Three Hours

SHORT ONES

1. Efficiency is a measure of the __________ to which an objective has been achieved.

a. scope b. extent c. wastage d. ethics

2. An inferior good is one whose demand __________ in response to __________ incomes.

a. falls, falling b. falls, higher c. rises, higher d. either a or c

3. Reason why a production possibility curve that is convex towards the origin doesnt exist.

LONG ONES

1. Explain the nature of point H:

2. Explain the concept of Absolute Advantage in this case:

3. Draw cumulative PPC for an economy which has just tqo players, Amanda and Zoe (ref Qn 2
above).

4.

5. A new trend in US high schools is the widespread use of chewing tobacco. A recent survey
indicates that 15 percent of males in upper grades now use it a figure not far below the use rate for
cigarettes. This development came about in response to the widespread implementation by schools
of regulations that forbade cigarette smoking on and around school property. Draw a supply-demand
equilibrium for each of the cigarette and chewing tobacco markets before and after the introduction
of the regulations.

6. The football stadium of the University of the North West Territories has 30 seats. The demand
curve for tickets has a price intercept of $36 and a quantity intercept of 72. (a) Draw the supply and
demand curves to scale in a graph or in Excel. (This demand curve has the form P = 360.5Q.) (b)
Determine the equilibrium admission price, and the amount of revenue generated from ticket sales
for each game. (c) A local alumnus and benefactor offers to install 6 more seats at no cost to the
University. Compute the price that would be charged with this new supply and compute the revenue
that would accrue at this new equilibrium price. Should the University accept the offer to install the
seats? (d) Redo the previous part of this question, assuming that the initial number of seats is 40,
and the University has the option to increase capacity to 46 at no cost to itself. Should the University
accept the offer in this case?

7. Suppose farm workers in Mexico are successful in obtaining a substantial wage increase. Illustrate
the effect of this on the price of lettuce in the Canadian winter, using a supply and demand diagram,
on the assumption that all lettuce in Canada is imported during its winter.

8. Discuss the impact of elasticity on quantity fluctuations.

9. Your fruit stall has 100 ripe bananas that must be sold today. Your supply curve is therefore
vertical. From past experience, you know that these 100 bananas will all be sold if the price is set at
40 cents per unit. (a) Draw a supply and demand diagram illustrating the market equilibrium price
and quantity. (b) The demand elasticity is -0.5 at the equilibrium price. But you now discover that 10
of your bananas are rotten and cannot be sold. Draw the new supply curve and calculate the
percentage price increase that will be associate with the new equilibrium, on the basis of your
knowledge of the demand elasticity.

10. Waterson Power Corporations regulator has just allowed a rate increase from 9 to 11 cents per
kilowatt hour of electricity. The short-run demand elasticity is -0.6 and the long-run demand
elasticity is -1.2 at the current price.. (a) What will be the percentage reduction in power demanded
in the short run (use the midpoint arc elasticity formula)? (b) What will be the percentage reduction
in power demanded in the long run? (c) Will revenues increase or decrease in the short and long
runs?

11. Imagine a society that produces military goods and consumer goods, which well call guns and
butter. a. Draw a production possibilities frontier for guns and butter. Explain why it most likely has
a bowedout shape. b. Show a point that is impossible for the economy to achieve. Show a point that
is feasible but inefficient. c. Imagine that the society has two political parties, called the Hawks (who
want a strong military) and the Doves (who want a smaller military). Show a point on your
production possibilities frontier that the Hawks might choose and a point the Doves might choose. d.
Imagine that an aggressive neighboring country reduces the size of its military. As a result, both the
Hawks and the Doves reduce their desired production of guns by the same amount. Which party
would get the bigger peace dividend, measured by the increase in butter production? Explain.

12. American and Japanese workers can each produce 4 cars a year. An American worker can
produce 10 tons of grain a year, whereas a Japanese worker can produce 5 tons of grain a year. To
keep things simple, assume that each country has 100 million workers. a. For this situation, construct
a table. b. Graph the production possibilities frontier of the American and Japanese economies. c.
For the United States, what is the opportunity cost of a car? Of grain? For Japan, what is the
opportunity cost of a car? Of grain? Put this information in a table. d. Which country has an absolute
advantage in producing cars? In producing grain? e. Which country has a comparative advantage in
producing cars? In producing grain? f. Without trade, half of each countrys workers produce cars and
half produce grain. What quantities of cars and grain does each country produce? g. Starting from a
position without trade, give an example in which trade makes each country better off.

13. England and Scotland both produce scones and sweaters. Suppose that an English worker can
produce 50 scones per hour or 1 sweater per hour. Suppose that a Scottish worker can produce 40
scones per hour or 2 sweaters per hour. a. Which country has the absolute advantage in the
production of each good? Which country has the comparative advantage? b. If England and Scotland
decide to trade, which commodity will Scotland trade to England? Explain. c. If a Scottish worker
could produce only 1 sweater per hour, would Scotland still gain from trade? Would England still gain
from trade? Explain.

14. Pat and Kris are roommates. They spend most of their time studying (of course), but they leave
some time for their favorite activities: making pizza and brewing root beer. Pat takes 4 hours to brew
a gallon of root beer and 2 hours to make a pizza. Kris takes 6 hours to brew a gallon of root beer and
4 hours to make a pizza. a. What is each roommates opportunity cost of making a pizza? Who has
the absolute advantage in making pizza? Who has the comparative advantage in making pizza? b. If
Pat and Kris trade foods with each other, who will trade away pizza in exchange for root beer? c. The
price of pizza can be expressed in terms of gallons of root beer. What is the highest price at which
pizza can be traded that would make both roommates better off? What is the lowest price? Explain.

15. The following table describes the production possibilities of two cities in the country of
Baseballia:

PAIRS OF RED PAIRS OF WHITE

 SOCKS PER WORKER SOCKS PER WORKER

PER HOUR PER HOUR

BOSTON 3 3

CHICAGO 2 1

a. Without trade, what is the price of white socks (in terms of red socks) in Boston? What is the price
in Chicago? b. Which city has an absolute advantage in the production of each color sock? Which city
has a comparative advantage in the production of each color sock? c. If the cities trade with each
other, which color sock will each export? d. What is the range of prices at which trade can occur?