QUIZ: Chapter 02

Due: 11:59pm on Wednesday, August 31, 2016

To understand how points are awarded, read the Grading Policy for this assignment.

Activity: Covalent Bonds

Click here to complete this activity.

Then answer the questions.

Part A
What type of bond is joining the two hydrogen atoms?

ANSWER:

hydrophobic
hydrogen
covalent
hydrophilic
ionic

Correct
A covalent bond is one in which electron pairs are shared.

Part B
A(n) _____ refers to two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
ANSWER:

community
molecule
ion
isotope
shell

Correct
A molecule is defined as two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Part C
This atom can form up to _____ single covalent bond(s).

ANSWER:

1
2
0
4
3

Correct
There are four electrons in the outermost electron shell.

Part D
A(n) _____ bond joins these two oxygen atoms.

ANSWER:

single covalent
ionic
hydrogen
quadruple covalent
double covalent

Correct
The oxygen atoms are sharing two pairs of electrons.

Activity: Hydrogen Bonds

Click here to complete this activity.

Then answer the questions.

Part A
The brackets are indicating a(n) _____ bond.

ANSWER:

ionic
single (nonpolar) covalent
hydrogen
hydrophobic
polar covalent

Correct
A hydrogen atom with a net positive charge is attracted to an oxygen atom with a net negative charge.

Part B
What name is given to the bond between water molecules?
ANSWER:

ionic
single (nonpolar) covalent
polar covalent
hydrogen
hydrophobic

Correct
A hydrogen atom with a net positive charge is attracted to an oxygen atom with a net negative charge.

Activity: Ionic Bonds

Click here to complete this activity.

Then answer the questions.

Part A
 Atoms with the same number of protons but with different electrical charges _____.
ANSWER:

are different isotopes

have different numbers of neutrons
are different ions
have different atomic numbers
have different atomic masses

Correct
Ions are charged atoms.

Part B
In salt, what is the nature of the bond between sodium and chlorine?
ANSWER:

hydrogen
polar covalent
hydrophobic
ionic
nonpolar covalent

Correct
Sodium and chlorine ions are attracted to each other.

Part C
What is the result of the animated process?
To view the animation, click here. Then click on the image to start the animation.
ANSWER:

a positively charged sodium ion and a negatively charged chlorine ion

a negatively charged sodium ion and a positively charged chlorine ion
covalent bond formation
a positively charged sodium ion and a positively charged chlorine ion
a negatively charged sodium ion and a negatively charged chlorine ion

Correct
Sodium loses an electron and thus becomes positively charged; chlorine gains an electron and thus becomes negatively charged.

Part D
An ionic bond involves _____.
ANSWER:
 no atoms other than sodium and chlorine
an attraction between ions of opposite charge
water avoidance
the sharing of a single pair of electrons
the unequal sharing of an electron pair

Correct
This is the definition of an ionic bond.

Activity: Nonpolar and Polar Molecules

Click here to complete this activity.

Then answer the questions.

Part A
Which of these figures correctly illustrates the nature of the bonding of H2O?

ANSWER:
 Correct
Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen.

Part B
What type of bond joins the carbon atom to each of the hydrogen atoms?

ANSWER:
 polar covalent
ionic
single (nonpolar) covalent
double (nonpolar) covalent
hydrogen

Correct
Each carbon-hydrogen bond involves a single pair of equally shared electrons.

Activity: Structure of the Atomic Nucleus

Click here to complete this activity.

Then answer the questions.

Part A
What is the atomic number of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons?
ANSWER:

0
18
6
12
-1

Correct
This is an atom of carbon, an element with 6 protons. Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.

Part B
Which of these refers to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses?
ANSWER:

These atoms have different numbers of protons.

These atoms have different numbers of electrons.
These atoms are isomers.
These atoms are isotopes.
These atoms are different elements.
 Correct
Atoms with the same atomic number and different atomic masses are referred to as isotopes.

Part C
Fluorine's atomic number is 9 and its atomic mass is 19. How many neutrons does fluorine have?
ANSWER:

28
19
9
81
10

Correct
Atomic mass is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons (19-9 = 10).

Part D
An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many protons does boron have?
ANSWER:

0
11
5
16
6

Correct
The atomic number is equal to the number of protons.

Learning through Art: Water Molecules and Hydrogen Bonding

Can you label the atoms, partial charges, and types of bonds associated with these water molecules?

Part A
Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in this diagram.

First use pink labels to identify the atoms and charges.

Then use blue labels to identify the bonds.

Labels can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

ANSWER:
 Correct

Activity: Acids, Bases, and pH

Click here to complete this activity.

Then answer the questions.

Part A
What is the arrow pointing to?

ANSWER:
 hydroxide ion
water molecule
electron
hydronium ion
hydrogen ion

Correct
The arrow is indicating a single proton, a hydrogen ion (H+).

Part B
What is the arrow pointing to?

ANSWER:

hydronium ion
proton
water
hydroxide ion
hydrogen ion

Correct
The arrow is indicating a hydroxide ion (OH-).

Part C
In a neutral solution the concentration of _____.
ANSWER:

water molecules is less than the concentration of hydroxide ions

hydrogen ions is greater than the concentration of hydroxide ions
hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions
water molecules is less than the concentration of hydrogen ions
hydrogen ions is less than the concentration of hydroxide ions

Correct
This is the definition of a neutral solution.

Part D
How does the pH of the solution on the right compare with that of the solution on the left?
 ANSWER:

The solution on the right is basic relative to the solution on the left.
The solution on the right is neutral relative to the solution on the left.
Both of these solutions are equally acidic.
Both of these solutions are equally basic.
The solution on the right is acidic relative to the solution on the left.

Correct
The solution on the right has a lower concentration of hydrogen ions relative to hydroxide ions than does the solution on the left.

Chapter 2 Reading Quiz Question 1

Part A
Substances that cannot be broken down into other substances are called __________.

Hint 1.
There are 92 types of these naturally occurring substances on Earth.

ANSWER:

neutrons
compounds
elements
protons

Correct
There are 92 naturally occurring elements on Earth.

Chapter 2 Reading Quiz Question 6

Part A
In an atom with a neutral overall charge, the number of protons is equal to the __________.

Hint 1.
Think about the charges of each atomic particle.

ANSWER:

number of electrons plus the number of neutrons

number of electrons minus the number of neutrons
number of electrons
atomic mass
 Correct
Each electron has a negative charge, and each proton has a positive charge. Thus, in a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the
number of protons.

Chapter 2 Reading Quiz Question 9

Part A
What is the term for an atom that is electrically charged as a result of gaining or losing electrons?

Hint 1.
This type of atom can bond to another by ionic bonds.

ANSWER:

molecule
compound
ion
isotope

Correct
Ions are atoms that are electrically charged as a result of gaining or losing electrons.

Chapter 2 Reading Quiz Question 13

Part A
The tendency of water molecules to stick together is called __________.

Hint 1.
This property is much stronger for water than for most other liquids.

ANSWER:

evaporative cooling
buffering
cohesion
adhesion

Correct
In general, cohesion refers to the tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together. For example, water molecules stick together as a result
of hydrogen bonding.

Chapter 2 Reading Quiz Question 15

Part A
 What is the pH inside most living cells?

Hint 1.
The pH scale runs from 0 to 14.

ANSWER:

pH 2
pH 14
pH 7
pH 0

Correct
The pH of most living cells is near the neutral pH of 7.

Chapter 2 Reading Quiz Question 16

Part A
A substance that resists changes in pH is referred to as a(n) _____.

Hint 1.
This type of substance is used to stabilize solutions.

ANSWER:

acid
base
solution
buffer

Correct
Buffers resist changes in pH by either accepting or donating hydrogen ions.

Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 100%.
You received 13 out of a possible total of 13 points.