SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

DEE2023
END OF CHAPTER

LECTURER NAME : PN. AZURA @ NURUL

SHAHADA BT DAUD.

STUDENT NAME : PREVITHIYA A/P SIVAKUMAR.

REGISTRATION NUMBER : 02DEE15F2016.

CLASS : DEE2A.
1) a. Explain the formation of depletion region with the aid of a suitable
diagram.

P type semiconductor region N type semiconductor region

Depletion region

Depletion region is formed when some of the free electrons in the n-region diffuse
across the junction and combine with holes to form negative join. Thus, leaving
behind positive ions at the donor impurity sites.

b. With the aid of a suitable diagram, explain the meaning of reverse

biased voltage supplied across a P-N junction.

The positive potential of the DC is now being applied to the n region, and the
positive potential of the DC source has been applied to the p region.
The free electrons in the n region is travelled to the positive terminal of the
voltage source and leaving behind a large number of positive ions at the
junction.
Electrons from the negative terminal of the source are attracted to the holes in
the p region of the P-N junction.
c. Explain the effects towards the area of depletion region, junction
resistance and current flow when a P-N junction is supplied with reverse
biased voltage.

Extremely small current called the leakage current or reverse current will past
through the P-N junction.
The minority carriers are forced toward the junction, where they combine,
producing small current.
The P-N junction resistance is extremely high (R ).

2) a. Draw and complete label the I-V characteristic curve of a diode.

IF @ ID Vmax Burning Level.

Forward Bias

breakdown voltage Forward Bias

Compressed VF@VD

vR @ -VD 0.7v Knee voltage

breakdown Reverse for silicon

0.5v

Vmax / Burning
Level

IR @ -ID
b. Draw schematic diagram that show a diode is forward biased and reverse biased.

Forward Biased Reverse Biased

act like:

Short circuit Open circuit

c. i) Name the component show below :

zener diode

ii) Describe how the component in.

Anode Cathode

This zener diode constructed to operate at voltage that are equal to or greater
than the breakdown voltage rating.
Can handle high values of reverse current and still safely dissipate any heat
that was generated.
3) a. Illustrate the characteristics of zener diode as a voltage regulator.

Forward current +I

Reverse breakdown voltage

Reverse bias -V forward bias +V

Zener breakdown or 0.6v

Avalanche region e.g 7.5v

Constant voltage

Reverse current - I

b. Explain the operation of LED, photo diode and laser diode using suitable
diagrams.

anod cathode

LEDs emit light when current pass through them.

Anod cathode

Photodiode is a type of photo detector capable of converting light into either

current or voltage, depending upon the mode of operation.
 Cathode

Anode
Laserdiode is a semiconductor device that produces coherent radiation (in which
the waves are all at the same frequency and phase) in the visible or infrared
spectrum when current passes through it.

4) Referring to the circuit in figure 1, construct the DC loadline for the circuit. Plot
the Q- point of the silicon transistor. (Show all calculations)

= 100
VBE = 0.7V Vcc/Rc 8mA
VCC = 12V
RC = 1.5K
RB = 200K ICQ Q - ponit
5.65mA

VCE(V)
3.525v VCEQ VCC 12v

VBE = VCC VBE VRC = ICRC

=12V 0.7V = (5.65mA)(1.5K)
=11.3 = 8.475V
IB = VRB VCE = VCC-VRC
RB = 12 8.475
= 11.3V = 3.525V
200K
= 0.0565mA ICC = VCC
RC
IC = IB = 12V
= 100(0.0565mA) 1.5K
= 5.65mA = 8mA