Calculation Sheet

For
Thickener Sludge Bridge
1-Stresses on Beam.
Moment of Inertia for Beam.
We can simplify the beam section (without considerable deviation) to become consists of 5
areas (A1, A2, A3, A4 & A5), and compute the moment of inertia of each area.
Y A3

50 200

120

Yc A3 A4

C 1030
A2
x'
A6 6

Yt A7
A1

x
130

1500

Location of Centroid
The centroid C must be located on the Y axis, since this axis in an axis of symmetry, thus = 0
.
No Cross section Area (mm2) Ordinate of Centroid
A1 130 6 780 3
A2 1024 6 6144 518
A3 1886 1128 1027
A4 114 6 684 973
A5 56 6 336 913
A6 200x6 1200 106
A7 110x6 660 9
Yt = [ (780x3) + (6144x518) + (1128x1027) + (684x973) + (336x913) + (1200x106)
+ (660x9)] / (10932) = 485.8 mm
Then, Distance of centroid from the lower extreme fiber is Yt = 485.8 mm
Similarly, Distance of centroid from the upper extreme fiber is Yc = 1030-485.8=544.2 mm
Therefore, The maximum stress will be induced on compression side, because Yc greater than Yt

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 Moment of Inertia
-Moment of Inertia for Subside Section
3

I b h
12
I = ( 130 x 6 ) / 12 = 2340 mm
1 1
3 4

I =.( 6 x 1024 ) / 12 = 536.87 x 10

2 2
3 6
mm 4
3 4
I = ( 188 x 6 ) / 12 = 3384 mm
3 3
3 4
I ( 6 x 114 ) / 12 = 740772 mm
4 4
=

3 4
I = ( 56 x 6 ) / 12 = 1008 mm
5 5
3 6 4
I = ( 6 x 200 ) / 12 = 4 x 10 mm
6 6
3 4
I = ( 110 x 6 ) / 12 = 1980 mm
7 7

Then,
The moment of inertia for Whole section is
I = 2 x { [2340 + (780 528.6 2)] + [536.87 x 106 +(6144 13.62)]
+ [3384 + (1128 495.42)] + [740772 + (684 441.42)]
+ [1008 + (336 381.42) ] + [4 x 106 + (1200 425.62) ]
+ [1980 + (660 522.62) ] }= 3.23 109mm4
I = 3.23 109mm4
Therefore,
The moment of inertia for whole section is, I = 3.23x109 mm4

The section modulus

3.23 109
Z= I / Yc 5.94 106 mm 3
544.2
Then,
The section modulus is, Z = 5.94 x106 mm3

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 A- Bending stress on bridge beam :-
w = Uniform distributed load = 5000 N /m2
L =Bridge span = 21 m W=778Kg/m
3
Total distributed load applied on beam = 5000x (21x1.5) = 157.5 10 N 21m
Suppose the distributed dead load for beam = 4000 kg = 44.145 103 N
44.125 103
Dead load per unit length = 2102 N / m Mmax
21 L/2
W =Total load on beam = (157.5 103) + (44.145 103) = 201.645 103 N
1 2
M = bending moment= W ( )
2 L
Max. Bending moment occurs at middle of beam
L
i.e. At
2
1
Mmax. = WL
8
1
Mmax. = (201.645 103) x (21) = 529.318 103 N.m= 529.318 106 N.mm
8
M 529.318 10 6
Bending stress ( b) = max = 89.11 N/mm2
Z 5.94 10 6

( b) = N/mm2 (1)

For St. 37
b 0.6 y y = 225.63 N/mm2
b 0.6 225.63 135.38 N/mm 2

Suppose that
( b) all. =0.85 b
( b )all = 0.85 135.38 = 115 N /mm2

( b) all = 115 N /mm2 (2)

From (1) & (2)
b < ( b) all.
Therefore, the beam is safe for bending.

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 B- Beam deflection :-
Max. Deflection ( max .) occurs at middle of beam.

L
5 WL 3
`` Ymax. =
384 EI

W= . 103 N
L = 21m.
E = 206 x 109 N/m2 L/2 ymax.
I = 3. 10-3 m4

5 (201.645 103 )(21)3

Ymax.= 0.0365m = 36.5mm
384 (206 109 )(3.23 10 3 )

Ymax. = 36.5mm (3)

1
Allowable deflection = 0.2 % of the span = (beam length)
500
1
Yall. = 2100 42 mm.
500

Yall. = 42 mm (4)

From (3) & (4)

Ymax. < Yall.
Therefore, the beam is safe for deflection.

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2-Stresses on Bolts AB

N= Number of bolts = 18 bolt

n= Let no. of bolts in loading condition = 12 bolt (Suppose)
d= Bolts diameter = 18 mm.
do = Core diameter = 14.752 mm.
Ac= Core area = 171 mm2
Bolt material = St. 10.9
y )t = Yield stress in tension = 90 kg / mm2 = 882.9 N/mm2
1
y )s = Yield stress in shear = x y ) t= 441.45 N/mm 2
2
Since, Bolts is subjected to
A-Tension Stress due to bending moment on beam (M=529.318 x106 N.mm)
B-Shear Stress due to shearing force (W = 201.645 x10 3 N)
The average shear lead on each bolt (assuming the load is equally distributed)
Equating the resisting moment of the bolts about flange edge AB (in the shown drawing) to the
turning moment (M = 529.318 106 N.mm)
Let tension force in each bolt per unit length xi from edge AB = f (N/mm).

i 12 i 12
529.318 106 = f x 2
i f = (529.318x106) / x 2
i
i 1 i 1
i 10

x
i 1
2
i = [ (75)2 +(255)2 + (435)2 + (615)2 + (795)2 + (975)2+ 6x(1085)2 ]

= 9284100 mm2
529.318 10 6
f 57 N / mm
9284100
Maximum tension force on bolt = Ft )Max.= f (Xmax.)
Ft. )Max.= 57 1085 = 61845 N
Ft .)Max.= 61845 N
A-Tensile stress

The equivalent force in tension = Fet. = Ft. + 1/2[(Ft.)2 + 4(Fs.) av.)2]1/2

Fs.) av. = W/n = 201.645x103/12 = 16.8 x 103 N

Fs.) av. = 16.8 x 103N
Fet. = 61845 + 1/2[(61845)2 + 4(16.8 x 103)2]1/2 = 97036.5 N
Fet. = 97036.5 N
Tensile stress = st = Fet. / Ac = 97036.5/ 171 = 594 N/ mm2
st = 567 N/ mm2 (5)
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Allowable tensile stress sall. = 0.8 st = 0.8x 882.9 = 750.46 N/ mm2
sall. = 750.46 N/ mm2 .. (6)
From (5) & (6)
st < sall.
Therefore, the bolt is safe for tension.

B-Shear stress

The shear load on bolt = Fes. = 1/2[(Ft.)2 + 4(Fs.) av.)2]1/2

Fes. = 1/2[(61845)2 + 4(16.8 x 103)2]1/2 = 35191.5 N

Fes. = 35191.5 N
Shear stress = ss = Fes. / Ac = 35191.5 / 171 = 205.8 N/ mm2
ss = 205.8 N/ mm2 (7)

Allowable shear stress sall. = 0.8 sy)s. = 0.8x 441.45 = 353.16 N/ mm2
sall. = 353.16 N/ mm2 .. (8)
From (7) & (8)
ss < sall.

Therefore, the bolt is safe for shear.

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