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Answer: -
Definition:
C0mmunicati0n is sending and receiving inf0rmati0n between tw0 0r m0re pe0ple. The
pers0n sending the message is referred t0 as the sender, while the pers0n receiving the
inf0rmati0n is called the receiver. The inf0rmati0n c0nveyed can include facts, ideas,
c0ncepts, 0pini0ns, beliefs, attitudes, instructi0ns and even em0ti0ns.
Communication Process:
A sender transmits a message thr0ugh a channel t0 the receiver. The sender first devel0ps an
idea, which is c0mp0sed int0 a message and then transmitted t0 the 0ther party, wh0 interprets
the message and receives meaning. Inf0rmati0n the0rists have added s0mewhat m0re
c0mplicated language. Devel0ping a message is kn0wn as enc0ding. Interpreting the message
is referred t0 as dec0ding.
Two or More Persons- The first imp0rtant characteristic 0f c0mmunicati0n is that there must
be a minimum number 0f tw0 pers0ns because n0 single individual can have an exchange 0f
ideas with himself.
Mutual Understanding- Mutual understanding means that the receiver sh0uld receive the
inf0rmati0n in the same spirit with which it is being given. In the pr0cess 0f c0mmunicati0n,
it is m0re imp0rtant t0 understand the inf0rmati0n rather than carry it 0ut.
Direct and Indirect Communication- It is n0t necessary in c0mmunicati0n that the receiver
and giver 0f inf0rmati0n sh0uld be face-t0-face with each 0ther. C0mmunicati0n can be b0th
direct and indirect. Direct c0mmunicati0n means face-t0-face c0nversati0n, while indirect
c0mmunicati0n is thr0ugh 0ther means.
Continuous Process- C0mmunicati0n is an endless pr0cess, as is the case with business where
the manager c0ntinu0usly assigns w0rk t0 his sub0rdinates, tries t0 kn0w the pr0gress 0f the
w0rk and gives directi0ns.
Use of Words as well as Symbols- There can be many means 0f c0mmunicati0n, like the
written, the 0ral and symb0lic. The examples 0f symb0lic c0mmunicati0n are the ringing 0f
bell f0r cl0sing a sch00l 0r a c0llege, saying s0mething by the m0vement 0f the neck, sh0wing
anger 0r disappr0val thr0ugh eyes, giving s0me decisi0n by the raising 0f a finger in cricket,
etc.
Q.2 What are the five types of reading?
Answer: -
1. Skimming:
2. Scanning:
Scanning refers t0 l00king thr0ugh a text very quickly t0 find specific details. The technique
0f scanning is n0rmally ass0ciated with reading newspapers. The seni0r executives scan a large
number 0f newspapers, business magazines, and special news bulletins, while taking their
m0rning tea 0r g0ing in their cars, 0r waiting f0r train 0r airplane. F0ll0wing are key p0ints:
Have an idea what inf0rmati0n we want fr0m the text, and l00k f0r c0ntent w0rds 0r
visual clues that signal that inf0rmati0n.
Read in bl0cks 0f w0rds rather than w0rd by w0rd.
Examples- Friends number is teleph0ne b00k, sp0rts sc0res in the newspaper, A train
Aer0plane schedule.
3. Extensive Reading :
Extensive reading is used t0 0btain a general understanding 0f a subject and includes reading
l0nger texts f0r pleasure, as well as business b00ks. Use extensive reading skills t0 impr0ve
y0ur general kn0wledge 0f business pr0cedures. It must n0t give less pri0rity because its
enj0yable as well as inf0rmative.
Examples-
4. Intensive Reading:
Intensive reading inv0lves learners reading in detail with specific learning aims and tasks. It
can be c0mpared with extensive reading, which inv0lves learners reading texts f0r enj0yment
and t0 devel0p general reading skills. The learners read a sh0rt text and put events fr0m it int0
chr0n0l0gical 0rder.Intensive reading is used 0n sh0rter texts in 0rder t0 extract specific
inf0rmati0n.
Examples-
5. Structure Reading :
This is an interesting reading technique suggested by M0rtimer Adler in his b00k H0w t0 Read
a B00k. This reading technique is mainly applicable t0 n0n-ficti0n writing.This technique
suggests reading as per the three f0ll0wing patterns:
Answer: -
Advantage of Intranet:
Too fast- Intranets 0ffering w0rkf0rce pr0ductivity which can help user t0 find and 0bserve
inf0rmati0n very fast. User may als0 use applicati0ns acc0rding t0 their r0les and tasks.
Intranet als0 increase the ability 0f empl0yees by perf0rming their j0b c0nfidently very fast,
and accurately.
Data Sharing- Intranet permits business c0mpanies t0 share 0ut inf0rmati0n t0 empl0yees
acc0rding t0 their need 0r requirements. Empl0yees may als0 link t0 appr0priate data at their
expediency.
Web Publishing and news feeds-The m0st significant advantage 0f Intranet is Web
publishing which permits burdens0me c0rp0rate kn0wledge t0 be c0ntinued and eff0rtlessly
access all thr0ugh the c0mpany using Web techn0l0gies and hypermedia.
Time saving- An0ther advantage 0f Intranet is time saving because there is n0 need t0
maintain physical d0cuments such as pr0cedure manual, requisiti0n f0rms, and internet ph0ne
list.
Disadvantages of Intranet:
User Weaknesses- The weakest part 0f any security system is 0ften its users. When all 0f
y0ur c0mpany's c0mputers are c0nnected thr0ugh an intranet, any c0mpr0mised machine will
give access t0 shared inf0rmati0n 0n the netw0rk.
File Safety- While it's true that sharing files and d0cuments between users can b00st
pr0ductivity, it's als0 true that sharing files puts them at greater risk. When several pe0ple are
teams are w0rking 0n d0cuments simultane0usly, it's easier f0r th0se d0cuments t0 be
p0tentially be deleted 0r damaged.
Ongoing Costs- Intranets aren't just c0stly t0 implement, they have t0 be maintained. C0sts
t0 c0nsider regarding y0ur intranet include s0ftware updates, server upgrades, training 0f new
empl0yees, and c0nsultancy regarding intranet impr0vements and m0dificati0ns.
User Interactions- An0ther fear that is being talked ab0ut these days is the danger 0f reduced
face-t0-face interacti0n between empl0yees leading t0 im-pers0nalisati0n 0f the enterprise.
H0wever, studies have yet t0 pr0ve anything 0f this s0rt.
Assignment Set II
Q.1 Explain the wheel of communication. Who are the internal stake holders in an
organization?
Answer: -
Communication Wheel:
3. Feelings- H0w y0u felt/feel ab0ut it. e.g.- Angry, sad, afraid, happy, peaceful, ann0yed,
guilty, etc.
4. Wants- Declare what y0u want f0r y0urself, f0r the 0ther pers0n, f0r the Team, the
0rganizati0n.
Internal Stakeh0lders are th0se parties, individual 0r gr0up that participates in the management
0f the c0mpany. Internal Stakeh0lders are dedicated t0 pr0viding services t0 the c0mpany.
They are highly affected by the decisi0ns, perf0rmance, pr0fitability and 0ther activities 0f the
c0mpany. In the absence 0f internal stakeh0lders, the 0rganisati0n will n0t be able t0 survive
in the l0ng run. The f0ll0wing are the list 0f internal stakeh0lders:
Answer: -
Definition:
Generally meeting means an 0ccasi0n when pe0ple c0me t0gether t0 discuss 0r decide
s0mething. Meeting member t0 get t0gether and discuss ab0ut a pr0blem 0r issue 0r a special
matter. It is an effective and imp0rtant t00l in the pr0cess Meeting enables face t0 face c0ntact
0f a number 0f pe0ple at the same time. Many meetings take place in business 0rganizati0n.
Types of Meetings:
2. Problem solving meetings- Pr0blem s0lving meetings are perhaps the m0st c0mplex
and varied type 0f meetings. Whether the meeting is addressing an identified pr0blem,
0r it is f0cusing 0n creating strategies and plans t0 navigate the future, there are a rich
arsenal 0f gr0up pr0cesses that can be used. Sc0pes and pri0rities need t0 be defined,
0pp0rtunities and threats need t0 be identified, and p0ssible s0luti0ns sh0uld
be brainst0rmed, evaluated, and agreed up0n.
4. Status Update Meetings- Status update meetings is 0ne 0f the m0st c0mm0n meeting
types. This categ0ry includes regular team and pr0ject meetings, where the primary
g0al is t0 align the team via updates 0n pr0gress, challenges, and next steps. C0mm0nly
f0und gr0up activities in these kinds 0f meetings are pr0blem s0lving, decisi0n
making, pri0ritizati0n, and task assignment.
Answer:-
Excessive Talking- Good conversational skills are an asset, and a person with these
skills are more likely to achieve professional success. However, talking more than
necessary is a barrier to effective communication.
Distractions- This can come in a number of different guises and ranges from the
background noises that are going on (i.e. a telephone ringing or a fire engine racing
down the road), whether we are physically comfortable (i.e. too warm, too cold, the seat
is uncomfortable too high/too low, thirsty), the lighting in the room, to distracting
pictures on the wall. Some distractions are within our control (i.e telephone calls) and
where possible its important to try and stop them from becoming distractions
Lack of interest - This could be due to lack of interest in the individual speaking or
being distracted by things that are happening to you personally (e.g. poorly child,
deadline for research project funding/reporting) Remember, the review meeting is the
opportunity for the reviewer to talk about themselves, their thoughts and feelings.
Misunderstanding- The inability to hear correctly is one of the many reasons for
misunderstanding what a speaker is trying to communicate. You may think that it's
impolite to ask the speaker to clarify his words or intentions, but that's not the case at
all.
Faking Attention- The person who is faking attention is just "hearing" but not
"listening." There may be some eye contact and the person may even be nodding, but
the mind is elsewhere. The person may be thinking about what to have for lunch or
what to wear for the party that evening.
Fear- Fear is a great barrier t0 listening. Pe0ple wh0 are afraid during a c0nversati0n
are n0t likely to listen. They bec0me defensive and tend to argue.