BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY
SATHYAMANGALAM

ALTERNATE FUELS

AUTHORS:

R.MOHANRAJ P.NANDAGOPAL
3rd YEAR MECHANICAL ENGG 3rd YEAR MECHANICAL ENGG
Email: mohanraj00715@gmail.com Email: ngopal91@gmail.com
Phone no: 8012681414 Phone no: 9944586646
ABSTRACT: needed for running the engine. When the air
is injected into the cylinder chamber, it
Considering that we live in a very
expands to provide motive power. Oddly,
mobile society, it's probably safe to assume
the problem with a conventional four-stroke
that you have. While pumping gas, you've
engine is that compression, combustion and
undoubtedly noticed how much the price of
expansion all take place in a single cylinder.
gas has soared in recent years. Gasoline,
But here the engine divides these functions
which has been the main source of fuel for
into a three-chamber system, with one
the history of cars, is becoming more and
cylinder for compression, a small chamber
more expensive and impractical (especially
for combustion and a much larger cylinder
from an environmental standpoint). But cost
for expansion.
is not the only problem with using gasoline
as our primary fuel. It is also damaging to
Zero Pollution Motors is also
the environment, and since it is not a
working on a hybrid version of their engine
renewable resource, it will eventually run
that can run on traditional fuel in
out. These factors are leading car
combination with air. Mono-energy engine
manufacturers to develop cars fueled by
have demonstrated the viability of the new
alternative energies. One possible alternative
concept, the air and fuel, bi-energy, engine
is the air-powered car. There are at least
will be introduced to major car
two ongoing projects that are developing a
manufacturers in order to study its
new type of car that will run on compressed
adaptation for their common models.
air. One among them is the evolution Cars.

After more than thirty

years experience with combustion engines,
the French engineer Guy Negre has
developed a concept of a totally non-
polluting engine for use in urban areas. This
invention, which uses high pressure (300
bar) compressed air to store the energy
 rapid recharge, using a high-pressure air
pump, is also possible. The change of energy
source is controlled electronically. When the
car is moving at speeds below 60 kmph, it
runs on air. At higher speeds, it runs on a
fuel, such as gasoline, diesel or natural gas.

WORKING PRINCIPLE: NEW ENGINE DESIGN:

The e.Volution is powered by a Guy Negres engine is, in fact, a

two-cylinder, compressed-air engine. The radically new internal combustion engine.

basic concept behind the engine is unique; it Two chambers, one for intake and

can run either on compressed air alone or act compression and one for expansion and

as an internal combustion engine. exhaust, are separated from a spherically

Compressed air is stored in carbon or glass shaped combustion chamber. The retention

fiber tanks at a pressure of 4,351 pounds per time in the combustion chamber is 30% to

square inch (psi). This air is fed through an 100 % longer than in comparable

air injector to the engine and flows into a conventional engines, thus giving rise to a

small chamber, which expands the air. The more complete combustion at constant

air pushing down on the pistons moves the volume, while the spherical shape helps

crankshaft, which gives the vehicle power. A eliminate knock (which as been unknown in

compressor driven by an electric motor this engine).

connected to a standard electric outlet does

the recharge of the compressed air tanks. A
 At the heart of the engine is a small
combustion chamber. A piston in a
compression cylinder outside this chamber
forces air through a valve; getting
compressed and thus heating a mixture of air
and petrol in the process. With all valves to
the chamber closed the hot mixture is
ignited. In the final part of the cycle the hot
gas escapes through a valve into a separate
expansion cylinder where it drives a piston
cooling in the process.

BENEFITS OF THE NEW DESIGN

ENGINE:

One of the benefits of having

separate compression and
expansion cylinders is that the
 expansion cylinder can be made
several times larger than the
compression cylinder. This takes
maximum advantage of the stroke
that provides the engine's power.
Another benefit is that at the end
of this expansion the gas is at
atmospheric pressure and
temperature of only 100 degrees
C. The output of conventional
engines by contrast is usually at a
pressure of several atmospheres
and a temperature of 500 degrees
C which means that lots of
potentially useful energy is being
thrown away and demands a
complicated exhaust system to
cool and depressurize the gases.
As a result of these advantages,
the engine is some 50% more
efficient than the four-stroke
variety.
The design of the engine allows
the fuel to burn over a period up
to four times longer than in a four-
stroke engine. The longer burn
time means that the fuel is
consumed far more completely
leading to less in the way of
a unwanted by-products such as
carbon monoxide and nitrogen
oxides.
The pollution is much less and
quieter because the explosion of
the fuel happens in the small
combustion chamber rather than
being allowed to propagate
through the cylinder as in
conventional motors. The design
also allows the engine to be light:
fully functioning test versions
weigh only 34kg.

Intake and
The benefits of the design do not
compression 230 cm
stop there. Because the expansion
cylinder
piston provides power at every
second stroke rather than every Expansion and
500 cm
fourth. The Engine provides the exhaust cylinder
increased mechanical efficiency
Power max. HP- 25 (18.3) at 3000
of the two-stroke engines
Cyl (kW-Cyl) rpm
common on motorcycles.
 To compensate for the cooling effect that
Torque max. takes place, a thermal exchanger heats the
6.3 (61.7) at 500
Kgm-Cyl (Nm- compressed air using the warmth of
2500 rpm
Cyl) external air. This process is repeated as
many times as possible to extract the
Electronically
maximum energy efficiency from the
Power source injected
compressed air.
compressed air

For
the somewhat technically minded, the

THEORY BEHIND THESE CARS: following drawing illustrates the theoretical

explanation for this process.
In principle the technology is very
similar to the internal combustion system PV

in that compressed air is used to drive a DIAGRAM

piston in a barrel. The secret of the engine

lies in the way it efficiently converts the
energy stored in the tanks of compressed
air. By way of explanation, it has long
been known that to compress air to high
pressures a staged process should be used,
compressing air to first 50 bars, then to
150 bars then three hundred and so on.

This technique, commonly

employed by the air and gas liquefaction
industries, uses a fraction of the energy The Isotherm, the green line,
used to compress the gas in one operation. represents the ideal transformation of the
The secret of the compressed air motor is compressed air: in effect, the air temperature
simply to reverse the process - decompress is the same coming in and going out of the
the air in stages and in so doing efficiently cylinder, and power is maximized.
release energy at each point in the chain.
 On the contrary, the worst
transformation is the adiabatic
transformation, represented by the red line.
The derived power is minimal, and the air
e.Volution CARS:
leaves the system at a very low temperature
indeed.
Engine mount Rear

Automatic,
PERFORMANCE OF AIR POWERED continuous
Transmission
CARS: variation.Rear
wheel drive
Maximum
speed Front coil
60mph Suspension spring, rear
pneumatic
Acceleration
0-30 mph: 7 seconds Steering Rack and pinion

Range Length 384 cm,

120 miles or 10 hours Dimensions width 172 cm,

height 175 cm

Wheel base 292 cm

Torque
Weight: unloaded About 700 kg
in kgm

Bhp Steel bars/

In hp Chassis and body honeycomb
materials plastic and fiber
glass

Engine speed (rpm) Thermoplastic

Tanks for compressed
lining and
air
carbon fiber
 Mexico , as it has outstanding advantages
including much fuel economy, eco-friendly,
Ref:
electronically controlled automatic
transmission and so on . As air is the only
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative
working medium upto 60 kmph, periodical
fuel_vehicle
cleaning of valves, tanks, injectors are
necessary. However proper maintenance
helps us to keep the vehicle running
CONCLUSION:
smoothly.

Within the next two years, you could

see the first air-powered vehicle motoring
through your town. Most likely, it will be the
evolution car that is being built by Zero
Pollution Motors, in Brignoles, France. The
cars have generated a lot of interest in recent
years, and the Mexican government has
already signed a deal to buy 40,000 Automobile engineering publisher
e.Volutions to replace gasoline- and diesel- G.K.Gupta
powered taxis in the heavily polluted