Starting Guide

Version 3.1.1.0

Caspeo
3 avenue Claude Guillemin - BP 6009
45060 ORLEANS CEDEX 2 FRANCE
Tel: +33-238-643615
Fax: +33-238-259742
E-mail: info@caspeo.net

BRGM is the author of USIM PAC

Copyright BRGM 1986 2004, Caspeo 2004 2006
2 Starting Guide

USIM PAC 3.1

Starting Guide 3

TABLE OF CONTENT
Pages
1 - INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................4
1.1 - The Simulation based Approach....................................................................4
1.2 - Unit operation models ....................................................................................6
2 - GENERAL FEATURES OF USIM PAC......................................................................8
3 - INSTALLATION OF USIM PAC .................................................................................8
4 - CASE 6: A DESIGN CASE STUDY ...........................................................................9
4.1 - The Objectives ...............................................................................................9
4.2 - The Methodology ...........................................................................................9
4.3 - Step one: enter data ....................................................................................10
4.4 - Step two: define plant performance .............................................................15
4.5 - Step three: design the units of equipment ...................................................20
4.6 - Step four: estimate capital cost....................................................................24
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................26

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1 - INTRODUCTION
Since 1986, BRGM has been developing a powerful process simulation software package,
USIM PAC (Broussaud 1988; Durance et al. 1993; 1994; Guillaneau et al. 1997, Brochot et
al. 2002). It is a user-friendly steady-state simulator that allows mineral processing engineers
and scientists to model plant operations with available experimental data and determine
optimal plant configuration that meets production targets. The simulator can also assist plant
designers with sizing unit operations required to achieve given circuit objectives.
The software package contains functions that can manipulate experimental data, calculate
coherent material balances, sizes and settings of unit operations, physical properties of the
processed materials, simulate plant operation and display results in tables and graphs.
Widely used in industrial plant design and optimization, with more than one hundred fifty
licenses sold in thirty countries, this software has been continuously improved, through
successive versions, to make it more accurate, powerful and easier to use.
These last years have seen significant developments in mineral processing technologies,
particularly in hydrometallurgy, bio-hydrometallurgy (Czac et al. 1999; Brochot et al. 2000)
and mineral liberation. In addition, it is now necessary to take into account the environmental
impact at each stage of a mining project, including water and power consumption, waste
treatment and disposal (Sandvik et al. 1999; Guillaneau et al. 1999).
This new version of the simulator, USIM PAC 3.1, incorporates these modern developments.
Indeed, its structure and tools allow the user to take into account, at the same time, a wide
range of technological, economic and environmental aspects (Brochot et al. 2002).
The main features of USIM PAC 3.1 will be presented through the description of the design
and optimization methodologies. The significance of these features will be illustrated by an
example of design of a gold ore treatment plant.

1.1 - The Simulation based Approach

Process modeling and simulation are used at all stages in the life of a mineral processing
plant: from process development to site rehabilitation, including pre-feasibility and feasibility
studies, engineering design, plant commissioning, plant operation and upgrading right
through to decommissioning. From the beginning, the simulation-based approach describes
the behavior and performance of the future plant. This description will be more and more
precise owing to the capitalization of knowledge acquired through laboratory tests, pilot plant
campaigns and plant operation. There is a continuous exchange between reality and the
virtual plant constituted by its steady-state simulator.
A simulator combines the following elements (see Figure 1):
A flowsheet that describes the process in terms of successive unit operations and material
streams. This flowsheet encapsulates the experience of the engineers responsible for the
plant design or optimization. It can reflect various scenarios so they can be compared
against given criteria. It takes into account numerous plant features such as reagents
distribution, water recycling or waste treatment.
A phase model that describes the materials handled by the plant (raw material, products,
reagents, water, wastes) so that unit operations and plant performance, products and
reagents quality (grades and undesirable element level), waste characterization (e.g. long-

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term behavior) for environmental impact can be evaluated. The phase description is critical
for analyzing and optimizing the process. This statement reinforces the vital importance of
field data and sampling protocols.
A mathematical model for each unit operation. This model formalizes the current scientific
knowledge about the unit operation, and its level of complexity depends on the data available
and the targeted objectives (i.e. flowsheeting, unit operation sizing, or optimization). The
model parameters - dimensions, settings and calibration factors - are calculated or validated
from field data.
A set of algorithms for data reconciliation, model calibration, unit operation sizing, full
material balance calculation, power consumption and capital cost calculation. These
algorithms are interfaced with a set of data representation tools. As a result, the plant
simulator constitutes a highly efficient communication vector between the different actors
who play a part in the plant life.

PLANT FEED
MODELS

Feed rate
Feed size distribution
Feed mineral distribution

PLANT DESIGN

Flowsheet
Units of equipment
STEADY-STATE
SIMULATOR PLANT PERFORMANCE

Flowrates
Size distributions
Mineral distributions
Power draws

PLANT CAPITAL COST

Figure 1: Main functions of a steady-state simulator

Steady-state simulation does not compete with dynamic simulation: it is not a lower or higher
level of simulation. Whereas dynamic simulation is an essential tool for the design of
process-control strategies and a key element of advanced process-control systems,
steady-state simulation is an essential tool for plant design and pre-control optimization: it is
adequate to optimize the circuit design and the dimensions of the units of equipment before
the implementation of a process-control system.

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Figure 2: Main Window of the USIM PAC simulator

The simulator offers an array of powerful tools in response to the increasing demand for a
multi-criteria, global approach by plant designers. It takes into account a wide spectrum of
design criteria, including:
- Economic criteria such as capital cost, reagent and power consumption, production
quality in terms of valuable mineral grade or undesirable elements level;
- Technical aspects with the evaluation of various configurations and processing
technologies, a complete and detailed description of all material streams and their
behavior during process;
- Environmental factors such as water consumption and recycling, pollutant production or
waste treatment.
USIM PAC is a very flexible simulator (see Fig. 2). It can be used by process engineers for
plant design or optimization, researchers for process model development, as well as
academics for teaching process-engineering students.
The previous version, USIM PAC 3.0, already represented a significant milestone towards
integrating different industries through a global approach. It was possible to simulate
treatment from the mine through the metallurgical plant. Studies on a global approach in
urban waste management (Sandvik et al. 1999) or metal life cycle (Reuter 1998) already
used steady state process simulation techniques.
Version 3.1 goes further in that way. The material description has been enriched with
additional criteria that give capabilities to simulate processes in various field.

1.2 - Unit operation models

The main components of a simulator are:

1. The simulation software, per se, which enables communication between user and
simulator and co-ordination of calculations: as this is the only component visible to
the user, it is often called the "simulator".

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2. Mathematical models for unit operations, which constitute the core of the system,
albeit they are buried inside the simulator as modules.

INPUT
PLANT CAPITAL COST
Flowrates
Size distribution
Mineral distribution

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

MODELS

Output(s)

Flowrates
Size distributions
Mineral distributions
Power draws

Figure 3: Unit operation model

Various mathematical models can be associated with each unit operation drawn on the
flowsheet. Mathematical models calculate the output streams data from the input stream data
and model parameters (see Figure 3). These parameters can be equipment sizes, operating
conditions, physical properties, model adjustment parameters or simply performance criteria.
Depending upon the simulation objective and the data available, different mathematical
models can be used for the same piece of equipment. In USIM PAC, mathematical models
are divided into four levels:
- Level 0 models enable the user to specify directly the performance of the units. For
example, the performance of a classification unit can be modeled by a partition curve for
which the user specifies the bypass, the imperfection and the cut-size (d50). Such
models are also called flowsheeting models as they do not take into account any sizing
parameters. During the simulation, the performance of the unit will be independent of its
dimensions and the flowrate of the ore feeding it.
- Level 1 models take dimensional parameters into account. They require little (sometimes
no) experimental data. A typical example is a ball mill model, which uses only the Bond
Work Index as its single experimental parameter. If no data is available, it is even
possible to estimate the Work Index. Obviously the precision of such models is limited,
but they are simple to use.
- Models of higher levels are typically more accurate but they require the estimation of
some of their parameters. This estimation can be carried out either on the basis of
experimental data obtained from the continuous operation of the unit (level 2 models) or
from such data supplemented by information obtained from specific tests, generally
carried out in the laboratory (level 3 models).
Over 120 mathematical models are available in USIM PAC 3.1 covering a wide range of unit
operations from crushing to refining, from ore dressing to waste management. These include
comminution (SAG, Pebble/Rod/Ball mils, Liberation mill, SAM, etc.), classification
(Hydrocyclones, Screens, Rake/Spiral classifiers, etc.), concentration (Conventional/Column

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flotation, Gravity/Magnetic separation, etc.), hydrometallurgy (Leaching, Bioleaching, CIP,

CIL, Precipitation, Cementation, Solvent extraction, Electrowinning, etc.), solid/liquid
separation (Filtration, Sedimentation, etc.), waste treatment (Collection, Sorting, Incineration,
composting, etc.).

2 - GENERAL FEATURES OF USIM PAC

USIM PAC offers powerful and easy-to-use methods to help engineers reach their objectives.
It requires no special training in computing or modeling.
Basic functions of USIM PAC can be divided into plant modeling, data input, data processing
and different tools for data and results display. High level functions are also available for
configuration and incorporation of user defined functions.

USIM PAC runs under Windows 2000/XP. The minimum hardware is:
Pentium-based PC with 256 Mb RAM, 50 Mb of free disk space.
We recommend:
Pentium-based PC with 512 Mb RAM, 128 Mb of free disk space.

The advanced user of USIM PAC can create new icons to represent the devices on a
flowsheet, or new equipment simulation models. Models and icons are introduced in the form
of FORTRAN functions, which must respect a few simple, well-defined rules. These
subroutines must be compiled and linked with an object code module supplied with the
USIM PAC Development Kit. FORTRAN compiler and linker are provided with the program.

This flexibility makes it possible to satisfy the need of some USIM PAC users to insert their
own models in the software, as well as to provide a legal guarantee on the delivered object
code.

The user may also insert into the program completely new functions taking some or all of
their data from the USIM PAC files.

3 - INSTALLATION OF USIM PAC

The installation of USIM PAC from the CD Rom is done through a specific procedure,
designed to copy the disks to your hard disk and to create the required subdirectories.

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4 - CASE 6: A DESIGN CASE STUDY

4.1 - The Objectives

The example given here provides the opportunity to describe a general methodology, by
which a preliminary design and capital cost evaluation of a plant can be achieved in a few
hours with USIM PAC 3.1. It corresponds to a preliminary design of a comminution circuit in
the mineral processing industry. It is delivered with the software as the CASE6 tutorial.

The objective is to make a preliminary design of a gold-

grinding/classification/leaching/adsorption plant capable of treating 100 t/h of a gold ore with
95 % recovery.
Size distribution: 08 mm
Gold content: 7 ppm.
Specific gravity: 3.
Plant specifications are (see flowsheet fig. 7):
Primary grinding with a rod mill in open circuit.
Secondary grinding with a ball mill in closed circuit.
Classification by hydrocyclone with a circulating load from 150 % to 250 %.
Leaching tank series with d80 = 75 m for the feed.
CIP tank series with 50 ppm of gold in the recycled carbon.
Dewatering of the barren pulp in a thickener with water recycling for percent solids
regulation.
Laboratory tests give:
Work Index: 14 kWh/st.
Maximum recovery of gold by cyanidation: 98 %.
Leaching rate constant: 0.3 h-1 (assuming a first order kinetic).
Adsorption rate constant: 700, time constant: 0.3 (assuming the kn equilibrium
model).
Maximum percent solids after clarification: 70 %.
The following sections details the succession of steps used in preliminary plant design: plant
modeling with flowsheet drawing, phase model description and selection of mathematical
models for each unit operation, stream data input, direct simulation and unit sizing
algorithms, results display using graphs and sheets.

4.2 - The Methodology

Figure 4 shows the five steps of the methodology followed. Steps one and two aim at
defining the way the plant designer wishes the plant to perform. Step three consists of finding
units of equipment able to achieve the plant performances defined during step two. Finally
steps four and five produce information and documents necessary to present the
prefeasibility study. The whole approach, including report generation and printing, requires
less than a day for a mineral processing engineer.

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Objective
Pre-feasibility study

Conventional flowsheet
hypothesis

USIM PAC
simulation of the plant using Laboratory experimentation:
-measurement of Bond index
simple models without equipment
- mesurement of flotation kinetics
dimensioning

USIM PAC
dimensioning the equipment for
the plant
USIM PAC technical results
printout of a full report
with flowsheet, graphs and
tables

USIM PAC
simulation of the full operation of the plant.
Comparisons between several possible flowsheets
USIM PAC economical results
calculation of the approximate
capital cost of the main
equipment and the overall cost
of the plant

Figure 4: Methodology for a preliminary design

4.3 - Step one: enter data

Draw plant flowsheet

The Flowsheet Drawing option of USIM PAC is used to draw or modify a flowsheet; it is
entirely graphic and icon driven (see Fig. 5).
The arrow is used to select functions in the Toolbox with the mouse (see Fig. 6) and to
position equipment icons, material streams or texts on the screen. The Unit button opens the
icon library organized in groups of icons, depending on their function.
The created flowsheets are not simply saved as drawings: they are also analyzed and error
messages are displayed if the flowsheet is not physically comprehensible. Flowsheets can
be displayed on the screen, modified using the Flowsheet Drawing option, or plotted on
paper using File\Print... option.
The user can position the equipment on the flowsheet in any order. If required, Automatic
Renumbering options can be used to renumber the equipment and/or the streams in a
logical order. Manual Renumbering is also available for streams and units in floating menus
that can be obtained by a click on the right mouse button over a stream or a unit number.

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Figure 5: Screen drawing plant flowsheet

Figure 6: Tools box of the flowsheet drawing option

Any flowsheet can be copied and pasted through the clipboard. A copy of the described
flowsheet is presented on Figure 7.
9

Feed

1 17 16 OF

8
Rod mill Rof mill
Cyclone feed
feed product
Recycled
4 7 water
2 3 5 6
14
1
3
2 4 5 6
Leached pulp
Feeder Rod mill Hydrocyclone 10
Rod mill Hydrocyclone Leaching
regulator
regulator Barren
pulp
Ball mill 20
product UF
9
12
7
Ball mill
feed CIP
Preliminary design 8
19 11
Grinding/Leaching/CIP 18
13
11 Thickener
10 15
Ball mill
Ball mill
regulator
Tailings
Unloaded Loaded
carbon carbon

Figure 7: Flowsheet of the gold ore grinding circuit

Describe phase model

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12 Starting Guide

For this case study, the ore is described in terms of a size distribution for grinding and
classification and a global gold content for leaching. The predefined phase named Gold ore
fits this description. The other phases present in the process are the water used for wet
treatment and leaching and the carbon used for the CIP stage. These phases are described
by their gold content (see Figures 8, 9 and 10).

Figure 8: Description of the phase model

The units used above can be configured and adapted to the units used in the plant.
For a given project, the user of the program must define a phase model - i.e. he must decide
how to represent the material in the streams: the number of particle-size classes and the
corresponding mesh sizes, the number and names of the minerals or mineral groups, with
their specific gravities. The user can define types of mineral particles, and/or the flowrates of
flotation reagents associated with the slurry stream. Specific gravity of gold (19) is not
considered in this case as the gold is finely disseminated in the ore. It will behave in the
process (grinding, classification etc.) as the ore. That is why its specific gravity has been set
up as the same value this of its support.

Figure 9: Description of the phase model - particle size

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Figure 10: Description of the phase model composition for the three phases

In this case, connections between phases are defined. They represent the capability of gold
to transfer from one phase to another (Ore to Solution through leaching, Solution to carbon
through adsorption see fig. 11 & 12).

Figure 11: Connections to represent possible gold transfers

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Gold Ore

Carbon

Leaching water

Gold transfer

Figure 12: Phase model

Solid/liquid pairs of phases can also be defined to describe the streams in terms of pulp
flowrate (see fig. 13).

Figure 13: Solid/liquid pair definition

Describe plant feed

The feed streams are described using the Stream Description option of the Data menu of
the main Window.

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The input interface for the stream data follows the phase model structure. It gives, stream by
stream, the list of phases and solid-liquid pairs (see Figure 14).
Available data for each phase are the mass flowrate, the volumetric flowrate and the density;
if they are known, the component grade and the size distribution for the ore phase.
Depending on the study, stream density may be required and descriptions such as
composition by size classes or floating ability by component can be necessary.
Available data for each solid-liquid pair are the pulp mass flowrate, the pulp volumetric
flowrate and density if they are known and the percent solids. For a given solid-liquid pair,
only two values among both phase flowrates, pulp flowrate and percent solids are necessary.
The other two are calculated. Size distribution can be input using individual % passing or
cumulative % passing or retained.

Figure 14: Stream data entry

4.4 - Step two: define plant performance

Define performance for each unit operation

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This step obviously requires some expertise from the software user. The time has not yet
come when the software is able to define relevant performances for each unit operation from
such a general objective as "required circuit performance: d80 = 60 m at the hydrocyclone
overflow". In the present application, the software user (plant designer) suggests the
following local objectives, using level 0 models (see Table 1).

Table 1 Level 0 models

Units Models and main parameters Values

#1 Feeder Mixer (0)
#2 Rod mill regulator Density Regulator (0)
Percent solids at regulator output (%) 70
#3 Rod mill Mill (0A)
d80 at the mill discharge (mm) 1
#4 Hydrocyclone Density Regulator (0)
regulator
Percent solids at regulator output (%) 40
#5 Hydrocyclone Hydrocyclone (0B)
Short circuit of fines (%) 25
d80 of output fine stream (mm) 0.075
Corrected partition curve imperfection 0.3
#6 Leaching Leaching (0)
Leached percentage per component of ore and 95
solid phases (%) Gold
#7 CIP CIP Carbon-In-Pulp (0)
Adsorbed percentage per component of the 95
liquid phase (%) Gold
#8 Thickener Solid/Liquid Separator (0)
Percent solids of the slurry stream (mass %) 70
#9 Splitter Liquid Split (0)
Maximum flowrate of liquid to the specified 180
output (t/h)
#10 Ball mill regulator Density Regulator (0)
Percent solids at regulator output (%) 55
#11 Ball mill Mill (0A)
d80 at the mill discharge (mm) 0.25

The Equipment Description option of the Data menu is used to enter model selection and
parameters for each unit operation (see Fig. 15).

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Figure 15: CIP Carbon-In-Pulp (0) mathematical model parameters

Run a Level 0 simulation

The ideal description of all the streams is calculated by the direct simulation algorithm from
the feed description using the selected performance models. This preliminary material
balance predicts a first estimate of:
The circulating load in the grinding circuit,
The recycling level of water and the fresh water consumption,
The d80 and the gold content for each stream, and
The overall gold recovery.
The user can impose a maximum number of iterations and a convergence criterion or he
may use default values proposed by the software (see Fig. 16).

Figure 16: Direct simulation starting box

The USIM PAC simulation algorithm is iterative. The output stream(s) from each unit of
equipment is(are) calculated by the unit operation model as a function of the feed streams.
The number of iterations completed is permanently displayed.
For each iteration, all the calculated flowrates are compared with the values from the
previous iteration. Convergence is achieved when the sum of all the least square differences
becomes less than the convergence criterion.
Verify the validity of simulation results
The Level 0 simulation calculates flowrates and particle-size distributions for all streams of
the circuit. The plant designer must check that the values are consistent with the way he
anticipates the plant will perform. In the present case, it is important to verify that the
circulating load is realistic.
The Simulation Results are displayed in different ways by the options of the Results menu:
The Simulation Results \ Global Sheet option displays the solids and water flowrates and
the overall mineral composition of the stream (see Fig. 17). This table is fully configurable
and various types of variables can be displayed. We can check on the following table that:

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18 Starting Guide

circulating load in the grinding circuit is 204%;

d80 of the cyclone underflow is 75m
gold recovery is over 95% (635.6/665)
addition of water is 35.7 m3/h (53.7+50.1-68.1). Recycling 210 t/h of water to the
hydrocyclones (with splitter 9) will optimize water addition.

Figure 17: Display of the global results

There are seven distinct forms of graphical representations: size distribution, size partition,
density distribution, density separation and split curves, and stream and component bar
graphs. These graphs are entirely configurable. Some predefined graphs can be drawn
directly from the flowsheet popup menu. It is possible to draw the size distributions of all
solid components directly from a stream submenu. Furthermore, size partition and split
curves can be drawn directly from a unit operation submenu.
Figure 18 gives an example of a graph showing the size distribution curves for the
hydrocyclone feed, overflow and underflow streams.

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Figure 18: Size distribution curves of the cyclone feed, overflow and underflow

Figure 19 gives the gold partial flowrate in each phase and each stream as a bar graph. It
clearly indicates the amount of gold in the grinding circulating load or in the recycled water as
well as the phase transfer between ore and water and then between water and carbon.

Figure 19: Stream bar graph of the gold partial flowrates

This ideal material balance will be used as the new objective, called target, during the
equipment sizing stage. Full stream description can be displayed using the stream data entry
interface, the stream overview sheet or more synthetically with graphics and global results.

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4.5 - Step three: design the units of equipment

Select Level 1 or Level 2 unit operation models

Target.UP3 file needs to be saved as Design1.UP3. Then, the Equipment Description
option is used to replace the Level-0 models with Level-1 or Level-2 predictive models, and
to specify some characteristics of the equipment (see Table 2).

Table 2 Level 1 and 2 models

Units Models and main parameters Values

#3 Rod mill Rod Mill (1)
Number of mills in parallel 1
???? Inside mill diameter (m) 2.7
Length/diameter ratio 2
Percent volumetric loading of rods 35
Fraction of critical speed 0.7
Rod specific gravity 7.8
Work index per component (kWh/st) 14
#5 Hydrocyclone (2)
Hydrocyclone
Number of hydrocyclones in parallel 2
???? Cyclone diameter: D (m) 0.659
???? Distance between the underflow and overflow 2.646
nozzles / D
???? Diameter of the feed nozzle / D 0.316
???? Diameter of the overflow nozzle / D 0.325
???? Diameter of the underflow nozzle / D 0.204
#6 Leaching Leaching (1A)
???? Tank volume (m3) 940
Number of tanks in series 6
Maximum recovery per component of ore and solid 98
phases (%) Gold
Rate constant per component (1/h) Gold 0.3
#7 CIP CIP Carbon-In-Pulp (1)
Number of tanks in series 6
Tank volume (m3) 500
Rate constant per component of the liquid (<0 if 700
desorbed) Gold
Time constant per component of the liquids Gold 0.3
???? Mean residence time of the carbon in one tank (h) 8.1

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#11 Ball mill Ball Mill (1)

Number of mills in parallel 1
???? Inside mill diameter (m) 3.8
Length/diameter ratio 1.2
Percent volumetric loading of balls 40
Fraction of critical speed 0.7
Ball specific gravity 7.8
Work index per component (kWh/st) 14

Parameters preceded by ???? are calculated by the unit sizing algorithm. The associated
value is the result.
The Rod Mill (1) and Ball Mill (1) models are based on the energy-based theories of grinding
and in particular on Bonds law and the Allis Chalmers methods for dimensioning grinding
mills (Rowland and Kjos, 1978). The choice was made to use one rod mill and one ball mill
with predefined conditions such as mill shape, grinding media loading and speed. Only the
diameter will be calculated to fit the target size distribution.
The Hydrocyclone (2) model is based on the empirical equations established as a result of
experimental work (Plitt, 1976). This model accounts for the roping effect. The number of
cyclones is fixed to 2 regarding the volumetric feed rate of pulp (around 530m3/h). The
dimensions of the hydrocyclones are calculated. First, by scanning the diameter is
determined. Then, using the Polytope algorithm, all dimensions are adjusted to meet the
objective.
The leaching (1A) model uses a first order kinetic equation for the gold transfer in solution
using a maximum recovery and a constant rate (McLaughlin and Agar 1991). The leaching
tank icon represents a series of 6 tanks for which the volume is determined to achieve the
95 % gold recovery.
The CIP (1) model is derived from the kn model (Fleming, Nicol, and Nicol 1980). The CIP
icon represents a series of 6 tanks with a counter-current carbon flow. The tank volume is
fixed to an arbitrary volume and the residence time of carbon is adjusted to achieve the 95 %
gold recovery. It is then possible to calculate the volume of carbon in the tank and hence the
tank volume from the ideal carbon concentration in pulp.
Design each unit of equipment
The calculation of equipment size parameters is performed using an optimization algorithm,
which finds the set of parameters that gives output streams that most closely match the
target data set (see Figure 20). A set of various objective functions is used to compare
calculated and target output streams more precisely (Brochot et al. 2002).
After calculation of all unit sizing parameters, a direct simulation is performed to update the
material balance with the adjusted models. It is then possible to compare these results with
the target using the different graphic tools. A final direct simulation can be performed after
changes are made to the unit sizing parameters to reflect available equipment from vendors
and the results are compared to the original objectives.

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Figure 20: Unit of equipment sizing

Run a Level 1 simulation

It is now possible to run the Direct Simulation again and to predict the detailed operation of
the plant, using the Level 1 and Level 2 predictive models, which take into account the
selected size(s) of the units of equipment.
As the models are predictive, not only the flowrates and particle-size distributions are
calculated for each stream, but also the power draws of the mills and the pressure drop in
the hydrocyclones. These values are displayed the Operating parameter Display and the
Calculated Power Consumption options (see Fig. 21).

Figure 21: Display of the operating parameter file

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Starting Guide 23

At the end of this step, it is recommended to verify the consistency of the results of the
simulation again using the Results and Graphs menu. Figure 22 shows a comparison
between the objective and the simulated values for the Gold partial flowrates. Figure 23
shows a comparison of the targeted partition curve and the simulated one.

Figure 22: Comparison of the gold partial flowrates

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24 Starting Guide

Figure 23: Comparison of objective and simulated partition curves.

4.6 - Step four: estimate capital cost

Each situation simulated using the Direct Simulation option can be followed by a calculation
of the approximate capital cost of the plant: the user calls the Investment Capital Cost
Estimation option and starts by selecting the currency (see Fig. 24), for example 2006 .

Figure 24: Currency Selection

He may then be required to indicate values for various parameters not entered for the
simulation. This option provides a cost report (see Fig. 25) containing:
A list of the costs of the main units of equipment, and the total purchase cost of the
equipment, excluding transport and installation.

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A table in which various ratios are applied to this purchase cost to provide a budgetary
breakdown of the total plant investment.

Figure 25: Cost report

The configuration possibilities are numerous, using the Cost menu, due to the variability of
the economic factors. The Marshall and Swift mining equipment index, published in the
"Chemical Engineering" review, can be updated (see Fig. 26).

Figure 26: Marshall and Swift index configuration

The cost-calculation models of USIM PAC are based mainly on the work of Mular [1982]
updated using the experience of some software users.

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REFERENCES

Brochot, S., Wiegel, R.L., Ersayin, S., Touze, S., "Modeling and Simulation of Comminution Circuits
with USIM PAC", 2006, Advances in Comminution, Ed. S.K. Kawatra, SME, pp 495-511.

Brochot, S., Durance, M.-V., Villeneuve, J., Mugabi, M., "Modelling of the bioleaching of sulphide ores:
application for the simulation of the bioleaching / gravity section of the Kasese Cobalt Company
Ltd process plant", 2003, Processing & Disposal of Mineral Industry Wastes '03 conference,
Falmouth, UK, June 18-20.

Brochot, S., Villeneuve, J., Guillaneau, J.-C., Durance, M.-V., Bourgeois, F., "USIM PAC 3: Design
and Optimization of Mineral Processing Plants from Crushing to Refining ", 2002, Mineral
Processing Plant Design, Practice and Control, Ed. A.L. Mular, D.N. Halbe & D.J. Barratt, SME,
pp. 479-494.

Villeneuve, J., Michel, P., Wavrer, Ph., Brochot, S., Lemire, B., "La recherche europenne fabrique
les outils d'une meilleure gestion globale des dchets", 2002, Environnement & Technique, juin
2002, n217, pp 31-34.

Brochot, S., Durance, M.-V., Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., "USIM PAC 3.0: New features for a
global approach in mineral processing design", 2002, Application of computers and operations
research in the mineral industry, Ed. Sukumar Bandopadhay, SME, pp. 465-478.

Brochot, S., Durance, M.-V., Foucher, S., Guillaneau, J.-C., Morin, D., Villeneuve, J., "Process
simulation to enhance complex flowsheet development: examples in biotechnology", 2000, SME-
Control 2000 Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA - February 28-March 1.

Brochot, S, Czac, P., Durance, M.-V., Fourniguet, G., Guillaneau, J.-C., Morin, D., Villeneuve, J.
Simulation of Biotreatments in complex mineral processes XXI IMPC Rome, July 2000,
proceedings pp. A3-108-119. [2000b]

Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J. , Bodenan, F., Brochot, S., Durance, M.-V., Hergibo, P.-L., Piantone,
P., Sandvik, K., Vedrine, H., Wavrer, P. Urban Waste Management: From characterization to
process evaluation , French-Egyptian Symposium on Water and Waste Management and
Treatment , Cairo, Egypt, January 17-18-19, 2000 [2000a]

Czac, P., Truong-Meyer, X. M., Joulia, X., Brochot, S., Morin, D., A New Modelling Approach of
Bioleaching Process, 1999, CDROM of the ECCE2, Second European Congress of Chemical
Engineering, 5-7 Oct. 1999, 8 pp, Montpellier, France. [1999f].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Morin, D., Durance, M.-V., Morizot, G., Biotechnology and process simulation: ore
processing in ecology friendly conditions, Proceedings of the third World Mining Environment
Congress, pp74-84, 1999, Moscow, Russian Federation. [1999e].

Villeneuve, J., Conil, P., Fourniguet, G., Hergibo, P. L., Simulation Methods to Analyse the Treatment
of a Polluted Soil Size Classification and Hydrocarbons Recovery, 1999, CDROM of the
ECCE2, Second European Congress of Chemical Engineering, 5-7 Oct. 1999, 8 pp, Montpellier,
France. [1999d].

Sandvik, K. L., Villeneuve, J., Durance, M.-V., Vdrine, H., Development of a Mineral Processing
Program as a tool for optimal decision in Waste Treatment, 1999, Proceedings of the
REWAS99, Global Symposium on Recycling, Waste Treatment and Clean Technology, 5-9 Sept.
1999, Vol 1, pp 55-64, San Sebastian, Spain. [1999c].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Brochot, S., Durance, M.-V., Villeneuve, J., Fourniguet, G., Vdrine, H., Sandvik, K.,
Reuter M., From mineral processing to waste treatment: an open-mind process simulator, CIM
1999, Qubec, Canada [1999b]

USIM PAC 3.1

Starting Guide 27

Guillaneau, J.-C., Morin, D., Durance, M.-V., Morizot, G., Biotechnology and process simulation: two
tools to develop environmentally friendly processes of ores, 1999, Proceedings of the GME99,
Beijing, China. [1999a]

Durance, M.-V., Villeneuve, J., Guillaneau, J.-C., "Optimisation des ateliers de classification", 1998,
Revue de l'Industrie Minrale, Les techniques, Vol. V/98, supplment dcembre 1998, pp. 85-
93. [1998.b].

Villeneuve, J., Guillaneau, J.-C., "Mthode danalyse des performances de la classification

granulomtrique dun sol pollu", 1998, Revue de l'Industrie Minrale, Les techniques, Vol. V/98,
supplment dcembre 1998, pp. 65-69. [1998.a].

Mouvet, Ch., Artignan, D., Brochot, S., Chiles, J.-P., Coste, B., Negrel, Ph., Pauwels, H., "Variabilit
des milieux : illustrations, implications... solution ?", 1997, Les Cahiers des Clubs CRIN,
Surveillance de lEnvironnement, Paris, 1997. [1997.e].

Fourniguet, G., Villeneuve, J., Rocchia, L., Vdrine, H., Brochot, S., Guillaneau, J.-C., "Analyse par
bilans matire dun procd hydromtallurgique de recyclage de dchets daciries lectriques",
1997, 6e Congrs Franais de Gnie des Procds, Paris, 24-26 septembre 1997 [1997.d].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., Durance, M.-V., Brochot, S., Fourniguet, G., Durand, H., "From
Sampling to Simulation: the BRGM range of Software for Process Analysis", 1997, Minerals
Engineering Annual Meeting, Santiago, Chile - July 29-August 1, 1997. [1997.c].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., Durance, M.-V., Brochot, S., Fourniguet G., Vdrine, H., Wavrer, P.,
Le Guirriec, E., Logiciels daide lanalyse des procds, Memento des Mines et Carrires,
nouvelle srie n3, 1997, pp. 376-396. [1997.b]

Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., Durance, M.-V., Brochot, S., Fourniguet, G., Durand, H., "A range of
Software for Process Analysis", 1997, SME Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado - February 24-27,
1997, preprint # 97-202. [1997.a].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., Desbiens, A., Hodouin, D., Arnaud, J.-M., Fauvel, M., Charret, B.,
Maldonado, A., Blot, G., Poiraud, E., Terray, M., Serbon, J.-C., Delubac, G., Broussaud, A.,
Guyot, O., Soderman, P., Storeng, U., Samsog, P.O., "Optimisation des installations de broyage",
1996, Revue de l'Industrie Minrale, Les techniques, Vol. III-IV/96, supplment novembre 1996,
pp. 176-212. [1996.i].

Pouthier, G., Georgeaux, A., Gourdou, J., Dodds, J., Arigon, Ch., Wavrer, Ph., Clin, F., Vdrine, H.,
"Contrle de la production", 1996, Revue de l'Industrie Minrale, Les techniques, Vol. III-IV/96,
supplment novembre 1996, pp. 102-116. [1996.h].

Bergounioux, M., Brochot, S., Le Guirriec, E., "Mthodes SQP-Lagrangiennes Appliques la

rconciliation de donnes ", mai 1996, Rapport de lUniversit dOrlans, Dpartement de
mathmatiques, URA 1803 - CNRS, Orlans. [1996.g].

Czac, P., Truong Meyer, X.M., Joulia, X., Villeneuve, J., Morin, D., "Approche thermodynamique pour
la caractrisation du milieu de la lixiviation biologique d'une pyrite cobaltifre", 1996, Colloque
SIMO 96, Rcents progrs en gnie des procds, Vol 10, n 49, pp 357-363, Toulouse,
Octobre. [1996.f].

Villeneuve, J., Guillaneau, J. -C., Martin, M. A. S., Lopes, G. S., "SAG Mill Modelling in USIM PAC 2:
Example of the CVRD Igarap Bahia Circuit", 1996, Proceedings of the International Autogenous
and Semi Autogenous Grinding Technology 1996 Conference (SAG'96), Vancouver, Canada,
October 6-9. [1996.e].

Villeneuve, J., Durance, M. V., Guillaneau, J.-C., Brochot, S., Fourniguet, G., "Conception et
adaptation de la production de granulats par simulation", 1996, Congrs de la Socit de
l'Industrie Minrale, Montpellier, 1-4 octobre 1996 [1996.d]

USIM PAC 3.1

28 Starting Guide

Villeneuve, J., Durance, M. V., Guillaneau, J. -C., Santana, A. N., Silva, R. V. G., Martin, M. A. S.,
"Advanced use of column flotation models for process optimisation", 1996, Proceedings of the
International Symposium on Column Flotation (COLUMN'96), Montral, Canada, August 25-29.
[1996.c].

Schena, G., Villeneuve, J., Nol, Y., "A Method for a financially efficient design of cell-based flotation
circuits.", International Journal of Mineral Processing, April 1996, Vol 46, Nos 1-2, pp 1-20.
[1996.b]

Le Guirriec, E., Bergounioux, M., Brochot, S., "Modlisation et rsolution de problmes de bilan
matire statistiquement cohrent", 1996, Communication aux Quatrimes Journes du groupe
MODE de la SMAI, Mars 1996, Limoges, France. [1996.a].

Brochot, S., Durance, M.V., Fourniguet, G., Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., "Approche objet en
simulation - application la simulation des procds de traitements des matires minrales.",
1995, XVIIme Confrence Internationale des Industries de Procds,.Interchimie 95, Paris.
[1995.h].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., Brochot, S., Durance, M.-V., Fourniguet, G., "The Supervisor of
Simulation: a step further to meet the Process Engineer Needs.", 1995, Proceedings of the XIX
International Mineral Processing Congress, San Francisco, USA, October 22-27. [1995.g].

Brochot, S., Durance, M.-V., Fourniguet, G., Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve J., "Modelling of the
Minerals Diversity: a Challenge for Ore Processing Simulation", 1995, Proceedings of the 1995
EUROSIM Conference, EUROSIM95, pp. 861-866, Vienna, Austria. [1995.f].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Olofsson, O., Durance, M.-V., Villeneuve, J., Modelling the Sala Agitated Mill
(SAM) using BRGM Pilot Plant Data., 1995, Proceedings of the APCOM XXV 1995 Conference,
July, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 325-331. [1995.e]

Le Guirriec, E., Brochot, S., Bergounioux, M., "An Augmented Lagrangian Method for Problems
Arising in Mineral Processing.", 1995, Proceedings of the 17th IFIP TC7 Conference on System
modelling and Optimization, Vol. 1, pp. 65-68, July, Prague, Czech Republic. [1995.d].

Villeneuve, J., Guillaneau, J.-C., Durance, M.-V., "Flotation modelling: a wide range of solutions for
solving industrial problems.", 1995, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 8, n4/5, April/May 1995, pp. 409-
420, Elsevier Science Ltd. [1995.b]

Morizot, G., Guillaneau, J.-C., "Role of Modelling and Simulation in the development of new
Processes.", 1995, International Minerals and Metals Technology 1995, pp. 144-149. [1995.a].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., Durance, M. V., Brochot, S., Fourniguet, G., "Modlisation du
concassage.", 1994, Revue de l'Industrie Minrale, Les techniques, Vol. 76, supplment
dcembre 1994, pp. 67-73. [1994.h].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., Durance, M. V., Brochot, S., Fourniguet, G., "Optimisation des
installations de concassage : simulation des procds.", 1994, Revue de l'Industrie Minrale, Les
techniques, Vol. 76, supplment dcembre 1994, pp. 114-118. [1994.g].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Durance, M. V., Libaude, J., "Exemple d'optimisation par simulation : concassage
secondaire d'un minerai d'or.", 1994, Revue de l'Industrie Minrale, Les techniques, Vol. 76,
supplment dcembre 1994, pp. 127-130. [1994.f].

Villeneuve, J., Guillaneau, J.-C., Durance, M.-V., 1994, "Modlisation des sparations solide/liquide
dans l'industrie minrale.", Recueil des confrences du congrs Interfiltra 1994, Novembre, Paris,
pp. 284-293. [1994.e]

Durance, M.-V., Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., Brochot, S., Fourniguet, G, 1994, "USIM PAC 2 for
Windows: advanced simulation of mineral processes.", Proceedings of the 5th International

USIM PAC 3.1

Starting Guide 29

Mineral Processing Symposium, September, Cappadocia, Turkey, A. A. Balkema, pp. 539-547.

[1994.d]

Durance, M.-V., Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., Brochot, S., Fourniguet, G., 1994, "USIM PAC 2 for
Windows, the new process engineers' partner to design and optimize industrial plants.",
Proceedings of the first regional APCOM, June, Bled, Slovenia, pp. 303-312. [1994.c]

Villeneuve, J., Guillaneau, J.-C., 1994, "Modelling and Simulation of Comminution", communication
presented at the ICRA workshop, May, Stockholm, Sweden. [1994.b].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., Durance, M.-V., Brochot, S., Fourniguet, G., 1994, "Simulation
Improvements in Mineral Processing", communication presented at the first International
Symposium on Complex Ores Utilization, May, Saint Petersburg, Russia. [1994.a].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Allix, J., Arnaud, J.-M., 1993, "Optimisation des installations de concassage :
simulation, commande et rglage automatique des quipements.", communication presented at
the SIM Annual Meeting, October, Grenoble. [1993.f].

Durance, M.-V., Guillaneau, J.-C., Libaude, J., 1993, "Optimisation d'une usine de traitement de
minerai par simulation du fonctionnement et des caractristiques des flux : exemple de la mine
d'or de Shila (Prou)", communication presented at the SIM Annual Meeting, October, Grenoble.
[1993.e].

Durance, M.-V., Guillaneau, J.-C., Libaude, J., Villeneuve, J., 1993, "Simulation-Based optimization of
plants: a practical tool for the mineral industry.", Communication presented at the CIM
Metallurgical Society Annual Meeting, August, Qubec, Canada. [1993.d].

Durance, M.-V., Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., Fourniguet, G., Brochot, S., 1993, "Computer
Simulation of Mineral and Hydrometallurgical Processes: USIM PAC 2.0, a Single Software from
Design to Optimization.", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Modelling, Simulation
and Control of Hydrometallurgical Processes, August 24-September 2, Qubec, Canada, pp.
109-121. [1993.c].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., Durance, M.-V., Guyot, O., 1993, "Computer-aided Design and
Optimization of Mineral Processing Plant: USIM PAC 2.0 for Windows", Paper to be published in
Mining Magazine. [1993.b].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Durance, M.-V., Libaude, J., Ollivier, P., 1993, "Computer-aided Optimization of
Mineral Processing Plants, a Case Study: Increasing the Capacity of the Shila Gold Mine, Peru",
Paper presented at the SME Annual Meeting, February 15-18, Reno, Nevada, U.S.A.. Preprint #
93-222. [1993.a].

Broussaud, A., Guillaneau, J.-C., Guyot, O., Pastol, J.-F., Villeneuve, J., 1992, "Mthodes et
algorithmes pour accrotre l'utilit et le ralisme des simulateurs d'installations de traitement de
matires minrales.", Revue de l'Industrie Minrale, les Techniques, Vol. 74, n 5-92, pp. 146-
152. [1992.e].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., Blot, P., 1992, "Advances in the Design and Optimization of Mineral
Processing Plants", Proceedings of the APCOM 92, 23rd International Symposium on the
Application of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry, April 7-11, Tucson,
Arizona, U.S.A., Chapter 54, pp. 549-566. [1992.d].

Durance, M.-V., Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J, Fourniguet, G., Brochot, S., 1992, "Advances in
Research on Steady-state Simulator for Mineral Processing Plants" Paper presented at the Miro
Annual Meeting, April, Coventry, United Kingdom. [1992.c].

Libaude, J., Morizot, G., Baudet, G., Morin, D., Guillaneau, J.-C., 1992, "New Technological
Developments in Mineral Processing", 3rd Asia-Pacific Mining 92 Conference, March 18-21,
Philippines. [1992.b].

USIM PAC 3.1

30 Starting Guide

Villeneuve, J., Guillaneau, J.-C., Pilotte, R., Broussaud, A., 1992, "Objective Driven Simulation: a new
Approach to Improving the Efficiency and Usefulness of Steady-state Simulators of Mineral
Processing Plants", Paper presented at the SME Annual Meeting, February 24-27, Phoenix,
Arizona, U.S.A.. Preprint # 92-168. [1992.a].

Broussaud, A., Herbst, J., 1991, "Succs industriels de la modlisation en minralurgie", Revue de
l'Industrie Minrale, Mines et Carrires, Vol. 73, dcembre, pp. 30-36. [1991.h].

Plitt, L.R., Guillaneau, J.-C., Broussaud, A., 1991, "Modlisation mathmatique des hydrocyclones
avec dcharge en boudin", Revue de l'Industrie Minrale, Mines et Carrires, Vol. 73, dcembre,
pp. 45-47. [1991.g].

Blot, P., Oblad, E., Herbst, J., Villeneuve, J., Guillaneau, J.-C., 1991, "Integrating and Using an
Advanced SAG/AG Mill Model in the USIM PAC Mineral Processing Simulator", Proceedings of
the Conference on the Computer Applications in the Mineral Industry "Software of the 90's for the
Mineral Industry", Vancouver, BC, Canada, September 15-18, pp. 439-449. [1991.f].

Broussaud, A., Guillaneau, J.-C., Guyot, O., Pastol, J.-F., Villeneuve, J., 1991, "Methods and
Algorithms to Improve the Usefulness and Realism of Mineral Processing Plant Simulators",
Proceedings of the XVII International Mineral Processing Congress, Dresden, Germany,
September 23-28, pp. 229-246. [1991.e].

Broussaud, A., Herbst, J.A., 1991, "Optimization de plantas de proceso de minerales", Canteras y
explotaciones, Agosto, pp. 52-62. [1991.d].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Broussaud, A., Villeneuve, J., 1991, "Industrial Computer Methods for the Design
and off-line Optimization of Mineral Processing Plants", Proceedings of the XIIIrd Symposium on
Mineral Processing, Yugoslavia, May, pp. 91-96. [1991.c].

Broussaud, A., Fourniguet, G., Guillaneau, J.-C., Conil, P., Guyot, O., 1991, "Conception et gestion
des circuits de broyage assistes par ordinateur", l'Industrie Cramique, n 860, 5/91, pp. 311-
313. [1991.b].

Vdrine, H., Broussaud, A., Conil, P., De Matos, C.F., 1991, "Modelling the Flotation Kinetics of a
Polymetallic Sulphide Ore", Paper presented at the SME Annual Meeting, February 25-28,
Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.. [1991.a].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Villeneuve, J., Broussaud, A., 1990, "Un nouvel outil pour concevoir et/ou optimiser
une criblerie", Journes "Carrires, vers une gestion optimale", Haute et Basse Normandie,
dcembre. [1990.g].

Broussaud, A., Guillaneau, J.-C., Fourniguet, G., 1990, "Practical Computer Methods for the Design
and Adaptation of Mineral Processing Plants", Paper presented at the VIth Simposium Sobre
Molienda, Chile, November. [1990.f].

Broussaud, A., Fourniguet, G., Guillaneau, J.-C., Conil, P., Guyot, O., 1990, "Conception et gestion
assiste par ordinateur des circuits de broyage", Revue de l'Industrie Minrale, les Techniques,
Vol. 72, n 4-90, pp. 144-150. [1990.e].

Broussaud, A., Fourniguet, G., Franck, J., Conil, P., 1990, "Quantitative Analysis of the Accuracy of
Steady State Simulation of Mineral Processing Plants", Proceedings of the CONTROL'90,
Mineral and Metallurgical Processing, SME, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A., February 26-March 1,
pp. 13-21. [1990.d].

Vdrine, H., Broussaud, A., Conil, P., De Matos, C.F., 1990, "Modlisation de la cintique de flottation
d'un minerai sulfur polymtallique", Revue de l'Industrie Minrale, les Techniques, mars-avril,
pp. 79-87. [1990.c].

Plitt, L.R., Conil, P., Broussaud, A., 1990, "Technical note, an Improved Method of Calculating the
Water-split in Hydrocyclones", Minerals Engineering, Vol. 3, n 5, pp. 533-535. [1990.b].

USIM PAC 3.1

Starting Guide 31

Broussaud, A., Fourniguet, G., Guillaneau, J.-C., Conil, P., Guyot, O., 1990, "Conception assiste par
ordinateur d'un circuit de broyage", Ciments, Btons, Pltres, Chaux, n 784, 3/90, octobre, pp.
205-208. [1990.a].

Ollivier, P., Blot, P., 1989, "Computer Aided Design of a Gold Ore Grinding Circuit", Proceedings of
the Randol Wokshop, Phase IV, Sacramento, California, U.S.A., November 10-11, pp. 39-42.
[1989.i].

Conil, P., De Matos, C.F., Broussaud, A., Ferrao, C., 1989, "Modelling of the Autogenous Grinding of
the Moinho (Portugal) Complex Sulphide Ore", Proceedings of the International Conference on
Autogenous/Semi-Autogenous Grinding, Vancouver, BC, Canada, September 25-27, pp. 741-
758. [1989.h].

Broussaud, A., Conil, P., Fourniguet, G., Guillaneau, J.-C., 1989, "USIM PAC : premier logiciel intgr
d'aide la conception et l'optimisation des usines de traitement des minerais", Revue de
l'Industrie Minrale, les Techniques, juillet, pp. 1-12. [1989.g].

Broussaud, A., Conil, P., Vdrine, H., Ferrao, C.N, Coelho, J., Matos, C.F., 1989, "Modelling of an
Autogenous Grinding and Flotation Process. Application to the Industrial Processing of the
Moinho Complex Sulphide Ore", CANMET/EEC Meeting on Complex Sulphide Ore, Ottawa,
June. [1989.f].

Broussaud, A., Guillaneau, J.-C., Pastol, J.-F, Jourdan, M., Ghibu, C., Perisse, R., 1989,
"Development and Application of a Modular Intelligent Control System for Mineral Processing
Plants", EEC Seminar on Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, Warren Spring
Laboratories, Stevenage, U.K., February 27th and 28th. [1989.e].

Broussaud, A., Guillaneau, J.-C., Fourniguet, G., Conil, P., Blot, P., 1989, "A revolutionary tool for
Mineral Processing Plant Design and Optimization", Paper presented at the SME Annual
Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.A.. [1989.d].

Lanthier, R., Hodouin, D., Guillaneau, J.-C., Broussaud, A., 1989, "Real-Time mass Balance
Calculation for a Pilot Grinding Circuit", Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Canadian
Mineral Processor, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. [1989.c].

Guillaneau, J.-C., Broussaud, A., Lanthier, R., Hodouin, D., 1989, "Mise en oeuvre d'une stratgie de
valorisation en ligne des mesures pour la conduite d'un circuit pilote de broyage", Revue de
l'Industrie Minrale, les Techniques, novembre-dcembre, pp. 8-16. [1989.b].

Morizot, G., Legret, D., Crois, G., Guillaneau, J.-C., 1989, "Pilotage de la flottation d'un minerai
sulfur polymtallique : le cas Chessy", Revue de l'Industrie Minrale, les Techniques, Vol. 71, n
3-89, pp. 153-160. [1989.a].

Broussaud, A., Guillaneau, J.-C., Conil, P., Fourniguet, G., Ragot, J., Bloch, G., Hanton, E., 1988,
"Poste de contrle intelligent ddi aux procds de traitement des minerais", Communication
prsente au colloque Ressources du sous-sol organis par le Ministre de la Recherche, 26-27
septembre. [1988.g].

Broussaud, A., 1988, "Advanced Computer Methods for Mineral Processing: Their Functions and
Potential Impact on Engineering Practices", Proceedings of the XVI International Mineral
Processing Congress, Stockholm, Sweden, June 5-10, Elsevier, Developments in Mineral
Processing, Vol. 10.A, pp. 17-44. [1988.f].

Bourassa, M., Barbery, G., Broussaud, A., Conil, P., 1988, "Flotation Kinetic Scale up: Comparison of
Laboratory Batch Test to Pilot Plant Processing", Proceedings of the XVI International Mineral
Processing Congress, Stockholm, Sweden, June 5-10, Elsevier. Developments in Mineral
Processing, Vol. 10.A, pp. 579-588. [1988.e].

Broussaud, A., Conil, P., Fourniguet, G., Guillaneau, J.-C., 1988, "USIM: an easy to use Simulator for
Mineral Processing Plants", Proceedings of the First Canadian Conference on the Computer

USIM PAC 3.1

32 Starting Guide

Applications in the Mineral Industry, March, Qubec, Canada, A.A. Balkema, Rotherdam, pp.
137-145. [1988.d].

Broussaud, A., Clin, F., Crois, G., Fourniguet, G., 1988, "Mthodologie d'chantillonnage et bilans
matire cohrents dans un pilotage de minerai sulfur", Revue de l'Industrie Minrale, les
Techniques, mars-avril, pp. 165-170. [1988.c].

Conil, P., Broussaud, A., Niang, S., Delubac, G., 1988, "Utilisation d'un simulateur pour l'aide
l'valuation d'hypothses d'volution d'un atelier de concentration l'usine de phosphates de
Taba (Sngal)", Revue de l'Industrie Minrale, les Techniques, janvier-fvrier, pp. 21-29.
[1988.b].

Broussaud, A., Guillaneau, J.-C., 1988, "Modles d'oprations unitaires en minralurgie", Informatique
dans l'Industrie Minrale, Revue de l'Industrie Minrale, les Techniques, numro spcial,
novembre, Vol. 70, pp. 146-172. [1988.a].

USIM PAC 3.1