Drug Study

Generic Name Brand Name Dosage Indications Contraindications Side Effects Nursing
Responsibility
Nateglinide Starlix 120 mg PO tid Adjunct to diet Hypersensitivity to Headache, Monitor urine
taken 1-30 min and exercise to the drug, diabetic paresthesias, or serum
before meals lower blood ketoacidosis, type dizziness, glucose levels
glucose in patients 1 diabetes, hypoglycaemia and HBA1c
with type 2 pregnancy and (low risk), levels frequently
diabetes mellitus lactation. nausea, diarrhea, to determine
whose constipation, effectiveness of
hyperglycemia vomiting drug and dosage
cannot be dyspepsia, URI, being used.
managed by diet sinusitis, rhinitis Administer
and exercise and bronchitis. drug three times
alone. a day 1-30 min
Combination before meals; if
therapy with a patient skips or
metformin or a adds a meal, the
thiazolidinedione dosage should
for glycemic be skipped or
control in those added
patients with type appropriately.
2 diabetes who do Arrange for
not receive consult with
adequate control dietitian and
with diet and thorough
either drug. diabetic teaching
program.
Pioglitazone Actos 15-30 mg daily Monotherapy as Allergy to any Headache, pain, Monitor
as a single oral an adjunct to thiazolidinedione, myalgia, fluid baseline LFTs
dose exercise and diet type 1 diabetes, retention, HF, before beginning
to improve ketoacidosis, New hypoglycaemia, therapy and
 glucose control in York Heart hyperglycemia, periodically
patients with type Association Class aggravated during therapy.
2 diabetes. III or IV HF, diabetes, Monitor urine
As part of lactation diarrhea, liver or blood glucose
combination with injury, sinusitis, levels to
sulfonylurea, URI, rhinitis, determine
metformin or infection, fatigue effectiveness of
insulin when diet, and tooth drug and dosage
exercise plus a disorders. being used.
single agent alone Arrange for
does not result in consult with
adequate glycemic dietitian and
control in type 2 thorough
diabetes. diabetic teaching
program
Pramlintide Symlin Type 1 diabetes: Adjunct treatment Hypersensitivity to Dizziness, be aware that
acetate Initially 15 mcg in patients with pramlintide or any headache, severe
by subcutaneous type 1 diabetes of its components, fatigue, nausea, hypoglycaemia
injection who use meal time gastroparesis, anorexia, has been
immediately insulin and who hypoglycaemia vomiting, associated with
before major have failed to unawareness. abdominal pain, combined used
meals. achieve desired cough, of insulin,
glucose control pharyngitis and pramlintide
despite optimal hypoglycaemia. monitoring
insulin therapy. accordingly.
Adjunct therapy in Monitor serum
type 2 diabetes glucose levels
patients who use and HBA1c
meal time insulin levels frequently
and who have to evaluate
failed to achieve effectiveness of
desired glucose drug on
control despite controlling
 optimal insulin glucose levels.
therapy with or Do not
without a combine in
concurrent syringe with
sulfonylurea or insulin.
metformin. Maintain other
antidiabetic
drugs, diet and
exercise regimen
for control of
diabetes.
Repaglinide Prandin 0.5-4mg PO Adjunct to diet Hypersensitivity to Headache, Administer
taken tid or qid and exercise to the drug, diabetic paresthesias, drug before
15-30 min lower blood ketoacidosis, & hypoglycaemia, meals; if a
before meals glucose in patients type 1 diabetes. diarrhea, patient skips or
with type 2 constipation, adds a meal, the
diabetes mellitus vomiting, dosage should
whose dyspepsia, URI, be skipped or
hyperglycemia sinusitis, rhinitis added
cannot be and bronchitis. appropriately.
managed by diet Monitor urine
and exercise or serum
alone. glucose levels
Combination frequently to
therapy with determine
metformin or effectiveness of
thiazolidinediones drug and dosage
to lower blood being used.
glucose in patients Arrange for
whose consult with
hyperlycemia dietitian and
cannot be thorough
controlled on diet diabetic teaching
 and exercise plus program.
monotherapyy
with any of the
following agents
alone: Metformin,
sulfonylureas, or
thiazolidinediones.
Rosiglitazone Avandia 4 mg as single Monotherapy as Allergy to any Headache, pain, Monitor
maleate oral dose or an adjunct to diet thiazolidinedione, HF, baseline LFTs
divided into 2 and exercise to type 1 diabetes, hypoglycemia, before beginning
doses improve glucose ketoacidosis, New hyperlycemia, therapy and
control in patients York heart diarrhea, liver periodically
with type 2 association Class injury, sinusitis, during therapy.
diabetes. III or Iv Hf, URI, dyspnea, Monitor serum
As part of lactation. rhinitis, glucose levels
combination with infections, frequently to
metformin or fatigue, determine
sulfonylurea when accidental injury effectiveness of
diet, exercise, and and edema. drug and dosage
either agent alone being used.
do not result in Administer
adequate glycemic without regard
control in type 2 to meals.
diabetes. Arrange for
consult with
dietitian and
thorough
diabetic teaching
program.
Saxaglipitin Onglyza 2.5-5 mg/ day As an adjunct to History of serious Headache, Monitor blood
PO without diet and exercise hypersensitivity dizziness, glucose and
regards to meals to improve reactions to abdominal pain, HBA1c levels
glycemic control saxaglipiitin gastroenteritis, before and
 in adults with type vomiting, UTI, periodically
2 diabetes. URI, during therapy.
nasopharyngitis Monitor renal
and function test
hypoglycemia. before and
periodically
during therapy.
Ensure that a
patient continues
diet and exercise
program
management o
type 2 diabetes.
Arrange for
thorough
diabetic teaching
program.
Sitagliptin Januvia 100 mg/ day as Adjunct to diet History of serious Headache, Monitor blood
phosphate monotherapy or and exercise to hypersensitivity nasopharyngitis, glucose levels
combined with improve glycemic reactions to URIs, and and HBA1c
metformin, control in patients sitagliptin. hypoglycaemia. before and
pioglitazone, with type 2 periodically
rosiglitazone or diabetes mellitus, during therapy.
other drugs. as monotherapy or Ensure that a
with oral patient continues
antidiabetics. diet and exercise
program
management o
type 2 diabetes.
Monitor renal
function test
before and
periodically
during therapy.
Arrange for
thorough
diabetic teaching
program.