Mwh tF

ulh gUt
bjhF 1

ENGLISH
 jehL muR
Kj g - 2012
Ua g - 2013
kW g - 2014
(bghJ ghll btlgl KgUt )

ghl cUthfK bjhF

khy fa Muh kW g Wtd
f rhiy, brid - 600 006.

mrhf
jehL ghl kW fa gf fHf
f rhiy, brid - 600 006.

bt

ghl tiyjs
www.textbooksonline.tn.nic.in

II
 ehLg

ehLg - bghU

a jhna! kf g Jgfis fw na
vyhUila kdY M brwh.
Ubga grhig, Jit, Truij,
kuhoaij, uhlij, xrhit, tfhsij cs
s mila brwJ.
Ubga a, kakiy bjhlf vbuhwJ;
aKid, fif MWf bdh xWwJ; a
flyiyfsh tzfgLwJ.
mit dUis ntLwd; fiH guwd.
ah g Jgfis fw jhna! cdF
bt! bt! bt!

III
THE NATIONAL ANTHEM

IV
 jjh thJ
uhU flYLj yklij bfbyhGF
uhU tjdbkd fguj fl
bjfzK mwj uhle UehL
jfW iwEjY jjeW yfKnk!
myf thridngh midJyF gKw
vir fkzf UjbgU jHznf!
jHznf!
c sik w aJ bra kwJ thJJnk!
thJJnk!
thJJnk!

- kndhka bg. Rjudh.

nja xUikghL cWbkh

eho cik thit xUikghil ng fhJ
tYgLj bragLnt' vW cskhu eh cW TWnw.
xUnghJ tKiwia ehnl' vW, rka, bkh, tlhu
Kjait fhuzkhf vG ntWghLfSF rfSF Vida
mua - bghUshjhu FiwghLfSF mik beY mua
mik tY W fhng' vW eh nkY
cWanw.
cWbkh
ah vdJ ehL. a midtU v cl w j t f .
v ehil eh bgJ nenw. eho gHbgUikfhf
gKf ku wfhf eh bgUj milnw. eho
bgUikF jFJ sl vW ghLgLnt.
vDila bgnwh, Maf, vdF ta _njh
midtiu kng; vyhlK m kahij fhLnt.
v ehoF v kfSF ciHl KidJ ng.
mtf eyK tsK bgWtnyjh vW k fhng.

V
VI
 bghUslf
j (1 - 52)
a jiy gf
1. br iraKJ 1
gHbkh eh}W 2
ciueil kf uhF neU vGa foj 3
Jizghl CUHh - xU fiyHh 6
2. br j ghl 16
ciueil sik bgah nfl dh 18
Jizghl jfkhgHK NLnfhY 22
3. br weh}W 32
izia oJ bjUthF! 33
ciueil nja fhj brk 34
Jizghl vJ bga cik? 38

kdghlgF
a br mof
1. iraKJ 9
2. weh}W 4
kdghl mof bkhj 13
(ghlY * LFl ghlf kdghlgF)
ENGLISH (53 - 80)
Unit Topic Page No.
1. Prose The Mystery of Language 55
Poem Inclusion * 62
Supplementary
Reader Each one is Unique 64
2. Prose Those Three Bears 68
Poem Granny, Granny, Please Comb My Hair 74
Supplementary
Reader The Unlucky Face 76
* Memoriter Poem
VII
j
Mwh tF
ulh gUt

VIII
a xW br

iraKJ
kiHna kiHna th th - ey
thd dny th th -
ita jKnj th th
jfu gj jzjz btd
jhG Tiu rsrs btd
efu bgf br Flf
ebw Ffz fzfz btd (kiHna kiHna ...)
VFsf tgo, ehL
vF g bghgo, bgho
th fh
kuK jiH eidLgo (kiHna kiHna...)
jiHah btg jiHf bk
jhfh btg f
cGth vyh kiyngh vUij
Xo bghnd l * (kiHna kiHna...)
- ufP ghujhr

brhbghU
thdd - kiH; itaJ mKJ - cy mKj;
ita - cyf; jfugj - jfujh mikfgl
gj; bgho - kfuj bgho; jiH - bro; jiHah
btg - bgUF btg; Fiwahj btg vd
bghU bfhsyh; jiHf - Fiwa.
Ma F
ufP vd, ghntj vd fHgLgt
ghujhr. tj abga Rud. t
ghu fijJ bfhl fhjyh, jKila
bgaiu ghujhr vd khbfhlh. ghoa
gR, mH , FLg sF Kjad tj
j

fij f. t thj fhy 29. 04. 1891 Kj

21. 04.1964 tiu.

11
 gHbkh eh}W

f w

Mw fwh milah; m~Jilah

ehir bryhj ehoiy; mehL
ntWehL Mfh; jkntah; Mdh
MWzh ntLtJ .
- KWiw miuadh

ghlbghU
ff ntoa fis iwthf fwt milat Mth. mtUila
f ehF irfY gu. mtUila f guthj ehL iy. mj ehLf
vyh ntW ehLf iy; jKila ehLfns. vdnt, mehLfSF
brYnghJ teil czit, mt vLJ bry ntoa njit iy.

brhbghU
Mw - iwthf; ehir - ehF + ir; jkntah - jKila
ehLfns; MWzh -MW + czh; MW - t; czh - cz. teil cz.
jid fLnrhW vd fhy TWt. vehoF brwhY,
meho fnwhiu tuntW cz mg vgJ ghl czJ fUJ.

Ma F
Ma KWiw miuadh. KWiw vgJ Cbga.
miua vD brh, murid FF. t KWiw vw Ciu
Ml muruhf Ufyh; myJ, miua vgJ yt Fobgauhf
Ufyh.

F
gbdfzF fS xW gHbkh eh}W. eh}W
ghlfis bfhl J. xbthU ghlY xU gHbkh
lbgWsJ. ghl tU gHbkh, MWzh ntLtJ vgJ.
jF fwtDF fLnrhW ntlh vgJ bghU.

2
 ciueil

kf uhF neU vGa foj

ekJ a eho Ljiyfhf

ghLgl jiytfS xUt #tfyh
neU. t, e ehL Ljiy bgw
Kj Kjik mikruhf bghW
Vwh.
mtUila m kfjh
uhfh. 1922M MLKj
1964M MLtiu 42 MLf j
kfSF fojf vGbfhnl
Ujh.
neU btehLF brw
bghGJ, ah UjbghGJ
kfSF fojf vGdh. iw
rhiy milfgl bghGJTl,
mt foj vGJtjid Wjnt
iy.
jhT Rtghu f
uhfh nrjnghJ, mt vGa
foj J. Rtghu f nkF
tfhs rhnfj vD
l csJ.
(mfojUJ xUgF kL nf ghlkhf jugLsJ.)

mnkhuh khtl iwrhiy,

1935 ut 22.
brykf J!
iwrhiy eh eykhf Unw. Ugh
cjl gofntoa ghlfis Ko brJlh
j

nghY. k. go nguhafis jglKiw

rJ fyJiuahLtJ eyJ. tF cfhJ
ghlfis nfgjidl, j mQFKiw eyJ.

33
 nf{ gfiyfHf eh goFnghJ, mJjh
iyik. tFgiw elF ciuahlfSF ehf bga
KaJt bfhLfkhnlh; Mafis jahf
rJ ciuahLnth. mj ciuahl vf tsF
bgJ ga cilajhf UjJ.
goF rhnfj jifa eilKiw Uwjh?
vgJ bjaiy; yhlh vd? Mafis
jna rJ ciuahL gHfij filo.
thgjfhf mtnghJ jffis eh
mDgyhkh? vd nfoUnj; mDg brh vG
Uwh. nghJ vdF if vdbtwh, cdF
vgogl jffis mDtJ vgJjh.
jf thgjid flikahf MFj TlhJ;
flhagLj TlhJ. mgo brjh, jf th
kia juhJ. btWng clhF. mJkL mW;
vj jfij thf Mir tuhJ. K vyh eKila
ghljffS njfS go btW clhF
isitjh brjd. nra, l Kjnah vts
mjkhd My gilghf!
xbthUtUF xbthUjkhd jf oF.
FHijah UFnghJ, xUtifahd jf oF.
isPuh UFnghJ, xUtifahd jf oF; taJ
Mf Mf Ug khW.
cdF vd jf thf oF vd brh!
cdF fij thf oFkh? myJ tuyhW, ehL
el, bghUshjhu Kja jff oFkh? c <LghL
bjj vj jf thfyh vgJ FJ, cdF
vGJnt. cJ jffis f eh Ugiy.
y jff g bghJthf ngryh. nsnlh
jff Ritahdit; jidia Lgit. nuf
ehlff e Mtij Lgit. mit RUfkhf
UF; thf vjhf UF. ehlffis g
ngRnwh. mJ r! fhjhr rhFjy ehlfij
thUwhah? mJ thf ntoa .
brw ML lhlh nghU mik vD
ehtiy thf nghtjhf brhdh; thJlhah?
cy f wj fS mJ xW. bgdhh

4
 gy fis thfiy. mtUila f thf
jFjit.
vdF f ojkhdt bgu u[. mtUila
My mUikahdJ. mthj vGJ mtUilaJ.
eh V jf thj ntL? m bgWtjfhf,
k miltjfhf vd gy fhuzfis brhyyh.
mit cikjh. Mdh, jFnkY xU fhuz cL.
Mu Kff bfhlJ thif. mjid Jbfhs,
Kiwahf thH jf go aikahjJ.
jbahU kj gl f FWaJ. jff
kjf Vuhskhd gl jidf ml csd.
mtiw thFnghJ, eh tF W_iyUJ
btnaWnwh. kiyJ VW, Jtiu ghfhj cyf
fhfis ghF czit bgWnwh.

mf,
c mgh.

nf{ - yhYs gfiyfHf

nra - My ehlf Ma
l - My fP
nsnlh - nuf jidahs
fhjhr - tlbkh ehlf Ma
lhlh - uZa ehL vGjhs
bgdhh - My ehlf Ma
bgu u[ - jidahs; fahs
mnkhuh iw - cjuhr khy csJ.
Ugh - Rtghu gj
j

nguha.

55
 UHh vwh, Cnu mUgoahd nksrj nfF.
thzntoiff, jjkhd Mlf eilbgW. cf CUHh
Y itbayh cL myth?
mjifa xU UHhF Xa xUt brUjh. mt oa
tzgl, jh ghj UHh fhfis cnuhlJl tiujh.
mj gljh Kgf csJ.
vts mHfh UwJ ghfsh? bfhrneu glij
ghJbfhnl Uf... vd, ghJOfsh?
nghJ tFgiwYs khztfsha f IJ FGfshf
J bfhSf. Gs dhfSF xbthU FG mtut FG
cWdf fUJfis nfL vG bjhFj ntL. thUf,
fyJiuahlyh.
1. gl vjidjkhd fhfis fhz KowJ?
2. bkhj vjid Mlfis gl fhf?
3. gl lgfnk MQ bgQ irF fU bga
vd?
4. lgf MLw Ml bga vd?
5. iyF Kghf MQ bgQ MLw Ml bga vd?
6. gl tygf gF bgf vd brJbfhL
Uwhf?
7. vjid jkhd tzf gl l bgUwd?
8. gl cfSF VgLa vzij _W tf vGJf.
9. cf C eilbgW Hhfis goaLf.
10. cf CUHh ntW vbdd Mlf eilbgW?

FGf nkfl dhfSF fyJiuaho fUJfis

bjhFf. xbthU FGUJ FGjiyt KtJ, jh bjhFj
brfis tFgiw Tw. vj FG wghf fUJfis bjhFJ
tHFwnjh, mjFGit miHJ ifbah vG, midtU
ghuhLj ntL.

braghL
j

c C eilbgW VnjD xU Hhitg,

c vz Xlij bjhFJ vGJf.

77
 yfzK bkhwD

1. bkhF a
xUbrh gybghU
ghujhr ghl _W lf, jiH vD brh lbgWsJ.
kuK jiH - vD bjhl jiH vgJ, brobfhoia FjJ.
F jiH vgJ bgabrh.
jiHah btg jiHf - vD bjhl jiH vgJ idbrh.
jiHj - vgjF TLj vd, Fiwj vd bghU cL.
(v.fh.)
ehL jiHf - ehL tsf.
nriyia jiHa jiHa cLdh - nriyia jhH gokhW
cLdh vgJ bghU.
J aghd brjhnd!
gHbkh eh}W bris ghUf.
MWzh - MW + czh
MW vgJ tia FwJ.
MW vD brhYFjh
vjid bghUf?
MW - X v (6)
MW - aifahf UfiufSF il XL gu
MW - t
MW - j
g
ca bghUis fLoJ vGJf.
girFHij
girg
girbgh
girj

8
2. fzfz; jzjz
xia czJ brhf uL ulhfnt nrJ tU. mthW
tUbghGJ, m~J xFig btgLJ. jid jh bghU
juhJ.
ghujhr ghl kiH gyjkhd xfis vGwJ.
jzjz
fzfz
rsrs
yfz jid uils vg.
uil vwh uL; s vwh brh.
g
ca uils brhfis uf.
m. glhR vgo btojJ?
M. FHij vgo XoaJ?
. RUfkhf ngR; vW ngrhnj!
<. ituf vW aJ.
3. gHbkh br tU tU brhfis J vGJf.
milah = m~Jilah =
ehoiy =
xiwbfh, uilbfh id UwJ myth?
xiwbfh - F bro ( + v = br )
uilbfh - beo nt ( + V = nt )
xiwbfh + Jiz vGJ - F bghU ( + x = bgh )
uilbfh + Jiz vGJ - beo njhL ( + X = njh )
g
tz cs brhf cs iHfis flJ U vGJf.
1. brt TaJ.
2. MQ ngQ rk
3. VoF bgho bgrhnj.
j

4. mt vbf nrwh

99
 tFgiwwf

1. ngRf.
m. neU goj gfiyfHf bga vd?
M. ghlgFahf mikJs fojij neU vUJ vGdh?
. uhfh goj gfiyfHf vJ? m~J vFsJ?
2. dh vGf.
tU brhfis ikakhfbfhL dhfis cUthFf.
iw
jf
tFgiw
(v.fh.) iw - iw iffSF vd rhghL bfhLghf?
3. fUjhl brf.
oY gY gojjidl neU Fahf gojJ iw
rhiy. jF fhuz vd?
4. vGJf.
I. XU brhf il vGJf.
m. neU U goj f vj bkh Ujd?
(, My, j)
M. neU kfSF vGa foj vjid g mf TWwh?
(cz, cley, f)
. cy f wj ehtf xW vd neU FLtJ vjid?

<. rhFjy vD ehlf Ma ah?

II. XU bjhlf il vGJf.
m. tFgiw fgjidl vJ wjJ vwh neU?
M. cyf vD bghU tU jbrhf ytiw
flf.

10
 . nkf vD bghU czJ jbrhf ytiw
flf.
<. murid ntW vbjj brhfsh Flyh?
III. ehF tfSF fhk F vGJf.
m. neU, j kfl gof brh gJiuj f vit?
M. fis eh V thj ntL?
5. gil w
m. Ffis J fia vGJf.
jij - kf - UHh - bry;
Tl - kf - fhziy; jij - gjw;
gfil - lhfil - njl - iy;
jij - ftiy; fhty - tUif - rhj;
kf - uhod - ntoif - fLo;
jij - k - L Ug.
M. dW ghl vGJf.
thngh vd bjhl nengh vd Kof (myJ)
jf vd bjhl nghth vd Kof.

thifwf

1. neUl fwit
m. g (thbkh il TWf.)
1. vjfhf Mnya neUit iw miljd?
2. iw trf UFkh?
3. iw cwdfS cl Ughfsh?
4. iwrhiy neU egdhf UjJ vJ?
5. iw trf iy vgjfhf neU jf gogjid
Wdhuh?
j

11
11
 M. g
1. Jgkhd neu mwnt ifl ntoaJ vJ?

(jf thgJ, clg brtJ, bjhiyfh ghgJ)
2. bgJ U l vJ?

(tFgiw, L, isahLl, iu muF)
3. c o jf thF gHf cst ah?

4. ghljf ju, U thF ntW jf/brjh
g vGJf.

. g
1. neU foj_y fw thif g vJ?
tU brhbwhliu udh mJ ilF.
vts neuY, jf
gHfij TlhJ.

ilf
yfzK bkhwD
2. fzfz jzjz
g
m. glgl M. FLFL . tsts <. gsgs
tFgiw wf - 4. vGJf. ( II )
M. Phy, y, yf. . K, v, bfhl, kR.
<. kd, ntj, bfhwt.
thif wf
. g
1. vts Jgkhd neuY, jf goF gHfij
ifl TlhJ.

12
 tsu braghLf
nfl
braghL : 1 ciugia nfl
fhQ fUJiuia gof nfL, dhfSF il TWf.
fufhl
ehLw fJ
fiyfS xW fufhl.
~ J M b g
UtUnk ML fiy
ahF. CUHh
rh Cty myJ
njnuhl ff
jid fJt. bgnahKj nahtiu midtU U fahf
fufhl csJ. jiy fuf itJ ehfRu irF Vg mobaLJ MLtJ
fbfhsh fhahF. fufhlfhd fs mfykhd beLbjUfns.
fhnghiu clnrJ MlL msF fufhl fiyPf
MLthf.
dhf
1. ehLw fJ fiyfS fufhlK xW. [cik / bgh]
2. fufhlij bgf kLnk MLthf. [cik / bgh]
3. Knahf kLnk fufhlid Uthf. [cik / bgh]
4. fufhlfhd fs nkilahF. [cik / bgh]
5. ehfRu irF Vg mobaLJ MLtJ fufhl. [cik / bgh]
ngRj
braghL : 2 dhfSF ilaj
neU, j kf uhl nfl dhfis
cfl nfwh; il TWf.
1. c Mafis rJ ciuahL
eilKiw c g csjh?
2. cdF fij thf oFkh?
3. ehlf f VnjD thJshah?
4. tuyhW, ehLel, bghUshjhu
j

Kjat vjid U gogh?

5. eh V jf thj ntL?

13
13
 braghL : 3 gl ghJ ngRj
gl ghJ ngRf.

vGJj
braghL : 4 brhtjid vGJj
brhtjid vGJf.
1. ehL 2. d 3. jfu 4. efu 5. V
6. kiy 7. fij 8. mKJ 9. cyf 10. gj
braghL : 5 ca ilia bjbrj

m. caJ gJ ______________ . (kiy, kiH)

M. thd UJ bgtJ ___________ . (kiH, kiy)
. cHtf Mof _____________ Lt. (bghnz, bghnd)
<. kiH iu ______________ vg. (thdd, thzz)
c. ghujhr aa ____________ . (ghoa gR, ghoa gR)

braghL : 6 bghUJj

ca uils brhfis bghU ghliy iw brf.

(ksks, rlrl, lklk, gsgs, jkjk)

nkf ____________ vd uoL

d ___________ vd L
o __________ vd oL
kiH _________ vd bgL
bts _________ vd bgUL.
bgUa btsij ehS nrf
kiH jid k njFnth!

14
 braghL : 7 tifgLJj

xiwbfh, uilbfh brhfis tifgL vGJf.

bfho, nt, nfho, btis, nghit, brf,
bghf, nrW, bty, ntif, nfhil, bfil.

xiwbfh brhf uilbfh brhf

bfil nfhil

bjhFj
braghL : 8 bral
yghl, fufhl, ahl, bghfh Fiuahl Ma glfis uo
mtWfhd Ffis vG glsf bjhFngL xwid cUthFf.

fwyil W kL
kbg : 10
I. fhQ TWf rah, jtwh? 6x1=6
1. ghujhr, ghuah fijJ fhj bfhlt. (r / jtW)
2. ghntj abga Rud. (r / jtW)
3. fwtDF fLnrhW ntlh. (r / jtW)
4. jhT Rtghu f jeho csJ. (r / jtW)
5. fhjhr My ehlf Ma Mth. (r / jtW)
6. CUHh jjkhd Mlf eilbgW. (r / jtW)
II. bjhlf cs iHfis U vGJf. 4 x 1 = 4
1.
nrfiy bfhL L fLt. (br/brh/)
2.
bt toJ bfhLgJ bfhyF flnd. (nth/th/nt)
j

3. cyfbgJkiw UFw. (ng/bgh/)

4.
njna bt Kjgo. (bj/njh/ij)

15
15
 a uL br

j ghl
itnjhiu Tl itahnj - j
ita KGJ bghjhY bghahnj!
bta idf brahnj - fiy
gwitf vahnj!

ghid g Mlhnj - cw
g khfis gJ fhlhnj!
ntid cy Clhnj - cw
wh jid sf ehlhnj!

nghW rlif ezhnj - cid

fJ gy fy xzhnj!
rhWK thit vzhnj - w
jhG goF jhit gzhnj!

fs ntl idahnj - gy
fifny cfl eidahnj!
bfhis bfhs idahnj - e
bfhL J nfhKidahnj!

- fLbt j

16
ghlbghU
cid itjtiuTl itahnj; j cyf vyh bghahf
nghdhY bgh brhyhnj; wF Jg jUbrafis brahnj;
fbyJ gwitfis JWjhnj!
ghnghL isahlhnj! bgfis gJ ngrhnj! wl frghd
brhfis ngrhnj! c Wkhig wF fhlhnj!
w bfhlho br rlFfis brahnj! cid fJ
ngr, w LfSF bryhnj; c thit ngh bgjhf vzhnj!
wUF it clhF jhthd brafis brahnj!
ngh ntlfis nghlhnj! a MWfis njonjo ngh
KGfhnj! ahUila bghUis Ul idfhnj! xUtndhL ebfhL
wF mtid J, mtid g wl nfh_o ngrhnj!

brhbghU
btaid - Jg jU bra
nt - frghd brhf
wh - Wkh
gy - gy + , gyUila Lf
fy xzhnj - bryhnj
rhW - fahf ngRtJ
fl - cl

ghl F
VwjhH eh}W MLfSFK jHf fhL kiyf
thjtf jf.
ghgho j, Fjig j, mGF j vgd vyhnk
fhuz bgaf.
e ghlgF ghl Ma fLbt j.
t, cUt tghL brahk btlbtiana flshf tglt;
va brhf miufis Tat.
j

17
17
 ciueil

sik bgah nfl dh

uhkrh FWfhu Wt. ah vjid brhdhY 'V, vgo,

vjF' vW dh nfgh. mtDF aitgJ vjhd brayhf iy.
mikgLJtJ bgnwhuhd btflgUF - djhakhSF
bgUghlhf UjJ.
uhkrh JLfhf nfw dhfsh vr milnjh gy;
bfofhu Wt vW jobfhLnjh y. jhdhf J
Jbfhs idwh uhkrh; mjdh, j xW iyna vW
y ghuhod.
uhkrhF guL mfit. <nuhL mtdJ C. mF uhkehj
vgt fil uhkrh cfhUjh. elw vj xU braYF
kj jiyjh fhuz vW brhbfhnl Ugt mj
uhkehj.
uhkehj jiyFnk bjhbfhL Uj juhRjil, mt
ftfhj neu ghJ bky jolh uhkrh. uhkehj jiy
jL `klhbud' tJ GjJ. V jnl? vW uhkrhia
dJl uodh filfhu. jiygojh vyh elwJ vW
brhf myth? vid V uLf? vW brhagona
uhkrh Xo kiwjh.

18
 uhkrh bgnwh mt gF brYnghJ, ehnjhW
X miuia brh mDt. gF brY t cdF
eh tw VgL. mnghJ kw khztf Lf ngh nffhnj.
mtf rh kf. mtf bjhl vjid eh cznth Fofnth
TlhJ vgJjh mJ.
uhkrhF J aiy; of iy. jhnd Fonwh, ah
o Fojh vd vW mtDF njhaJ.
xUeh, uhkrhF ntif VglJ; L bfhr bjhiy
UjJ. oF brYtiu Fofhk Uf ayhJ.
mtdJ tF Ma L, mt brY t UjJ. mF
brW nflh. mUj bg Ftis bfhLtJ bfhLjh;
uhkrh Fojh.
mt Foj FtisJ bjj wnf mbg mjid
LF bfhL brwh. uhkrhF mt bra aiy.
oF tjJ mkhit nflh. mtf nkrhfhuf. eh
bjhl bghUfis ik brJLjh L gagLJthf
vwh uhkrh mkh. uhkrhF mkh brhdJ aig mjJ.
mtDila bgnwh yiu rhduhf idwd; ntW ynuh
mtid, mtDila bgnwhiu rhduhf elJwd. kjf
V go xUtiubahUt jhthf idwd? vW uhkrh
jh.
ah ahiubayh rhfhuf vW j lh fUJwhfnsh,
mtf L FHijfSl isahLtJ vW uhkrh Ko brjh.
mjgo vyh FHijfSlD isahl bjhldh.
m~J, mtDF oJ UjJ; ahU ahiu bjhlyh; ahU ah
oY rhlyh vgjid cWbrJ bfhlh.
ah vjid brhdhY, mjid mgona VWbfhs TlhJ vW
jjidl Uj uhkrh, ah? dhnk dh nfL vyhiu
f brj mj Ro iga, ah?
cf C eLnt bga jhol, fzho mj xU jhjh
iyia f ghUf. y lf ifjoia ojthW,
ntWy lf cfhJ jf gojthW mtuJ iy mikfgL
UF.
mj jhjhjh uhkrh. jHf fbga jidahs mt;
j

V, ah khbgU jidahsUTl. bgah <. bt. uh. vW

mtiu miHghf.

19
19
 Wt uhkrh, bgah uhkrhahf tsJ caj fij f
RitahdJ. mt tsJ bgatuhd wF dhf nfgjid Wjnt
iy. kwtfis dhf nff gHfntL vW mtUF
njhaJ. mt, jh thj fhy KGtJ mnf Kjl bfhLjh.
mit gagL vJ r? vJ jtW? vW J Jbfhl dnu
braglntL vwt mt.
gy W MLfshf gwgL tU tHfkhdhY r; mjid
brjh vdthF; brahlh vdthF vW nj KobtLf
ntL vwh mt.
Jnghw mthj brafsh bgah gyiu <jh; mofo
Tlfis eldh; rh cajhfis kj ntWghil mfw
ntL vwh; mjfhf xU rfK mikjh; mjF gFjths
rf vgJ bga.
sikny bgah, kfhkh fh bjhluhdh; fhuR
f nrjh; fSfil ka <Lglh; f wFtjid
jLgjfhf jDila njhUj bjid kufis vyh bto
rhjh. fj ma ntL vW guiu brjh. mJkL,
j njh fjJfis RkJ wh. wdh tU rh -
nkrh vD ntWghLfis mf, kf midtU kjrh vD
Xdkhf vzntL vwh.
wiu kj ntL, mJ kahij. jidjhnd kgJ, j
kahijia jfitJ bfhStJ Rakahij. W FHijia
thf, nghf... vW kahijl miHJ ngRtJ bgah g.
bgah kahijia - Rakahijia jU fzhf fUdh.
nfush itf vD C jhjgl kf, nfh
RWbjU elgjF jil UjJ. mjid vJ nghuho bt
bgwjdh, itf u vW miHfglh.
rh - nkrh ntWik, lhik bfhLikf mfy, vyhUF
f njit; vyhU f bgWj ntL vW bgah Tdh. j
fUJf isPfis <jd. mjdh, Rakahij af tYtiljJ.
kjfis kjfshf kfntL vgjid Vf. mJnghy,
kjf rghahf cs bgfis kj ntL. Mf
br vyhtiw bgfS brj ntL; mtfsh bra
aY. bgfSF eifnah mHfhd cilnah Ka iy; m
Rakahijjh f Ka.
uhkrh thW ngaJ bgfSF f oUjJ.

20
 mtfS J bgW nkilna ngdhf.
jhkhjh uhkrhF bgah vd gl tHdhf.
bgLjiyF Kjgoahf bgf vyhU f ffntL
vgjid bgah tWdh. bgf JlD eiflD
sFj ntL vwh. kngh, FJril Kja isahLfis
fWbfhSj ntL vwh. muRg, uhQt, fhtJiw
KjatY bgfis nrj ntL vwh.
FzY mY MQF bgQF ilna ntWghL
iy; UtU fuhdtfns vgjid LL tWdh. j
bjhiwJ mfitYTl a jidfis vLJ Tdh.
m vgJ tsJbfhnl UF; vdnt, adtiw Vw
ntL vwh. beLeh thjtuhd bgah, ekJ rKjhaF brj
bjhLf vzwit. bgah bgUikF fhuz, jjid
jjid brhd JrYjh. eh, mtiw bgahlUJ
fWbfhnth; eik nkY tsJbfhnth!

bgah ifbahg

w Ff
17.09.1879 wJ, 24.12.1973 kiwj
bgah, j theh 8600 eh, 13,12,000
nyh l bjhiy gaz brJ, 10,700
Tlf 21,400 kneu kfSfhf
ciuah rKjha bjhL Mdh.
1970M ML rKjha Uj
braghLfSfhf Ia ehLf mit
bdnfh UJ bgahUF tHfglJ.
eLt muR 1978M ML bgah
j

cUt bghj mrjiyia btL

wJsJ.

21
21
 Jizghl

jfkhgHK NLnfhY
(ehlf)

fh - 1
l : mukid
ghuf : mur, mur nehw jh, mikr, i t a f ,
nrtff.

mur : (tUjJl) mukid itanu... vid <w

m jhah cliy nghJ vgo csJ?
mukid : bghWjUSj ntL munr! ehoia oJ
ita ghj jf jhah iHgJ fod
vW bjwJ; D y ehns Ugh. Mfnt,
mt Uajid brJ mtiu kfyh.
mur : mgoah...!
(jhah mUnf brwh mur.)
jhna! jf Ugij brhYf. mjid
iwntw fhUnw.

(mur jhah Kdago Vnjh bky brhwh.

Jbfhl mur MizLwh.)
mur : mikrnu! v mid, khgH rhl Uwh.
Jnt mtj Ug. clnd mjF VghL
brf!
mikr : bghWjUSj ntL, munr! J khgHfhy
iy.
mur : vUjhY r, milehL brwhtJ khgH
bfhL thUf. nrtffns! clnd wgLf.
nrtff : mgona MfL... munr!
(nrtff gy irfY brW miywhf. Mdh, khgH bfhL
tUtjF mtUila jhah c JLwJ. mur bgUftiy
bfhwh.)

22
 fh - 2

l : murit
ghuf : mur, mikr, bjdhuhk.

mur : v mid W Ugij iwntw

Koaiyna vw Fw cz vid mJ
bfhwJ. mtUila kd mik milahkny c
Jlnj!
mikr : tUj ntlh, munr! mjF gfhu brayh.
j Fw cz UJ f jf t
UwJ, munr!

mur : vd t, brhYf!
mikr : brhnw, munr! bwL JwfSF jf
khgH brJ, jhdkhf bfhLJ UJ itjh,
cf jhah kd mik mil.
mur : MfL, mikrnu! iu J elf VghL
j

brf.
mikr : mgona MfL, munr!

23
23
 (d, jllyhd UJ elwJ.
midtUF jf khgHfis mur
tHFwh. mneu murit flf
bjdhuhk mF tUwh.)
bjdhuhk : ( j t h W )
m~bjgo, tfSF
jf khgH bfhLjh
mur wJnghd jhah
kd vgo mik mil?
vts bghU bry?
J bghUjkw brayhf
csnj! tfSF ey
ghl fLnw.
(xU KonthL bjdhuhk brwh.)

fh - 3
l : mukid
ghuf : jfkhgH bgwtf, bjdhuhk.

bjdhuhk : egfns! brw ML v jhah wjJ

cfSF bj. v jh W Miria
iwntw ayiy vw Fw cz
Unw. Wkhiy v y gfhu Hh
eilbgw csJ. midtU juhk tUj ntL.
jfkhgH : (jfkhgH l eF ntiy brwnj vd
bgwtf vago) uhkh! ftiy ntlh, ehf cWahf
tJLnwh.
fh - 4

l : bjdhuhk y
ghuf : bjdhuhk, jfkhgH bgwtf
(khiy neu - bjdhuhk o bwL ngU miwF brwd.
midtiu Fa brJ KJ gGf fha fah bjdhuhk
NL nghLwh.)
xUt : mnah... vnj!

24
kbwhUt : mkh... NL jhf Koaiyna!
(NLgltf t bghWfhk myWwd. br muritia
vLwJ.)

fh- 5

l : bjdhuhk y
ghuf : mur, bjdhuhk, NLgltf.

mur : bjdhuhkh, xGfhf brh. tf KJ NL

itjhahnk! vd bra J? V go brjh?
bjdhuhk : munr, v jhah tneh tJ fhykhdh.
itaf NLnfhiy gGf fh, mtUF
NLnghlh t U vwhf. Mdh,
NLnfh NL VWtjF jhah c
JlJ! jhahUF brahk l kUJtij,
bwL JwfSF brjh, v jhah kd
mik mil vgjdh, go brnj, munr!
mur : bghUjkW ngRwhna! tfSF NLnghlh,
wJnghd c jhah kd vgo mik mil?
bjdhuhk : tfSF jfkhgH bfhLjh, khgH
rhlhk wJl jf jhah kd mik
miltjid nghyjh, J munr!
(bjdhuhk fUJ muriu f itjJ. jKila jtiw mur
czwh. mur Kf KWt wJ.)
mur : _leifah, MuhJ ghfhk eh brj
jtwhd braiy, c mdh bja itj uhkh,
c mit bkRnw, thf!

(NLgltf jiyfJ w.)

-iu-
j

25
25
 yfzK bkhwD
1. iH j vGJnth.
rhiy f ghF iHfis U vGJf.
I. xWiHf
m. flikia br; gyid nf.
M. ku bghUf thlifF ilF.
. iugl fhz tUf.
II. F beo iHf
m. rhgL jhah . gFl mU csJ.
M. xW tdh xW ythr.
III. JizbaGJ iHf (b, n, i, h)
m. kUJtkd ghF t. . F gL rh jughL.
M. fhty ehf.
IV. kabfh iHf
m. U rfu tof gYJ ghfgL.
M. ehnjhW gf fh cL.
. twjU ehaf nfh.
2. vfis vGjh vG gHFf.
17 20
32 48
51
3. c vjF?
uhk ij yFt fhL brwd vgjid, uhkD
ij yFtD fhL brwd vWjh vGJnth.
xWF nkgl kjf, gwitf, yFf, bghUf nrJ
tUnghJ c nrJ vGJnwh.
g (c nrJ vGJf.)
1. yF fh f fuo Ujd.
2. RF sF ey kUJ bghUf.
3. L gTl gf Uwd.

26
 tFgiwwf
1. ngRf.
m. <.bt.uh. vgj vd?
M. gFjths rfij bgah mikjj nehf vd?
. jfkhgH bfhLj mur jjid cilatuh, wbrh
nfgtuh?
<. bjdhuhk fijfis gof cfSF Ug Uwjh?
2. dh vGf.
tU jiyf bjhlghf cdF njhW dhfis nff.
m. u M. Vwwf . _leif
(v.fh.) vJ u?
3. fUjhl brf.
m. bjdhuhk jfkhgH thatfSF NLnghlJ Kiwah?
M. uhkrhF bgah vW jhkh gl bfhLJ ghuhoaJ
V?
4. vGJf.
I. XU brhf il jUf.
m. fl vD brh bghU vd?
M. bgah njhWj af bga vd?
. nfus elj nghuhl bgahUF ilj w gl
vd?
II. XU bjhlf il jUf.
m. fbyJ JWj TlhjJ vJ?
M. if vLJ isahl TlhjJ vJ?
. vtiw jU fzhf bgah fUJwh?
III. ehF tfSF fhk il jUf.
m. fLbt j TW miuf wghd _wid TWf.
M. bgahU bgLjiy.
5. gilw
j

bjdhuhk fijia tF ehlfkhf eoJ fhLf.

27
27
 thifwf
1. VWbfhlhuh, kWjhuh? (thbkhahf il TWf.)

m. vyh jiy vW brhdjid bgah VWbfhlhuh,

kWjhuh?
M. nkrh, rh vW jjid bgah VWbfhlhuh,
kWjhuh?
. lhik vD beLfhy gHfij bgah VWbfhlhuh,
kWjhuh?
<. Mf mfhu brtjid bgf ml lgjid
bgah VWbfhlhuh, kWjhuh?
vyh dhfSF il, kWjh vgJjhnd! mgoahdh,
bgah lUJ eh fWbfhl w kWj w (Refusal Skill) MF.
F
kWj vgJ brUF iy.
kWj vgJ gahik mW.
jtwhd fUJfis kWjhjh eh tsuKo.
Jr milahs jtwhdtiw kWgJ.
_leiffis kWgJ Kndw.
kWgJ - bgQF ghJfh.
kWj miuFiwahf UJ ga iy; cWahf Uj
ntL.
g
vJ cWahd kW?
khztfSF
m. Niy
clgY khzt y nrJ, cdF ofhj gHf xwid
bra miHwhf. mgHfnkh, cdF iy. vthW kWgh?
kW
1. mghF bjjh Lth.
2. vdF mrkhf UwJ.
3. KoahJ! ~J vdF ofhJ.

28
 M. Niy
c eg xUt ntW rhfhu. mtndhL nruTlhJ vwh,
cmgh. mt vzij vthW kWgh?
kW
1. egfl eh rh ghfkhnl.
2. eh nruiy. mtjh tJ vDl nrwh.
3. njtiu nrJ Ungh, mgh! mw, mtid
nrfkhnl.
. Niy
gfJ bjU eg, cf bjUF tJ isahLwh.
mtid isaho nrfTlhJ vwhf c bjU egf.
mjid vthW kWgh?
kW
1. ght, mt mgh!
2. W xUeh kL isahoL nghfL.
3. mtD vDila eg. mtndhL nrJjh isahLnt.

ilf
yfzK bkhwD
2. vfis vGjh vG gHFf.
gndG
UgJ
KguL
ehgbjL
IgbjhW
j

29
29
 tsu braghLf
ngRj
braghL : 1 fyJiuahLj
e th, eh filoF _leiffis goaL, mtiw
jgjfhd tKiwfis FGf mikJ fyJiuahLf.
v.fh: m. id FWnf brwh vLJbfhl ntiy wgilahJ.
M. e Cislh eyJ elF.
. fGij Kf jh eyJ elF.
goj
braghL : 2 fUJiuia csthW goj
bgLjiy
bgah bg Ljiyfhf bgJ ghLglt. y nghwjf Fzf
MfSF kLjh cL, bgfSF mFzf iy vgjid
monahL kWjh. bghWik, mik, ngQw Kjad bgfSF kLnk
cait vd d, u, MSw Kjad MfSF kLnk cait
vd TWtjid Vf ayhJ. go TWtJ bgfis MLF Mfis
F xghf TWtJngh myth csJ. bgfSF J, u,
MSw Kjad cL vgjid midtU VWbfhSj ntL.
mJnt bg Ljiy vd uKHflh.
vGJj
braghL : 3 ca vGij bj brj

bjhl bghUjkhd xW vGJfis Lf. [ , , , ]

m. if cleyF__ nfL.
M. ku tsngh; kiHia__ bgWnth.
. beigia__ wfngh; beLeh thnth.
<. iwtid__ bjhGnth; gKl thnth.
c. aif cunk ntshikF__ wj cu.

braghL : 4 iH Fj

ghl cs Fbeo iHfis vGJf.

jehL jehL J
ju f jf jehL
bru brhH ghoah - ik

30
 bgf Mol gj ehL
kaKj Fktiu - <L
izaw uf eL.

braghL : 5 iH Fj

ghl monfhol brhf cs kabfh iHfis vGJf.

CUF btna xiwf klg kf
ciu Fofjh Xuhu nglh
Mw fiujny mHfhd klg kj
ciu bfhsjh Xuhu jKlh
Mykuny Mij myW bghny iyfis
ofjh Forhjh gy clh.
fho thG ahidF eho thG izF
Xuhu ngj tbfyh VJL?
bflhfhuD FsefhuD - Fig
Figah bfho itj bghbayh
eKila uij mUny mfjhnd enyh
mitbayh Fnjho ijfjhnd!

fwyil W kL

kbg : 10
I. nfhol lij uf. 4x1=4
1. cUt tghL brahk btlbtia flshf tglt .
2. itf u vW miHfglt .
3. bgf , Kja isahLfis fWbfhSj
ntL vd bgah Tdh.
4. jfkhgH bgw Jwf vif .

II. ca xWvGJfis vGJf. 3x1=3

1. fia fngh.
2. jhia nghWnt.
3. eyij brnth.
III. c nrJ vGJf. 3 x 1 = 3
j

1. UFw ygfhu gof ntoa f.

2. UtSt fg ghu jjh jiykffsht.
3. khkyu fhu fhgjFa fiy efuf MF.
31
31
 a _W br

weh}W
ehlhF xnwh; fhlhF xnwh;
mtyhF xnwh; irahF xnwh;
vt eyt Mlt
mt eiy; tha ynd! *
- xsitah

bghU
ynk! ehlhf Ujh vd? fhlhf Ujh vd? gskhf
Ujh vd? nklhf Ujh vd? vnf Mf eytfshf
Uwhfnsh mF eyjhf Uwh, ynk, thf!

brhbghU
xnwh - bjhlU brh. ehlhF xnwh - ehlhf Ujh vd
myJ ... vd bjhlU. mt - gs; ir - nkL; Mlt - Mf;
F kjfis bghJthf FjJ. eiy - eyjhf Uwh.
F
weh}W = w + ehF + W. vLbjhif fS xW weh}W.
, yt gy aa ghlf bjhF. vLbjhif gJghL
rf fsh. rf ya <uhu MLf giHik cilaJ.
jHf tuyhW, gghL Matiw ma cj yhf weh}W
fwJ.

Ma F
xsitah rf yt; makh eg. ma befia
makhl bgwt. rf fhy bg fP gy Ujd. mtfS
Fahd ghlf ghoat xsitah. rfghl ghoa xsitahU,
MNo ghoa xsitahU xUt my; ntW ntwhdt.

32
Jfij

izia oJ bjUthF!
cfh egh, eyjhdh? -
xJ thtJ rjhdh?
RL u RUFtjh? - c
Ragy cdF xLFtjh?
yh wnj ehbdW -
yg ntlh; beTl
dij nrjJjh - mJ
gia nghfiy?
fl ehxU JbaW -
fiuJ nght gabdd?
fl ehxU KbjW -
fhL; cj jiyF!
tjJ ahUF bjahJ -
thjij cyf mahJ;
rj Tl kwJL - c
ru ahUF idtU?
iz jhdh cnjr? - c
bjUbth nwah cDyf,
izia oJ bjUthF - c
bjUit nkY thF!
vjid cau kakiy! - m
bdhU fu cdJjiy!
vjid Pha wj jiu -
tfis l vdjil?
gJ vdiy? - c
fiH jJ thFiy!
eh bghGnj wgLnth - th
eyij v bragLnth!
- jhuhghu

Ma F : fP jhuhghu vGf fijf vGJt

tyt. Mauhf gaha t, jHf mu eyha
UJ bgwt. a oaf, J vf HF, jhuhghu
j

fijf Kjad tj fS y. t thj fhy

26.02.1947Kj 13.05.2000tiu.

33
33
 ciueil

nja fhj brk

gRbgh KJuhkf
ghuj ehL gHbgU ehL.
ehL mayt MF moik
glJ. moikjis FtjF
fU brU d gy.
jHf Ruka th,
t.nt.Ruka, fgnyhoa
jH t. c. jgu, thehj,
U Fku Kjnah
LjiyF ghLgld. tfS
xUt gRbgh KJuhkf.

w ts
uhkehju khtl
gRbgh vD C 1908M
ML mnlhg f Kgjh
eh wjt KJuhkf.
tUila jijah cu
ghoadh, jhah uh
mikah. t midia
sikny Hjh. jhnahL
mWRit co nghW. vD,
KJuhkfUF Ryha
bgk xUt jhah gho
tsjh. ghoah mgiz
t tsjh. gho o
tsj ehf tUF fj
Ma Fiwtw thjh vgt
Mth.

gf
KJuhkf j bjhlf
fia fK cs bjhlf
g jt ghahfl

34
bgwh; gRkiy caiy g y MLf gwh. d, t
Ia jt g gojh; uhkehju muR caiy g
gjh tF gojh. t uhkehju goJ bfhoUFnghJ,
mef ns neh guaJ; mjdh, tUila f wJ.

gJiw m
ggo whY nfait glit Fahf bgwh
KJuhkf. j, My Ma UbkhY tyik bgwh;
mbkhf brhbgh MW w bgwh; yg, Fiu Vw,
Jgh RLj, nrhl, kUJt Madtiw fwjh; siknyna
mua Mtbfhlh.

bghJbjho ehl
KJuhkf, sik Kjbfhnl bghJbjho <LghL fhodh.
t KguL f jkF brhjkhf Uj yfis cGj
jhjgl kfSF gL bfhLJ kjh.
t yHh xY, Mya EiH nghuhlY Kw u
Mth; rkg KiwF Cfkj bgUkfdhth. t fhy My
muR, Fw gugiu rl a kfS yiu xJ itUjJ;
md Ja fisa mUghLglh; mtfSila thif cafhf
nghuhodh; mjdh, Fw gugiuUJ mtfis Ljiy bgw
brjh.
jhjgltbfd t gy bjhLfis brJsh. t,
rhia wij ghJ kjid kj jhgLJtJ bgU
bfhLik; Mlt kj Fyijjh giljhnd ju rhia
wij my; rh wK muaYF iy; MfF iy
vd rhia g Tsh.

ehLgW
KJuhkf sikgUt ah, Mnya MF
cgoUjJ. t, j ehL Ljiy bgwntLbkd jah ntif
bfhoUjh.
t, tf fkhd nejh RghZ rungh mtfis j mua
tfhoahf bfhlh; jHf fkhdh. tUila ngY
_Y Ljiy cznt jJ.
j

35
35
 Ljiyngh fLikahf Uj ehf My muR, tlah
yfUF bjah KJuhkfUF thL rl nghlJ.
kfilna Ljiy ntifid Coat t. nja fhj brk
vd U. . fahz Rjudh tiu ghuhosh.
t gFbgw Ljiy nghuhlf gy. Rjju giu j
nlh tsnjh; fuh fhnjh vgJ ghu thF. jid
bkFkhW, t gy dfis VW LjiyF ciHjh. jh
<LgL Ljiy nghuhl gfSF ywth ilwhF vd
fUdh. vdnt, Ukz thid jjh.

mua thif
j mua thifY KJuhkf nkik bgUjh. njj
nghol IJKiw btthifna Nodh.
1937, 1946, 1952, 1957, 1962 Ma MLf eilbgw njjf
Kof t bgUj kfbrthif fhod. bjhL brtjnf
t, j bjhFF brWsh; njj sguF brwh y.

gyU nghW gghs

bjf, nja Ma uil U fzhf nghat
gRbghdh. t, `u yhj th ntfyhj uK
zhF vd vLJiujt. t rka rhnwhuhf fUjglh.
ntjhj ghf, uzt nfr, rkhf rlkhUj, J j rka
nkij vd gythwhf ghuhl bgwt. t midJ kjdlY
m g fhodh.
ntfhdj juhf, nejh jsgahf, rayuhf,
KUfgjuhf, Mf uuhf, jghL juhf, bjgho ik
KoNlh kduhf, tGth neikahsuhf, yik fyuhf, tik
ffhydhf, bfhil fzdhf, g gukAruhf, a jh
ekfdhf thjt KJuhkf.
rka, rKjha ga tUila jidf kjFyF
tfhLtd. w vgJ vtifY tuyh. jidna t,
gidkuUJ GJ iHjtD cL. ta tu tG GJ
wjtD cL vd Tsh. kj kdiyia U, kU,
bjU, mU vd FLwh.

36
kiw
IgijJ MLf thJ kf Kndwfhf ghLgl
bgUkfdh, 1963M ML mnlhg Kgjh eh aif vdh.
mjdh, t wj eh midt idY F ehshW.

idd
jehL muR, bgUkfdhiu nghWtif brid khef
tUila cUtiyid WsJ. miy WtgLs rhiyF
t bga NlgLsJ.
gRbgh KJuhkf thif tuyhW, ehLgid kj
ezfij kjneaid czJtjh sFwJ.

w jftf
KJuhkf UgF zf
06. 09. 1939 kJiuF nejh RghZ ru ngh
tUif jjh.

eLt muR 1995 KJuhkfUila

mrjiyia btL wjJ.

KJuhkf, j brhJf KGtij

17 ghffshf J, xU ghfij kL jdF
itJbfhL 16 ghffis 16 ngUF
dh rhrdkhf vG itjh.
j

37
37
Jizghl

vJ bga cik?
m~J xU ; xU
fhy brghf UjJ.
W, iyik khngh
lwJ; gr twL
lwJ. mj
nfho xU Foir.
ahnuh thJL
nghd Foir mJ. nghJ
mj Foir, UtUF
milfy jJsJ.
mUt xUt ghit
mwt; kwt fh
yhjt. mtfSF
iHf t vJiy.
khiy filbjU
_LnghJ mtf
brthf. a fh, f,
cz bghUfis kf
mtfSF jUthf.
mjid czth, mtf
cL thjd.
Mdh, gr tjwF,
filbjU bgUghY
milgnl lwJ.
vnghjhtJ wUjhY
j UtUF vJ
ilgiy. vdnt,
UtU bgUghY go
ljd.
bjhlJ IJeh
vJ ilfhk go
UjnghJ, UtU xU
KoF tjd.
mUtU j ciu
fhghbfhs vjid

38
bra Jjd. f bjahjtuh vts bjhiy jLjLkh
nghfKo? fh yhjtuh CJ vts bjhiytiu nghfKo?
gfUj taf vyh twL ljd.
bjhiy UjJ Cjiyt njhl. mtUbfW jgl
j tr! njhl, grY brUjJ. mnf brtbjW Ko
brjhf.
fh yhjtiu f Hjt RkJ brYj ntL. fh
yhjt tfhl f Hjt eljY ntL. ~J mtf
VghL.
tfhLtJ vaJ; Mdh, mjgo elgJ fod. f Hjt
_R thf eljh. vgonah Cjiyt njhlJF tJld.
CUF ahU beUf mR njhl mJ; oglh, mo cij cW!
njhl gHfS fhffS FJ ljd. fh yhjtiu
tunyna wL, f Hjt jLjLkh ngh ifF
mfgljid vLJ tjh.
ghit mwt, fh yhjtiu RkJbfhL FoirF Udh;
vLJ tjit uL _W ehSF nghJ.
beLehSF wF, mWjh mtf twhu cL cwdhf.
fhiy vGnghnj bgUTr mUtUF nflJ.
C Kr W, jiyt fbfhL Ujh, ahulh, v
njhl w Uodt?
Cnu iffo gaJ eLaJ; vd elFnkh? vW maJ.
ahU Uil xbfhs K tuhjjdh, Cjiyt,
njtij nfhYF ngh koL nto, njtijia CUF
miHJ tjh.
xbthUtU njtijK tJ cikia brhYj
ntL. Uoatiu njtij fLoJL; bgh brhdhY
fLoJL; jtW brjt fGij beJ bfhWL.
C kf xbthUtuhf tJ, jh Uliy vW thF_y
mjd. ahiu njtij bfhyiy.
Ungh ghitawtU fh yhjtU kLjh. Kj
ahUF mtf id tuiy; rblW idtu, Cjiyt
fdh.
j

mj buL gafis GJL thflh!

UtU jLjLkh tjd. C kfSF f fyaJ.

39
39
 njtijK, Kj f Hjt W brhdh: njtijna!
eh wFUl; vjid fbfhL ghf Koahjt. jiyt
njhlij eh ghjJ iy vwh. njtij mtiu vJ
braiy.
mLJ fh yhjt tjh. mkh! eh wnyna Klt;
elf khlhjt; jiyt njhl v fh glnt iy vwh. fh
yhjtiu njtij vJ braiy. mgoahdh, UoaJ ah?
C kfSF a! njtij, nfhiyL btna tj,
Fwthia jofhk U nghFkh?
mnghJ, vghuhj f xW eljJ. fQF bjahj U
iff Cjiyt fGij bejd.
Cjiyt RUL GJ wjh.
mgoahdh, Cjiytjh Uluh? bjd a!
MdhY, vyhF cSF k!
C kf njtijia beU, Cjiytiu bfhwJ V?
vW nfld.
njtij Fu cWah vbuhjJ.
a cikia g vdF mfiw iy. cikfnyna
bga cikiajh eh njLnt. Ulfisl Ul
oatfisna eh jong. C kf go lFnghJ, bkhj
cz bghUfis FJ itUgtjhnd bga Ul. Mfnt,
Fwthia jonj.
Mkh. mJ rjh... vwJ kf Tl.
(ehLw fij)

40
 yfzK bkhwD

I. xnth vGJF xU g
ah jid ciljJ?
t
-j ciuahl e LF mofo elwJ.
mt, mt, mt, t, t, t, mJ, J, mit,
it vD brhf, Fl kjiunah bghUisnah
Rofhl cjwd. go Robrhy cj
vGJf uL. mit m, .
tiw RblGJf vnwh. gHfhy
c vgJ RblGJjh. c vGJ, gy gfis
brjJ.
cJfh vwh, rW bjhiy gh vgJ
bghU.
cgf vwh, KJFgf vgJ bghU.
cg vwh, nkny vgJ bghU.
bghGJ, Robrhy eh c vGij
gagLJtJ iy.
mt, t, mJ, J vd RLtJ xUKiw.
miga
bg
L
vW RLnth. vd ntWghL? mt, mt
vD RLbrhf Mzh, bgzh vgjid
Ro brhLwd.
m, RblGJf jna W RLnghJ, M
bg midtiu bghJthf RLwd.
mJ, J, mj, j, mF, F vD
RLbrhfns W bgUtHfhld.
mjgf
j

jL

41
41
g
dhfSF RLbrhf L, il vGJf.
vJ c L?
v L.
ah c mz?
v mz.
c gTl vF csJ?
v gTl gf csJ.
II. v, ah, M, X, V.
mt brjh.
mtdh brjh.
uL bjhlfSF vd ntWghL?
Kj bjhl, xU br kLnk.
ulhtJ bjhl xU dhit vGwJ.
bria dh Ma vGJ vJ?
M
eh Vuhskh nffis nff M cjwJ.
ah? ehdh?
W gah? LKiwah?
dh vGtjF ntWy vGJfS csd.
mit: v, V, ah, X.
il vd?
V tjh?
ah mnf?
nah brjh?
III. V vGJF DbkhU g
V vGJ, dh nff kL gagLtJ iy.
mGj bfhLJ brhy gagLwJ.
mt brjh.
mtnd brjh.
ulhtJ brhbwhl mGj Vgl
fhuzkhdJ, V.

42
 ijna wjt.
cznt kUJ.
bghGJ, VF khwhf jhgagLJ tHfK
UwJ.
mtjh Kj tUth.
ijjh wjt.
IV. g
1. tU brhbwhlfis dh brhbwhlfshf
khWf.
m. ghoa eyt.
M. mJyh LF tJlh.
. fl bgaJ.
2. bghUjkhd dhbrhfis vGJf.
m. v dhF il ?
M. RWyhF bga bfhLUgtf
?
. cdF oj bghU ?
V. mfuKj fhQ g
mfuKjia ghJ vGJf tiria
eh mj ntL. m bjhlF j
cbuGJf tir cfSF bj myth?
mgoahdh, fhQ brhfis tirgL vGJf.
ViH, cyf, xsit, m, vUJ, Mir, Xa, <o,
isP, xW, Cf, IgJ.
1. m 7.
2. 8.
3. 9.
4. 10.
5. 11.
j

6. 12.

43
43
 tFgiwwf

1.ngRf.
jhuhghu fij tUbrhf it. tW
xW FJ E fUij IJ kJ ngRf.
m. Ragy M. jiyF
. iz <. bjU
c. fu
2. fUjhl brf.
ghit mwtU fh yhjtU njtijl
brhdJ cikah? bghah?
3. vGJf.
I. XU brhf il vGJf.
m. xsitah ghl mt vgj bghU
vd?
M. xsitah ghl lbgw bga vd?
. _W RblGJf W eh gagLjhj
RblGJ vJ?
<. brhYF mGj jU cbuGJ vJ?
c. miHjh njtij tU vgJ
eifah? cikah?
C. KJuhkf wj C vJ?
II. XU bjhlf vGJf.
m. vF y eyjhf UF?
M. g iy vd?
. bga Ul ah? V?
III. ehF tfSF fhk F vGJf.
m. xsitah ghl fUJ.
M. jhuhghu fij cdF oj fUJf.
. Fw gugiu rlK KJuhkf
nghuhlK.

44
4. vGJ isahL
m. Ma X vGij brhYj ntL.
(v.fh.) f vd Ma brhdJ clnd khztf f
bjhlF brh xwid jf Vo vGJj ntL.
(v.fh.) fg.
xnu brhiy Utnuh uLF nkgltnuh vGUjh,
mtf isahoUJ btnaWj ntL.
ahU vGjhj brhiy vGatf isaho bjhluyh.
mLJ, Ma ntW X vGij brhYj ntL.
W, bt bgWgtiu fLofyh.
vGJ brhf bgabrhfshf Uj ntL.
(J JJ brhfis vGJ khztfis Maf
isaho milahs fhzyh.)
M. khztfis W FGfshf j ntL.
FGf _tUFnk Uj TlhJ.
FGfSF m, j, g vgJngh vGjh bgaLj ntL.
vLJfhlhf, Ma xU FGF `m vD vGij
brhdJ, mj FG cWdf jf FG `m vG
bjhlF brhfis xU lF iuthf brhYj
ntL.
njngh xbthU FG brhYj ntL.
_W RWf tiu isahil bjhlUj ntL.
vj FG Fahd brhfis Tanjh mjFG btbgw
FGthf fUjgL.
I. bgabrhfisjh TWj ntL.
II. Ta brhiy L TWj TlhJ.
III. m FG vwh, m bjhlF brhfis kLnk
brhYj ntL.

m FG Mir vd Tdh jtW.
j FG jhtu vd Tdh jtW.

j

45
45
 thifwf

jhuhghu fij btgl fUJ. jdif bfh

vgJ. jdif bfhtj Kjgo, jid mtJ MF. cid
mJshah?
g - 1
c wikfis goa Lf.
vdF bj.
(v.fh.) to Xl bj, mHfhf vGj bj... dw.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.
(cl cs WW wikfis juhk FLj ntL.
njitba, jjhis gagLjyh.)
g - 2
fWbfhs U wfis goaLf.
eh Unw.
(v.fh.) nkilngR, f, eo...

1.

46
 2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
g - 3
cl cs Fiwfshf fUJtjid goaLf.
eh Uj idnw.
(v.fh.) rbld dbfhtJ, mGtJ, My ngr jaFtJ....

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
g - 4
c vfhy fdf vbdd? goaLf.
eh fd fhnw.
(v.fh.) brid ntiy brj ntL, mkhF eiff th
jUj ntL, kGJ thFj ntL... vgd nghy)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
j

47
47
 tsu braghLf
ngRj
braghL : 1 fyJiuahLj

kf nghW jiytuhtjF ca jFf vd vgjid c egfSl

fyJiuahLf.

braghL : 2 dhfSF ilaj

vJ bga cik? - Jizghl fhQ TWf ahUilait?

m. ahulh, v njhl w Uodt? [Cjiyt / njtij]

M. mkh! eh wnyna Klt; elf khlhjt; jiyt njhl v

fh glnt iy. [ghit Hjt / fh Hjt]

. njtijna! eh wFUl; vjid fbfhL ghf Koahjt;

jiyt njhlij eh ghjJ iy. [ghit Hjt / fh Hjt]

<. a cikiag vdF mfiw iy. cikfnyna bga

cikiajh eh njLnt. [Cjiyt / njtij]

eoj
braghL : 3 gnfW eoj

vJ bga cik? Jizghl tU ffS VnjD xwid

khztfis ehlfkhf eof brf.

l : Foir L gFbgWnth : ghitawt, fh Hjt

ghit mwt : D vjid ehjh go gah tho bfhoUgnjh...!

fh Hjt : vd brtJ? Cnu mgojh UwJ. vF ghjhY

fhJngh lwJ; jiyt njhl ju.

ghit mwt : m~bjgo, jiyt njhl kL gRikahf csJ?

fh Hjt : vgonah, mt njhlF kL j tr clh.

48
ghit mwt : mgobawh, mnjhl Fahd fhff
UFnk...... njhlF brW gJ tuyhkh?

fh Hjt : Inah...... jiytUF bjjh joghnu...!

ghit mwt : jofLnk..... gnahL wjiyl, tW iwa

cLL wfyh.

fh Hjt : r nghnth. elgJ elfL!

vGJj
braghL : 4 brhtjid vGJj

brhtjid vGJf.

1. vLbjhif 2. xsitah 3. gJghL

4. nkLgs 5. rf ya 6. bef

7. <uhu 8. MNo 9. bgfP

10. gghL

braghL : 5 brhyhw

ghliy iw brf.

kiy fuij bjhLtJ oF

khiy futid oF

F Fuiy oF

nfhit RitgJ oF

khiy elgJ oF

rhiy kgJ oF

Fj FgJ oF
j

nrJ vWnk oF

49
49
 braghL : 6 flj

fhQ dhf cs dh vGJfis flJ vGJf.

1. be Figf bgUFtjF fhuz vd?

2. be Figf gaghil jLgJ ah?

3. be igfis vgjdh clhF ikfis eh czuhjJ V?

4. be igfSF khwhf Jigfis gagLjyh, myth?

5. be bghUfis gagLjhj Cf cnlh?

6. be bghUf gaghil FiwgJ vthW?

dh v dh vGJ
1 v
2
3
4
5
6

fwyil W kL

kbg : 10
I. bghUJf. 3x1=3

1. xsitah - nja fhj brk

2.
jhuhghu - weh}W
3. KJuhkf - izia oJ bjUthF

II. ca ilia njbjLJ vGJf. 3x1=3

1. fl vJthf Uj ntL vW jhuhghu TWwh?

m. J M. KJ .

2. eLt muR KJuhkfUila mr jiyia btl ML

m. 1990 M. 1939 . 1995

50
 3. njtijah jofglt
m. Klt M. Cjiyt . ghitawt

III. fhQ bjhlf cs dh vGJfis vLJ vGJf. 4x1=4

1.
nklhf Ujh vd?
2. eyha UJ bgw fP ah?
3. RghZ rungh tUif jj C vJ?
4. njtij rah?

51
51
" vdh Ko, eh brnj"

52