Single Chip Electronic Dice

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The device will tell a random number between 1 and 6 through

a series of LEDs. The number of LEDs that light up will indicate
the number.
This project uses a 4060 counter that counts the clock pulses
received sets a particular number of pins high.
Pressing the button creates a fast clock pulse so the pins that
would be high cannot be estimated. This is the reason that
makes this dice a completely random number generator.
The pins that are set high light up a series of leds that indicates
the number.

(1) Resistor:
A resistor is a device that reduces current in a circuit by offering
obstruction to the flow of electrical current. So if you connect an
LED directly to a 3v battery and then connect it by adding a
resistor in series. The brightness in the second case would be
lower than the first one as the resistor in the second case would
not allow much current to pass through thus reducing the
brightness. Resistance is measured in ohms, kilo ohms and
mega ohms.
(2) Capacitor:
A capacitor is a device that stores electricity inside it when it is
supplied and gives it out in a circuit when there is a loss in
electricity. It is like a rechargeable battery but there is a lot of
difference between them. A capacitor can store a small amount
of current and can charge instantly whereas a battery can store
a large amount of current and takes a while to charge. There
are many types of capacitors but the two common types are-
electrolytic (polarized) and non electrolytic (non polarized).
Capacitance is measured in pico farads, nano farads and micro
farads.

(5) Diode:
A diode is a device that allows current to flow only in one
direction. This is the reason it has polarity and should be
connected correctly for its proper functioning. It is used to
prevent the reverse flow of current.

(6) Light Emitting Diode (LED):

A light emitting diode is a special type of diode that can emit
light when electricity is passed through it. Like a diode, an led
also allows current to flow only in one direction so to make it
work it should be connected properly in a circuit. These days
LEDs are preferred over lightbulbs as they consume much less
electricity than bulbs and CFLs. They are available in different
shapes, sizes and colors but being energy efficient, their cost is
much high.

IC 4060
IC 4060 is an excellent integrated circuit for timing applications. Its ten
active high outputs can give time delay from few seconds to hours. With a
few components, it is easy to construct a simple but reliable time delay
circuit.
IC 4060 is an Oscillator binary counter cum frequency divider. Its inbuilt
oscillator is based on three inverters.
The basic frequency of the internal oscillator is determined by the value of
the capacitor connected to its pin 9 and that of the resistor in its pin 10.
By increasing or decreasing the value of capacitor / resistor, time delay can
be changed. Each output goes high after the completion of the timing
cycle. To get maximum time period, output Q10 is omitted in the IC itself
so that double time is available between Q9 and Q11.

Inside the IC, there is an oscillator and 14 series connected bistables

(Ripple cascade arrangement). Internally the oscillator signal is applied to
the first bistable which drives the second bistable and so on. Since each
bistable divides its input signal by two, a total of fifteen signals are
available, each of half the frequency of the previous one.
Ten of these fifteen signals are available on the output pins Q3- Q13.HEF
4060 is CMOS version which can operate at 3 volts.
It is necessary to add a capacitor close to pin 16 of IC so that minute
voltage changes will not affect the timing cycle. Reset pin 12 resets the
timing cycle once it is grounded.
Outputs can give almost full supply voltage to drive light loads. Heavy
loads such as relay can be operated through a driver transistor. When the
high output is connected to the pin 11(clock input) through a diode,
oscillation stops and IC remains latched in high state till it resets. Pin 11
can be used to give clock pulses from an external source.
4060 Timing cycle calculation
Time t = 2 n / f osc = Seconds

n is the selected Q output number

2 n = Q output number = 2 x Q no times Eg. Q3 output = 2x2x2 = 8
f osc = 1 / 2.5 (R1xC1) = in Hertz

R1 is the resistor at pin 10 in Ohms and C1, the capacitor at pin 9 in

Farads.
For example if R1 is 1M and C1 0.22, the basic frequency f osc is
1 / 2.5(1,000,000 x 0.000,000 22) = 1.8 Hz
If the selected output is Q3 then 2 n is 2 x 2 x 2 = 8
Therefore time period (in seconds) is
t = 2 n / 1.8 Hz = 8 / 1.8 = 4.4 seconds
A ready reckoner for selecting the output to get a required time delay is
given along the diagram

Parts List:
1x 4060 ic
1x 2.2M resistor
1x 470K resistor
1x 100K resistor
1x 560 ohm resistor
1x 470 ohm resistor
 1x 220 ohm resistor
2x 1n capacitors
2x 1n4148 or 1n4001 diodes
6x LEDs
1x Momentary push button