Organization of Nervous System

1.The optic nerve is derived from what embryonic tissue?

neural crest
endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm*

2. Neural crest cells differentiate into:

postganglionic sympathetic cell bodies
cells of the inferior mesenteric ganglion
adrenal medullary cells
all of the above are correct*

3. Of the following, the item most closely associated with the regulation of visceral and endocrine
functions is:
telencephalon
diencephalon*
mesencephalon
metencephalon
myelencehalon

4. Of the following, the item most closely associated with the pons is:
diencephalon
mesencephalon
metencephalon*
Myelencephalon

5. Of the following, the one most closely associated with the cerebrum is:
Telencephalon*
diencephalon
mesencephalon
metencephalon

6. Of the following, the one most closely associated with the 3rd ventricle is:
telencephalon
diencephalon*
mesencephalon
myelencephalon

7. Cerebrospinal fluid:
is produced in choroid plexuses
circulates in the ventricular system of the brain and in the subarachnoid spaces
re-enters the venous blood at the arachnoid
blockage of its circulation can lead to internal or external hydrocephalus*

8. In the development of the nervous system:

there are five primary brain vesicles
during the 5th week, each brain vesicle subdivides into 2 parts
the pontine flexure is in a direction opposite the mesencephalic and cervical flexure*
neural epithelial cells are found in the marginal layer

9. In the development of the nervous system:

the sulcus limitans is found in the diencephalon
the infundibulum is an outgrowth of the telencephalon that develops into the neurohypophysis
sensory nuclei in the hindbrain lie ventral to the sulcus limitans
the inner ear is derived from surface ectoderm*

10. In the development of the nervous system:

the neural folds are composed of neuroepithelial cells
the neural tube maintains temporary contact with the amniotic cavity via neuropores
neuroepithelial cells give rise to both neuroblasts and glia blasts
all of the above are correct*

11. With respect to the nervous system, which of the following is NOT correct:
a muscle's nerve supply can be used as an indicator of its level of origin and path of migration
Rathke's pouch is an outgrowth of oral ectoderm that becomes the anterior lobe of the hypophysis
the sulcus limitans marks the boundary between motor and sensory areas
sensory nuclei in the hindbrain lie ventral to motor nuclei*

12. Congenital absence of neural crest cells could result in:

absence of sympathetic chain ganglia
absence of adrenal medulla
absence of pigment cells
all of the above are correct*

13. The brain flexure which develops between the metencephalon and the myelencephalon is called
the:
Pontine*
hindbrain
cervical
midbrain

14. Which one of the following basal ganglia is derived from the diencephalon?
Amygdaloid nucleus
Head of the caudate nucleus
Globus pallidus*
Putamen

15. When are the axons of the corticospinal tracts fully myelinated?
In the mid-fetal period
At birth
By the end of the first postnatal year
By the end of the second postnatal year*

16. Which of the following represents the general somatic efferent (GSE) column of the pons?
Abducent nucleus*
Nucleus ambiguus
Hypoglossal nucleus
Inferior olivary nucleus

17. Which of the following represents the general visceral efferent (GVE) column of the pons?
Spinal trigeminal nucleus
Principal trigeminal nucleus
Superior salivatory nucleus*
Pontine nuclei

18. The external granular layer of the cerebellum gives rise to which of the following?
Outer stellate cells
Purkinje cells
Granule cells*
Basket cells

19. Which of the following statements best describes the pathogenesis of hydranencephaly?
Results from atresia of the outlet foramina of the fourth ventricle
Results from blockage of the cerebral aqueduct
Results from internal carotid artery occlusion*
Results from failure of the anterior neuropore to close

20. The anterior and posterior neuropores close during which week of embryonic development?
Week 3
Week 4*
Week 5
Week 6

21. At birth, the conus medullaris is found at which vertebral level?

L-1
L-3*
S-1
S-4

22. Which of the following structures is derived from the telencephalon?

Hypothalamus
Hippocampus*
Optic nerve (CN II)
Globus pallidus

23. Which of the following conditions results from failure of the anterior neuropore to close?
Hydrocephalus
Anencephaly*
Craniosynostosis
Meningoencephalocele

24. Which of the following structures is derived from the diencephalon?

Caudate nucleus
Cerebellum
Neurohypophysis*
Adenohypophysis

25. Caudal herniation of the cerebellar tonsils and medulla through the foramen magnum is called
Dandy-Walker syndrome
Arnold-Chiari syndrome*
cranium bifidum
myeloschisis

26. The flexure that develops between the metencephalon and the myelencephalon is called the
cephalic flexure
mesencephalic flexure
pontine flexure*
cervical flexure

27. Which of the following statements best describes the sulcus limitans?
It is found in the interpeduncular fossa
It is located between the alar and basal plates*
It separates the hypothalamus from the thalamus
It separates the neocortex from the allocortex

28. Myelinated preganglionic sympatheticneurons have their cell bodies in

Clarke's column
substantia gelatinosa
intermediolateral cell column*
intermediomedial cell column

29. The choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle is derived from the
alar plate
basal plate
floor plate
roof plate*

30. Tanycytes are found principally in the

cerebral aqueduct
lateral ventricles
third ventricle*
fourth ventricle

31. Which of the following most accurately describes the herniation of meninges and brain tissue
through a defect in occipital bone?
Cranium bifidum with meningoencephalocele*
Cranium bifidum with meningocele
Arno d-Chiari syndrome
Dandy-Walker syndrome

32. Which of the following is the most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus?
Cranium bifidum with meningoencephalocele
Aqueductal stenosis*
Arnold-Chiari syndrome
Dandy-Walker syndrome

33. Which of the following is associated with atresia of the foramen of Magendie and foramina
of Luschka?
Cranium bifidum with meningoencephalocele
Aqueductal stenosis
Arnold-Chiari syndrome
Dandy-Walker syndrome*

34. Once the notochord differentiates the Ectoderm into Surface and Neuro ectoderm, it is degenerated
and remains as ___________ in adult.
Annulus fibrosus
Nucleus pulposus*
Endoderm
Neural crest cells

35. The Dorsal root ganglia in the spinal nerve is developed from ______________.
Surface Ectoderm
Neuro Ectoderm
Endoderm
Neural crest cells*
36. At initial the neural tube is bulging into _____ primary vesicles and it is further developed and
subdivided into ______ secondary vesicles.
1&3
2&3
3 & 5*
4&5

37. A patient presents with muscle weakness. To assess his condition, you test his knee-jerk reflex by
tapping his patella tendon with your hammer. Next you examine the jaw-jerk reflex by tapping his
lower jaw with your finger. The pathways that mediate these two reflexes are similar in that both
involve:
Dorsal root ganglia
2-neuron, sensory to motor pathway*
Pathways to the cortex through ventral posterior lateral nuclei
Cell bodies of sensory neurons in peripheral ganglia

38. What is the correct developmental order for the following: 1: Neural crest; 2: Notochord; 3: Neural
plate; 4: Neural tube; 5: Neural groove
32541
35421
2 3 5 4 1*
23514

39. Which one of the following is not found in the Central Nervous system?
Spinal cord
Thalamus
Dorsal root Ganglion*
Pons

40. The development of the neural tube is a crucial aspect of embryonic development and leads to the
formation of the brain and spinal cord. Initially the neural tube extends into the caudal part of the
developing embryo but due to changes in its growth and that of its surroundings, it will appear to
retreat up the developing vertebral column. At birth, the spinal cord ends at the level of:
Lumbar vertebra 4
Lumbar vertebra 5
The disc between lumbar vertebra 1 and 2*
Lumbar vertebra 3