Chapter 8 Study Guide

James An

Federalists- People like John Adams who has a loose interpretation on the constitution.
Democratic Republicans- People like Thomas Jefferson who has a strict and narrow interpretation of
the constitution.
John Adams- He was a Federalist who favored rule by wealthy class, strong federal government,
emphasis on manufacturing, loose interpretation of the constitution, and a British Alliance.
Thomas Jefferson- He was a Democratic Republican who favored rule by people, strong state
governments, emphasis on agriculture, strict interpretation of the constitution, and a French alliance.
Jeffersons policies- He brought style and political ideas from Adams and Washington. He supported the
will of the majority. He also stressed out the need for a limited government and the protection of civil
rights.
Aaron Burr- A Democratic- Republican who also ran for president and tied with Thomas Jefferson. The
House of Representative ended the tie and took Jefferson as President.
Election of 1800- John Adams and Charles C. Pinckney ran against the Democratic- Republicans Thomas
Jefferson and Aaron Burr. It ended up the two Democratic- Republicans as a tie and voting went straight
up to the House of Representatives. It ended up Thomas Jefferson winning the election and Aaron Burr
becoming Vice President.
12th Amendment- New way of election the President and Vice president.
Washington D.C. - Just built in time for Thomas Jefferson to speak his speech in front of America and
our Capital Today.
Alien and Sedition Acts- Didnt allow immigrants to come to the U.S. and forbid everyone from
publishing or voicing the criticism of the federal government.
Madison vs. Marbury- Before Adams left office, he appointed other cabinets like Marbury. But because
Jefferson was elected as president, he canceled all appointed men and appointed his own. He handed
this assignment to Madison and when Marbury didnt get his letter that he has been appointed back, he
went straight to the Supreme Court and demanded the documents, Madison refused. John Marshal,
who handled the case, because Marburys case was not accepted by the Supreme Court, the case was
called unconstitutional. It taught them that they need they needed changes. They made the Judiciary act
which declared and act of Congress unconstitutional
John Marshall- The chief Justice of the Supreme Court
New States- Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787- The Northwest Ordinance was an act of the Congress of the
Confederation of the United States, passed July 13, 1787. The ordinance created the Northwest
Territory, the first organized territory of the United States, from lands beyond the Appalachian
Mountains, between British Canada and the Great Lakes to the north and the Ohio River to the south.
The upper Mississippi River formed the Territory's western boundary. It was the response to multiple
pressures: the westward expansion of American settlers, tense diplomatic relations with Great Britain
and Spain, violent confrontations with Indians, the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, and the
empty treasury of the American government. It was based upon but more conservative than Thomas
Jefferson's proposed ordinance of 1784. The 1787 law relied on a strong central government, which was
assured under the new Constitution that took effect in 1789. In August, 1789, it was replaced by
the Northwest Ordinance of 1789, in which the new Congress reaffirmed the Ordinance with slight
modifications.
New Orleans/ Mississippi River- A trading center where the Mississippi river was a way to New Orleans
and they traded in the ports and outwards.
Louisiana- Originally owned by the Spanish, they gave it away to the French because of English Settlers
who moved inwards to their location.
Napoleon- He was the leader/dictator of France at this time
Charles Talleyrand- Was the one who offered to sell Louisiana
Louisiana Purchase- When Napoleons dream was crushed, he decided to sell the land.
Meriwether Lewis/ William Clark- Congress choose them to explore the mighty lands in the west
Corps of Discovery- They Journeys name for Lewis and Clark
Sacagawea- a Native American who helped with Navigation and food
Nez Perce a Native American who helped with supplies and food
Zebulon Pike- He went southwest to find the ending of the red river.
Barbary States- A place where in North Africa would raid merchant ships and take their supplies.
USS Constitution- A battleship to protect merchants from threats
Embargo Act- The law that banned trade because of ongoing threats
Non- Intercourse Act- An act that replaced the Embargo Act and only stated that they could not trade
with England, France, and their colonies
Tecumseh- a Native American who began rallying the other Natives to take back their land
William Henry Harrison- the Governor of the Indiana Territory and one who was convinced that
Tecumseh was getting aided by the British.
Battle of Tippecanoe- Harrisons forces defeated Tecumsehs army and found that he has fled to Canada
War Hawks- Ones in Congress who wanted to go to war with Britain
War of 1812- Wars attacking and defending against the British Army
Detroit- Failed when British forces with Tecumseh attacked their fort
Oliver Hazard Perry- He was a commander and was sent to Lake Erie to take control of it.
Battle of Lake Erie- When Oliver Perry sent his troops to Lake Erie and defeated the British.
Battle of Thames- General Harrison with his troops defeated the British Troops and Natives ending the
British power on Lake Erie
Creek War-The Creek Indians attacked Fort Mims and destroyed the fort
Andrew Jackson- A hero at the Battle of the Creek war and New Orleans
Battle at Horse Bend- Led by Andrew Jackson, he attacked the Creek and won. The Treaty of Fort
Jackson ended this battle
Treaty of Fort Jackson- Ended he Creek war and forced the Creek Indians to give up millions of land
James Madison- Britain attacks the White Hose burning it down. James Madison safely gets out
Ft. McHenry- An unsuccessful attack against the Americans from Britain causing them to retreat
Battle of New Orleans- Last Major Battle of the War 1812 that made Andrew Jackson a hero
Hartford Convention- Federalists decide to oppose the war and send delegates to meet with congress
Treaty of Ghent- A treaty to end the War of 1812 against Britain and the U.S.
Effects in War- Nationalism, Manufacturing boosted, and Native American resistance weakened