Shell Forces/Stresses Form

Important Note: The internal shell element forces are forces per unit length acting
along the mid-surface of the shell element (area object). The internal shell element
stresses are stresses acting on the edges (not positive 3-axis face and negative 3-axis
face) of the shell element (area object).

For shell element internal forces, the possible components are as follows:

o F11: Direct force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element
on the positive and negative 1 faces in the 1-axis direction.

o F22: Direct force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element
on the positive and negative 2 faces in the 2-axis direction.

o F12: Shearing force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element on the positive and negative 1 faces in the 2-axis direction, and
acting on the positive and negative 2 faces in the 1-axis direction.
o FMax: Maximum principal force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of
the element. Note that by definition principal forces are oriented such that
the associated shearing force per unit length is zero.

o FMin: Minimum principal force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of
the element. Note that by definition principal forces are oriented such that
the associated shearing force per unit length is zero.
o FVM: Von Mises principal force per unit length acting at the mid-surface
of the element.

o V13: Out-of-plane shear per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element on the positive and negative 1 faces in the 3-axis direction.
o V23: Out-of-plane shear per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element on the positive and negative 2 faces in the 3-axis direction.

o VMax: Maximum principal shear per unit length acting at the mid-surface
of the element. Note that by definition principal shears are oriented on
faces of the element such that the associated shears per unit length on
perpendicular faces are zero.
o M11: Direct moment per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element on the positive and negative 1 faces about the 2-axis.

o M22: Direct moment per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element on the positive and negative 2 faces about the 1-axis.

o M12: Twisting moment per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element on the positive and negative 1 faces about the 1-axis, and acting
on the positive and negative 2 faces about the 2-axis.

o MMax: Maximum principal moment per unit length acting at the mid-
surface of the element. Note that by definition principal moments are
oriented such that the associated twisting moment per unit length is zero.

o MMin: Minimum principal moment per unit length acting at the mid-surface
of the element. Note that by definition principal moments are oriented such
that the associated twisting moment per unit length is zero.
For shell element internal stresses, the possible components are as follows:
o

o S11: Direct stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative
1 faces in the 1-axis direction.

o S22: Direct stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative
2 faces in the 2-axis direction.

o S12: Shearing stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and
negative 1 faces in the 2-axis direction and acting on the positive and
negative 2 faces in the 1-axis direction.

o SMax: Maximum principal stress (force per unit area). Note that by
definition principal stresses are oriented such that the associated shearing
stress is zero.

o SMin: Minimum principal stress (force per unit area). Note that by
definition principal stresses are oriented such that the associated shearing
stress is zero.

o SVM: Von Mises principal stress (force per unit area).

o S13: Out-of-plane shearing stress (force per unit area) acting on the
positive and negative 1 faces in the 3-axis direction.

o S23: Out-of-plane shearing stress (force per unit area) acting on the
positive and negative 2 faces in the 3-axis direction.

o SMaxV: Maximum principal shearing stress (force per unit area). Note that
by definition principal shearing stresses are oriented on faces of the
element such that the associated shears per unit length on perpendicular
faces are zero.
Finally, when shell element forces and stresses are plotted for multi-
valued load combinations, ETABS displays the maximum or minimum
value that has the largest absolute value.