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Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Contents
VAMOS Feature Description
1. Basic Principles of VAMOS
2. Application Scenarios
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page3
Basic Principles of VAMOS
Function description
VAMOS is used to increase the capacity of the global system for mobile
communications (GSM) network. VAMOS multiplexes two users on one
full-rate or half-rate channel to increase the number of available radio
channels on the Um interface.
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Basic Principles of VAMOS
The base transceiver station (BTS) uses the AQPSK modulation mode
and orthogonal TSC in the downlink. Therefore, the mobile station (MS)
must support SAIC to correctly demodulate downlink signals.
In the uplink, the MS still uses the GMSK modulation mode to modulate
signals. The BTS demodulates two signals by using the interference
cancellation algorithm (such as IRC and SIC) and orthogonal TSC.
Downlink Uplink
Uplin
TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 0 TS 1 TS 2
-QPSK
TSC 1 GMS
GMSK
TSC 2
GMS
GMSK
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Basic Principles of VAMOS
Downlink signal modulation
The BTS uses the modulation mode similar to QPSK to send signals. The data of two users is mapped to
different bits of the QPSK symbol. Then, /2 phase rotation is performed for the symbol. The existing SAIC MS
can directly demodulate signals from those received on the corresponding subchannel.
The SAIC receiver separates the received signals as real and imaginary parts and takes them as signal diversity
tributaries so that the diversity effect is obtained by using one antenna.
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Basic Principles of VAMOS
Uplink signal modulation: The MS uses the existing modulation algorithm
to modulate signals.
Downlink signal demodulation (SAIC algorithm)
Successive interference cancellation (SIC) uses the interference rejection combing (IRC) algorithm to
demodulate the strong-power user channels, deducts the strong-power user information from the received
signals, and then uses IRC to demodulate the remaining weak-power signals.
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Basic Principles of VAMOS
TSC users implement channel estimation, that is, obtain the channel
characteristics. Based on the modulation and demodulation modes, third
generation partnership project (3GPP) defines eight training sequences
numbered 0 to 7. For example, training sequence defined by normal burst
in GMSK modulation mode:
The eight TSCs defined by 3GPP are not closely related. To obtain better
orthogonality, The VAMOS workgroup defines a new TSC for VAMOS
multiplexing.
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Basic Principles of VAMOS
To support VAMOS better, 3GPP introduces a new TSC and an
advanced receiver structure. MSs are classified as follows based on
whether they support the functions:
MS MS Capability Pairing SAIC New VAMOS Marketing
Classification Restriction Training Performance
Sequence Description
Legacy Non-SAIC Considering the alpha QPSK A legacy non-SAIC Not Not Low The current MS
technology, a non-SAIC MS MS cannot be supported supported performance penetration rate is
may be multiplexed on the paired with a 70% (3GPP).
VAMOS subchannel in the case legacy non-SAIC
of certain power offset. MS or legacy SAIC
MS.
Legacy SAIC Compared with a non-SAIC MS, A legacy SAIC MS Supported Not Crucial for the The current MS
a legacy SAIC MS features cannot be paired supported existing MS to penetration rate is
more powerful demodulation with a legacy non- support 30% (3GPP).
capability but supports only the SAIC MS (the VAMOS. Its
existing TSC. It supports pairing is capacity gain
VAMOS multiplexing well and theoretically is much lower
does not require much for the feasible, but it than the
MS on another subchannel. requires much for VAMOS MS.
power offset;
therefore, it is not
applicable).
VAMOS level I It supports the new TSC None. Supported Supported It supports It is not launched
defined for VAMOS. high- to the market yet.
performance
VAMOS truly.
VAMOS level II It supports a more advanced None. Supported Supported Further It is not launched
demodulation algorithm, enhanced. to the market yet.
supports the new TSC, and can
further improve the
demodulation performance
based on the TSC used by the
two multiplexed channels.
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page9
Application Scenarios
VAMOS is applicable to the scenario
where network frequencies are loosely
multiplexed and the capacity is limited.
Typical scenarios are as follows:
Wide coverage in rural areas
In the scenario of wide coverage in rural areas, the frequency multiplexing
rate is low. On the basis of the AHS application, if the penetration rate of
VAMOS MSs is high, satisfactory voice capacity gain can be obtained. Rural area
Thin network after GSM refarming
The GSM network will coexist with the 3G or even 4G network in a long
term. On the one hand, the number of GSM users decreases gradually,
and the GSM network undergoes continuous refarming; on the other
hand, the operator needs to maintain a thin GSM network for a long
time to guarantee the coverage for users. On the basis of the AHS
application, VAMOS can further meet the traffic peak requirements on
the thin GSM network. That is, a larger traffic capacity can be provided
with a small configuration.
Refarmed GSM
Other scenarios
For some areas where the number of GSM users rapidly increases,
when the user capacity requirement becomes higher, the operator can
increase TRXs and improve frequency multiplexing rate to expand the
capacity. This may greatly decrease the VAMOS gain. Therefore, the
VAMOS technology is not applicable to the area where the number of
GSM users still increases rapidly.
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Impacts of VAMOS on the Network (1)
After VAMOS is enabled, the number of available air
interface channels increases. As a result, the number of
transmission timeslots of the Abis, Ater, and A interfaces
increases. Therefore, before VAMOS is enabled,
transmission resources must be increased.
With the increase of transmission resources, the Abis/Ater/A
interface resources must also be increased, that is,
transmission interface boards in the BSC must be increased.
Along with the increase of A interface resource, TC boards
must also be increased.
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Impacts of VAMOS on the Network (2)
The orthogonal TSC is required to enable VAMOS.
Therefore, the TSCs on the network must be re-planed.
VAMOS is not used: The TSCs and BCCs are bound on the
network, and the TSCs can be planned at will.
VAMOS is used: To prevent cells from using the same
frequency and TSC in the case of inter-cell timeslot alignment,
re-plan the TSCs on the network by using a method similar to
frequency planning before enabling VAMOS. This method is
meant to enlarge the multiplexing distance between the cells
that use the same TSC.
After VAMOS is used, the cells need to use the second TSC,
and therefore the second TSC must be planed so that the cells
do not use the same TSC as peripheral cells.
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Impacts of VAMOS on the Network (3)
After VAMOS is enabled, more BTS destination signaling
point (DSP) processing resources are required (the number
of channels to be processed concurrently increases and
new modulation algorithms need to be used), and the
service processing capability of the BTS deteriorates. In
busy hours, the EDGE rate and EDGE+ rate are decreased.
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Design and Implementation Method
VAMOS channel management
After VAMOS is enabled for a cell, half-rate channels can
implement VAMOS multiplexing. This can be explained as
follows: one subchannel in a timeslot is equivalent to four
HR subchannels instead of two HR subchannels. One full-
rate channel is still indicated as one channel.
VAMOS supports full-rate and half-rate channels but it supports only half-
rate channels in GBSS13.0.
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Design and Implementation Method
VAMOS channel multiplexing
In normal cases, when user A and user B access the network independently, each
occupies one half-rate channel. If user A and user B meet the multiplexing conditions,
the BSC hands user B over to the channel occupied by user A.
If user B is accessing the network and meets the multiplexing conditions, the BSC
directly assigns user B to the channel occupied by user A.
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Design and Implementation Method
VAMOS channel demultiplexing
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Design and Implementation Method
VAMOS transmission resource management
VAMOS supports TDM, IP, and high-level data link control
(HDLC) transmission resources.
VAMOS supports TDM: If an office adopts TDM, the office
must be configured with FlexAbis. Expand channel numbers
to support VAMOS multiplexing.
VAMOS supports IP: After VAMOS is used, subchannel
numbers are expanded to 0 to 3.
VAMOS supports HDLC: After VAMOS is used, subchannel
numbers are expanded to 0 to 3.
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Design and Implementation Method
VAMOS processing capability adaptation
For the MRFU/MRRU V1&V2, service restrictions coexist
with VAMOS, EDGE, and EDGE+. Based on the DSP
computing capability of the supported carrier group, the
BSC determines the VAMOS channel of the timeslot in the
carrier group.
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Design and Implementation Method
MS compatibility
Due to MS compatibility, MS type database is not available
on the BSC. This database records the VAMOS capability of
MSs of different types. The MSs are classified as follows:
MSs in the white list: This type of MSs can completely support
VAMOS multiplexing.
MSs in the gray list: The performance of this type of MSs varies with
the TSC combination. The hop-Alpha QPSK modulation mode,
however, can be used to upgrade the MS performance.
If MS compatibility is not considered, the BSC implements
multiplexing based on the VAMOS support capability
reported by the MS by using the classmark. If MS
compatibility is considered, the BSC obtains the MS type
and then implements multiplexing based on the MS
compatibility stored in the MS type database.
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page19
Design and Implementation Method
MS compatibility
You can run ADD GMSSAICCAP to set the MS type
database on the BSC, that is, add MSs in the white list and
gray list manually.
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Design and Implementation Method
Mute-SAIC MS identification
Mute-SAIC MS: An MS that supports SAIC but does not
report the SAIC support capability. This type of MSs affects
the VAMOS multiplexing rate.
If the CONNECTACK message is received during a call and
the channel quality of the call meets the condition, a
detection request is initiated to instruct the BTS to
implement automatic mute-SAIC identification.
After the BTS receives the automatic mute-SAIC
identification request, the BTS starts automatic mute-SAIC
identification.
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Design and Implementation Method
Mute-SAIC MS identification
Procedure for identifying Mute-SAIC MSs by the BTS:
The BTS forcibly changes the modulation mode of downlink data to alpha-QPSK,
and sends dummy frames on another channel.
The BTS determines whether the MS supports VAMOS based on the downlink
quality changes.
IMEI 15 digits
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Design and Implementation Method
Mute-SAIC MS identification
You can run EXP MSSAICCAPMML to convert the BSC detection
result into a man-machine language (MML) script and save it in
\bam\version_x\ftp \ms_saic_cap on the OMU. Here, x refers to
the specific version number.
You can use the file manager on the Web LMT to export the
generated MML script to a local path. Then, run the MML script to
import the automatic detection result into the MS database.
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Design and Implementation Method
Automatic problem MS identification
Problem MS: An MS that supports SAIC and causes
call drops during multiplexing. This type of MSs
requires to be identified.
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Design and Implementation Method
Operation and maintenance of VAMOS
Run SET FHO to force calls to implement VAMOS
multiplexing.
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Data Configuration Procedure
VAMOS configuration procedure
Step 1: If the BTS transmission mode is TDM, when you run
ADD BTS to add a BTS, set Flex Abis Mode to FLEX_ABIS.
For an existing BTS, you can run MOD BTS to set Flex Abis
Mode to FLEX_ABIS. If the BTS transmission mode is IP or
HDLC, skip this step.
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Data Configuration Procedure
VAMOS configuration procedure
Step 2: Run SET GCELLPWRBASIC to set Power Control
Switch to PWR3.
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Data Configuration Procedure
VAMOS configuration procedure
Step 3: Run SET GCELLPWR3 to set III Power Control to
YES.
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Data Configuration Procedure
VAMOS configuration procedure
Step 4: Run SET GCELLVAMOS to set VAMOS to ON.
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Data Configuration Procedure
VAMOS configuration procedure
Step 5: Run SET GCELLVAMOSPWR to set Allow alpha-
QPSK Power Control and Allow SIC Power Control to ON.
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Data Configuration Procedure
Configuration procedure for mute-SAIC MS identification (optional)
Step 6: Run SET GCELLVAMOS to set Mute SAIC Terminal
Processing Switch and Auto Mute SAIC Identification Switch to
ON.
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Data Configuration Procedure
Configuration procedure for problem MS identification
(optional)
Step 7: Run SET GCELLVAMOS to set Problem SAIC
Terminal Processing Switch and Problem SAIC Terminal
Identify Switch to ON.
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Configuration Procedure on the CME
VAMOS Configuration Procedure
Step 1: If the BTS service mode is set to TDM, set Flex Abis Mode to Flex Abis when
adding BTSs with the wizard, and run the MOD BTS command to set Flex Abis Mode to
Flex Abis. If the BTS service mode is set to IP or HDLC, ignore this step.
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Configuration Procedure on the CME
VAMOS Configuration Procedure
Step 1: If the BTS already exists, right-click the BTS, and choose Modify Multiplexing
Mode or Flex Abis Mode from the shortcut menu, and set Flex Abis mode to Flex
Abis in the displayed dialog box. If the service mode of the BTS is set to IP or HDLC,
ignore this step.
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Configuration Procedure on the CME
VAMOS Configuration Procedure
Step 2: Set Power Control Switch to Power controlIII in the Basic Parameters for
Power Control of Cell table.
The procedure for navigating to the Basic Parameters for Power Control of Cell table is as follows: On
the Main View tab, right-click a cell, and choose Cell Configuration Express from the shortcut menu.
On the Properties tab, click Basic Parameters for Power Control of Cell. The Basic Parameters for
Power Control of Cell table is displayed in the right pane.
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Configuration Procedure on the CME
VAMOS Configuration Procedure
Step 3: Set III Power Control Optimized Enable to Yes in the Parameters for Power
Control III of Cell table.
The procedure for navigating to the Parameters for Power Control III of Cell table is as follows: On the
Main View tab, right-click a cell, and choose Cell Configuration Express from the shortcut menu. On
the Properties tab, click Parameters for Power Control III of Cell. The Parameters for Power Control
III of Cell table is displayed in the right pane.
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Configuration Procedure on the CME
VAMOS Configuration Procedure
Step 4: Set VAMOS Switch to On in the VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell
table.
The procedure for navigating to the VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell table is as follows:
On the Main View tab, right-click a cell, and choose Cell Configuration Express from the shortcut menu.
On the Properties tab, click VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell. The VAMOS Channel
Multiplex Parameters of Cell table is displayed in the right pane.
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Configuration Procedure on the CME
VAMOS Configuration Procedure
Step 5: Set Allow alpha QPSK Power Control to On and Allow SIC Power Control to
On in the Power Control Parameters for VAMOS Call of Cell table.
The procedure for navigating to the Power Control Parameters for VAMOS Call of Cell table is as
follows: On the Main View tab, right-click a cell, and choose Cell Configuration Express from the
shortcut menu. On the Properties tab, click Power Control Parameters for VAMOS Call of Cell. The
Power Control Parameters for VAMOS Call of Cell table is displayed in the right pane.
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Configuration Procedure on the CME
Setting Mute SAIC Identification (Optional)
Step 6: Set Mute SAIC Terminal Processing Switch to On and Auto Mute SAIC
Identification Switch to On in the VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell table.
The procedure for navigating to the VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell table is as follows:
On the Main View tab, right-click a cell, and choose Cell Configuration Express from the shortcut menu.
On the Properties tab, click VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell. The VAMOS Channel
Multiplex Parameters of Cell table is displayed in the right pane.
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Configuration Procedure on the CME
Setting Faulty Terminal Detection (Optional)
Step 7: Set Problem SAIC Terminal Identify Switch to On and Problem SAIC TRMNL
Identify Manual Start to On in the VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell table.
The procedure for navigating to the VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell table is as follows:
On the Main View tab, right-click a cell, and choose Cell Configuration Express from the shortcut menu.
On the Properties tab, click VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell. The VAMOS Channel
Multiplex Parameters of Cell table is displayed in the right pane.
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Verification Procedure
VAMOS verification procedure
Step 1: Assume that VAMOS is enabled for a cell and two MSs
supporting VAMOS are used in the cell to initiate calls,
configure parameters so that the two calls occupy half-rate
channels.
Step 2: Run SET FHO to forcibly multiplex one half-rate call on
the other channel.
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Description of Key Parameters (1)
Parameter Name Parameter Description Impact on the Network
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Description of Key Parameters (2)
Parameter Name Parameter Description Impact on the Network
Allow alpha-QPSK Power Specifies whether to enable the alpha-QPSK If the alpha-QPSK downlink power
Control power control sub-algorithm of the VAMOS control algorithm is enabled, the BTS
technology (one timeslot multiplexed by power consumption decreases, the
voice services of multiple users). network interference decreases, and the
downlink network drive test (DT) quality
is improved.
Allow SIC Power Control Specifies whether to enable the uplink SIC If the SIC uplink power control algorithm
power control sub-algorithm of the VAMOS is enabled, the MS power consumption
technology. decreases, the network interference
decreases, and the uplink network DT
quality is improved.
Mute SAIC Terminal Specifies whether to enable the mute-SAIC If this switch is on, IMEI identification is
Processing Switch MS processing function of a cell. ON: enable performed for a call before TCH
the mute-SAIC MS processing function; Off: assignment. As a result, call connection
disable the mute-SAIC MS processing is delayed.
function. Mute-SAIC MS processing includes
mute-SAIC matching and identification
based on the database and automatic mute-
SAIC identification.
Auto Mute SAIC Specifies whether to enable the automatic If this switch is on, uplink and downlink
Identification Switch mute-SAIC identification function of a cell. DTX must be disabled during mute-
Mute-SAIC MS: An MS that supports SAIC SAIC identification, and this influences
but is reported as incapable of SAIC. ON: the network interference. Alpha-QPSK
enable the automatic mute-SAIC modulation is used in the downlink, and
identification function of a cell; Off: disable the downlink receiving quality is
the automatic mute-SAIC identification degraded in a call.
function of a cell.
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Description of Performance
Measurement Counters
Counter Name Short Name Counter Description Remarks
Number of A3100J This counter measures the total number of new calls that
Successful VAMOS meet the VAMOS candidate user conditions during
assigned channel multiplexing determination. If the value
Candidate Call of this counter is low, it indicates that the SD channel
Decisions quality is low or the number of new calls that meet the
(Assignment) VAMOS candidate user conditions is small because the
VAMOS candidate user conditions set for new calls are
strict (excessively higher requirements for quality and
ATCB).
This counter measures the total number of times that a new
call during assignment and an established call can be
paired (the paring is determined in assignment mode) in a
cell. It is used to calculate the assigned channel
Number of VAMOS multiplexing success rate and the ratio of the number of
Channel Multiplexing A3100L assigned channel multiplexing attempts to the total number
Attempts (Assignment) of channel multiplexing attempts. If the value of this counter
is far smaller than the value of Number of Successful
VAMOS Candidate Call Decisions (Assignment)
, you can loosen the path loss offset threshold and VAMOS
overload threshold involved in assigned channel
multiplexing determination to allow more users to be paired.
This counter measures the total number of VAMOS channel
Number of VAMOS assignment commands for VAMOS channel multiplexing
Channel Multiplexing (VAMOS channel multiplexing is triggered by assignment) in
Commands A3100M a cell. If the value of this counter is far smaller than the
(Assignment) value of Number of VAMOS Channel Multiplexing Attempts
(Assignment), it indicates that lower-layer connection fails
or the Abis interface resources are insufficient.
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Description of Traffic Measurement
Counters
Counter Name Short Name Counter Description Remarks
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Description of Traffic Measurement
Counters
Counter Name Short Name Counter Description Remarks
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Description of Traffic Measurement
Counters
Counter Name Short Name Counter Description Remarks
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Description of Traffic Measurement
Counters
Counter Name Short Name Counter Description Remarks
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronym or Abbreviation Full Spelling
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronym or Abbreviation Full Spelling
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