Chapter 1- Introduction

Concrete is a mixture of Portland cement or other hydraulic cement, fine aggregate,

coarse aggregate, and water, with or without additional material that forms a solid time. Then
with the development of technology, concrete can now innovate, such as concrete masonry,
namely concrete is obtained by replacing the rough aggregates comes from material that has a
light weight. Concrete masonry has bright prospects as material structures in the future
considering the quality that can be achieved with normal weight concrete quality types of light
(Owens 1999). Lightweight concrete structures have the ability when you have a strong
minimum press 17.5 Mpa and weight less than 1850 kg/m (Neville, 1993).
We as students who are ready to involve to the world of construction are motivated to
make an innovation with use light-weight concrete. We create a brick contains foam is called
Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) brick with interlocking system of shear resistant. The brick
form like bricks in general, but it has two holes and two pins on the width section. Pin and hole
are interlocked to each other, so those can withstand shear forces. Purposes of this research are to
find out the shear strength, compressive strength, and tensile strength from CLC brick, and to get
the right composition and design in creation of CLC brick.

Chapter 2 Literature Review

Lightweight concrete is concrete that has density is lighter than concrete in general.
Unlike ordinary concrete, lightweight concrete is created to reduce the structural load of a
construction building and will have an impact on the foundation calculations. According to
Tjokrodimuljo (1996), there are several methods that can be used to reduce density of concrete or
making the lighter concrete by making bubbles of gas / air in the mortar so that there are many
pores of air in the concrete or in other words can be called Cellular Lightweight Concrete brick.
This lightweight brick has the composition include: sand, cement, water, and foaming
agent. In the process of lightweight CLC bricks use organic foam produced from the Foam Agent
additive. This foam serves as a medium of air wrapping, resulting in pores and make the brick
lighter. In addition to lighter, the compressive strength of Cellular Lightweight Concrete varies
and ranges from 1.5 to more than 3.0 MPa depending on its density to the weight generated
between 350-1800 kg / m.

CLC Brick Pictures

The shape of this CLC brick aimed at creating an Interlocking system against the move if
the bricks become a single unit. The shape of this CLC bricks makes every segment of the walls
going to lock so that when applied for the walls not to change and hold a slide that occurred in
back and forth. While Pin and Hole or holes would be to withstand a force perpendicular walls or
vertical, but can also help hold a parallel to the wall or lateral.
The two Interlocking systems this will create the rigid and solid wall. The rigid and solid
wall combine with bone structure will result in the building with security burden due to the slide.
The Interlocking system of the wall can also minimize the chances of failure of buildings
because the collapse of the skeletal system due to material structure of the framework of the
building is not good.

Chapter 3 methodology

This testing is done at the Department of Civil Engineering Materials Laboratory, Jakarta
State Polytechnic. Before you create test objects, we have to set up a design that matches the
condition of strong shear tools like laboratories that affect design and more. The next step to
make the brick mold CLC and prepare tools and materials.
The first steps of the research are preparation, testing, and analysis of the materials. The
materials are sand (pumice is mashed until fine), cement, water, foaming agent, and addition of
super plasticizer. After all materials is qualified, next is making concrete mix design. After that,
the creation of CLC brick is started from mold cleanup so as not mixing with other materials,
then select fine sand while coarse sand can mash again until fine. Next add water, cement, sand,
and foam in sequence into the mixer. After that put the mixture into mold and wait until dry.
Finally CLC brick can be removed from the mold.
The process of treatment is only placed on dry enough for 28 days, after 28 days the brick
can be merged with others and can do the last phases namely testing powerful press, strong
shear, tensile strong and powerful side to get the numbers that determine the brick is against the
terms of SNI. Testing the strong shear and strong brick press on this can be done with the same
procedure because of strong shear and strong press differed on the direction of loading only. The
test objects will be placed at strong test tool on press to test the strong shear and strong press the
test objects.
The loading for shear strength is from right and left side of the test object while the
loading direction of the test equipment is from the top and down which is suppressing, so that the
test object needs to be adjusted to fit the loading surface according to the drawing, as well as the
compressive strength test.

Chapter IV Analysis

Table of the Testing of Strong Press

Specimens Percentage of foam age Pmax Compressive

content (days) (N) strength
(N/mm)
1 2% 28 55100 7,16
2 5% 28 66300 9,26
3 8% 28 48600 6,78
Analysis Result:
 From the results of testing strong pressure all the characteristics of CLC Brick
show that the briquettes contains 5 % foam and have 9, 26 N/mm powerful strong press
against the other.

Table of the Testing of Strong Deep Cut

Specimens Percentage of foam Age Pmax Compressive

content (days) (N) strength
(N/mm)
1 2% 28 57500 0,813
2 5% 28 75000 1,062
3 8% 28 61800 0,921

Analysis Result:
From the results of a strong attraction of the parties to the characteristics of the
CLC Brick show that the briquettes contains 5 % foam and have 1,062 N/mm powerful
than the other.

Table of the Testing of a Strong Elastic Result

specimens age (days) P Max (N) Flexural tensile strength (N/mm2)

1 28 6800 2,584
2 28 7600 2,888
3 28 7400 2,706
Rata - rata 7266,67 2,726
Analysis Result:
From the data tables are presented, the average of the strong press is 7266, 67 N
and the strong attraction is 2,726 N/mm2. Provided that the No. 2 with P Max is 7600 N
and the strong attraction is 2,888 N/mm2.
 Table of the Testing of Strong Slide
specimens age (days) P Max (N) Shear tensile strength (Kgf/cm2)

1 28 100 13,97
2 28 100 28,62
3 28 100 9,67
Analysis Result:
From the table presented above, sample no. 2 have the largest strong slide worth
28, 62 Kgf/cm2.

Chapter V Conclusion

From the results of testing and care of the research use of lightweight CLC brick Interlocking
system it can be drawn conclusion as follows:
1. In the test results of compressive strength has a value at age 7, 14, 28 days the better. At
28 days the compressive strength achieved was 9.26 N/mm with a foam content of 5%.
Of the result maximum compressive strength obtained, then this concrete not yet eligible
of lightweight concrete for concrete structure that is above 20 N/mm.
2. The average tensile strength of 28 days was 0.932 N / mm2 and the average bending
strength of 28 days was 2.726 N / mm2.