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Local
Anesthesia
Toxicity
- Short and long acting LA can be mixed to obtain rapid onset with longer
duration.
-Onset time is longer than other drugs b/c most of the radicals (about 80%)
bind to sodium channel proteins effectively
Prilocaine (Citanest)
--Identical pKa and same conc. with lidocaine
--Less toxic in higher doses than lidocaine b/c small vasodilatory activity
Articaine (Septocaine )
--newest local anesthetic drug approved by FDA in 2000
--Same pKa and toxicity as lidocaine, but its half-life is less than about of
lidocaine
Lidocaine:
In 1940, the first modern local anesthetic agent was lidocaine, trade name
Xylocaine
Belongs to the amide class, cause little allergenic reaction; its hypoallergenic
Sets on quickly and produces a desired anesthesia effect for several hours
Treatment:
1. Stop injection
2. ABC