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Problem Set #2
Note: Kinematic viscosity, , is the dynamic viscosity, , divided by the density, .
Kinematic viscosity has units of cm2/s and is also known as momentum
diffusivity.
=
1. 7.14
2. 7.16
3. Mass continuity.
As pictured in the diagram we have a nozzle with flow along its axis to the right. At
the entrance on the left the nozzle has a radius of R and the velocity of the radial flow
is given by the equation where C is a constant. The flow exists the nozzle on the right
where the exit has a surface area of Aout and is also inclined at an angle of from
vertical. Find an expression for the average fluid velocity exiting the nozzle, in terms
of R, C, Aout, , and the fluid density .
!
!" = 1
4. Non-Newtonian fluids.
The Ellis model can be used to represent the viscosity of certain non-Newtonian
fluids:
!!!
!
=1+
!/!
c. Determine the relationship between ! and !/! of the Ellis model and of the
general power-law fluid.
d. The figure below gives viscosity as a function of shear rate for a 0.4 wt% solution
of polyacrylamide at room temperature. The data comes from D. V. Boger. Why
cant we expect the Ellis model to fit the data over the entire range of shear rates
shown? Suggest an empirical correction to the Ellis model that might give a
better fit.
e. Imagine we have two parallel plates separated by a distance h. The top plate
moves at a velocity v. A general power-law fluid occupies the space between the
two plates and the velocity profile between the plates is linear. What is the shear
stress in the fluid?