE SOLIDARIBARE cece Gu COLL TE Tnplediio alinecasan Gated a chemant REST Ae Cieck Valsaten petal Scintoare Conventionals) core ss SSOREANIERAME PENTRU PROEETAREA kihiata slemantale ae solideciase asta clokt Wn toleelil 5.05 BARELOR comPRivwre BSL). PRERMENSIONAREA BARELOR COMPRLRATE CEMTRIC " rovaten nsclor comprimeie cone. se qode Pe Len experiential de pesiadawe cmsmisloter ta tg) HERA choke” pane Une a aah — Splotind mckode. cootclentler da’ Petes sss: Sete FW [Fee ot Seale 2.284. = determinant wehccedl £o Mee Set Fig 3 Pliaitele so veritics: Lo: moment inseesietor Tip care apace: Pee ee Se coche oe : KSA Sin renin Veramslelor te ~faate, woot a Sota Seer age sas st waa de la engl 56 ae . ae a fee le rok =5%) F beak compeimahs Rp Felten homes weeny 20) ck pln om teeter uae PAS mee eee 4 o poodle 'S.a 05.4. eske la Gedka ine fe olemhsicen. leawel ~ Bacake wihuthe: ta deepak vitun lor {ga550) Bram Xin cont ‘de wesomandade de fa eet Sek. meee nm, (sar) # Verikcsiile (oaicatonii) la pctole sax ee | se eect apse atneaier aenoct'g % Spcta, Adictcose. SE SSE forme unos orggriqgama Gn cele ca urmanye. Werte EE (era) «45.5.2. Pentru unele din sectunile T sudate, de Hipul celor care intes’ tn aledtuicec 4afpilor fermelor , se dau “Voleri de calcul tm tabelul 5-44. ma aw alemank Jrestunghislar wen lo lnsovsiace So So Zalerelele case widecyecns comune oor YL Adie Be wn ated onal (Ya 6.8.) Tabelui 5.14 a fost Tmtoemit eonsidertnd pope poe Vee (Bra) Bava (Eabpi comprimate de ferme) , b+ 300m, O52, is elaig 1 RCT. ~ wethice Um © ened comprimobed (or Gk 5.8 5.6.) Hasta i a ee ee eee m= ‘ coudihiier Ae Were qu com se : -or$ cua sabrebta ete Antes auger coment oy de co Byers ance A comment a ‘Seg ean a ealerel ta eke corer ch ane ~eeqale si omeae al 4) | —. | ORGANIGRAMA 51, verivicanca Rezietenve’ LAIMA CL ATARLITANI BARELOR cu Baer poke wi piesda | -Séancce, Re: ome | SE Conosc: “ete oaskeW) de cud Scan | eee. “Lephacile Care (pol peat, lee), “Materials Get (are re) 5 Re nee tee Sie] Anke caled crack dle tliltate. oe ness *Mngifieat we tdddle 86 a cz AMACIZEAZA Moba tu CARE te : ae MCLITATER, Gan Se ‘de Aprme welni eg eas 5 fale. ca { bes ay, b= FFAS gla: vy ht TWeADREAA aecTiONEA TA cosaal Se FUneAT comme rane! Mi deremminn coericiei De HRamear Unde Shane): Cee Tay Ty ies ye ost ae. ey eg, BeeGzL Lae eg te eae i | uk | i CALCOLEAZA: celal Ypsbseornigyt) te ty | NI OBS. Rentra coqueile copente de | Geis. we Connicdecs. ists i Smphfied oath eS | | | | | Mul verizick ane | 2vELTETEA PREA riARE4 BEET GAN aeAA 52] VERIFIEAREA sTASILTAT Locate (VoRLsit) SESANSEAT ES PERETILOR BARELOR ComPnWwATe. merc hia ore ee S.2, YeADREAZA WN CuReA DE FUNR| BAT CORES PONAATOARE , SL DETERMI, comticlanTi De, FUAMGAE el sa.abee): © omarion i A, BARA SE VERIFICA 7M compiTii Economica, * se rem eso sechy- re rewevitt bate en tupiasolictakt M se vein calcyldd cu Oo seckone remauiB-—100-— ORGAMIERAMA G2, VERIFICAREA STNBILITATI, BARELOR GX SectUNE, COMPUSA BN ELEMEHTE DERMATATE, SOLIDRRLZATE WWTRE ELE, SUPUSE LA ComPresiane. + SOLICTARILE AMIALE DE CALQUL Si VARIATIA 10K PE LUNGIMEA BARE + LEGATWRILE BAREI (TITEL Si PoZITIA Lon) “FORMA S BIMENSIUWILE SECTION LOR: = WONGIMEA BAREI: | + AMPLASAREA St DIMENSUNILE ELEMENTELOR, DE SOUDARIZARE;, | 1 MopUL ve CONF ECTIONARE: BATERIALUL FOLEIT (RES. Vy), | SALE ee J CALEULUL COEFiCiENTiLOR My S Ky LINEAR oe runners hi DANTE SH OMCUL EXACT OE STABILITATE, i : | a MompAATIVE 20 car Ay esre! 1 mantrwi mertme 2X) were! lmre een, ca | SSEVENTEE DE CpERAT | | DE PE RArWRKE WeTATe | ; 1 omrKeasadt a) Shee “STNADARDLLAT “SMPUFICAT, CUTABELELE «= §G.4.47, | Dek wo star o@clestERiij Sere, - | Wea PREFERARIL CA BARA SA ROR |X PE Diesen ARE MO THE TA. | TERIAL CSL RUTIN ACERBR CARH | STORE Dosen CA PE DIRRETEA es Aci. ee Nora - Barele realitate din elemente departate de requid se aledtuiese fu sectiune SIMETRICA,02 Fao AR [Leeder ta tube 5.13.) Roamans Ake) pene weNoni 2) wake woolen Hele, St.c,lowew «de coghs eaten 8) wae Wr sec honi, [eae sai [Sone gz Geodon. din Sale. 5.8) -distanta , 6° este condrtonater si de conside~ rante ‘ole Sntretinere, repre. Fentind un minim peatre vepsine.106 =: OReANICARTA &4] VERIFICAREA PRINDERI PLACUTE, DE RAPURI Thee ty sheets * FIPENONILE, PRiNDER ER » VERIFICARER InCADRARII, Dimension BuDaRii Ws GmensuwiLe Lietira, ae.8. CALCUL CARACTERio 8] Guee GeEoneTmice ALE TABOR Fe Su, eo i Sip 1 RESPEAAY Dy FREES HIGTAMA 5.2. KeJesre vecrerrai ck FaMOERER SANE CENTAAT OREAWIQRAMA 5.5. VERIFICAREA PRiuDERii ZASRELUTE be RAMURI Bi - AMENSIOMILE PRinDE Rit “Re VERIFICAREA weADRARit EMSLUNILOR SuBdeRt We DIMEU IONE Lint, 56 EXEMPLE® DE CALCUL EXEMPLUL 5.1. P ” Sé se verifice tofga comprimata a unei ferme de ocoper’s in mai multe variante ae alcétuire. Efar- tul de compresiune este ce 1050 ular pentru aledtuirea talpii_se va folosi ofel 01 52. Sectunile lvote in censi- oerare sint : @ -profil T compus (olin deve platbande) b -sectiome on cove corntere ¢ -teavd laminate (a cald profi T compus (oir dove platbande) : ate al = coleulul caracteristeiler geomemrice ore A= 5720 em portico centrule; ole grevtate za : wp: EA, Bet. see on momentsl cle mer ele amt. temesliaL'y, ae eee 204» 554% Loge + 306x366%= 1535 em momentl & sinertie fots oe y-y 2 4, qy= Sap BAT. 18447 emt razele oe giratie : 749!)- Zi a:JB ofa = 547 en 55 Vf = (B- 493 em, G8 2h.8/ ew? langimite le flembsj la ele comprimets se consiere yee a 2 pr ak i are aatled) Saal ale 300m fn 240) Ase f= 300m Gy efi) svelktes borei(A), mecesoré obfineri’ cooftcientiler yp (olin tobelae 5.3: 6 s'¢/ se lekrming ostfel: #5 22% em