Forest

Autotrophs

Producers can produce their own food through photosynthesis ---- receive the greatest
amount of energy

->>>> Forests : exhibits layered structure ->> canopy ,understorey, forest floor

Trees have the competitive advantage over other plants for they are tall and sturdy due to the
production of hard wood.They received the greatest amount of sunlight. The leaves are much smaller
and narrower. In this way, over absorption of sunlight will be avoided.

Vines climb or cling on other trees. In this way, the absorption of sunlight will be maximized.

Shrubs and other plants on the forest floor> the leaves are generally broader for maximum absorption
of sunlight

Mosses and other bryophytes --- >> require a moist environment which necessary for reproduction
(explain mo na lang )

Stomata saka guard cells > respiration or gas exchange

Transpiration :)) kapag may time ka pa research mo na lang

Yung ibang halaman ay may spikes tulad ng Livistoria( for defense)

Heterotrophs

Ants> live in colonies tapos may social stratification sila > tapos they communicate through the
release of pheromones > matatalas yung mandibles nila which is fit for leaf cutting and defense

Millipedes > live in most environment kasi walang valves yung spiracle nila so kapag nasa dry
environment sila baka madessicate sila > nagcocoil sila kapag nadisturb saka may repugnatorial galnds
sila na nagrerelease ng substance for defense against predators . Feed on decaying matter

Termites > di ko sure kung bacteria or protozoan (search mo na lang ) sa digestive tract ng termites na
necessary sa pagdigest ng wood ( mutualistic yata yung relationship , verify mo na lang )

Spiders > may spinnerets sa dulo ng adomen na panggawa ng web na sobrang tibay at dikit na sobang
efficient sa paghuli ng prey may chelicerae (verify mo na lang aahahaa limot ko na ) basta matulis na
mandible ( di yata mandible yung tawag dun ) saka may venom glands din yata

Basta generally ang animals ay MOBILE!!

Fungi-- >. Decomposition > saprotrophic

Lichen explain mo yung symbiotic relationship saka yung significance nila sa environment

Adaptations

Light intensity -- > yung stratification sa forest saka yung size ng leaves
Yung stomata ng plants pang gas exchange may guard cells yun pang regulate yata ( verify mo na lang

Wind velocity-- >. Yung wood ng plants saka yung ugat nila for anchorage