GLOSSARY OF

GEOTECHNICAL TERMS
ENGLISH TO CHINESE

GEO REPORT No. 148

Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists

(Hong Kong) Ltd, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering
of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,
Geotechnical Division of The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers,
and Geotechnical Engineering Office

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING OFFICE

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE HONG KONG
SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
 GLOSSARY OF
GEOTECHNICAL TERMS
ENGLISH TO CHINESE

GEO REPORT No. 148

Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists

(Hong Kong) Ltd, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering
of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,
Geotechnical Division of The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers,
and Geotechnical Engineering Office
 - 2 -

The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

First published, July 2004

Prepared by:

Geotechnical Engineering Office,

Civil Engineering and Development Department,
Civil Engineering and Development Building,
101 Princess Margaret Road,
Homantin, Kowloon,
Hong Kong.
 - 3 -

PREFACE

In keeping with our policy of releasing information

which may be of general interest to the geotechnical
profession and the public, we make available selected internal
reports in a series of publications termed the GEO Report
series. The GEO Reports can be downloaded from the
website of the Civil Engineering and Development Department
(http://www.cedd.gov.hk) on the Internet. Printed copies are
also available for some GEO Reports. For printed copies, a
charge is made to cover the cost of printing.

The Geotechnical Engineering Office also produces

documents specifically for publication. These include
guidance documents and results of comprehensive reviews.
These publications and the printed GEO Reports may be
obtained from the Governments Information Services
Department. Information on how to purchase these documents
is given on the last page of this report.

R.K.S. Chan
Head, Geotechnical Engineering Office
July 2004
 - 4 -

FOREWORD

Use of Chinese in oral and written communication on geotechnical and related subjects
is getting common in Hong Kong. This Glossary contains a comprehensive collection of the
Chinese translations of about 6,500 terms frequently met by geotechnical professionals in
Hong Kong in their work. In some cases, a geotechnical term may be translated into
Chinese in more than one way due to different local usage, language style, or personal
preference. The different translations are listed in the Glossary for reference by readers.

The Glossary was jointly produced by the Association of Geotechnical and

Geoenvironmental Specialists (Hong Kong) Ltd., the Department of Civil and Structural
Engineering of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the Geotechnical Division of the
Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, and the Geotechnical Engineering Office of the Civil
Engineering and Development Department. A Steering Group, comprising Dr C.K. Lau,
Dr Victor K.S. Li, Dr David X.C. Li, Mr H.N. Wong and Professor J.H. Yin, oversaw the
compilation of the Glossary. Professor John Wang prepared a glossary for terms used in
Geotechnical Manual for Slopes; these terms have also been incorporated in this Glossary.
Mr Philip W.K. Chung and Mr Jerry L. P. Ho assisted in the final phase of compilation of the
Glossary. Many other geotechnical professionals in Hong Kong and elsewhere have
provided invaluable advice, suggestions and assistance.

We hope that the Glossary will facilitate the use of Chinese in the geotechnical
profession and help standardize the Chinese translation of the commonly used geotechnical
terms in Hong Kong. Comments and suggestions for improvement to this Glossary are most
welcome. These should be addressed to Chief Geotechnical Engineer/Planning Division of
Geotechnical Engineering Office, 11/F, Civil Engineering and Development Building, 101
Princess Margaret Road, Homantin, Kowloon. A proforma to facilitate provision of
feedback is given at the end of this report.

Y.C. Chan
Deputy Head, Geotechnical Engineering Office
(Planning and Standards)
 - 5 -

EXPLANATORY NOTES

1. The Glossary provides the Chinese equivalent of about 6,500 geotechnical terms in
English which are listed bilingually in alphabetical order.

2. For an English term which can be translated into two or more Chinese terms with
similar meanings, the Chinese translations are separated by a coma, e.g.
bulking

3. For an English term which can be translated into two or more Chinese terms of
different meanings, the Chinese translations are separated by semicolons, e.g.
fill

4. For an English term which can be translated into a Chinese term with different Chinese
characters, the alternative Chinese characters are placed in square brackets, e.g.
oscillograph []

5. For a term where there are optional words that elaborate on the term, the optional
words are placed in brackets, e.g.
meteoric water ()

6. Words that define the context in which a term is used are placed in parentheses before
the Chinese translation, e.g.
pinhole test ()
 - 6 -

1.

2.

bulking

3.

fill

4.
oscillograph []

5.

meteoric water ()

6.

pinhole test ()
 - 7 -

A activity index, A
additional stress
abrasion action additive constant
abrasives adhesion
absolute age adhesive
absorbed layer adjusted value
absorbed water () adjustment ()
absorption limit adjustment item
absorption loss administrative procedure
abutment Admiralty Chart
abutment wall admissible load
abysmal deposit admixture
Accelerated Landslip Preventive Measures Project advance works
adverse geological condition []
acceptable wave condition Advisory Council on the Environment
acceptance of tender
accident investigation Advisory Letter (on slope maintenance) ()
accident loading condition
accident report [] aeolian soil
accident statistics []() aeration zone
accredited private laboratory aeration zone water
accumulated deformation aerated water
accuracy aerial camera/air camera
acidic corrosion [] aerial mapping
acidic igneous rock aerial photogrammetry
acidity and alkalinity test
acidity test aerial photograph interpretation, API
acid-pickling []
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, ADCP aerial photograph (vertical or oblique) ()
[]
acoustic emission monitoring aerial photographic survey
acoustic exploration aerial survey/air survey
acoustic frequency geo-electric field method aerobe
age-dating (of rock) ()
acoustic piezometer ageing
acoustic prospecting agglomerate
acquisition () aggregate () ()
acrylamide grouting aggregate abrasion value
active clay aggregate impact value
active earth pressure, pa agitator
active fault A-horizon A
active intensity forecasting AIEG (Association of International Engineering
active isolation [] Geology)
active mitigation strategies air compressor
active period air content, ac
active pile air jet
active stabilizer air permeability []
active state air permeability test []
active state of plastic equilibrium air space ratio, Ga
air test
active water () air void ratio, Gv
active zone air voids (of a soil) ()()
activity air-curtain method
 - 8 -

air-dried soil amplitude of vibration

air-lift equipment amplitude ratio
air-lock anaerobe
Airport Core Programme, ACP anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria
air-water
alert criteria anchor (in slope works) ()
alert level
alignment (pipe alignment) () anchor block
alignment survey anchor bolt
A-line () A anchor cable
all round pressure [] anchor pile
allocation condition anchor plate
anchor rod
allocation plan anchor wall []
allowable amplitude anchorage []
allowable bearing capacity anchorage area
allowable bearing pressure anchorage force
allowable bearing value anchorage shear test
allowable deformation anchored bulkhead [][]
allowable error anchored sheet piling []
allowable load anchoring
allowable movement ancillary works
allowable pile bearing load andesite
allowable settlement andesite tuff
allowable soil pressure anemometer
allowable vibration acceleration ANFO blasting agent
allowance for corrosion loss angle of contact ()
alluvial (clay, silt, sand) () angle of dilatancy
alluvial plain angle of external friction
alluvial soil angle of inclination
alluvial terrace angle of internal friction,
alluvium angle of obliquity
all-weather angle of reach
alternating load angle of repose
alternating strain angle of rupture
alternating stress angle of shearing resistance
alternation angle of shearing strength
alternative design angle of skin friction
altimeter angle of slope
altitude angle of true internal friction
aluminum octahedron angle of wall friction,
ambient pressure [] angular
ambient temperature [] angularity chart
amendment angularity factor
Amenity () [] anidrite
amenity area anion adsorption
American Association of State Highway and anion exchange
Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard anisotropic consolidation

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) anisotropic hardening
Standards anisotropic medium
amplification factor anisotropic soil
amplitude magnification factor
 - 9 -

anisotropy aseismic region

anthropogenic asphalt
anticline asphalt mix design
anti-flocculation asphalt paver
anti-slide pile aspirator
anvil assembly
A-parameter A Assessment Panel
aperture size Association of Consulting Engineers of Hong Kong,
aplite ACEHK
apparent angle of internal friction Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental
apparent cohesion Specialists (Hong Kong) Ltd.
apparent preconsolidation pressure
Association of Government Land and Engineering
apparent shearing strength Surveying Officers, AGLESO
apparent velocity
approach channel Association of Government Local Land Surveyors,
AGLLS
approach road
Association of Government Technical and Survey
approach velocity
Officers, AGTSO
approved concrete mix
associative flow rule
approved contractor
astronomical tide
approved plan
atmospheric water

attenuation
approved project estimate
Atterberg Limits
approved suppliers of materials
attitude ()
apron
auger
aquiclude
auger bit
aquifer
auger boring
aquitard
auger drill
arch action (in soil) ()
auger pile
Archaeozoic
Authorized Person, AP
Archean () ()
authority
arching
authority concerned
Area Committee
authority for approval
area load
authorization
area ratio ()
Authorized Land Surveyor
argillaceous rock ()
authorized marine borrow area
arid region

arithmetical check
autograph
armour ()
autographic record
armour layer
automatic raingauge
armour rock
automatic ram pile driver
artesian aquifer
auto-telemetering
artesian basin
availability of land
artesian ground water
avalanche
artesian water
average maximum wave height
artesian well
average stress
articles of agreement
axial

axial bearing capacity []
artificial ground
axial compression
as-constructed drawing
axial extension test
as-constructed plan
axial load
aseismatic design
axial pressure
 - 10 -

axial strain
axial stress
axial symmetry
azimuth
 - 11 -

B batching plant
batholith
back analysis bathyal deposit
back drain bathymetric survey
back osmotic pressure bathymetry
back pressure () batter leader pile driver
back-calculation batter pile
backfill batter
backfilling Baumehydrometer
background noise level beach sand
backing concrete beacon
back-up area beam under foundation
backward erosion bearing ()
backwater effect bearing capacity
bad land bearing capacity factor ()
bagged concrete
bailer bearing course
balance cone () bearing graph ()
balance in water quantity bearing layer
ballast bearing pile
balloon densimeter bearing plate
balloon volumeter bearing stratum
band drain bearing test
banded clay bedded rock slope
band-shaped prefabricated drain bedding
bank (of channel) () bedding error ()
banquette bedding layer
barge bedding plane
barging point bedrock
barium sulphate test belled pile
barrel () belling bucket
barrette benched foundation
barrier effect () benchmark
Barrons consolidation theory bending moment
basal conglomerate bending schedule
basalt bending strength
basalt dyke benefit analysis
base course () benthic seabed grab survey
base exchange capacity benthic
base exchange bentonite
base heave failure bentonite liner
base level bentonite slurry
base shearing resistance berm (on a slope) ()
base tilt factor () berm ()
baseline bermstone
basement wall berth configuration coefficient
basic igneous rock berth
basic intensity berthing
basin berthing and landing facilities
basin-range landform berthing condition
batching and mixing plant(concrete) () berthing energy ()
berthing load
 - 12 -

berthing reaction bog

best-estimate parameter bog peat
B-horizon B () B boiling
bias bollard
bias of risk bolt
biaxial state of stress bolting
bilinear model bond
bills of quantities bonding
binder course () bondsman
Bingham model bonus payment
biological weathering book clay
Biots consolidation theory bookhouse fabric
biota tissue border pile
biotite bored pile
birds-eye view borehole
Bishops simplified method of slice borehole camera
borehole direct shear device
bitumen borehole extensometer
bitumen grouting borehole log
blanket borehole periscope
blanket grouting borehole spacing
blast borehole specimen
blast cleaning borehole surveying
blasting (e.g. rock blasting) () borescope ()
blasting by abrasive (e.g. sand blasting) boring (for ground investigation) ()
() boring bit
blasting certificate boring by percussion
blasting compaction method boring casing
blasting site boring frame
blasting works boring log
bleeder well boring machine
blind catch basin boring rig
blind drain boring rod
blinding () borrow area
blinding layer borrow pit
block diagram Boston blue clay
block sample bottom dump
blockage bottom heave
blockage of drain bottom pressure
blocking leaking bottom-dump barge
blockwork seawall boulder
blockwork wall boulder clay
blow count boulder fall
blow-in
blown sand boulder fence
blown tip pile Boulder Field Inventory
blows (in SPT) () bouldery colluvium
blow-up () bound water
bluff boundary condition
boat hoist boundary element
body force boundary element method
body wave boundary mark
 - 13 -

boundary wall bulk density

Bourdon gauge bulk explosives
Boussinesq solution bulk modulus
Boussinesq theory bulk sample
box caisson bulk shrinkage
box culvert bulk unit weight
box foundation bulk weight
box pile bulk volume
B-parameter B bulkhead
braced excavation bulking factor
braced sheeting bulking
bracing bulldozer
bracing arrangement () bund
Brazilian test buoy
break damage buoyancy
break line buoyant density, '
breakdown pressure buoyant foundation
breaking strain buoyant pile
breaking stress buoyant unit weight, '
breaking wave burette
breakwater Burgers model
breast wall buried karst
breccia buried pile cap
bridge abutment buried structure
briefing session buried water-carrying services
briefly frozen soil bursting
British Standards, BS bus bay
British Standards Institution, BSI bus lay-by
brittle failure butt
brittle fracture buttress
brittleness index buttressed retaining wall
brooming ()() buttressed wall
Brownian movement by-pass seepage
bucket
bucket auger
bucket dredger
bucket ladder dredger
buckling
Building (Administration) Regulations ()

Building (Construction) Regulations ()

Building Authority
building code
Building Management Committee, BMC

Buildings Ordinance
built-in component
bulb pile
bulging (of ground) ()
bulk check
bulk compressibility
 - 14 -

C capping piece
capture fisheries
cable percussion boring carbonaceous mudstone
cable tool drill Carboniferous ()
cadastral plan cardboard drain
cadastral survey cardhouse fabric
cage of reinforcement cargo working/handling area
caisson Carlson stress meter
caisson foundation cartographic
caisson wall Casagrandes soil classification
calcareous concretion
calcareous tufa case history
calcite case study
calculated self-weight collapse cased borehole
calculation model cased pile
calculous soil casing
calendar day cast iron
calibrate/calibration [] cast-in fixing bolt
calibration test [] casting
California Bearing Ratio, CBR casting yard/basin
calling for tender cast-in-place pile
calorimetric method cast-in-situ
Cambrian () () cast-in-situ pile
Cambridge Model () cataclasis
camkometer cataclasite
cantilever footing cataclastic
cantilever pile Catalogue of Slopes
cantilever retaining wall catastrophic prediction
cantilever sheet piling catch-drain
cantilevered footpath catchment
cap catchment area [][]
cap model
high capacity road catchpit
capblock
capillarimeter catchwater
capillarity categories of cost
capillary action cathodic protection
capillary fringe cathodic protection system
capillary head cation exchange
capillary height, hc cation exchange capacity
capillary migration causative fault
capillary pressure cavern
capillary rise, hc Cavern Project Study, CAPRO
capillary tension cavernous marble
capillary water () cavernous rock
capital cost caving
capital works contract cavity ()
Capital Works Reserve Fund, CWRF cavity expansion theory
cell pressure () () (
capital works )
capped yield model cellular bulkhead
capping () cellular cofferdam
 - 15 -

cellular retaining wall C-horizon C

cellular steel sheet pile chunam ()
cellular texture chunam cover ()
cement chunk sample
cement grouting churn drill
cement injection [] churn drilling
cement mortar cinder
cementation circle of stress
cemented soil circular arc analysis
cementing agent circular foundation
cement-stabilized soil circular frequency
cement-treated-soil grout () circular road
Central Tender Board circular slip surface ()
centrifugal model test circulation
centrifuge moisture equivalent, CME classical earth pressure theory
centrifuge test classification and index tests
ceramic filter classification test ()
certificate of completion clastic flow
certified true copy clastic structure
clay binder
chain bucket dredger clay blanket () ()
chain sounding clay content
chainage clay fraction
chainman clay grouting
chalk clay loam
chalky clay clay mineral
chamber clay onion-skin bond
channel clay partings
channel of flow clay platelet
channelization ratio clay puddle
channelized debris flow clay shale
clay stratum
characteristic clay-cement grouting
characteristic compressive strength clayey sand
characteristic load clayey silt
characteristic strength claystone
Chart Datum, CD clean-out auger
chartered engineer clearance
charting clearance application
chaser clearance programme
checking of design record cleavage () ()
checking certificate cliff
checklist climatic effect
chemical churning pile climatic environment
chemical grouting clinometer
chemical injection process clogging
chemical stabilization closed conduit
chemical weathering closed system
chequer plate closing error
chimney drain () closure of road
chloride content cloup
chopping bit cluster structure
 - 16 -

coagulant coefficient of seismic effect

coagulation coefficient of self-weight collapsibility
coagulator
coal gangue coefficient of shrinkage
coal tar epoxy coefficient of softening
coarse aggregate coefficient of sorting
coarse ash tuff coefficient of stiffness
coarse fraction content coefficient of subgrade reaction, ks
coarse grained soil coefficient of swelling
coarse particle coefficient of thaw
coarse sand coefficient of thaw compression
coastal habitat coefficient of thaw-subsidence
coastline coefficient of thermal conductivity
coated pile coefficient of thermometric conductivity
coaxiality coefficient of thermometric transmission
cobble coefficient of uniformity
code coefficient of vertical consolidation, cv
code of practice
coefficient of active earth pressure, Ka coefficient of viscosity,
coefficient of volume change
coefficient of adhesion coefficient of volume compressibility
coefficient of attenuation cofferdam
coefficient of collapsibility cofferdam-bracing
coefficient of compressibility, av cohesiometer
coefficient of consolidation, cv cohesion, c
coefficient of consolidation for radial flow cohesionless soil
cohesive soil
coefficient of correlation collapse
coefficient of curvature collapse post
coefficient of deformation collapse settlement
coefficient of dynamic viscosity collapsibility
coefficient of earth pressure at rest, Ko collapsibility grading index
collapsible loess
coefficient of elastic non-uniform compression collapsible soil
collar (of a drill hole) ()
coefficient of elastic shear collection station
coefficient of elastic uniform compression collector well
colloid fraction
coefficient of foundation ditchs rebound colloidal particle
colluvial fan
coefficient of friction, colluvial lobe
coefficient of horizontal consolidation, ch colluvium
colonnade foundation
coefficient of internal friction colonnade foundation process
coefficient of kinematic viscosity colour code []
coefficient of passive earth pressure, Kp column
column pile
coefficient of permeability, k columnar joint
coefficient of resilience columnar structure
coefficient of restitution combined footing
coefficient of rigidity combustible/flammable liquid
coefficient of secondary consolidation commercial explosives

commissioned
Commissioner of Mines
commitment
communal drain
communal service
compacted depth
compacted fill
compacted lift
compacted refuse
compacted soil
compactibility
compacting factor
compacting fraction value
compaction
compaction by rolling
compaction by vibrating roller
compaction characteristic
compaction curve
compaction device
compaction mould
compaction pile
compaction test
compactive effort
compactness
compactor
compactor pass ()
compass
compatibility equation
compensated foundation
completely decomposed rock
completion certificate
complex landslide
compliance criteria
compliance monitoring
compliance test
composite columnar section
composite pile
composite sliding surface
composite slope
Comprehensive Development Area, CDA ()
Comprehensive Feasibility Study
comprehensive geophysical method
comprehensive prediction
compressed-air caisson
compressed-air hammer
compressed-air method ()
compressed-air tamper
compressibility (of soil or rock) ()
compressibility ratio
- 17 -
compressible soil
compression
compression and recovery test
compression curve
compression index, Cc
compression test
compression wave, P-wave P
compression zone
compressive deformation
compressive strain, c
compressive strength
compressive stress, c
compresso-crushed zone
computation simulation
concentrated load
concentration
concentration factor ()
conceptual design
concrete
concrete batching plant
concrete blockwork wall
concrete buttress
concrete corer
concrete cutter
concrete design
concrete gravity platform
concrete groover
concrete mix
concrete mixer
concrete paving
concrete paving train
concrete pile
concrete pump
concrete tubular pile
condensation water
condensed water
conditions of contract
conditions of tender
conduit
conduit jacking
cone bearing test
cone foundation
cone of depression ()
cone of groundwater influence
cone penetration test, CPT
cone penetration test with pore pressure measurement
cone penetrometer ()
cone resistance, qc
confined aquifer
 - 18 -

confined compression test constant-force-amplitude excitation

confined scar constitutive equation
confined water constitutive law
confining pressure, 3 () constitutive relation
conformable bedding constrained diameter
conglomerate constrained modulus
connate water construction and demolition[C&D]material
connection
consequence of failure construction and demolition[C&D]material sorting
facility
consequence construction and demolition[C&D]waste
consequence to life category () construction cost index
Conservation Area, CA construction fabrics
Considerate Contractor Site Award Scheme construction fibers
construction joint
consistency construction load
consistency index, CI Construction Noise Permit
consistency limits construction sequence
consistency test Construction Site Safety Handbook
consolidated anisotropically undrained test, CAU-test
construction standard
consolidated isotropically undrained test, CIU-test consultancy agreement
consultancy brief
consolidated undrained triaxial compression test, consultant
CU-test consultant management
consolidated-drained direct shear test, CD-test consultants fees
Consultants Remuneration Index, CRI
consolidated-drained triaxial compression test,
CD-test consulting engineer
consolidation contact erosion
consolidation apparatus contact pressure
consolidation by electro-osmosis contact scouring
consolidation curve contaminated
consolidation deformation contaminated dredged material
consolidation grouting contaminated mud
consolidation settlement contaminated mud pit
consolidation test continental shelf
consolidation test under constant loading rate contingency action
contingency sum
consolidation test under constant rate of strain continual loading test, CL-test
continuing professional development
consolidometer continuous footing
constant gradient test continuous medium
constant head permeability test continuous sampling
contour
constant head permeameter contour interval
constant head test contract
constant pressure device contract administration
constant rate of penetration test, CRP-test () contract adviser
contract document
constant rate of uplift test, CRU-test () contract management
contract number
constant volume test contract payment
 - 19 -

contract period coupled vibration

contract price fluctuation covalent bond
contractile skin covered conduit
contractive soil covered footbridge
contractor covering layer
contractors superintendence crack
contractual arrangement crack deformation
contractual claim cradle
control countermeasure craftsman
control of geological hazard crane
control station[mark][point] credible debris flowpath []
control survey []
controlled blasting (of rock) () creep
() creep limit
controlled gradient () creep rate
controlled-stress test creep rupture
conversion factor creep settlement
conversion works creep strain
convex wall creep strength
conveyor belt creep test
conveyor screw creep value
coordinates creep-path length ()
coping crest
core crest level
core barrel Cretaceous () ()
core drill crevice karst ()
core drill rig crevice-water
core drilling crib cofferdam
core of the breakwater crib retaining wall
core recovery Crisis Communications Centre of GEO
core sample
core sampler criteria
core wall critical
corehole critical acceleration
corestone critical angle of refraction
corner-points method () critical circle
correlation analysis critical damping
corrigendum critical density
corrosion critical depth
corrosion protection critical duration
corrosive water [] critical edge pressure
cost estimation critical factor
cost reimbursable item critical failure surface
Coulombs earth pressure theory critical flow velocity
Coulombs law critical frequency
counter drain critical height of slope
counter ion critical hydraulic gradient, ic
counter-bore critical load
counterfort critical slide curve
counterfort drain critical slope
counterfort retaining wall critical stable state
counterweight fill critical state
 - 20 -

critical state energy theory cushion

critical state line custody
critical state locus cut
critical state model cut and cover method ()
critical state soil mechanics cut-and-fill
critical state strength cut-off drain
critical surface cut-off level
critical void ratio cut-off trench
crooked zone cut-off wall
crop cut slope (soil cut slope, rock cut slope) (
cross bedding )
cross border control facilities cutter suction dredger
cross mouthed drill
cross section cutting edge
cross sensitivity cutting jet
cross-flow force cutting ring
crosshole method cuttings of boring
cross-sectional area cycle of vibration
cross-sectional shape cyclic change
cross-stratification cyclic degradation
Crown Land Ordinance cyclic load test
crown (of landslide) () cyclic loading
crushed stone cyclic simple shear test
crushing and screening plants cyclic strain softening
crushing failure cyclic stress
crushing strength cyclic triaxial test
crust cyclone pump
crustal stability cylindrical rubber fender
cryogenic sampler
cryogenics
cryology
cryopedology
crystal lattice
crystal structure
crystal water
cubic dilatation
cubical triaxial test apparatus
Culmann construction ()
culvert
cumulative impact monitoring
cumulative rainfall
cumulose soil
cuplock joint scaffold
curing
curing compound
current
current measurement
current meter
curtain grout
curtain wall
curvature
curve fitting
 - 21 -

D deep compaction
deep consolidation
daily site record [] deep densification
dam deep displacement
damage index deep excavation
damp deep foundation
damp proof course deep foundation pit
damping deep fracture zone
damping factor deep mixing method
damping ratio deep pumped well
dampproofing deep rotational failure
Dangerous Goods Licence deep seated landslide
Dangerous Goods Ordinance deep settlement gauge
dangerous goods deep sounding test
Dangerous Hillside Order deep well method
dangerous rockmass deeply weathered
dangerous slope deep-seated slide
dangerous terrain deep-sea sediment
Darcys law deep-well pump
dashpot deflected pile
data acquisition deflection
data processing system deflection curve
data reduction deflection inclinometer []
datum station deflectometer
daywork rate deformation
dead load deflocculating agent
dead load test (on soil) () deflocculation
deformeter
deadman deformation body
deaired water deformation calculation
debris () deformation parameters test
debris avalanche deformation petrofabric
debris flood deformation resolution ()
debris flow defrosting
debris flow deposit degradation
debris flow fan degradation index
debris run-out degradation parameter
debris slide degree of compaction
debris torrent degree of consolidation, U
decay time degree of freedom
decision theory degree of roundness
deck ( degree of saturation (of a soil), Sr ()
) degree of sensitivity
declared emergency degree of shrinkage
decompaction dehydration test
decomposed granite delegation
decomposed volcanics (volcanic rock) delegation of power
decomposition delta
decompression deltaic deposit
decompression curve Demec gauge
decreasing axial pressure fracture test dense sand
densification
 - 22 -

density, detonating fuse

density bottle detonating relay
density index, ID , Dr detonator
density meter detrimental settlement
density of collapse detrital sediment
detritus
density of dry soil, d
devegetation
density of saturated soil, sat
development clearance
density of soil, development programme
density of solid particles, s deviator stress
density of submerged soil, ' deviatoric state of stress
density of water, w Devonian () ()
density probe dewatering
densometer D-horizon D
dentition (on a rock slope) () diagenesis
denudation diagonal eyepiece
deposition point () dial gauge
deposit diaphragm
depression cone diaphragm pump
depth factor () diaphragm wall [][]
depth of foundation diatomaceous earth
depth of frost penetration dielectric constant
depth of penetration dielectric dispersion
depth of scour diesel pile hammer
depth ratio () differential frost heave
derived plan Differential Global Positioning System, DGPS
derrick barge
desertification differential heave
desiccation differential settlement
desiccator differential thermal analysis
design differential-acting steam hammer
design and construction difficult ground
design assumption
design calculation model diffraction
design calculation diffuse double layer
design code diffuse flow ()
design criteria diffusion layer
design event diffusion potential
design life digital echo sounder
design load digital map
design mix digital map data
design stage digital tape
design strength digital terrain model
Designated Area digitizer
desilting material dike
desk study dilatancy
deswamping dilatancy test
detailed design dilatation
detailed exploration dilatational wave, P-wave P
detailed geotechnical investigation dilate
[][] dilation
detailed survey dilation rate
 - 23 -

dilative soil distortional wave, S-wave S

dilatometer distress
diluvial fan distress light ()
diluvial soil distress signal ()
diluvium distributed load
dimension plan distribution
dimensional analysis distributor road
diorite district distributor road
dip District Lands Conference
dip angle District Lands Office, DLO
dip direction () District Open Space , DO ()
dipmeter District Survey Office, DSO
dipole disturbance
direct approach disturbed sample
direct shear apparatus () disturbed soil
direct shear test disturbed terrain
direct simple shear test, DSS-test disturbed-terrain failure
disaggregation disturbing force
disaster reduction disused tunnel
discharge ditch
discharge of drilling water diversion
discharge orifice diversion of existing utilities
discharge velocity diving bell
disclaimer () diving inspection
disconformeable plane dock
discontinuity (plane) dolerite
discontinuous structure [] dolerite dyke
discretization doline
disintegration dolly
disk pile dolomite
disklike rock core dolphin
dislocation () dolphin sanctuary
dislodge domain fabric
dispersant dome foundation
dispersed structure Doppler Effect
dispersing agent dot recording system
dispersion double amplitude
dispersion coefficient double diaphragm pressure cell
dispersive soil double layer
displaced material () double shear test
displacement (slope) () double track tunnel
displacement gradient field double tube core barrel sampler
displacement increment
displacement pile double-acting steam hammer
disposal double-specimen oedometer test
disposal dump double-wall sheet pile cofferdam
dissipation dowel bar
dissipation test () dowel pile
dissolved oxygen dowelled ()
dissolved salts down drag pressure
distilled water downdrag ()
distortion settlement downhole geophysical test []
 - 24 -

downhole method driven pile

downhole T.V. camera driving band ()
draft () driving cap
draft plan driving formula
drag force driving record
draghead () driving stress
drain driving test
drainage drop hammer
drainage area drop-impact penetrometer
drainage blanket dropping test
drainage by electro-osmosis Drucker-Prager criterion -
drainage channel dry compaction
drainage gallery dry density, d
drainage line dry film thickness
drainage material dry oven
drainage path dry rodding ()
drainage provision dry sieving
drainage reserve dry strength, sd
drainage system dry tamping ()
drainage well
dry unit weight, d
drained shear test
dry-drilled pile
drained triaxial test
duct
drawdown (of groundwater)
duct friction
drawdown curve
ductile iron
drawdown ratio
ductility
dredge level
Dumping Licence
dredge loss
dumping site
dredgeability
dumping truck
dredged material
dune
dredging ()
Dupuits equation
dressed block
durability
drift
duration
drill bit
dust
drill cutting and dust
dustpan dredger
drill rig
Dutch cone penetrometer
drilled caisson
Dutch cone test
drilled pier dye and tracer study
drilled shaft dye test
driller dyeing
drilling dynamic analysis
drilling fluid dynamic compaction
drilling hole dynamic cone penetrometer
drilling log dynamic consolidation
drilling mud dynamic effective stress method
drilling record dynamic elastic modulus, Ed
drilling rig dynamic load
drilling rod dynamic load test of pile
drilling machine dynamic magnification factor
drillrod dynamic oedometer
drive head () dynamic penetration test
drive sampler [] dynamic pile-driving formula
driven cast-in-place pile () dynamic point resistance, qd
 - 25 -

dynamic reciprocity
dynamic resistance, rd
dynamic response
dynamic sounding
dynamic strain
dynamic stress
dynamic subgrade reaction
dynamic survey
dynamic triaxial test
dynamic viscosity
dynamite
 - 26 -

E earth-rockfill dam
earth slump
earth earthwork ()
earth anchor easement
earth auger eccentrically loaded footing
earth backing eccentricity coefficient
earth beam test eccentricity ()
earth borer echo sounder
earth cofferdam echo sounding
earth crust economic benefit
earth dam ageing economic consequence
earth drill economic risk
earth embankment economical loss
earth excavation edge-to-face flocculation
earth fill eductor well point
earth fill cofferdam effect of surcharge
earth load effective angle of internal friction, '
earth pile effective cohesion intercept, c' []
earth pressure () effective diameter, d10 ()
earth pressure at rest, K0 effective drainage porosity ()
earth pressure cell effective (grain) size, d10 ()
earth pressure coefficient effective normal stress,'
earth science effective overburden pressure, '
vo
earth stress effective porosity
earthenware pipe effective pressure
earthfill slope effective stress parameters
earthflow effective stress path, ESP
earthquake
effective stress, '
earthquake centre
effective surcharge
earthquake damage
effective unit weight
earthquake engineering
efficiency formula ()
earthquake epicenter
efficiency index of curing compound
earthquake fault

earthquake focus
ejector well point
earthquake force
elastic beam
earthquake hazard evaluation
elastic compression
earthquake hypocenter
elastic constant
earthquake intensity
elastic deformation
earthquake liquefaction
elastic distortion
earthquake magnitude
elastic equilibrium
earthquake prediction
elastic foundation
earthquake proof construction
elastic half-space theory
earthquake proof foundation
elastic heave
earthquake proof joint
elastic limit
earthquake resistant design
elastic line
earthquake resistant structure
elastic medium
earthquake response spectrum
elastic modulus
earthquake scale
elastic semi-infinite body
earthquake subsidence
elastic settlement
earthquake wave
elastic state of equilibrium
earthquake zone
elastic strain energy
earth-rock dam
elastic subgrade reaction
 - 27 -

elastic theory elevation

elastic visco-plastic model
elastic wall ()
elastic wave
elastic-plastic behavior
elastic-plastic model
elastic-plastic solid
elastic-plasticity of soil
elastomer
elasto-plasticity theory
electric bar bender and cutter
electric detonator (instantaneous/delayed)
()
electric crane
electric double layer
electric logging
electric profiling
electrical analog method
electrical piezometer
electrical prospecting
electrical resistivity
electrical sounding
electrochemical effect
electrochemical hardening
electrochemical process
electrochemical stabilization
electrokinetic coupling
electrokinetic phenomena
electrokinetic potential ()
electrolyte
electrolytic corrosion
electromagnetic attraction
electromagnetic oscillator
electromagnetic prospecting
electromagnetic subsurface probing
electron microscope
electronic chart
electronic distance measurement
electronic distance meter
electronic equipment
electronic map
electro-osmosis
electro-osmotic drainage
electro-osmotic stabilization
electro-osmotic transmission coefficient
electrophoresis
electrostatic force
element
elevated interchange
elevated sliproad
elevated structure
elevation of borehole
elevation tint
eligible tenderer
ellipsoid
e-log p curve e-log p
elongate channelized scar ()
()
elongate scar ()()
elongation
elutriation test
eluvial soil
eluviation
eluvium
embankment
embankment collapse
embankment dam
embayment and channel
embeded construction
embeded depth
embedment
emergency barging point
Emergency Control Centre of GEO
Emergency Monitoring and Support Centre, EMSC
emergency services
emergency vehicle
emergency works
empirical correlation
empirical method
end resistance (of pile)
end restraint effect
end-bearing pile
endochronic theory
endorsement
end-tipping
end-tipping of fill
end-tipped fill slope
energy ratio
engineer inspection (for slope maintenance) (
)
engineer inspection for maintenance
engineered fill
engineering analysis
Engineering and Associated Consultants Selection
Board, EACSB
engineering geological condition
engineering geological evaluation
engineering geological exploration
engineering geological investigation
()
 - 28 -

engineering geological map epoxy resin

engineering geological mapping equation ()
engineering geological problem equipotential lines
engineering geological prospecting equipressure lines
engineering geology equivalent angle of internal friction
engineering judgement equivalent consolidation pressure
Engineering News formula () equivalent damping ratio
engineering practice equivalent diameter ()()
engineering property equivalent fluid
Engineering Supervisor (for Graduate training) equivalent footing analogy
equivalent grain size
engineering survey equivalent lumped system
engineering treatment equivalent soil layer method ()
engineering works equivalent specific heat
Engineers Registration Board equivalent stress
enlarged base () equivalent time
entire optimization equivalent weight replacement method ()
entrained material
entrainment factor [] equivoluminal wave
erosion
entrapped air erosion activity
entropy erosion gully
entrusted project erosion surface
entrustment erratic soil profile
envelope of failure especially difficult areas
Environment,Transport and Works Bureau Technical establishment period
Circular estavelle ()
environmental effect estimate
environmental geology estimated cost
environmental pollution estuarine deposit
environmental protection estuary
Environmental Contractors Management Association Eurocode
European Standards, EN
environmental data excavation
environmental engineering geology Excavation Permit
excavation works
environmental factor (in slope engineering) ( excavator
) excavator(wheeled/tracked)
environmental hydrogeology excess pore water pressure, ue
environmental impact assessment, EIA
excessive deformation
environmental implication exchange capacity ()
Environmental Pollution Advisory Committee, exchange complex
EPCOM exchangeable ion
environmentally sensitive industries excitation
exciting force
eolian deposit executive summary
e-p curve e-p exhausted
epeirogenic movement exit angle
epeirogeny exit gradient
epicenter exogenic geological hazard
epoxy coated exogenous process
epoxy mortar
 - 29 -

expanding auger
expandability
expansion apparatus
expansion index ()
expansion joint
expansive soil
expenditure
exploded pile
exploitation
exploration
exploratory adit
exploratory bore-hole
exploratory phase
exploratory pit
exploratory point
exploratory shaft
exploratory trench
explosive compaction []
explosives depot
explosives stores
exposed
extension of contract period
extension of tender validity period

extension test
extensometer

extreme sea level
external distribution road
external instability
external water pressure
extract
extractor ()
extrapolation
extra-sensitive clay
extreme event
extreme loading condition
extreme rainstorm
extruder
extrusion test
extrusive rock
 - 30 -

F Fellenius method of slices

fen
fabric analysis fence diagram
fabric anisotropy fencing
fabric form fender ()
fabric peak strength fender pile
fabric () ; () fender restraint beam
facing stone fendering
facing fendering system
factor Ferett triangle ()
factor of reduction () ferrohydrite
factor of safety against overturning fetch length
factor of safety against sliding fetch limited
factor of safety (global, partial), F ( fibrous soil
) fiducial mark
Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance field bearing test
field book
fail field data []
failure field density test
failure criterion field identification
failure envelope field inspection [][]
failure load field investigation []
failure mechanism field loading test
failure plane field measurement []
failure scar field moisture equivalent
failure strain, f field recompression curve
failure stress, f field sheet
failure surface field survey
failure wedge field test
failure volume field vane test
fairway fill
fall () () fill compaction test
falling cone method () fill material
falling head permeability test fill placement technique
fill platform
falsework fill resources
fault fill slope ()
fault block fill source
fault breccia fill structure
fault creep filter
fault displacement filter blanket
fault gouge filter mat
fault line filter material
fault zone filter paper drain
feasibility filtration
feasibility design final penetration ()
feasibility study final set ()
feature code () final settlement
fee proposal final sounding survey
feeler inspection Finance Committee, FC
feldspar Financial and Accounting Regulations
feldspar porphyry dyke
 - 31 -

fine aggregate flow curve ()

fine gravel flow function
fine sand flow index
fine-grained soil flow lines
fines (silt and clay-sized particles) () flow monitoring
finger pier flow path
finite difference method flow rule
finite element method, FEM () flow slide
firm clay flowing artesian water
fissure flownet ()
fissure water flowmeter
fissured clay fluid mud
fitting fluidised bed
fixed boundary condition fluvial deposit
fixed piston sampler fluvial erosion
fixed price lump sum contract fluvial soil ()
fixed-ring consolidometer fluvial terrace
flaky constituent fluvio-marine deposit
flame cleaning flyash stabilized soil
flat dilatometer foaming
flat jack foil sampler
flexible conduit fold
flexible foundation foliation []
flexible load follower
flexible pavement follow-up action
flexible retaining structure footing
footing analogy
flexible structure footing beam
flexible wall footpath
flexural rigidity footway
flexural stress force
flexure force polygon
floating crane forced vibration
floating dock on-shore facility forecast
floating foundation () foreshore
foreshore and seabed
floating pile foundation Foreshore and Sea-bed (Reclamations) Ordinance
floating plant ()
floating refuse boom forging hammer foundation
float-ring consolidometer form of tender
floc formation (in geological sense) ()
flocculated clay buttress bond formation of land
flocculation formwork
flocculent soil fossil channel
flocculent structure fossil landslide
flood peak fossil soil
flooding foul drainage
floodplain foul sewer system
floodplain deposite () foulwater sewer
flow foulwater system
flow amount foundation () ()
flow channel
foundation dredging
 - 32 -

foundation embedment frost-susceptible soil

foundation engineering frozen heave test apparatus
foundation isolation frozen soil
foundation modulus frozen-heave force
foundation pile fry-dry method
foundation pressure full scale test
foundation slab functional analysis
foundation stability functional requirement
foundation trench fundamental frequency
foundation vibration fungal decay
foundation works fuzzy clustering
fraction fuzzy pattern distinction
fracture
Fracture Index, FI
fracture zone
fragment
frame foundation
Franki pile
free surface
free vibration
free water
free water elevation
free water surface
freeboard () ()

freeze-thaw test
freezing method
freezing process
freezing zone
French drain ()
frequency
friction angle
friction circle method
friction coefficient
friction damping
friction pile
friction resistance
frictional soil
frog-rammer
frost action
frost boil
frost depth
frost heave
frost line
frost penetration
frost resistance
frost strength
frost susceptibility
frost zone
frost-heave capacity
frost-heaving soil
frost-proof depth
 - 33 -

G geological hazard
geological log
gabbro geological map
gabion wall geological mapping
gallery geological model
galvanized coating geological memoir
galvanized iron geological profile ()
galvanized mild steel pipe geological section ()
galvanized steel geological structure
galvanizing geological survey
gap gradation geological survey memoir
gas content geological texture
gaseous phase Geology Society of Hong Kong
gazette geology
Gazette Notice geomagnetism
gazette plan geomechanics
gazetted area geomembrane
GCO probe GCOGCO geometric parameter
gel () geometrical damping
General Conditions of Contract, GCC geomorphological map
geomorphological model
general layout (plan) geomorphology
general specification geophone
General Specification for Civil Engineering Works geophysical exploration
geophysical logging
generalized procedure of slices geophysical survey []
general shear failure geophysical technique
genetic condition geoscience database
genetic mechanism geostatic pressure
genetic type geosynthetics
gently dipping geotechnical appraisal
gently dipping fault Geotechnical Area Study Programme, GASP
gently dipping joint
GEO Emergency Manual geotechnical consultants
geotechnical control
geochemical data geotechnical design
geodetic survey geotechnical engineer
geodrain geotechnical engineering
Geographical Information System, GIS Geotechnical Engineering Office, GEO
geotechnical investigation []
geographical mapping Geotechnical Land Use Map, GLUM
geogrid
Geoguide Geotechnical Manual for Slopes
geo-hazard geotechnical specialist
geohydrology geotechnical standard
geoid geotechnical study []
geologic age geotechnical supervision
geologic feature geotechnique
geological background geotechnology
geological column geotextile filter ,
geological condition geotextile
geological environment global collapse
 - 34 -

global factor of safety gravel

Global Positioning System, GPS gravel pack
global position survey gravel pile
glycol adsorption gravelly sand
gneiss gravelly soil
gouge gravel-sand cushion
government explosives depot gravitational exploration
Government Secretariat Tender Box gravity
gravity corer
government slope gravity cores
government/institution/community facilities, GIC gravity cover
gravity dam
grab gravity retaining wall
grab dredger gravity structure
grab sample Green Belt, GB
gradation greenhouse effect
gradation test grey clustering
grade grey iron pipe and fitting
grade strength grid
graded filter grid of steel bar
graded soil grid-mat foundation
grader grillage foundation
grade-separated interchange grit
gradient gritstone
grading gross analysis
grading analysis (of a soil) () gross error
gross loading intensity
grading curve ground
grading envelope ground anchor
grading test ground collapse
graduated cylinder ground condition
grain ground deformation
grain boundary ground engineering
grain size ground fissure/fracture
grain size accumulation curve ground investigation
grain size analysis ground investigation field work
grain size distribution ground level
grain size distribution curve ground movement
grain size frequency curve ground pressure
grand summary to the bills of quantities ground profile
ground settlement []
granite ground slope factor ()
granite facing ground stabilization
granitic rock ground stress
granitic saprolite ground surface
granitoid ground survey
granodiorite ground treatment
granular groundwater
granular filter groundwater catchment
granular soil groundwater conditions
granularity
granularmetric analysis groundwater connectivity test
granulometric composition
 - 35 -

groundwater control Guide to Site Investigation (Geoguide 2)

groundwater depletion ()
groundwater discharge Guide to Slope Maintenance (Geoguide 5)
()
groundwater divide guide trench
groundwater drainage works guide wall
groundwater elevation gully (soil erosion) () ()
groundwater flow direction
groundwater level, GWL gully erosion
groundwater lowering gunite
groundwater monitoring gustiness factor
groundwater pollution gypsum
groundwater pressure measurement

groundwater quality model
groundwater recharge
groundwater regime
groundwater reservoir
groundwater resource model
groundwater resource
groundwater seepage
groundwater steady flow
groundwater surface
groundwater table, GWT
groundwater tracer test
groundwater unsteady flow
groundwater withdrawal
groundwater-related hazard
group action
group index ()
grout
grout curtain
grout mix
grout spreading range
groutability
grout-bleeding []
grouted cut-off wall
grouted pile
grout-flow cone efflux time []

grouting
grouting pressure
guard wall
Guidance Notes for the General Specification for
Civil Engineering Works
guide pile
guide runner
Guide to Cavern Engineering (Geoguide 4)
()
Guide to Retaining Wall Design (Geoguide 1)
()
Guide to Rock and Soil Descriptions (Geoguide 3)
()
 - 36 -

H heavy plant
heavy rainstorm
hair crack heavy tamping
half-space height
halloysite height above mean sea level
hammer Heims hypothesis
hand augering helical auger
hand boring herringbone drain
hand rammer heterogeneity
hand tool heterogeneous
hand-dug caisson heterogeneous material
handing-over of site heterogeneous soil
handling stress () hidden fault
hand-operated auger/hand auger hidden karst
handrail high air entry piezometer tip
hanging rock
harbour limit high density polyethylene, HDPE
harbour siltation high intensity pumping
hard surfacing high permeability
hard water high pressure grouting
hardening high risk structure
hardening modulus high speed landslide
hardening rule () high stress
hardpan high water
hardwood High Water Mark, HWM
harmonic vibration Higher High Water HHW
Harvard miniature compaction test Higher Low Water HLW
highly decomposed rock ()
haul road high-order elastic model
haul route high-rise building
haulage device highway
hazard Hiley formula ()
hazard assessment hillside
hazard effect historical and archaeological sites
hazard geology
hazard intensity history of instability
hazard model HKIE Scheme A Training A
hazard potential
hazard risk prediction hoarding
head (of landslide) () () hoggin
head wave hoist
heat capacity hollow cylinder apparatus
heat of hydration hollow cylinder test
heat radiation hollow cylinder
heat treatment Holocene () ()
heave homogeneity
heave compensation homogeneous
heave force homogeneous layer
heave stake homogeneous soil
heavy foundation honeycomb structure
heavy metal honeycomb weathering
heavy metal contamination
 - 37 -

Hong Kong 1980 Geodetic Datum, HK80 1980 hydraulic excavation

hydraulic extruder ()
Hong Kong 1980 Grid, HK 1980 Grid 1980 hydraulic failure
hydraulic fill
Hong Kong Association of Property Management hydraulic fill dam
Companies hydraulic fracture
Hong Kong Construction Association Ltd. hydraulic gradient, i
hydraulic head
Hong Kong Drillers Accreditation Scheme hydraulic jack
hydraulic load cell
Hong Kong Institute of Biotechnology hydraulic modeling
hydraulic overflow settlement cell
Hong Kong Institution of Engineers hydraulic physical and mathematical models

Hong Kong Institution of Surveyors hydraulic piezometer
hydraulic piston sampler []
Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (Civil Division) hydraulic stress-path triaxial cell
()
Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (Geotechnical hydro-chemistry
Division) () hydrocompaction
Hong Kong Laboratory Accreditation Scheme, hydroconsolidation
HOKLAS
hydrodynamic dispersion
Hong Kong Principal Datum, HKPD
hydrodynamic pressure

hydro-electric power station
Hong Kong Quality Assurance Agency, HKQAA
hydrofracture

hydrogen bond
Hookes law
hydrogen peroxide
Hookean body
hydro-geologic model
Hookean model
hydrogeological condition
hopper
hydrogeological investigation
hopper of recovery
hydrogeological parameter
horizon ()
hydrogeology

hydrographic survey
horizontal alignment

horizontal angle
hydroisohypse
horizontal coordinate
hydrological survey
horizontal distance
hydrology
horizontal drain
hydrolysis
horizontal drainage
hydrometer
horizontal component of force
hydrometer analysis
horizontal filter well
hydrophile
horizontal load
hydrophilic colloid
horizontal plate gauge
hydrophobic colloid
hornblende
hydroscopic coefficient
hot rolled bar and steel wire
hydroscopic moisture
hovering pressure
hydroseeding ()
humus
hydrostatic load
Hvorslev parameter
hydrostatic pressure
Hvorslev soil model
hydrostatic profile gauge
Hvorslev surface
hydrostatic state of stress
hydration water
hygrometer
hydrauger hole
hygroscopic capacity
hydraulic conductivity
 - 38 -

hygroscopic water content

hyperbolic model
hyperconcentrated stream flow
hyperelastic law
hypocentre
hypoelastic law
hysteresis loop
hysteresis modulus
 - 39 -

I incremental stiffness
indemnity form
idealized pressure distribution independent audit
Idel Sonde independent inspection authority
igneous rock Independent Review Panel on Fill Slopes
ignition loss
illite Independent Safety Audit Scheme
immature residual soil
immediate and obvious danger index properties
immediate compression indirect approach
immediate settlement individual footing
immersed tube tunnel induced geological hazard
immersion test inertia
impact block infill
impact factor infill material
impact load infiltration ()
impact strength index infiltration capacity
imperial unit infiltration point
impermeability infiltration rate
impermeable boundary infiltration test
impermeable layer infiltration velocity
impermeable cover infiltration well
impervious base infiltrometer
impervious blanket inflection-point method
impervious boundary influence chart
impervious layer influence value
imported fill infrared analysis
imposed load infrastructure
impression packer survey inhomogeneity
improvement works inhomogeneous soil
impulse load initial collapse pressure
in situ initial compression
in situ CBR test initial consolidation
in situ density initial moisture content
in situ density test initial placement condition
in situ soil test initial pore water pressure
in situ stress initial settlement []
in situ test initial shear stress ratio
in situ testing initial sounding survey
in situ thrust test initial stress
inception report initial tangent modulus
incipient failure initial void ratio
inclement weather injection grout
inclination correction factors, ic, iq, ir () injection test
inorganic soil
inclination method () in-place density
inclination of load in-principle objection criteria
inclined shaft inshore region
inclinometer inside clearance ratio ()
inclusion (in a soil) () inspection
increment load method inspection pit ()
increment of plastic strain inspection well
 - 40 -

instability interparticle force

instability and consequence scores interparticle friction
interparticle repulsion
instant time line interpolation
instantaneous load interpretation (
instantaneous pore pressure )
Institution of Civil Engineers, ICE intersection
interslice force ()
institution and community use intertidal
instruction manual intertidal zone
instrumentation
instrumented pile interval
instrument intrinsic property
intact clay intrinsic shear strength curve
intact displaced mass () intrusive rock
inundation
intact displaced material () inventory of slopes
inverted arch foundation
intact rock inverted arch
intact specimen inverted filter
intake chamber inverted T-shaped cantilever retaining wall T
intake culvert
integrity testing () investigation
intensity investigation assignment
intensity of collapse ion diffusion
intensity of earthquake ion exchange
intensity of pressure ion hydration
interactive ionic bond
interatomic bonding force ISO 9001 certified quality management system
interbedded strata ISO 9001
interbedding isobar
interburden layer isochromatic photograph
intercalation isochrone
interface isogeotherm
interfacing projects isogram
intergranular pressure isohyet
interim road improvement isolated foundation
interim survey isolation trench
interlayer bonding isolation ()
intermediate deposit () () isopach
intermediate principal plane isostacy ()
intermediate principal strain, 2 isostatic curve
intermediate principal stress, 2 isostatic movement
intermediate water isotach
intermittent load isotherm
intermolecular bonding force isotope
internal combustion crane isotropic consolidation
internal scour isotropic deposit
International Organisation for Standardization, ISO isotropic hardening
isotropic line
International System, SI isotropic semi-infinite solid
interparticle attractive force isotropic stress
 - 41 -

isotropy
iteration method
iterative
 - 42 -

J
jack
jacked pile
jacked-in sampler
jack-up rig
Janka Indentation Test
jet boring
jet pump
jetty
jib
joint () ()
joint filler ()
joint grouting []
joint opening
joint plane
joint system
joint tongue and groove
joint venture
jointing (in rock) ()
jointing
Joosten process
jumper
Jurassic () ()
 - 43 -

K knee ()

kaolin
kaolinite
kaolinitic clay
kaolinized zone
karst
karst aquifer
karst base level ()()
karst basin
karst breccia
karst cave ()
karst collapse
karst cone
karst deposit
karst depression
karst environment
karst geomorphology
karst hydrology
karst infill
karst lake
karst plain
karst valley
karst water inflow
karstic
karstic channel
karstic earth cave
karstic water
karstification
kasten cover (box cover)
kataclasite
kataclastic
kataclastic structure
katatectic layer
kelly bar
Kelvin model ()
kentledge
Kepes model
kern col
kernbut
kettle basin
kewal
key (in a retaining wall) ()
key horizon
key observation well
key pile
key plan
key wall
kinematic hardening
kinematic viscosity
kinetic friction
kneading compaction
 - 44 -

L landslide study []

laboratory landslide surface []
laboratory soil test landslide temporal prediction
laboratory test/testing landslide trail []
laboratory test method landslip
lacustrine deposit Landslip Preventive Measures, LPM
lag pile
lagging Landslip Preventive Measures Committee
lake marl
lamina Landslip Preventive Measures Programme
laminar flow
laminated clay landslip preventive works []
land boundary index record landslip warning
land boundary plan landslip warning system []
land collapse large scale soil test
land crossing
land deformation lateral compression test
Land Development Policy Committee lateral deflection
lateral deformation
land formation lateral deposit () []()
Land Information Centre, Lands Department lateral earth pressure
lateral load
Land Information System, LIS lateral load test
land mark lateral movement
land matter lateral movement stake
land subsidence lateral pile load test
land surveyor lateral pressure
land upheaval lateral pressure apparatus
land uplifting lateral restraint
land-based borrow area lateral shrinkage
landfill lateral strain
landform unit lateral strain indicator
landing facility lateral stress
Lands Administration Office Instruction lateral support
[] lateral yield
Lands Department laterite
landscape lateritic soil
landscape works/landscaping lattice beam
landslide lattice charge
landslide body lattice clay
landslide control lattice structure
landslide debris lava
lava flow
landslide disaster prevention [] law of similarity
lay-by
landslide erosion feature () layer
landslide hazard [] layered aquifer
landslide mass layered media
landslide revival layered strata
landslide scar layer summation method ()
landslide spatial prediction
 - 45 -

Laymans Guide to Slope Maintenance line load

line of creep ()
layout linear (Airy) wave theory (Airy)
layout plan linear elastic continuum model
leach water
leachate linear expansion
leaching linear interpolation
leading pile linear shrinkage
leakage linear strain,
leakage loss linear strain rate
lean clay linear transition
least squares linear variable differential transformer, LVDT
length height ratio
lens () lining
letter of invitation to tender liquefaction
levee liquefaction index
levee safety liquefaction of sand
level () liquefaction potential
level course
levelling liquefaction slide
levelling staff liquid limit
levelling stone liquid limit device
liable to become dangerous liquid phase
liquid state
licence liquidated damages
licensed liquidity index, LI
lift thickness () lithic
lifting appliance and lifting gear lithification
light sounding test blow count, N10 () lithofraction
lithological composition
lighter lithology
likelihood of failure [] lithosol
liman lithosphere
limb littoral deposit
lime column live load
lime pile load
lime soil load cell
lime stabilization load combination
lime-soil column load factor
lime-soil compaction pile load gauge
lime-soil cushion load increment ratio
lime-soil pile load transfer mechanism
limestone load transfer method ()
limit load-bearing capacity
limit analysis loaded draft ()
limit equilibrium (slope stability analysis) ( loaded filter
) loader
limit equilibrium method loading
limit pressure loading berm
limit state loading frame
limit state design loading function
limit state method loading gauge
 - 46 -

loading history Lower High Water, LHW

loading plate Lower Low Water, LLW
loading platform lower specified bound
loading test lowest tender
load-settlement curve L-shaped cantilever retaining wall L
loam () () Lugeon test
Local Open Space, LOS () lump sum contract
local pneumatic process () lump sum fee
lumped mass
local shear failure lumped parameter method
local side friction ()
localized landslip []
[]
locality
location correction factor
location plan
locus
Lodes angle
Lodes number
Lodes parameter
loess
log book
logarithm of time fitting method
logarithmic decrement
logarithmic spiral
logging
long term settlement
longitudinal crack
longitudinal joint
longitudinal profile
longitudinal section
longitudinal wave
longshore
long-term load
long-term stability
long-term strength
loop
loose debris
loose fill
loose rock
loose sand
loose zone
loosening pressure
loss or leakage of grout ()
loose deposit
Love wave
low air-entry (ceramic) disk
low plasticity clay
low speed landslide
Low Water, LW
Low Water Mark, LWM
lower bound theorem
 - 47 -

M manual handling
manufacturer
macropore mapping () ()
macroporous coefficient
macroporous soil marble
macroporous structure marble cavern
macrostructure marchetti
macrovoid ratio marcofabric
made ground margin of safety
magazine marginal quay
magmatic octahedron marginal terrain
magmatic rock mariculture zone
magnetic declination mariculturist
magnetic exploration marine barging point
magnetic probe extensometer marine borer
magnetic prospecting marine borrow area
magnetite marine clay
magnitude () marine contained disposal
magnification factor marine deposit
main contract marine deposit displacement
main points of control marine deposit removal
main scarp () marine dumping site
main span marine ecology
maintained load test () marine fill
maintenance Marine Fill Committee, MFC
maintenance authority marine ground investigation ()
marine growth
maintenance certificate marine mud (silt/clay)
maintenance dredging [] marine sand
maintenance inspection marine sediment
maintenance management marine services support area
maintenance manual marine soil
maintenance period marine soil mechanics
maintenance records marine sources of fill
maintenance works marine spoil ground
major landslip [] marine structure
major principal plane marine works
major principal strain, 1 marine-based port facility
major principal stress, 1 maritime engineering
major study marker dolphin
major works marl
man-day marsh
Mandel-Cryer effect marsh soil
mandrel () masonry
mangrove swamp masonry block
manhole masonry retaining wall
man-hour masonry skinwall
manmade slope masonry wall
manometer mass concrete retaining wall
mantle friction mass concrete wall
mantle of soil mass density
manual boring mass force
 - 48 -

mass movement/transport () mechanical erosion

mass permeability mechanical joint
mass ratio mechanical stabilization ()
mass strength (of a soil or rock layer) mechanics of landslide
mechanism of deformation
massive and rigid structure mechanism of deformation and failure
mass-spring-dashpot system --
master layout plan mechanism of landslide
master plan median humidity
master ranking list (for LPM) () mediation
medical lock ()
mastic medium dense sand
mat foundation medium diameter, d50
material damping [] medium sand
material parameter [] medium-grained
material property [] membrane ()
material strength [] membrane correction ()
material testing [] membrane penetration effect ()
mathematical model
matrix membrane potential
matrix material meniscus
matrix suction Mercator map projection
maximum converted bulk density mesh
Mesozoic () ()
maximum dry density metamorphic rock
maximum dry unit weight, dmax metamorphism
maximum gust metastable structure
maximum hourly rainfall meteoric water ()
maximum molecular water content meteorological factor
maximum particle size method of funding
maximum principal effective stress method of measurement
maximum rolling rainfall method of moments
maximum void ratio, emax method of slices
Maxwell model method of superposition
mazier barrel method statement
mean diameter methodology
metric camera
mean effective stress, 'm
Metroplan Landscape Strategy for the Urban Fringe
Mean Higher High Water, MHHW
and Coastal Area
Mean Higher Low Water, MHLW

mean hourly wind speed
Metroplan
Mean Lower High Water, MLHW
Meyerhofs formula ()
Mean Lower Low Water, MLLW
marine geophysical survey
mean principal stress, mica
Mean Sea Level, MSL () micro-aggregate
measurement microclimate
measurement (quantity surveying) () microfabric
measurement procedure microfracturing ()
measuring accuracy micrograph
mechanical analysis () micrometer
mechanical analysis curve micron
mechanical cleaning micro-pile
mechanical denudation () microrelief
 - 49 -

microstructure moderately soluble salt test

micro-texture moderately decomposed
microwave moisture apparatus modification of the alignment
microwave oven drying method modular
migration potential modular design
Mine Blasting Certificate modulus of compressibility, K
mine tailings modulus of deformation
mineralogical analysis modulus of dilation
Mines (Safety) Regulations () modulus of elasticity, E
minimum principal effective stress modulus of elasticity in shear, G
minimum void ration, emin modulus of linear deformation
mining modulus of resilience
Mining (General) Regulations () modulus of rigidity, Gr.
mining lease modulus of shear deformation, G
Mining Licence modulus of soil erosion
Mining Ordinance modulus of subgrade reaction, Ks
mining subsidence Mohrs diagram
mini-pile Mohrs circle
minor component Mohrs envelope
minor drainage Mohrs theory
minor fault Mohr-Coulomb criterion -
minor fold Mohr-Coulomb envelope -
minor landslip Mohr-Coulomb model -
minor principal plane Mohr-Coulomb theory -
minor principal strain, 3 moist rodding ()
moist tamping ()
minor principal stress, 3
moisture can
minor works
minor-scale strain moisture content,
Miocene () () moisture equivalent
misalignment moisture index
miscellaneous fill moisture migration
misclosure moisture probe
misorientation moisture-density curve
mitigation measures moisture-density nuclear gauge
mitigation strategy
mixed-in-place-pile moisture-density test
mixing plant molecular cohesion
mixing ratio moment
mobility (in slope failures) moment of rupture
mobilization money of the date, MOD
mode of failure monitoring
mode of movement monitoring and audit
mode of vibration monitoring and prediction network
model monitoring manual
model footing test monitoring schedule
model law
model scale monitoring survey
model specification monitoring system
model test monolithic retaining wall
modelling montmorillonite
modelling gradation mooring
modelling research mooring pile
 - 50 -

moorpeat
moraine
moraine deposit
morphogenesis
morphologic structural configuration
mortar
mound breakwater
movement
mPD ()
muck
mucky soil
mud (silt/clay)
mud avalanche
mud disposal area
mud flat
mud flow
mud flush drilling
mud pit
mud wave
mudcake
mudding
mudding action
muddy intercalation
mudflat
mudflow
mudslide
mudstone
multi-directional shear
multiphase system
multiple piezometer ()
multiple point extensometer (
multi-purpose triaxial test apparatus
multi-section pile
multi-stage well point system
muscovite
mylonite
 - 51 -

N Newmark chart
Newton model
narrow gradation () Newton, N ()
native soil Newtons theory of collision
natural angle of repose Newtonian liquid
natural arch node
natural disaster noise assessment survey
natural electric field method noise barrier
natural exposure noise control
natural freezing method noise cover ()
natural frequency, fn nominal load
natural hillside nominal maximum aggregate size
natural moisture content
natural oscillation nominal size
natural slope nominal surcharge
natural soil nominated sub-contractor
natural strength nomograph
natural terrain () non-associative flow rule
natural terrain hazard mitigation measures ( non-clay mineral
) non-cohesive soil
natural terrain landslide non-compliance () ()
Natural Terrain Landslide Inventory non-consolidated sediment
natural terrain landslide risk management non-coring drilling
non-steady groundwater flow
nature terrain landslip hazard study, NTLHS noncrystalline clay mineral
non-destructive analysis ()
nature terrain landslide investigation, NTLI non-destructive test
non-destructive testing
natural vegetation Non-Development Clearance, NDC
navigation channel Non-Development Clearance Liaison Group
navigation dredging
neap tide non-displacement pile ()
nearshore nonhomogeneous soil
necking nonlinearity
needle beam () non-plastic
needle hole test () non-plastic soil
needle penetrometer non-scouring velocity
negative pore pressure non-seismic region
negative skin friction () non-slaking clay
Neocene(Neogene) () () nonwoven heat-bonded geotextile

neotectonic movement nonwoven needle-punched fabric
net balance normal consolidation line
net foundation pressure normal fault
net-like texture normal force
neutral point () normal loading condition
neutral pressure normal strain, n
neutron moisture meter normal stress, n
New Austrian Tunneling Method () normal-circulation rotary drilling
() normality condition
New Priority Classification Scheme normality law
normalization
 - 52 -

normally consolidated soil, NC soil

North Dakota cone test ()

Notes for Tenderers
nuclear densometer
number of blows
number of roller passes
numerical analysis
 - 53 -

O optimum density
optimum development
observation optimum moisture content, OMC
observation target optimum water content
observation well ordinary levelling
observational method ordinary Portland cement
observed profile ordinary tide
Occupational Safety and Health Ordinance Ordovician () ()
organic clay
occurrence condition organic content
ocean engineering organic matter
ocean structure organic soil
oceanic deposit orientation
octahedral layer oriented sample
octahedral normal stress orifice for injection
octahedral shear stress original piezometric level
odometer O-ring seal
oedometer orogenic process/orogensis
oedometer test orogeny
offset orthophoto map
offshore oscillation
offshore deposit oscillation pickup
offshore engineering oscillograph []
offshore platform oscillometer []
offshore soil mechanics oscilloscope []
offshore structure Oslo point
osmosis
offshore terrace osmotic pressure
one-dimensional consolidation outcrop ()
one-way drainage outfall
ooze outfall block
open cut outflow
open cut tunnel outlet
open ditch drainage Outline Development Plan, ODP
open hillslope landslide Outline Zoning Plan, OZP
open hydraulic (Casagrande) piezometer () outside clearance ratio ()
outwash
open joint oven-dried soil
open piled jetty over consolidation ratio, OCR
open pit () overall exploitation
open seafloor mud disposal area overall shear failure
Open Space () overall stability
Other Specified Uses, OSU () overbreak
() overburden
open tender overburden layer
open well overburden pressure
open-end-pipe pile overcompaction
opening overconsolidated soil, OC soil
opening size over-coring method
optical plummet overdamping
optical square overdredging
optimization overdriving ()
 - 54 -

overdue payment
overfall
overfill
overflow
overflow weir
overhanging rock
overhead walking link
overload
over-rolling
oversaturated
overshoot
oversized materials
overstrain
overstress
overtopping
overturning (retaining wall) ()
overturning failure
overturning moment
oxy-acetylene cylinders ()

 - 55 -

P peak flow rate

peak forest ()
pack drain peak pore pressure ratio
packed bed peak spectral period
packer (permeability) test () () peak strength
packer Pearl River Estuary
packing by hand peat
pad foundation peat bog
Palaeogene () () pebble
palaeokarst pedalfer
Palaeozoic () () pedestal
paper drain pedestrian underpass
paraffin wax () pedestrian/cycle bridge
paralic swamp pedocal
parallax pedology
parameter pelite
parametric study pell mell rubble
parent rock pellicular water
partial completion certificate peneplain
partial factor peneplaination
partial load factor penetration cone
partial material factor penetration resistance
partial safety factor penetration sounding
partial saturation penetration test
partial upgrading penetrometer
partially penetrating well percent fines
partially weathered rock [] percentage air void
particle percentage of core recovery
particle size percentage of particle breakage
particle size distribution, PSD () perched water
perched water level/table
particular preambles percolation
particular specification percussion and grabbing method
passive earth pressure, pp percussion boring
passive isolation percussion drilling
passive mitigation strategies perforated drain pipe
passive pile perforated stone
passive resistance performance criteria
passive state () period of vibration
passive state of plastic equilibrium periodic inspection
periodic load
passive zone periphery beam
path of percolation permafrost
pattern recognition permanent deformation
paved area permanent structure
pavement permanent works
Pay for Safety Scheme permeability
payment schedule permeability coefficient
pea gravel permeability criterion
peak cluster () permeability test
peak critical void ratio permeable
peak discharge permeable layer
 - 56 -

permeameter pile driving analyser

Permian () () pile driving formula
permissible bearing capacity pile driving resistance
permissible hydraulic gradient pile extension
permissible soil pressure pile extraction
permissible stress pile follower
perpendicular offset pile foundation
pervious blanket pile frame
pervious layer pile group
petrifaction pile hammer
petrology pile head
phase pile hoop
phase angle pile jetting
phase difference pile load test
Phase I pile monkey
phase-plane pile pulling test
photo mosaic () pile redriving test
photoelasticity pile shaft
photogrammetric plot pile shoe
photogrammetry pile spacing
photographic inclinometer pile splice
photolineament (photogeological lineament) pile tip
piled jetty
phreatic line piling works
phreatic (water) surface pillar
phreatic water pilot pile
Physical Constraints Map pinhole test ()
physical model pipe casing
physical modelling pipe jacking method
physical weathering pipe pile
physiographic form pipe sinking
pick-axe pipe thrusting method
pier pipeline
pier foundation pipette method
piestic water piping (in soil)
piezocone test piping ratio
piezometer piston sample
piezometer data piston sampler
piezometer tip pit
piezometric head pit sampling
piezometric level pitched slope breakwater
pile pitching
pile bent pit-run gravel
pile cage pitting
pile cap placement
pile capacity placement water content
pile cluster plain concrete
pile cushion plain fill
pile diameter plain soil cushion
pile drain planar failure
pile driver plane of equal settlement ()
pile driving plane of rupture
 - 57 -

plane of shear pneumatic piezometer

plane of sliding
plane of weakness pneumatic settlement cell
plane slide pneumatic tyred roller
plane strain pneumatic breaker/drill /
plane strain compression pneumatic chipping hammer/chisel /
plane strain extension pocket shear meter
plane stress point bearing pile
plane wave point bit
planimeter () point load
plank pile point load index ()
planning point load index test
plant cover point load test
plastic deformation point resistance force
plastic equilibrium pointed squared-rubble wall
plastic failure pointing (masonry) ()
plastic flow poise, P ()
plastic injection [] Poissons ratio,
plastic limit, PL polarized shear wave velocity
plastic modulus polarizing microscope
plastic potential poling board
plastic range polyamide
plastic state polyester
plastic strain polyethylene
plastic volumetric strain polyethylene sheeting
plastic zone polymer
plasticity polymer grid
plasticity chart polymer stabilization
plasticity index, PI polypropylene
plastic-viscous flow - polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE
plastification polyvinyl chloride, PVC
plasto-elasticity ponding
plastometer ponding test
plate loading test ponor ()
plate tectonic poor aquifer
plate-bearing (loading) test poorly graded soil
pore
Pleistocene () () pore air pressure
Pliocene () () pore pressure dissipation
plot pore pressure distribution
plugging pore pressure parameters
plumb line pore pressure ratio
plumb meter pore pressure, u
pluvial climate pore size distribution analysis
pluvial erosion pore water pressure, uw
pluviation () pore water tension, ut
pluviograph porewater
pluviometer porosity, n
pluvium porous media
pneumatic caisson porous soil
pneumatic drill porous stone
pneumatic hammer
 - 58 -

Port and Airport Development Strategy, PADS preliminary tremor

preloading
Port and Maritime Board preloading method
Port Development Plan and Programme prepakt concrete
preprocessing
port works prequalification
Port Works Manual prequalified contractor
portable dipmeter
Portland pulverised-fuel ash cement, PPFAC prescriptive design
prescriptive measure
position fixing
positive pore pressure pre-selected site
potential drop preshearing
potential energy pressure
potential failure surface pressure arch
potential function pressure bulb
potential geological hazard pressure cell
potential logging () pressure chamber
potential recharge () pressure decay
potential volume change pressure decline test
potentiometric recorder pressure gauge
pounder pressure grouting
pounding pressure test
practical porosity pressure transducer
Prager model pressure wave
Prandtl bearing capacity theory pressuremeter
pressuremeter limit pressure
precast building method pressuremeter modulus
precast concrete casting yard pressuremeter test
precast concrete pile pressure-void ratio curve
precast concrete sheet pile prestressed concrete pile
precast concrete unit prestressed ground anchor
precast unit prestressed reinforcement
precise levelling prestressed soil anchor
precision presumptive bearing pressure
precompression pre-tender meeting
preconsolidated soil preventive maintenance work
preconsolidation pressure [] preventive measure
pre-contract measurement preventive works
predeterminated prewetting
predictability primary consolidation
predicted settlement primary time effect
preferential flow path primary valence bond
preferred fracture surface primary wave, P-wave P
preglacial deposit prime cost sum
preliminary design primer
preliminary evaluation primer detonator ()
preliminary project appraisal principal datum
preliminary project plan principal earthquake
preliminary prospecting principal effective stress
preliminary stage principal plane
preliminary survey principal strain

principal stress
principal stress ratio
principal stress space
private slope
probabilistic design
probabilistic uncertainty
probability
probability of earthquake
probability of exceedance
probability of failure
probe
probing
processed rock
processor
Proctor compaction test [
]
Proctor needle moisture test
professional assessment
professional engineer
professional experience and judgement
profile
profile mark
program
programming
progress chart
progress report
progressive failure
progressive settlement
project ()
Project Administration Handbook for Civil
Engineering Works, PAH
project approval ()
project estimate ()
Project Management Information System
project plan ()
project planning ()
project signboard
project site plan
projection
proluvium
proof load ()
prop
property
proportional error
proportional loading
proportionality
propping
proprietary material
prospecting pit
- 59 -
Prospecting Licence
prospecting
protecting roof
Proterozoic () ()
prototype foundation test
prototype test
proving ring
proving test
provision
provision of land
provisional item
provisional sum
public fill
Public Fill Committee, PFC
public filling area
public filling barging point, barging point
public filling strategy
Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance
public land
public nuisance
public pier
public road
public safety
public sector []
public utilities
public works
Public Works Programme, PWP
Public Works Sub-Committee, PWSC
Public Works Tender Board
puddle clay
pull-out capacity
pull-out test
pulp
pulse generator
pulse load
pulverized fuel ash, PFA
pumice
pumping station
pumping test
punch shear test
punching failure
punching shear
PVC, polyvinylchloride
PVC split liner PVC
PWP Category A Projects
pycnometer
pyrite
pyrolith
 - 60 -

Q
Q-test, quick shear test
quake
quake-resistant
qualitative evaluation
quantitative assessment

quantitative evaluation
quantitative polarizing microscope
quantitative risk assessment
quarry
quarry face []
quarry floor
quarry spall
quarry stone
quarrying
quartering ()
quartz
quartz syenite
quartzite
quasi-natural terrain
quasi-preconsolidation pressure
quasi-saturated soil
quasi-static
Quaternary () ()
Quaternary deposit
quay
quay wall
quick clay
quick condition
quick lime
quick shear test
quick soil classification
quicklime pile
quicksand
quick-setting ()
Q-value () Q
 - 61 -

R rate of settlement
rate process theory
radial consolidation Rayleigh wave, R-wave R
radial deformation reaction force
radial shear react-to-known-hazard principle
radial well
radiant heat realignment
radioactivity logging
radioactivity prospecting reamed well
radiographic technique X reamer
radius of circular arc rear face ()
radius of influence rebound curve
raft foundation rebound modulus
rag () recementation
rail link recementing
rail reserves recently deposited soil
railing recharge
rainfall recharge well
rainfall intensity recharging ()
rainfall infiltration reciprocating machinery
rainfall record reclaimed land
raingauge reclamation
raking pile reclamation area
raking drain reclamation level
ram recolonization
ram guide recompacted fill
rammed clay recompaction
rammer recompaction of fill
ramp recompression
random analysis reconnaissance
random error reconnaissance survey
random process reconsolidation
random rubble armoured structure reconstituted specimen
reconstruction
random rubble fill record drawing
random rubble wall record photograph
random vibration record sheet
range of pressure recovery of elasticity
Rankine states of stresses recovery ratio ()
Rankines earth pressure theory Recreation ()
ranking list recrystallization
ranking system [] rectangular foundation
[] recurrent cost
rapid hardening Portland cement () recurrent cost estimates
rapid recharge () recurrent expenditure
rapid drawdown recurrent vote
raster data red earth
rate of consolidation redriving ()
rate of creep reduced natural frequency
rate of descent reduced scale prototype model test
rate of loading reduction factor
rate of secondary consolidation reduction factor of pile group
 - 62 -

reference point relief

reference time relief platform
reference time line relief well
reticulate drainage reload modulus
reflection reloading
reflective condition remeasurement
reflector remeasurement contract
refracted wave remedial works
refraction
refraction survey remote sensing
refuse remote sensing image
region remote sensing technique
regional earthcrust stability remoulded clay
regional estimation remoulded landslide debris []
regional geological environment remoulded property
Registered Professional Engineer (Geotechnical), remoulded soil
RPE(G) remoulded sample
Registered Professional Surveyor, RPS remoulded undrained shear strength

Registered Structural Engineer, RSE remoulding () ()
remoulding gain
regolith remoulding loss
regarding of slope Rendulics plot
regression Rendulics surface
regression analysis renewal of drains
regular checks of buried water-carrying services repair
repeated load
regular maintenance replacement method ()
regular monitoring of special measures report
reporting
regulation re-possession
rehabilitation representation
reinforced concrete representative sample
reinforced concrete retaining wall reproduce
reprographic
reinforced earth (fill) reprovision
reinforced fill proprietary product research and development
resection
reinforced fill structure reservation of site
reinforcement reserve
reinforcing bar reservoir
reinjection reservoir bank collapse
reinstatement of site reservoir bank stability
relative compaction [] reservoir impounding induced seimicity
relative compressibility
relative consistency reservoir induced seismicity
relative density reservoir leakage
relative humidity reservoir sedimentation
relaxation () reservoir silting
reliability analysis reservoir storage
relict joint resident engineer, RE []
relict scar ()
relict structure
 - 63 -

resident site staff on-cost multiplier rhyolite

rhyolitic lava flow
resident site staff [] ribbon clay
residual angle of internal friction ridging
residual clay riffle box
residual cohesion intercept [] rig
residual deformation rigid
residual factor rigid foundation
residual pore pressure rigid retaining wall
residual settlement rigidity factor
residual shear strength rigidity index
residual soil rigid-plastic model
residual strength rigorous analysis
residual stress ring foundation
resilience ring shear apparatus
resistance to fracture ripper
resisting moment riprap
resistivity survey riprap protection
resiting riser
resoiling rising head test
resonant column method risk
resonant column triaxial test apparatus very high risk
high risk
resonant frequency moderate to high risk
response spectrum method moderate risk
restoration works low to moderate risk
restricted tendering low risk
resultant negligible risk
resultant force risk categorization system []
resultant intensity risk category
resultant load risk of landslip []
resumption risk region
retained percentage risk-to-life category
retaining structure river deposit
retaining wall river terrace
retaining wall failure roadbase
retarded subsidence road logger
retention criterion road material
retention money road realignment
retractable core bit road reserve
retrogressive landslide Roads (Works, Use and Compensation) Ordinance
return period ()
reverse fault rock
reverse-circulation rotary drilling rock anchor
reversible deformation rock blasting
reversing shear box test rock bolt
revetment rock burst
review rock debris dam
Reynolds number rock deformation parameter
rheological model rock dowel
rheological test curve rock fall
rheology rock fall fence
rock fill
 - 64 -

rock flour Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors

rock joint
rock joint shear strength test rubber arch fender
rock mass rubber cell fender
rock mass quality rubber extension modulus
rock mass rating () rubber sheath
rock mechanics rubber-tyred roller
rock mound rubble
rock outcrop rubble dam
rock permeability rubble drain
rock pressure rubble filling
rock product rubble layer
Rock Quality Designation, RQD rubble masonry
rock quality index rubble mound
rock slope rubble stone footing
rock socket rubble structure
rock strength parameter rugged terrain
rock structure rule of thumb
rock texture rule
rock weathering run-out()
rock weathering index runoff
rockburst rupture
rockfill dam rupture circle
rockfill slope rupture diagram
rod extensometer rupture envelope
rod sounding rupture line
rolled fill dam rupture strength
roller rupture stress
roller compaction Rural Planning & Improvement Strategy, RPIS
rolling ()
root hole rust inhibitor
root pile rust stain
Roscoe model ()
Roscoe surface
rotary boring
rotary drilling
rotary percussion boring
rotary sampler
rotational scar
rotational slide
rotting
rough angular quarrystone
rough-cast finish
roughness
roundabout
roundness
routine inspection
routine maintenance
routine maintenance inspection
routine maintenance works
routine soil test
 - 65 -

S sand pile
sand pump
sacrificial anode Sand Removal Permit
safe bearing capacity sand replacement test
safe load sand sampler
safe working load sand stratum
sand trap
safe yield of groundwater sand wick
safeguard area sand-gravel cushion
safety accessory sandstone
safety audit sandy clay
clearance of squatters on safety ground sandy clay loam
sandy gravel
safety factor sandy loam () () ()
SHANSEP approach
sandy silt
safety induction training sandy soil
safety initiative sanitary landfill
safety officer saprolite
safety policy satellite image
safety promotion programme satellite photograph
safety margin saturated sample
saline land saturated unit weight, sat
saline soil saturation
salinity saturation curve/line ()
salt content saturation moisture content
sample saturation swelling stress
sample splitter saturation zone
sampler saturator
sampling scabbling
sampling bias scaffold
sampling disturbance scaffolding
sampling spoon scale
sampling tube scale effect
sand scale-down test
sand asphalt scaling ( of loose rocks )
sand asphalt facing scalping method ()
sand bath scanning electron microscope
sand blast () scar
sand blanket scarp
sand boil schedule of fees ()
sand bulking schedule of proportions
sand column schedule of rates
sand compaction pile schedule of rates contract
sand cone method Scheduled Area ()
sand content schematic
sand cushion scheme
sand drain schist
sand fill schistosity
sand fraction Schwedoff model
sand island method scour
sand mat scouring ()

scraper ()
scree () seepage
screen
screen effect ()
screen guide
screen opening
screw auger
screw pile
screw plate test
sea channel
sea embankment
seabed
seabed pipeline
seabed reinstatement
seafloor foundation
seafloor soil
sealant
sea-level change
sealing
seam
seasonal creep
seawall
seawater intake
seawater intrusion
secant modulus
secondary clay
secondary compression
secondary compression index
secondary consolidation
secondary consolidation settlement
secondary kaolin
secondary mineral
secondary sliding body
secondary time effect
section
section modulus
sectional core-barrel
sectional drill rod
security fence
Security Regulations
sediment
sediment discharge
sediment loss
sediment plume
sediment toxicity
sediment transport
sedimentary compaction
sedimentary discontinuity
sedimentary rock
sedimentary soil
sedimentation
- 66 -
sedimentation analysis ()
seepage analysis
seepage discharge
seepage exit
seepage failure
seepage flow
seepage force
seepage gradient
seepage line
seepage loss
seepage path
seepage point
seepage pressure
seepage velocity
segregation
seismic acceleration
seismic active period
seismic coefficient
seismic effect
seismic engineering
seismic focus
seismic force
seismic geophysical method
seismic hazard analysis
seismic intensity
seismic load
seismic microzonation
seismic shear
seismic strain energy
seismic survey
seismic wave
seismogenic fault
seismogram
seismograph
seismology
seismophone
selected granular material
selected value
self healing soil ()
self weight
self-boring pressuremeter, SBP
self-boring type torsion shear apparatus
self-compensating pressure system ()
self-jetting wellpoint
self-propelled
self-weight stress
selvage
semi-arid region
semi-diurnal tide
 - 67 -

semi-gravity wall shallow sea deposit

semi-infinite body shape factor
semi-solid state shear box
sensitive clay shear box clearance
sensitive receiver (of pollution) () shear box test
shear coefficient of viscosity
sensitivity shear crack
sensitivity analysis shear failure
sensor shear force
spectrum analysis shear key
sequence of events shear modulus
sequence of strata shear plane
service conduit shear strain
service factor () shear strain rate
service instruction shear strength
service life shear strength envelope
service pipe shear strength parameter
serviceability limit state shear strength test
shear stress
serviced land shear wave, S-wave S
shear zone
services shearing resistance
servo-accelerometer [] sheepfoot roller
setting sheet erosion
setting out sheet pile
setting out plan sheet pile cofferdam
settlement sheet pile cut-off
settlement basin sheet pile wall
settlement cell sheet retaining structure
settlement correction factor sheet slide
settlement gauge sheet mineral
settlement joint sheeting
settlement observation Shelby tube sampler
settlement plate shell auger
settling pit shell foundation
set-up () shell pile
sewage pipe shell-perm process
sewage treatment system shield method
sewage treatment works shielding effect
sewer [] shifting sand dune
sewerage outfall shipping channel
sextant shipping
shackle (U) shoaling
shaft shock absorber
shaft-sinking (for caisson work) () / shock pulse
shock wave
shake table shockproof
shaking test shore deposit
shale shore station
shallow failure shoring works
shallow foundation/footing shoring
shallow freezing shot firer
 - 68 -

shortlist similitude
shortlisting simple shear
short-term measure simulated condition
shotcrete simulation experiment
shotcrete lining single amplitude
shrinkage single shot grouting
shrinkage crack single span
shrinkage degree single stage
shrinkage index single-acting hammer
shrinkage joint single-grained structure
shrinkage limit Sinian () ()
shrinkage limit apparatus sinkhole ()
shrinkage ratio sinkhole formation ()
shrinkage settlement sinusoidal wave
shrinkage test siphon method
shrub site
side drain () site agent
side friction site boundary
side scan sonar survey site characterisation study
side scanner site condition
side slope site diary []
side-scan sonar site formation
sieve site formation works
sieve analysis () site history
sieve aperture size site inspection
sieve curve site instruction book []
sieve shaker site instruction []
signatory site investigation
significant wave height site magazine []
significant wave period site measurement
signs of distress site measurement book []
silencer site meeting []
silica fines site monitoring
silica sheet site observation
silica tetrahedron site office []
silicification site plan []
silo effect site preparation work
silo pressure site reconnaissance
silt site record []
silt curtain site safety []
silt fraction Site Safety Management Committee []
siltation
siltation rate site safety plan []
silting method site staff []
siltstone site supervision []
silty clay site supervisory staff []
silty clay loam site survey []
silty fine sand site trial []
silty loam site work []
silty sand siting (site selection)
silty sandy loam size effect
Silurian () () size grading
 - 69 -

size ratio () slope surface protection works

skarn slope toe
Skempton and Bjerrums method - slope upgrading works
sketch plan slope wash
skin friction of pile sloping core
skin wall sloughing bank
skirt () slow moving landslide
slab slow shear test/slow test
slab-foundation sludge
slack tide sluice gate
slag fill sluiced fill
slake sluicing
slaking () slump
slaking test slurry
slaking water content slurry method (of excavation)
slate
sleeve grouting slurry drilling method
slenderness ratio slurry replenishing hole
slickenside slurry sampler
slide/sliding slurry flow
sliding boundary slurry-trench method
sliding failure slurry-wall
sliding mass slushing
sliding plane smear
sliding resistance smooth-faced rubble armoured structure
sliding zone
slightly weathered smooth wheel roller
slime socket and spigot joint
slip circle socket
slip indicator socketed pile
slip road sod
slip scar soffit
slip surface soft clay
slipway () soft cohesive soil
slope soft ground foundation
slope angle soft soil
slope circle softening coefficient
slope crest soil
slope cutting soil acidification
slope failure soil aggregate
Slope Information System, SIS soil anchor
slope maintenance soil auger
slope maintenance audit soil binder
slope registration soil bitumen
slope regrading soil cement processing
slope remedial works soil classification
Slope Safety Hotline soil colloid
Slope Safety Technical Review Board, SSTRB soil composition
soil deformation parameter
slope stability soil deterioration
slope stability analysis soil dynamics
slope stabilization works soil engineer
 - 70 -

soil engineering sotch

soil erosion sounding
soil exploration sounding lead
soil improvement sounding plan
soil investigation sounding survey
soil lathe source of collapse
soil layer source of fill
soil map source volume ()
soil mass space diagonal
soil matrix space distribution
soil mechanics spacing
soil mineralogy spader
soil moisture spalling
soil nail spatial analysis
soil nailing Special Conditions of Contract, SCC
soil particle
soil permeability Special Conditions of Tender
soil physics Special Residential area, RS ()
soil profile
soil pulverizer specialist contractor
soil sample specialist contractors for public works
soil sampler
soil shredder specialist subcontractor
soil skeleton specialist works
soil slope specific gravity
soil stabilization specific heat
soil stabilizer specific penetration resistance
soil structure
soil suction specific surface
soil survey specific volume
soil technology specific yield
soil test specification
soil texture specification clause
soil variability specimen mould
soil-cement specimen
soil-forming factors specimen size
soil-structure interaction spectral analysis
solar radiation intensity speed hump
soldier pile () speleology
solid content spherical stress
solid core recovery, SCR spherical wave
solid phase sphericity
solid waste spike tooth roller
solidification spike
solidifying and stabilizing effect spiling
solifluction spillage
solifluction deposit spilling
solution grout spillway
sonic logging spiral drill
sonic test spiral deformation
sorted landslide debris spirit level
sorting splash zone
 - 71 -

splice standard clauses

split spoon sampler [] standard compaction test
split test standard form of tender
split tube sampler standard frost penetration
spoil and wastewater Standard Method of Measurement for Civil
spoil disposal Engineering Works, SMM
spoiling
spongy soil standard method of measurement
spoon bit standard mix concrete
spot height standard panel length
spot level standard penetration test, SPT
sprayed concrete standard sand
spread footing standard sieve
spread foundation stand-by equipment
spring Standing Committee on Concrete Technology
spring constant
spring shock absorber Standing Committee on Slope Safety, SCOSS
spring tide
sprinkler standing sea level
SPT blow count, N standing wave
SPT cone SPT standpipe
spud vibrator state of elastic equilibrium
square footing state of limit equilibrium
square root of time fitting method state of plastic equilibrium
statement of final account
Squatter Area Improvement state-of-the-art report
static cone penetration test
Squatter Village Reinspection Programme static formula (pile design) ()
static point resistance, qc
squeeze test static sounding
St. Venant model () stationary concrete mixer
stability stationary-piston sampler
stability analysis statistical error
stability assessment statistical soil mechanics
stability checking computation statutory checking system
stability evaluation statutory notification
stability factor statutory order
stability investigation statutory plan
stability number statutory requirement
stability study steady drag force
stabilization works steady flow
steady state
stabilization steady state seepage
stabilizer steady water level
stabilometer () steady-state vibration
stack structure steam pile hammer
stage steel H-pile H
stage compaction steel jacket platform
staggered piling () steel pile
stagnation pressure steel pipe pile
stalactite () steel rail
stalagmite () steel sheet pile
steep slope
 - 72 -

steeply dipping street furniture

steering committee strength
stepped channel strength characteristics
stepped gradient strength envelope
stepped wall footing strength parameters
stereometry stress
stereoplot stress amplitude
stereoscope stress analysis
stereoscopic monitoring stress and strain response
stiff clay stress concentration
stiffening [] stress control
stiffness stress deviator
stochastic model stress difference
stockpile stress dilatancy theory []
Stokeslaw stress dispersion
stone column stress distribution
stone footing stress ellipsoid
stone forest () stress field
stone pitching stress history
stone tie stress invariant
stone-filled drain stress level
stopboard stress path
storm surge stress path method
stormwater drain stress ratio
stormwater drainage stress redistribution
stress relaxation
stormwater system stress relief
strain stress space
strain amplitude stress state
strain control stress tensor
strain deviator stress-strain behavior -
strain ellipsoid stress-strain curve -
strain gauge stress-strain relationship -
strain influence factor strike ()
strain invariant strike-slip fault
strain path strip footing
strain rate strip foundation
strain resolution () strip load
strain sensitivity () stripping
strain softening stroke
strain tensor structural cohesion ()
strain-hardening structural design
strand () structural geology
strategic landfill structural integrity
strategic planning structural member
stratification Study of Existing Slopes - Stage I General Review
stratified soil
stratigraphic stulm
stratigraphy () subangular particle
stratum subaqueous slump
streamline sub-artesian ground water
streamline flow subterranean river
subbase course ()

sub-bottom profiler
subcatchment
sub-contract
sub-contractor summer monsoon
subcritical
subcrop
subdrainage
subgrade
subgrade reaction
subgrade restraint
submarine outfall
submarine pipeline
submarine sampling
submerged density
submerged soil
submerged unit weight
submerged zone
submersible deep well pump
subrounded particle
subsidence surface depression
subsidence rate
subsidiary legislation
subsidiary procedure
subsoil surface drainage system
subsoil drain
subsoil drainage
sub-standard slope
substantially completed
sub-station (electric) ()
substratum surface protection
substructure
substructure works
subsurface
subsurface construction
subsurface erosion
subsurface excavation
subsurface exploration
subsurface runoff
subsurface seepage flow
subway
suction
suction force
suction pipe
suction plate apparatus
suction plate
suction pressure
sudden drawdown ()
suffosion ()
sulphate content
Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement
- 73 -
sulphate
sulphuric acid
sulphuric cement pile coupling
sump gallery
sump
sunk shaft foundation
superficial deposit []
superimposed load/surcharge
Superintendent of Mines
superplasticizer
super-saturation
superstratum
superstructure
supervision scheme
support elements []
surcharge
surety
surface channel
surface course ()
surface cover
surface displacement vector
surface drainage channel ()
surface erosion
surface flow
surface force
surface infiltration
surface preparation
surface roughness
surface runoff
surface rupture
surface settlement
surface soil
surface stripping
surface tension
surface texture
surface treatment
surface water
surface wave
surplus material
surplus sliding force
survey
surrounding rock ()
survey control ()
survey instrument
survey mark
survey plan
survey record plan
 - 74 -

suspended deck structure

suspended solid
suspension
suspension grout
swallow hole ()
swamp
Swedish circle method
swell ()
swell index
swelling
swelling clay
swelling index, Cs ()
swelling limit
swelling pressure
swelling soil
swelling test
syenite
sympathetic vibration
synchronic
synchronous
syncline
synthetic fibres
synthetical strength
systematic error
Systematic Identification and Registration of Slopes
in the Territory, SIRST

Systematic Identification of Maintenance
Responsibility of Slopes in the Territory, SIMAR

Systematic Inspections of Features in the Territory,
SIFT
 - 75 -

T tender
tender addenda
tachometric tender board
tailings tender documents
tailings dam tender drawing
talus tender negotiation
taluvium tender period []
tamped backfill tender price index
tamper tender procedure
tamping machine tender rate
tamping plate tender report
tamping roller tenderer
tangent modulus tensile crack
tangent pile tensile failure
tangential dislocation tensile strength
tangential stress tensile stress
tapered pile tensile test
taper-foot roller tensiometer
tapping method () tension
tarpaulin tension crack
taxiway tension pile
Taylor`s stability chart () tension zone
technical audit tentative specification
technical proposal teredo
technical specification [] term contract
technical supervision term contractor
technical/fee weighting terminal deposit () ()
technician apprentice terms of reference
tectonic discontinuity terrace
tectonic earthquake terrain
tectonic joint terrain classification map
tectonic stress field terrain evaluation
tectonic clastic terrain evaluation mapping
telemetry terra-probe
telescoping tube settlement gauge terrestrial
television borehole camera terrestrial deposit
tell-tale terrestrial photogrammetry
temperature effect terrigenous sediment
temperature gradient Territorial Development Strategy, TDS of HK
template
temporary bench mark Tertiary () ()
temporary drain Terzaghis bearing capacity theory
temporary excavation
temporary loading condition Terzaghis consolidation theory
test boring
temporary measures test data
temporary staging test embankment
temporary structure test fill
temporary support [] test load
temporary works test material preparation
temporary works design test method
tendency forecasting test panel
 - 76 -

test pile tieback

test pit tilt table ()
test result tilted terrace
test shaft tilting
test specimen tiltmeter
test trench timber crib cofferdam
testing accuracy timber fender
textural porosity timber pile
thalassogenic sedimentation () timber runner
the engineer designate timbering ()
the engineer for the contract time effect
the lowest tender time factor
time lag
thematic map time of slaking ()
thematic mapping time sequence
theodolite time-charge multiplier
theoretical time curve () time-charge
thermal conductivity time-distance graph ()
thermal geotechnics time-settlement curve -
thermal gradient tip resistance
thermal stability title record plan
thermal stabilization title survey
thermo-capillary movement toe blocks
thermo-osmosis toe circle
thermoplastic material toe drain
thickening of mud toe drainage
thin wall sampler toe protection
thinning out toe weight
thin-section (of a rock) () tolerable settlement
thixotropic fluid topographic map
thixotropic hardening topographic survey
thixotropy topography
three dimensional consolidation topple
three-phase diagram toppling
three-way split former toppling mass
thrust topsoil
thrust shaft torrent
tidal action torsional shear test
tidal current torsional vibration
tidal flow () torsional wave
tidal lag torvane
tidal model total collapse
tidal range Total Core Recovery
tidal variation/difference total normal stress, n
tidal zone total settlement
tide total shaft resistance, Qs
tide gauge total station
tide staff/pole total stress analysis
tide table total stress path
tie back wall total stress strength parameter
tie point
total stress ,
tie rod
town plan
 - 77 -

town planning trilateration survey

Town Planning Ordinance trimming
toxic material triple tube core barrel
tower crane triple rod extensometer
trachyte tropical hardwood
trail () trough () U()
trailer suction (hopper) dredger truck-mounted rig
trajectory of boulder fall true angle of internal friction
transcurrent fault true cohesion
transducer true-triaxial apparatus
transformed flow net trunk road
transgression trunk sewer
transgression of sea-water tube sampler
transient flow tubular pile
transient load tuff
transitional belt tuffaceous rhyolite
translational failure tuffite
translational scar () tufflava
transmission of pressure tug boat
transmissivity tunnel
transported soil tunnel lining
transverse crack tunnelling
transverse extensometer turbidity
transverse joint turbulence
transverse wave turbulent flow
trash grill turfing
traverse distance twenty-foot equivalent units, TEU
traverse () twin box culvert
tree ring two-dimension flow
tree survey plan [] two-dimensional consolidation
tremie () two-fluid process ()
tremie concrete two-shot grouting ()
trench
trench excavation
trench works
Tresca criterion
trestle pile
trial
trial pit
trial trench
trial wedge method
triangulation survey
Triassic () ()
triaxial apparatus
triaxial cell
triaxial compression test
triaxial shear test
triaxial state of stress
triaxial test
tributary
trigonometric heighting
trigonometric station
 - 78 -

U uniaxial tensile strength test

uniaxial tension test
ultimate bearing capacity Unified Soil Classification System, USCS
ultimate limit state
ultimate load uniform deposit ()
ultimate pile load uniform soil
ultimate strength value uniformity
ultimate stress state uniformity coefficient
umber uniformly-distributed load
unbalanced load unit
unbiased estimate unit cost
uncemented fault unit mass
uncertainty unit shaft resistance
uncharged structure unit skin friction
unconformable fault unit weight of water, w
unconfined aquifer
unit weight,
unconfined compressive strength []
universal testing machine

Universal Transverse Mercator Grid, UTM Grid
unconfined compression test []


unloading
unconformity
unloading joint
unconsolidated material
unloading modulus
unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test, UU-test
unpaved area

unplasticised polyvinyl chloride, UPVC
uncontaminated mud []

unda
unsaturated sample []
undamped natural frequency
unsaturated soil
undercoat
unsteady flow
underconsolidated clay
unsuitable material
undercut slope
unsupported height
underground engineering
unsurfaced road
underground erosion
upgrade (a slope) ()
underground exploration
upgrading works
underground mining
uplift pile
underlayer
uplift pressure
underloaded stream
uplift test ()
underlying stratum
upper bound theorem
undermining
upper elastic limit
underpinning (of foundation)
urban geological hazard

urban geology
under-reamed bored pile
ustert
undertaking form
utilities
Undertermined ()
utility company
undissolved residue
uvala
undisturbed sample
undisturbed soil
undrained shear strength
undrained shear test
undrained test
unfavourable condition
uniaxial state of stress
uniaxial tensile strength
 - 79 -

V virgin compression curve

virgin isotropic consolidation line
vacuum preloading
vacuum pump virginal overburden pressure
vacuum sampling tube viscoelastic behavior
vadose viscoelasticity
vadose water discharge viscosity
Van der Waals force viscous damping
vane borer viscous flow
vane shear test visual assessment
vane shear strength visual examination
variable head permeability test visual inspection
variable module model void(s)
variance void water
variation void ratio, e
variation order volcanic ash
varved clay volcanic hazard
varvity volcanic rock
vegetation volcanic saprolite
vegetation cover volcanics
vegetation succession volcano
vein (in a rock) volume of entrainment
velocity field volumetric apparatus
verification volumetric flask
vertical alignment volumetric heat capacity
vertical angle volumetric shrinkage
vertical seawall volumetric specific heat
vibrating compactor volumetric strain,
vibrating extractor Von Mises criterion
vibrating pile-driver vortex
vibrating plate compactor V-shaped valley V
vibrating roller
vibrating wire cell
vibrating wire extensometer
vibrating wire strain gauge
vibration absorber
vibration isolator
vibration screen
vibratory pile hammer
vibrex pile
vibrocorer
vibrocoring
vibro-densification
vibroflot
vibroflotation method
vibro-pile driver
vibro-pile
vibro-rammer
vibro-replacement stone column
vibro-roller
Village Type Development ()
()
 - 80 -

W watertight screen
watertight shutter
Wakefield sheet pile watertightness test
waling watertightness
wall adhesion waterworks
wall foundation wave climate
wall friction wave crest
wandering dune wave equation analysis
warning level wave force
warning system wave front
wash boring wave length
wash drilling wave number
washout wave prediction curve
waste disposal site wave prediction
waste reception facility wave run-up
water absorption wave spectrum
water acidification wave uplift pressure
water affinity wave velocity
water bath wave wall
water bearing formation wave-cut platform
water contamination wax sealing method
water content ratio wax-sealed sample
water content/moisture content weak intercalation
water distribution system () weak plane
water divide weak rock
water flush boring weak seismicity region
water glass weak subsoil
water head weakness
water injection test hole wearing pad
water jet wearing surface ()
water level weathered zone
water main weathering ()
water of crystallization weathering grade ()
water pressure [] weathering profile ()
water proofing admixture web
Water Quality & Hydraulic Mathematical Models, wedge
WAHMO wedge aquifer
water reducing admixture wedge theory
water repellent additive weep hole (in retaining wall or on surface protection
water resources of slope) ()
water sample
water sampler Weibell distribution
water table weighbridge
water-bearing service weighted average
water-carrying services () weighted filter
watercourse weighting
water-film theory weld
waterfront welding machine
water-pressure test well eruption
waterproofing measures well function
waterproofing system well logging
waterstop well shooting
watertight well washing
 - 81 -

well-graded soil
well-point method
well-pumping test
Westergaards theory
wet compaction
wet density,
wet season
wet sieving
wet unit weight,
wetting band approach
wharf
wheeled/tracked/lorry mounted crane //

whole rock age
wick drain
wind load
wind rose
wind stress factor
wind-laid deposit
wingwall
Winkler model () (Winkle)
Winklers assumption
wire gage
wire mesh
wire saw
withdrawal of casing
without prejudice to
work site
workability ()
work-hardening
working chamber of pneumatic caisson

working day
working face
working stress
working stress design
working stress method
workmanship
works area
Works Bureau Technical Circular, WBTC

works order
work-softening
World Geodetic System 84, WGS84 1984

worst credible groundwater condition

 - 82 -

X
xenolith
X-ray diffraction analysis X
X-ray identification X
X-ray photograph X
X-ray powdered crystal diagram method X

X-ray powdered crystal diffraction method X

xylophyta

Y
yield criterion
yield locus
yield point
yield stress
yield stress model
yield surface
yield value
Youngs modulus, E

Z
Zener model
zenith distance
zero air void curve
zero air void ratio
Zeta potential,
zoic
zonal embankment ()
zonality
zone of aeration
zone of capillarity
zone of capillary saturation
zone of saturation
zoned dam
 - 83 -

Glossary of Geotechnical Terms (English to Chinese)

(
)

To: Chief Geotechnical Engineer/Planning
11/F, Civil Engineering and Development Building
101 Princess Margaret Road
Homantin, Kowloon
Hong Kong
Fax: (852) 2714-0247 Tel. (852) 2762-5400

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(
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Chinese (
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Note or Comment (
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