Cogeneration - Octombrie - 2010 PDF

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SEPTEMBER/
OCTOBER 2010
NEW FROM SOUTH KOREAS COGEN
COSPP EXPANSION PLAN
FREE PRODUCT INFO The Republic of Korea has ambitious plans for the expansion of both
CHP and its district heating network, and is working on district cooling
You can request product and technologies.
service information from this
issue. Simply click on the link
below that will provide you
access to supplier companies
websites, product information ORC TECHNOLOGY ADDS
and more.
VALUE TO BIOMASS CHP
http://cospp.hotims.com Over the last ten years Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) technology has
more than proved its value for small, decentralized biomass CHP
If you are considering suppliers plants.
or buying products you read
about in COSPP, please use
this service. It gives us an idea
of how products are being
received to help us continually
improve our editorial offering
ENGINE-BASED CHP
and it also lets our advertisers BENEFITS INDUSTRIAL SITES
know that you are a COSPP
reader and helps them to At two industrial sites in Italy internal combustion engines are being
continue supporting the free used to generate power and heat with high efficiency and low emissions.
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Calling all owners and operators of decentralized

energy and/or combined heat and power plants

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Guide
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Sourcing suppliers? 3OHDVHFOLFNKHUHWRFRQWDFWXV

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directory here
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Contents | Zoom in | Zoom out For navigation instructions please click here Search Issue | Next Page
September - October 2010
&
OnSite Power Production

w w w. c o s p p . c o m
South Korea targets

CHP expansion with
district energy
COGENERATION & ONSITE POWER PRODUCTION
Click here
to access
Spring Energy 2010
Catalogue
WWW.COSPP.COM
A BOTTOM-UP EUROPEAN ENERGY POLICY Q PLANT PERFORMANCE MONITORING Q ENGINE-BASED CHP FOR INDUSTRY IN ITALY Q US DOE PUSHES
FOR CHP IN INDUSTRY Q TACKLING THE ENERGY TRILEMMA Q TRIGENERATION WITH ROLLS-ROYCE ENGINES Q ORC TECHNOLOGY WITH BIOMASS
In Association With
WORLD ALLIANCE FOR DECENTRALIZED ENERGY
Contents | Zoom in | Zoom out For navigation instructions please click here Search Issue | Next Page
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Contents Volume 11 Number 5

16
Perspective
& OnSite Power Production

w w w. c o s p p . c o m
South Korea targets

CHP expansion with
district energy
16 Time to encourage a bottom-up EU energy policy based on
territorial cohesion
District energy and CHP should be on the agenda of any city authority seeking to improve
energy efficiency and sustainability within its community. Indeed, an association of
municipal authorities across Europe, Energy Cities, is already co-ordinating much work in
this area.
By Grard Magnin
Features
A BOTTOM-UP EUROPEAN ENERGY POLICY Q PLANT PERFORMANCE MONITORING Q ENGINE-BASED CHP FOR INDUSTRY IN ITALY Q US DOE PUSHES
22 Performance monitoring to increase power plant efficiency

FOR CHP IN INDUSTRY Q TACKLING THE ENERGY TRILEMMA Q TRIGENERATION WITH ROLLS-ROYCE ENGINES Q ORC TECHNOLOGY WITH BIOMASS
In Association With
WORLD ALLIANCE FOR DECENTRALIZED ENERGY
By introducing performance monitoring of its critical assets, the 150 MW combined cycle
Centro Energia cogeneration plant in Teverola, Italy, has managed to achieve an overall
Cover photograph: The 43 MWe
efficiency improvement of more than 1%.
Suwon CHP plant started up in
December 1997 and is one of
several large-scale plants that By Vincenzo Piscitelli
30 South Korea targets CHP expansion

serve extensive district heating
schemes in the Republic of Korea. CHP is firmly embedded in the energy systems of the Republic of Korea, mainly due to its
The country now plans to expand
role alongside the countrys extensive district heating systems. Now, Korea has ambitious
the use of both technologies. See
the feature article on page 30. plans for expansion of both technologies and is working on district cooling technologies.
Photo: Korea District Heating
Company By David Hayes
47 Introducing US industry to CHP

US industry is being encouraged to adopt energy efficiency measures and, where
appropriate, CHP by the Industrial Technologies Program of the Department of Energy. The
programme is partly delivered through eight regional organizations.
By Bob Gemmer, Ted Bronson, John Cuttica and Tommi Makila
52 Tackling the energy trilemma

The concept of integrated energy could provide the key for tackling the three leading
preoccupations for energy policymakers in the UK protecting the environment, securing
security of supply, and safeguarding affordability for end-users
By Tom Fern
2 Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September - October 2010 www.cospp.com
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www.cospp.com
ISSN 14690349
41 Editor:
Production Editor:
Sales Managers:
Steve Hodgson
Piers Evans
Natasha Cole
Tom Marler
Group Publisher: Ralph Boon
Senior Editor: Heather Johnstone
Design: Michael Wickers
Consulting Editor: David Sweet
WADE Editorial Board:
Jessica Bridges
(US Clean Heat & Power Association, USA)
Jorge A. Hernndez Soulayrac

(Iberomericana University, Mexico)
56
Jacob Klimstra
Fiona Riddoch (COGEN Europe)
Advertising: Please contact Natasha Cole

on +1 713 621 9720 or Tom Marler
on +44 1992 656 608,
or cospp@pennwell.com
Editorial/News contact:
58 Applying ORC technology with biomass

Organic Rankine Cycle technology can be used to generate heat and power from renewable
sources and over the last 10 years it has proven its value for small, decentralized biomass CHP
Steve Hodgson, e-mail:
cospp@pennwell.com
Published by PennWell International

plants Publications Ltd, The Water Tower,
By Ilaria Peretti Gunpowder Mill, Powdermill Lane,
Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1BN, UK
Tel: +44 1992 656 600
Fax: +44 1992 656 700
e-mail: cospp@pennwell.com
Web: www.cospp.com
Project Profiles Regulars Published in association with the World
Alliance for Decentralized Energy (WADE)
4 Editors letter
41 Engine-based CHP for industrial
sites in Italy
CHP installations at two industrial sites at
opposite ends of Italy are using Wrtsil 6 Comment
2010 PennWell International Publications Ltd. All rights reserved.
internal combustion engines to generate No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or
by any means, whether electronic, mechanical or otherwise
power and heat with high efficiency and low including photocopying, recording or any information storage or
emissions.
By Marco Golinelli
9 News
retrieval system without the prior written consent of the Publishers.
While every attempt is made to ensure the accuracy of the
information contained in this magazine, neither the Publishers,
Editors nor the authors accept any liability for errors or omissions.
Opinions expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of
the Publishers or Editor.
56 Trigeneration in fibre making

with Rolls-Royce engines
The synthetic textile manufacturer Inquitex in
63 WADE pages Subscriptions: Copies of the magazine are circulated free to
qualified professionals who complete one of the printed
circulation forms included in the magazine. Extra copies of these
forms may be obtained from the publishers. The magazine may
Spains Basque region relies on a pair of Rolls- also be obtained on subscription; the price for one year (six
Royce engines to supply its entire needs in 67 Diary

issues) is US$130 in Europe, US$150 elsewhere, including air mail
postage. Digital copies are available at US$59. To start a
subscription call Omeda Communications at +1 847 559 7330.
electricity, heat, hot water, cooling and steam. Cogeneration and On-Site Power Production is published six
times a year by Pennwell Corp., The Water Tower, Gunpowder
Mill, Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1BN, UK, and
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Editors Letter
The growing importance

of renewable fuels for decentralized energy
T
he news pages in this issue highlight the growing importance of renewable fuels in the CHP
and distributed energy sector. Biogases produced in wastewater treatment plants are the
classic renewable CHP fuel, where heat generated at the CHP plant serves to increase the
supply of biogas fuel. But this model can also be extended to biogases produced from
agricultural and food processing waste products as news stories from Ukraine and the US illustrate.
We also include an account from Germany where solid wood-waste biomass fuels a CHP plant;
the heat from which helps to condition wood pellets being manufactured at an adjacent plant a
similarly elegant solution.
How about solar CHP? Another news story reports field trials of a domestic-scale Stirling engine
CHP plant that uses only solar energy as its fuel. On-site wind power? No heat involved here, but
Steve Hodgson
Editor, COSPP we have been reporting on the COSPP website the installation of wind turbines or small arrays of
turbines that feed power for use at the sites at which they are located, rather than to the power grid.
Natural gas will be the dominant fuel, particularly for larger-scale CHP schemes, for many years
to come; but theres no ignoring the impact of renewables here, as well as in the grid power world.
This issue of COSPP includes two particular features that take a thoughtful overview of the future.
On page 16, Grard Magnin of the association of municipal authorities, Energy Cities, discusses the
key roles that CHP and district energy must play in any new policy for energy for cities in Europe. His
proposal for a new, bottom-up (decentralized) approach insists that only with the building of district
heating and cooling networks can city authorities make real progress towards meeting ambitious
local energy use and carbon emissions targets. How else could locally occurring thermal energy
resources be utilized?
On page 52,Tom Fern of the UK CHP Association explores a similar area by introducing what he
calls energy integration as a method of addressing what he terms the UK energy trilemma how to
square the circle of environmental imperatives with energy security and affordability. Green, plentiful
and cheap, all at the same time. Energy integration will, says Fern, involve bringing together energy
users and local energy generation, CHP and district energy systems, waste heat from industrial
process and a local heat load, energy supply and storage.
Elsewhere, three feature articles in this issue together take a hard look at the operational
experience of gas turbine and engine-based cogeneration systems serving industrial sites in Italy
and Spain, and how plant performance monitoring can maximize operational efficiency. Industrial
managers in the US are being encouraged by the US Department of Energy to adopt CHP too as
we report on page 47.
Last, COSPP has been to the Republic of Korea to see plans for the expansion of both CHP
and district heating there, and proposals to extend district cooling technology from commercial
buildings to homes.
Steve Hodgson
Editor, COSPP
PS. Please do visit www.cospp.com to see regular news updates on cogeneration and decentralized
energy from around the world, together with the current issue of the magazine in full and an archive of
articles from previous issues. You can use the same website address to subscribe to the magazine and to
sign-up for our monthly COSPP e-newsletter.
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Comment
Think smaller,
and close to home
O
n the 40th anniversary well as oil spills in Alaska and now In an unrelated development,
of Earth Day, 20 April the Gulf have come as the result a major global supplier recently
2010, a day intended of our quest for big fuel reserves announced an export ban for a
to celebrate and and energy production. critical commodity which is likely
educate about environmental While the legal finger-pointing to trigger huge price increases
protection, the Deepwater Horizon and manoeuvring is well under and hamper growth in already
rig in the Gulf of Mexico exploded way regarding causation and fragile economies.
in 1,500 metres of water 66 km off liability (criminal as well as civil) The commodity is not oil
the Louisiana coast. and government reaction in terms but wheat, and the ban was
For the next 87 days until 15 July, of a temporary deepwater drilling announced by Russia as a result
David Sweet
when the well was finally capped, moratorium (which the courts did of a severe drought, bringing
the world witnessed a series of not quite agree with) has been scorching temperatures and
failed attempts to stem the flow swift these short-term actions wildfires that have destroyed
or prevent what many, including are really no more than blips on about 20% of Russias crop, forcing
President Obama, have called the the timeline. the country to draw upon its
worst environmental disaster in the In fact, while reactive, knee- emergency reserves.
history of the US. jerk policies are predictable, The linkage between our
inefficient use of fossil fuels,
Our best efforts and intentions evidence of severe climate

change around the world, and
notwithstanding, the next an impact on our food and water
environmental catastrophe is just supplies cannot be ignored.

While it is often necessary to
around the corner think big in terms of food and
infrastructure, there is a danger
While pictures of oil-soaked birds they are clearly not the optimal in not thinking locally and small
are always guaranteed to create way to move forward with a as well.
immediate outrage, nobody really comprehensive strategy that Local power and locally
knows the long term impact of rewards the most efficient use of produced food can play a
pumping 5 million barrels of oil and our scarce resources. critical role in establishing a more
2 million gallons of dispersants into Drilling at the pressures found sustainable framework for global
the Gulf. in 1,500 metres of water is risky development. Our best efforts and
And whether this proves to business. And while we can drill intentions notwithstanding, the
be the United States worst-ever wells now with a greatly reduced next environmental catastrophe
environmental catastrophe, or just environmental footprint, and also and climate-driven food or water
ranks in the top five, this is really learn from the mistakes that we crisis is just around the corner.
saying something, given all of the have made, the risk never goes Perhaps it is time to start thinking
ways we have screwed up our close to zero. smaller and closer to home.
air, water, soil and environment in Since the partial meltdown at
recent history. Three Mile Island in 1979, not a
The unfortunate truth is single nuclear plant has been
that far too many of our major built in the United States. Whether
environmental catastrophes such the Deepwater Horizon incident
as the nuclear accident at Three is to become the Three Mile David Sweet
Mile Island and coal ash spills in Island of the oil industry is yet to Executive Director, WADE
Tennessee and West Virginia, as be determined. dsweet@localpower.org
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News
Send your news to Cogeneration and On-Site Power Production:

News
48 MW CHP PLANT DEBUTS AT TEXAS MEDICAL CENTER Biomass
The International District average. The good news is that sterilization, kitchen and CHP plant
energy Association (IDEA) has during that period of peak de- laundry processes, and
fuels pellet
welcomed the inauguration of mand, TECO didnt have to buy domestic hot water use. The
Thermal Energy Corporations any power from the grid. So CHP plant will operate at 80% production
(TECO) new CHP plant that we avoided the extreme price efficiency, cutting carbon
serves institutions at the Texas peaks all because our new dioxide emissions by more RWE Innogy and German
Medical Center, in Houston, CHP plant is now on line. than 305,000 tons per year. Pellets have inaugurated
Texas, US. The new 48 MW Burns & McDonnell, which TECOs new CHP plant dem- RWE's biomass-fuelled
CHP plant enables TECO provided design-build services onstrates the immediate poten- cogeneration station and
an IDEA member to meet for the project, and GE Power & tial that CHP holds, not just for an adjacent pellet plant
the heating and cooling Water, which supplied the CHP the Texas Medical Center, but at Wittgenstein industrial
needs of its mission-critical plants LM6000 PD Sprint gas for the rest of the nation, says estate in North Rhine-
customers without tapping the turbine, also are IDEA members. Robert Thornton, president and Westphalia in Germany.
electricity grid. Electricity and waste heat from CEO of the International District The biomass-fuelled
On 23 August, demand on TECOs new plant will be used Energy Association. Clearly, cogeneration station has
the Texas electric grid hit nearly to produce steam and chilled the $10 million that the US De- fed electricity into the grid
66 GW, an all-time record, says water, which will be piped partment of Energy allocated since early 2010, and,
TECO President and CEO Ste- underground through TECOs to TECOs $370 million district since the start of pellet
phen K Swinson. The result was district cooling and heating energy/CHP project was an ex- production, both plants
that electricity prices soared to network to customer buildings cellent investment, helping to have been operating in
approximately $2,200 per MWh, for air conditioning, space generate more than 400 jobs in combination. In this mode,
compared to the $50 per MWh heating, dehumidification, the process. the cogeneration station
supplies the heat required
for the production of the
pellets. The CHP station has
US wastewater site to use biogas fuel cell CHP a thermal capacity of
30 MW and an electrical
FuelCell Energy (FCE) has produced at the plant in The power plant will help output of 5 MW.
announced the sale of an anaerobic digester, as the EMWD meet the stringent The combined
two 300 kW DFC300 fuel fuel for the electrochemical emission regulations production of heat and
cell power plants to the reaction within the fuel cell issued by the South Coast power results in a relatively
Eastern Municipal Water that generates electricity Air Quality Management high energy efficiency
District (EMWD) in southern efficiently and cleanly. District (SCAQMD), of up to 70%. The pellet
California, for installation at Efficiency will be which is the air pollution plant has a production
the Perris Valley Regional enhanced by supplying the control agency with local capacity of 120,000
Water Reclamation Facility in by-product heat from the jurisdiction. SCAQMD reports tonnes of quality pellets
Riverside County, California. fuel cell to the anaerobic that its region, including per year. Approximately
The units will be fuelled by digester, supplementing Orange County and the 220,000 tonnes of round
renewable biogas and the a gas-fired boiler. The urban portions of Los wood residuals and
plants are expected to be efficiency of fuel cells Angeles, Riverside and San sawmill wood leftovers
operational by mid 2011. can exceed 80% when Bernardino counties, is the from the region are used
The fuel cell power by-product heat is being smoggiest region of the as feedstock.
plants will utilize methane, utilized, says FCE. United States.
www.cospp.com Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September - October 2010 9
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News
BIOGAS ENGINE POWERS UKRAINIAN MILK COMPANYS BABY MILK PLANT

Powered by manure from 4,000 cows produces milk for baby nutrition the equivalent of 1.2 million m 3
and a GE Jenbacher gas engine, the products, received the licence for of natural gas annually.
first biogas cogeneration plant in the selling power to the grid based The installation is projected to
Ukraine has completed nine months of on the green tariff, which is in the prevent the emission of 18,000 tonnes
successful operation at the Ukrainian process of being approved by of carbon dioxide over the same
Milk Company, located near Kiev. Ukraine authorities. period. Once converted into biogas,
The excess power produced at The CHP plant is powered by a GE JMC the manure from the cows produces
the plant is being sold to the grid. 312 containerized cogeneration model 625 kW of electricity and 686 kW of
The Ukrainian Milk Company, which gas engine and is able to substitute heat energy.
TOGNUM TO SUPPLY CHP UNITS TO

FRENCH CAR MAKERS
The Tognum Group has won control system. The CHP plant
two orders for the supply of destined for the Peugeot
gas engine-based CHP plants factory in Mlhausen will be
to industrial customers in capable of generating more
France. Car manufacturers than 12 MW of thermal and up
Peugeot and Smart are to use to 11 MW of electrical power.
the CHP plants in their factories The plant for the Smart factory
in Mlhausen and Hambach in Hambach will provide over
in the French region of Alsace. 3 MW of thermal and 3 MW of
The orders cover a total electrical power.
of nine cogeneration power The orders count among
plants carrying the Tognum the largest ever received
brand MTU Onsite Energy in the 32-year history of the
and were placed by SDMO, Tognum production site. The
the French power plant supply scope also includes
manufacturer based in Brest. maintenance services such
The gensets, which will as the provision of spare
be built at Tognums site in parts and on-call technical
Augsburg, each consist of support for the user. The total
an MTU gas engine Type 16V order volume is worth over
4000 L62, a generator, and a 2.5 million ($3.2 million).
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News
SHALE GAS TO FUEL ON-SITE PLANT TURBINE CHP INSTALLATION UNDER

FOR CANADIAN GAS PROCESSOR WAY AT NEW JERSEY HOSPITAL
Wrtsil has been awarded one of the most prolific Work is underway on a thermal energy storage
the contract to supply shale gas deposits in North the NRG Energy Center system. The centre will
the power generating America. The power plant Princeton, which will also include solar power
equipment and associated will run on the natural gas provide heating, cooling generation and energy-
engineering for the Cabin processed by this natural and electricity to the new saving smart meters.
Gas Plant Power Generation gas processing plant. University Medical Center Recent work has included
Project in British Columbia, There currently is no of Princeton at Plainsboro, installing two of the chillers,
in Canada. electrical grid to provide New Jersey, in the main electrical equipment,
The firm will supply three electricity in this area of United States. and the chilled water
Wrtsil 20V34SG gas British Columbia, which The 237-single patient piping inside the energy
engine generator sets makes on-site generation room, acute care hospital centre, and installing the
running on natural gas, a necessity. is under construction and outside cooling tower.
producing a combined Wrtsil says its is expected to open at the Work is currently
output of over 26 MW. technology provides high end of 2011. continuing at a rapid pace
The plant will provide reliability because of the To be based on a gas in order to get the first
electricity to a natural multiple units and its proven turbine, the CHP system chiller operational during
gas processing plant technology. Other benefits includes the production September so that the
producing pipeline quality include the excellent heat of steam for heating project can keep on track
gas from shale formations rate and lack of process and chilled water for air with the hospitals overall
in the Horn River Basin, water consumption. conditioning, achieved by construction schedule.
CHP Unit Manufacturing
Sound Enclosure version for Built-in installations Container version for External installations
Units equipped with original TEDOM Engines

www.tedom.eu Fuels Used: natural gas, biogas, landll gas, gas from water treatment plants, mine gas
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News
Biogas fuel cell CHP for poultry FUEL CELL CHP UNITS FOR LEADING
US NAVY SUBMARINE BASE
ranch in California
The US Naval Submarine The by-product heat
FuelCell Energy has announced the sale of a 1.4 MW DFC1500 Base New London, located from the fuel cell energy
in Groton, Connecticut, conversion process will
fuel cell power plant to G3 Power Systems for installation at
in the United States, is to be utilized for pre -heating
the Olivera Egg Ranch, a poultry ranch located in French have two 30 0 kW DFC30 0 water used in the boiler at
Camp, California, US. fuel cell power plants from the existing plant, therefore
The fuel cell system will utilize renewable biogas for fuel, FuelCell Energy installed to reducing fuel costs.
provide reliable base -load FuelCell Energys
converting what is currently a waste problem for Olivera Egg
electricity and heat energy partner, LOGANEnergy,
Ranch into electricity and heat. FuelCell Energy will service to the base. will purchase, install and
the power plant under a five year service agreement. The two fuel cell power operate the fuel cell power
plants will be installed plants, subcontracting
The power generated by the fuel cell power plant will be
adjacent to the existing maintenance ser vices to
adequate to meet approximately all of the power needs of energy plant on the FuelCell Energy under a
the Olivera Egg Ranch facilities. The by-product heat from base, which is the United three year ser vice contract.
States Nav ys primar y The ef ficiency of fuel
the fuel cell energy conversion process will be directed to
submarine base and cells is almost 80% when
the anaerobic digester to help produce biogas. The power sometimes referred to as the by-product heat from
plant is expected to be operational by mid 2011. the submarine capital of the energy conversion
the world. process is utilized.
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News
COOL ENERGY CARRIES OUT FIELD NUON TO BUILD GAS-FIRED CHP

TESTS FOR SOLAR CHP SYSTEM PLANT AND HEAT PIPE
US-based developer of The systems novel features
clean heat and power include energy storage Europes Nuon, part of the Vattenfall Group, has decided
generating systems Cool and a control system that to invest in a new gas fired power plant to be built at the
Energy has announced that maximizes customer value companys existing site in Diemen, The Netherlands. The
Minneapolis-based utility by apportioning the systems company will also lay a heat transportation pipeline from
Xcel Energy will be providing energy output between heat Diemen to Almere so that the residual heat can be used
research and analytical and electricity depending to heat homes. Combining the highest feasible output of
support for the first planned on the season and weather the gas-fired plant with large-scale supplying of heat to
pilot field installation of conditions (both current and Amsterdam and Almere will enable an overall efficiency
the Stirling engine-based forecasted). of 85% to be achieved.
SolarFlow solar-CHP system. Central to the system The new plant will more than double Nuons electricity
The installation is to take is Cool Energys low- and heat-generating capacity in Diemen and, via
place in a commercial temperature SolarHeart the pipeline, help meet the growing demand for heat
building located in the city of engine, a specialized Stirling in Almere.
Boulder in Colorado. engine-powered electricity The new CHP plant will be built alongside the existing
The SolarFlow CHP generator that the system plant in Diemen. It is to be built by Siemens and is
generation system uses solar activates whenever the designed to achieve the highest possible efficiency.
energy as its only input fuel electricity produced is With electricity generating capacity of 435 MW and heat
and is sized for residential and more valuable than the generation capacity of 260MW, the new plant will be
small commercial buildings. heat consumed. able to supply some 750,000 households with electricity.
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News
GLOBAL MICRO-CHP CAPACITY

RISES DESPITE A SLIDE IN SALES
Sales of micro- CHP devices fell to 21,000 units in 2009, but in
terms of power generation capacity the market grew to 38
MWe. The 2009 market was worth some 270 million ($340
million) according to the annual review of the micro- CHP
market published by Delta Energy & Environment.
Japan is still the only market where products suitable
for single family homes are widely available, although a
The Ecowill unit from Honda
product has now been launched in the northeast of the US.
In Europe, activity focused on 5 kWe
products, suited to small businesses
and multi-family homes.
Sales of the Honda internal
combustion engine-based Ecowill
shrank in Japan with the downturn
and growth in all-electric homes. But
the Honda engine is at the heart of the
FreeWatt unit now available in the US,
and a system being trialled by Vaillant
in Europe for launch in 2011.
Meanwhile, says Delta, the
commercial launch of proton
exchange membrane (PEM) fuel
cell micro-CHP systems took place in
Japan over 5,200 systems were sold,
also reducing Hondas Ecowill sales.
Despite a fall in Hondas sales in
Japan, global micro-CHP capacity
and market value both grew, largely
due to an excellent year for larger
5 kWe internal combustion engine
systems from SenerTec (owned by Baxi)
and PowerPlus Technologies (owned
by Vaillant) in Germany.
Residential-scale micro-CHP When high performance is part of your
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commercial reality in 2010, led by
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Japan will continue to lead on fuel
help improve your machinerys performance.
cell micro- CHP sales and development,
says Delta, while Hexis and Baxi are at
the forefront in Europe, each trialling
tens of systems, nearly all in Germany.
Deltas Micro-CHP Annual
Roundup 2009 and Outlook Report
is available for subscribers at
www.delta-ee.com. Ph: +1 215-824-4000 www.kingsbury.com
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Perspective
Time to
encourage
a bottom-up EU energy policy based
on territorial cohesion District energy and CHP should be on the agenda
of any city authority seeking to improve energy
efficiency and sustainability within its community.
Indeed, an association of municipal authorities
across Europe, Energy Cities, is already
co-ordinating much work in this area, writes
Grard Magnin.
Helsinki a member of Energy Cities since 1996
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E
nergy is a newcomer of local authorities, industry
to the Lisbon EU representatives, associations
Treaty. But it is not and interested stakeholders
the only one; it is to promote a renewed EU
accompanied by territorial energy policy.
cohesion, which now
completes the economic EUROPEAN ENERGY POLICY
and social cohesion from the IN A NUTSHELL
earlier treaties. Energy and The European discourse
territorial cohesion have to on energy policy has two
do something together. dimensions that are used
In addition to the traditional alternatively depending
EU energy policy, mainly on the public concerned, Grard Magnin
driven by the supply side a dichotomy that tends to
that remains far from citizens sow confusion. energy efficiency and energy
concerns, a new paradigm is On the one hand, there is savings, decentralized
emerging. It is consistent with a discourse essentially based generation, especially of
the trend at work in our early on a centralized supply- electricity (CHP, photovoltaic
21st century societies: the side approach, involving solar etc.), smart grids
quest for greater autonomy. major energy operators, the making the injection of
It comes from cities, towns internal electricity and gas locally produced electricity
and villages that are market, large intra-European into the grid easier, as well
happily mixing sustainable networks, proposed carbon as smart meters to facilitate
energy and territorial capture and storage (CCS) peak management and
cohesion; thus showing the installations, etc. This is where provide information to final
way towards successfully gas, coal and electricity are consumers to manage their
achieving EU energy and discussed, within the limits energy consumption.
climate objectives. of what member states are This dimension receives
With nearly 2000 cities ready to accept. more media coverage but
involved mid-2010, the This discourse claims has far less influence, despite
Covenant of Mayors1 is an to meet the challenges the increased attention it
unprecedented movement raised by energy security is getting due to climate
in Europe that gives the local and competitiveness, a objectives. For any big
dimension utmost relevance. dimension which receives institution, it has the main
Cities are indeed committed low media attention but disadvantage of involving
to going beyond the Energy & plays a fundamental role a very large number of
Climate Package objectives in structuring the European scattered players and
in their territories and policy (whilst mobilizing most strongly interacts with society
therefore to implementing of DG ENER and national as a whole, which makes
policies inspired by the most ministries staff). It has the policy making more difficult.
advanced examples. We are advantage of concerning This explains why energy
faced with the challenge of a rather limited number of efficiency is generally
creating a low-energy city specialized decision makers, addressed, and then side-
with a high quality of life for which facilitates discussions. stepped thus:
all and an energy supply These decision makers
predominantly based on are extremely powerful, 1. This is the option with the
renewable energy. and despite a few words best cost-benefit ratio;
All energy policy decisions of sympathy they consider 2. It is very complicated;
should boost innovation, the second dimension (see 3. We continue as before.
business opportunities, below) as just an accessory
employment and fight or barely tolerable. The If energy efficiency policies
poverty. Far from being a underlying financial interests have been a failure so far,
constraint, sustainability are huge. Such a dimension it is mainly due to the fact
should be seen as a new does not involve society as that they are designed at a
economic opportunity. a whole. central level (EU plus member
Therefore, Energy Cities is On the other hand, states), whereas their
willing to form an alliance for there is also a discourse efficiency largely depends
local energy with networks on sustainable energy, on the implementation of
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strong local power and

FOCUS ON CHP AND DISTRICT HEATING responsibilities, etc.
A low energy city with a high quality course, that the performance of the These cities have been
of life for all is not just a slogan. It buildings supplied beyond the sub- the subject of enthusiastic
is the backbone of any territorial stations is taken into account, which reports in the media.
strategy aimed at optimizing the is not always the case. In any event, They are overwhelmingly
use of local energy resources, a heat, and district heating policy appreciated by their
reducing emissions, improving remains to be built in Europe if we inhabitants as well as by
the quality of urban services and want to achieve our objectives. those companies who like
comfort as well as the pleasure CHP has the highest energy to know in which direction
of living in a city, whilst creating efficiency of all energy generation their territory is developing
new jobs and reducing poverty. techniques. Its flexibility in terms and want to operate within
It is about inventing sustainable of the fuels used, the range of a framework that preserves
solutions to the crisis, based on a application size, from private houses them from unforeseen
long-term vision. to district heating networks, and market ups and downs.
Large-scale exploitation of local the fact that this local source is They are reconsidering their
thermal resources will never be generated very close to consumers mode of development on
possible without district heating. make CHP a vital pillar of energy the basis of a progressive
Whether based on biomass, supply policies in this first half of the transformation of the
geothermal energy, the energy century. It is, therefore, suitable for existing energy paradigm.
potential of the sea or lakes, waste, policies carried out by cities. But the They are implementing a
heat recovery or sewage gas, district nervousness of most member states form of bottom-up, citizen-
heating systems are the only viable towards this issue and the resulting and user-oriented energy
solution. Only cities with district low level of incentive cannot be subsidiarity which consists
heating can pride themselves on denied. Traditional logics, largely of looking for solutions as
using their thermal renewable based on macro-energetic decisions close as possible to the
energy potentials and can aim at and a centralized supply-side problems to be solved. They
significantly increasing the share of approach prevail, putting us at are mobilizing local energy
these local sources of energy. risk of never achieving our energy saving and energy efficiency
By ensuring the provision of heat efficiency targets. potentials in an integrated
and/or cooling to end-consumers, In addition to companies using way, before turning to
as well as a smart and flexible way of these technologies and their external complementary
combining local energy resources, professional associations, we need supplies in a concentric
heat networks are the living proof to build a local energy alliance manner. They are making
of this integration of demand and uniting all those who are inventing use of favourable national
supply that is presented as one of the and making a sustainable energy and European legislation.
key factors to improving our overall future possible, together with This emerging new
energy performance. Provided, of local authorities. paradigm is consistent
with the trend at work
decentralized territorial European destinations for and heat generation and in our early 21st century
policies. increasing numbers of visitors developing solar thermal societies: the quest for
keen to learn from their and PV installations. greater autonomy. These
TOWARDS A NEW EU experiences. Some cities are They are building cycling cities are happily mixing
BOTTOM-UP ENERGY POLICY aiming at zero fossil fuel, paths and tramways, sustainable energy and
Cities are inventing a new 100% renewables or want creating public spaces, territorial cohesion; thus
energy paradigm. One of the to become carbon neutral. encouraging soft modes of showing the way towards
main innovations in recent They are retrofitting existing transport, setting up new achieving the EU energy
years comes from cities buildings to significantly districts with low fossil energy and climate objectives.
which are implementing reduce their energy use, they use, reducing energy poverty How can we not see beyond
policies combining ambitious are building passive and and creating sustainable these pioneering cities a
energy and climate targets positive energy buildings, jobs; thus paving the way deeper movement able to
and improved quality of life they are using thermal for the much sought-after propose new solutions to
for their citizens. energy resources from the green growth. the EU, and that deserves
Copenhagen, Stockholm, ground and sea, as well These famous cities are to be considered as a
Vxj, Malm, Helsinki, as biomass and waste to mainly in countries where major solution, not to say
Odense, Heidelberg, feed heat networks. They national legislation facilitates the only possible solution,
Frankfurt, Munich or Freiburg are using various scales of local action: feed-in tariffs, to the problems we are
are often cited as renowned CHP to optimize electricity energy and carbon taxes, currently facing?
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Perspective
THE COVENANT OF MAYORS human activities are also ENERGY CITIES PROPOSALS in a decentralized manner.
Acting locally is all well and concerned. A challenge for Therefore, Energy-Cities has A network of local, regional
good. But realizing we are sure! Mayors are committed recently2 put three proposals and national banks to support
part of a massive movement to measuring the energy forward: sustainable energy projects in
is an irreplaceable source used in their territories, its 1. Introduce a new cities is also needed.
of encouragement. This is uses and origins, etc., as Community Instrument: 3. Initiate a public forum
precisely what the Covenant well as the corresponding URBAN Sustainable Energy on the EU Energy Strategy
of Mayors1 is aiming at in carbon dioxide emissions, Based on the successful through the prism of territorial
Europe. Such a voluntary so as to establish a baseline URBAN Community Initiative cohesion.
commitment of local decision for defining objectives and of the European Regional A public forum could be a
makers to supporting and evaluating results. Then, Development Fund, this very innovative contributor
sharing a European policy is the signatories prepare an instrument should be set up to the new Energy Strategy
probably a first in the history action plan in liaison with as a support programme 2020 to further deliver on
of the European Union. local players and citizens. for cities engaged in the [EU] objectives. Gathering
Movements on this scale These plans must be finalized Covenant of Mayors. This together a wide spectrum of
are usually set up to protest within one year of signing the new initiative could partly be EU stakeholders, institutions,
against EU policies, not to Covenant. Two years later, a fed by ETS auction sales. With city networks, Covenant of
approve them. With the first progress report is to be regards to the procedure, Mayors signatories, NGOs,
Covenant of Mayors, it is presented on the measures direct contracts between the professional associations,
quite the opposite. Mayors carried out so far. European Commission and businesses, etc., this forum
are unilaterally committing It is indeed up to the the Cities would be the most could accompany the
themselves to exceeding the European society as a whole favourable solution and they European Unions Energy
EU objectives set for 2020 to come to grips with the could be signed on the same Strategy. It could form the
by reducing carbon dioxide European objectives and basis as the Cities Sustainable basis of an alliance for local
emissions in their territories by face up to the energy and Energy Action Plans. energy that would unite
20%, reducing their energy climate constraints, now 2.Empower local authorities all stakeholders having a
use by 20% and increasing and in the future, by making with financial engineering common interest around
the share of renewable the necessary trajectory assistance to implement local authorities to promote
energy to 20% by 2020. adjustments. The time of pilot- energy efficient projects a bottom-up energy policy.
With nearly 2000 cities and actions must now be followed Access to finance, both
towns involved mid-2010, the by massive changes. public and private, relies Grard Magnin has been
Covenant of Mayors is an We all know that old on increasingly complex executive director of Energy
unprecedented movement. frameworks are still too often procedures. As a result, a Cities for nearly 15 years.
It gives the local dimension obstacles to change. Beyond substantial amount of the Email: gerard.magnin@
utmost relevance. Cities strictly local aspects, this available funding remains energy-cities.eu
are indeed committed to commitment of cities also unused, whilst expectations
going beyond the Energy & provides member states from cities for financial This article is available
Climate Package objectives and the European Union support to implement on-line. Please visit
in their territories and with a unique opportunity to sustainable energy projects www.cossp.com
therefore to implementing learn from these initiatives to remain high. Building on the
policies inspired by the achieve their objectives in success of ELENA3, it is crucial REFERENCES
examples below. terms of legislation, taxation, to create an instrument that 1 www.eumayors.eu
This does not just involve financing etc., whilst puts all local authorities and 2 www.energy-cities.eu/EU-
municipal infrastructures: encouraging the transition local banks in a position to 2020-Energy-Strategy-Energy
___________________
citizens, businesses, the towards low energy cities apply for such a financial 3 www.eib.org/products/
________________
housing sector, transport with a high quality of life engineering assistance technical_assistance/
_______________
and all economic and for all. facility on a large scale, and elena/index.htm?lang=en
__________________
ENERGY CITIES
Energy Cities (www.energy-cities.eu) is an association of municipalities that
helps cities to prepare their energy future. About 1000 European municipalities
from 30 countries are involved in its activities. It is chaired by the Municipality
of Heidelberg (DE). The board is formed of 11 municipalities from 11 countries.
The association is based in Besanon (FR) and Brussels and its staff is made
up of 20 people of seven nationalities.
Energy Cities leads the Covenant of Mayors Office (www.eumayors.eu)
together with other city and regional agency networks.
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Predictive maintenance
Performance
monitoring to increase power plant efficiency
The style of operation and maintenance of power generation and cogeneration plant is important.
Here, Vincenzo Piscitelli describes how performance monitoring of critical assets at one cogeneration
plant in Italy increased efficiency by more than 1%.
S
ince every increase production, including few years ago to aid in
in power plant equipment degradation, maintenance planning,
efficiency boosts machinery failures, and including an evaluation of
p r o d u c t i o n unexpected downtime. By the return on maintenance
incrementally, even small continually monitoring the costs. The core of this
operational improvements performance characteristics technology is a computer-
can result in significant of key assets, the causes of based thermodynamic model
profits. For example, by reduced production can be of the equipment. A stream
simply optimizing the identified very early so timely of current data from an
maintenance of inlet filters action can prevent losses operating plant is transmitted
on two gas turbines, the 150 resulting from downtime and to this computer, which
MW combined cycle Centro emergency repairs. produces useful comparisons
Energia cogeneration plant in The Centro Energia of actual performance versus
Teverola, Italy, is contributing Teverola plant, owned jointly the optimum model.
strongly to an overall by E.ON and Foster Wheeler Analysis of equipment
efficiency improvement of Italy, has two Ansaldo- performance can lead to fault
more than 1%. This is the Siemens gas turbines, two detection and rectification,
story of how that feat was Foster Wheeler heat recovery improved maintenance
accomplished. steam generators, and one cycles, and process gains.
Even in plants like Centro Ansaldo steam turbine. Predictive decision making
Energia Teverola, where Our mission is to achieve based on the derived
there is a strong commitment maximum efficiency through performance and economic
to operating efficiently, the extreme conversion data removes guesswork
unseen performance issues of heat, and plant from maintenance planning
are constantly evolving to management is committed and execution, saving
undermine the conscientious to pursuing any potential countless hours.
efforts of smart, proactive efficiency improvement that To initiate the trial
personnel. By recognizing might increase profitability. of this technology,
this fact and being willing Emerson engineers built a
to change established MONITORING thermodynamic model of
maintenance practices PERFORMANCE the two gas turbines using
and accept promising In that regard, a six-month original design data and
new technologies, one trial of Emersons AMS Suite: specifications. They compiled
can mitigate the negative Equipment Performance such information as power
factors that reduce power Monitor was initiated a consumption, throughput,
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determine corrective actions

to optimize each machines
performance, extending
availability and improving
power production.
The monitoring is
continuous, so further
analyses reveal the effect
of changes, allowing for
still more improvements
and the adoption of best
maintenance practices.
INLET FILTER FOULING

The total investment in time by
Centro Energia staff to get the
performance monitoring trial
up and running after the kick-
off meeting was just one day.
Soon, the thermodynamic
models were built and
ready. Almost immediately
thereafter, Emerson analysts
noticed a severe pressure
drop in the air flow into one
Figure 1. An indication of inlet filter fouling turbine an indication of inlet
filter fouling; see Figure 1.
pressure ratios, etc. at various Plant personnel were
points to reflect the operation impressed by this catch
of new equipment under all as they knew the filters
possible load conditions. were prone to fouling,
Since the software is web- often requiring unplanned
based, operating data can downtime for replacement.
Underpressure Filters t Th
Mee pean
e be transmitted from anywhere The AMS Performance Monitor
r o to the central file server with application calculated the
for Oil Mist Removal E u
issio
Em a r d s
n
From blowby air/gas from crankcases Stan

d the thermodynamic models. cost of the resulting reduction
(open & closed crankcase ventilation) No additional hardware in turbine performance,
is required on-site, so the which can vary with loading.
With our solution you achieve the outstanding
separation degree of 99.7% at 0.3 m by system was implemented This enabled maintenance
pressure lost of only 5 mbar very quickly once the model supervisors to determine
and return the oil-free blowby air/gas to the motor air inlet was configured. Following when to replace the blocked
save money through longer maintenance intervals of the turbocharger established guidelines, plant filter at the lowest cost.

increase the lifetime of the turbocharger personnel collect operating An unexpected benefit was
reach an exact regulation for the crankcase pressure within 0/-3 mbar data periodically and transmit a reduction in the average
it to the central server, where time required to change a
software detects and corrects filter from seven to two hours.
measurement errors. The Our technicians now know
result was an accurate portrait exactly what is causing the
of the current performance of performance issue, and
the monitored equipment for replacement filters are ready
analysis by Emerson experts. when they begin the repair
Their subsequent reports, procedure.
Filter on a 700 KW Ventilation & ltration from which highlight existing In another case, the
cogeneration unit gasmotor crankcase (blowby)
or potential problems performance monitor
along with suggestions for application revealed lagging
UT 99 AG Environmental Technology 8450 Andelfingen Switzerland
Phone: +41 52 397 11 99 Fax: +41 52 397 11 90 recovering efficiency, are compressor efficiency, and
E-Mail: info@ut99.ch _______
www: ut99.ch returned via the Internet. the analysts suggested
We use this intelligence to washing was needed. The
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We ar
e boo
Turbo th #20
mach 9 at th
Oct 4 inery e
, 2010 Symp
to Oc osium
Advanced Technology Gas Turbine Rotor Final Inspection. t 7, 20
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Fax: +1 713 567 2830
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Repairs are backed by over 30 years of experience.
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early warning let supervisors

choose between online and
offline washing. After the
maintenance procedure,
operating efficiency was
recovered and availability
increased see Figure 2.
Following the success of the
six month trial, performance
monitoring was expanded to
include the two heat recovery
steam generators and the
steam turbine. The historical
trend line shown in Figure 3
highlights the true potential
efficiency improvement
possible with this technology.
TWO YEAR
PAYBACK PERIOD
With the AMS Performance
Monitor, the return on
investment (ROI) is very fast;
a single filter change paid
for this service for two years.
This technology has enabled Figure 2. Monitoring compressor efficiency
us to assess the effectiveness
and economic value of
our maintenance activities,
With the AMS Performance Monitor, the return on
allowing us to determine, in investment (ROI) is very fast; a single filter change
a strategic and effective way,
when maintenance work
paid for this service for two years.
should be done to improve
equipment performance. We
have been able to forecast
major events, focusing on
results-based work.
This combination of
software and analytical
service has let Centro
Energia Teverola optimize
maintenance strategy,
enabling an overall efficiency
improvement of over 1%.
Without question, this is the
best efficiency application in
Italy. Proactivity is the secret to
achieving maximum results.
Vincenzo Piscitelli is
general manager, Centro
Energia Teverola.
Email: vincenzo.piscitelli@
centroenergia.it.
This article is available

on-line. Please visit
www.cospp.com
Figure 3. Thermal efficiency deviation
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Diagnostic technologies maintenance, which can be planned in advance to

best fit the overall maintenance schedule.
Effective predictive maintenance requires accurate
One of the most effective ways for cogeneration
operating information gathered from various sources,
plants to achieve peak operating performance
so plant personnel can determine when critical
and to reduce unwanted downtime is to employ
production equipment must receive maintenance in
predictive maintenance based on advanced
order to avoid problems.
diagnostic technologies.
Such information has been difficult to obtain in the
Diagnostic information can be obtained from smart
past because condition reports generally depended
field instrumentation and digital valve controllers,
on human inputs, which were inconsistent at best and
by monitoring mechanical equipment for changes in
inaccurate at worst. Todays predictive maintenance
vibration levels, and through analysis of lubricating
programmes rely largely on intelligence delivered to
fluids. These and other advanced technologies aid
asset management software by advanced monitoring
plant personnel by providing indications of trouble
and analysis technologies. These systems are capable
long before commonly recognized symptoms appear
of raising alarms if components suddenly develop
which may occur too late to avoid unexpected failures
symptoms of impending failure, so immediate
and costly downtime.
corrective action can be taken.
Companies applying predictive technology
Accurate diagnostic information is gathered from
to safeguard the health of important production
smart field devices and valve controllers as well as
equipment are seeing plant productivity improve while
vibration monitors on pumps, motors, fans, turbines,
costs go down. For example, the Gainesville Regional
compressors, heat exchangers, etc.
Utility in Florida experienced a 50% reduction in time
Plant personnel can then accurately determine how
spent troubleshooting suspected valve problems, and
long repairs can be delayed until the most appropriate
faster fixes resulted in productivity increases.
time. Actions based on such predictions increase
equipment reliability, and costly interruptions are
Predictive maintenance reduced significantly.
Interestingly, predictive maintenance is less
expensive than preventive maintenance where
Under the concept of predictive maintenance, critical technicians often waste time on tasks that are
production assets whose failure could cause an unnecessary and have little bearing on keeping
unexpected plant shutdown receive priority attention productivity high. The most expensive option of all
by maintenance personnel in order to prevent a failure. is reactive maintenance, under which personnel
Pieces of equipment that wont adversely influence wait for disaster to strike before going going into
plant operations in the event of failure receive limited emergency mode.
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Device management
Using intelligent field devices in cogeneration plants
goes well beyond basic measurement and control
functionality. These instruments, with their embedded
microprocessor chips, generate a vast amount
of information about their own condition and the
condition of equipment on which they are mounted.
That data can be accessed from the control system
communications and processed with Emersons AMS

Suite predictive maintenance software. Detailed
information on every instrument on the control

network is maintained in a database for use in
routine maintenance tasks such as loop checkout,
configuration, calibration, troubleshooting, and
accurate documentation of maintenance activities.
The Gainesville Regional Utility is saving more than
600 hours of technician time per year in configuration
and calibration of about 150 field devices. The
ongoing savings possible through the application of
field-based data, are reported to be as much as $997
per device per year.

Health management
The operating condition of critically important
rotating machinery can be monitored continuously
using permanently installed sensors that make it =2.LVDZRUOGOHDGHU
possible to communicate vibration information
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continuously. Vibration levels of support machinery UHVSRQVLEOHFOHDQLQJ
can also be measured periodically in the field by !"# $
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plant personnel using portable equipment. In both %& ' ( $ WXUELQHFRPSUHVVRUV
cases, the data are processed by machinery health "
management software, providing in-plant vibration )RUDOPRVW\HDUV
analysts with a complete picture of the operating !"# $) =2.KDVEHHQ
condition of their machinery. The ability to overlay ) $* PDQXIDFWXULQJDQG
frequencies, and match fault frequencies to peaks GLVWULEXWLQJZDWHU
allows trained personnel to efficiently analyze the
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South Korea targets CHP
expansion
CHP is firmly embedded in the Republic of Korea, mainly due to its role alongside
the countrys extensive district heating systems.The country now has ambitious
plans for the expansion of both technologies and is working on district cooling
technologies too, writes David Hayes following a recent visit.
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G
overnment high rise apartments, and of Korea District Heating per year over the same
plans call for government support for Corporations (KDHC) period. Industry accounts
the number CHP through its planning global business team, Most for almost half of electricity
of district policy and tax incentives. of the new users will live in demand, while residential
heating users to increase The population of 49 million the Seoul-Incheon area as use represents a further
by one third over the next consists of 14.4 million the climate is colder there 24%. With industrial use of
four years as part of wider households, of which and the population density electricity expected to grow
efforts to increase clean 1.87 million households, is high. more slowly in future, the
energy consumption at a or 13% of the total, use residential and commercial
time of rising energy costs, district heating. GROWING ENERGY sectors are expected to
without slowing down Government plans call for DEMAND account for most new
economic growth. another 670,000 households South Koreas rapid electricity demand, with
The governments target to use district heating development as a major CHP district heating having
will also help boost the use by 2013 to meet stricter economic and industrial a potentially important role
of renewable energy in environmental targets. The power has resulted in a to play.
South Korea, as all district number of households using surge in energy demand. South Koreas electricity
heating companies building district heating will grow As the country lacks industry is dominated by
new CHP units are required by 36%, with almost one any significant indigenous coal fired generation and
to build renewable energy in six households planned energy resources of its own, nuclear energy which,
projects whether or not they to use district heating by South Korea relies on imports according to KEEI, together
are connected to those the end of the current CHP for 96.6% of its energy needs. accounted for more than
district heating projects. development phase. According to Korea Energy 70% of the total 403 TWh
South Koreas district The governments plan is Economic Institute (KEEI), generated in 2008.
heating market has to extend district heating to primary energy demand Liquefied natural gas
expanded steadily during 2.54 million households, so will grow at an annual (LNG) accounts for a further
the past decade, due to it is a big increase in three rate of 2.7% until 2020, 20% of power generation
the increase in the number years, commented Chul while electricity demand while CHP accounts for 8%,
of nuclear families living in Jong Yoo, senior manager growth is projected at 2.5% most of which is based on
Headquarters building of the Korea District Heating Company
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The 43 MWe Suwon CHP plant started up in December 1997
district heating applications. Stock Exchange as part from assets worth $2.6 billion KDHCs largest shareholder
The government plans to of efforts to raise funds for in 2009 and a net income following the listing, owning
increase the share of nuclear future expansion. of $132 million for the year. a 34.5% stake, while state-
power in the countrys KDHC is South Koreas The company sells over owned Korea Electric Power
energy mix and wants to and the worlds largest 11.6 million TWh a year, of Company (KEPCO) holds
increase the share of LNG district heating company, which about 90% is used by 19.6% and government-
for heating and electricity supplying 1.1 million households. owned Korea Energy
generation, including LNG households, which represent In January 2010 KDHC Management Corporation
use in CHP plants. 59% of all households raised $125 million through (KEMCO) 10.5%. The
using district heating. listing 25% of its stock. The other shareholder is Seoul
KOREA DISTRICT HEATING Various other private newly raised finance is being metropolitan government,
CORPORATION companies and municipal used to build four new CHP which owns a 10.4% interest.
One district heating supplier agencies supply the other facilities that range from We are expanding our
looking to expand its 770,000 households with 99 MW to 515 MW installed business into many areas so
operations in future is state- district heating. capacity and to extend we need money to invest,
run Korea District Heating Headquartered in Seoul district heating services into Yoo explained, Competition
Corporation (KDHC), which and employing 1130 staff, new areas in and around for the district heating
recently completed a KDHC reported annual the capital, Seoul. market is increasing. We
successful listing on Seoul revenues of US$1.2 billion The government remains are a public company but
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private companies are unit in Daegu city. Today we 2000 and burns bunker C systems and not connected
trying to enter this business. still buy steam from KEPCO oil, and the 512 MW plus 37 to our main transmission
District heating is growing and operate our own CHP Gcal Hwasung plant, which district heating network.
quickly as it is cheaper than facilities as well. We have started up in December The governments trial
installing gas fired boilers. investigated the feasibility 2007, becoming the district heating privatization
Households are the main of buying the CHP units from companys first CHP plant to soon generated widespread
market at present. KEPCO but the units are too burn natural gas. complaints after residential
With government support, big, as each one is 900 MW Electricity generated by heating tariffs rose 35%
KDHC has pioneered the or more, while our biggest KDHCs CHP plants is sold to following the GS Power
district heating industry CHP unit at present is 525 the Korea Power Exchange takeover of Bucheon and
in South Korea and today MW. KEPCOs units are too electricity market operated Anyang CHP plants and
supplies more than one big for us to buy. by KEPCO, which is the district heating systems.
million customers. CHP plants totalling 2907 electricity market that all There was a public
According to KDHC, the MW installed capacity South Korean generators protest after the heating
company supplies 62% supply KDHC with steam. supply their power price rise and so the
of South Koreas district KEPCO supplies steam from output to. government gave a subsidy
heating market, followed by two CHP plants totaling 2188 to GS Power to bring down
GS Power with a 15% share. MW in capacity located at RISING HEATING TARIFFS the price, Yoo recalled.
Other suppliers include Bundang, in the southern Yoo pointed out that, at Today GS Power is still the
Seoul City government, outskirts of Seoul, and one stage, KDHC bought only district heating supplier
five city gas utilities, local Goyang, in the northern heat from four KEPCO CHP in each of those cities.
municipal companies, outskirts of Seoul. plants. The number later Their tariffs are the same
private companies and Meanwhile, KDHC owns dropped to two when as ours now. All tariffs must
public companies. four operational CHP plants KEPCO decided to sell two be government-approved.
with a combined capacity gas fired combined cycle Heating tariffs are important
STEAM FROM CHP PLANTS of 709 MW, while new CHP CHP plants in Bucheon, near and we review our tariffs four
KDHC was established units totaling 801 MW are Incheon, and in Anyang, times yearly which depend
in 1985 to supply district being installed. near Suwon, to GS Power in on fuel costs, largely LNG.
heating in Seoul. However, KDHCs operational CHP 2000, after the government
due to the companys plants include its first CHP decided to encourage PIPELINE NETWORKS
initial small size, the facilities. The companys private investment in Meanwhile, the backbone
government decided that original units are the 46 district heating. of KDHCs district heating
KEPCO at that time the MW plus 83 Gcal Daegu We sold our entire district network is a 1435 km heat
monopoly integrated power plant commissioned in heating systems supplied transmission pipeline system
generation, transmission March 1997 that burns from the Bucheon and that supplies Seoul, with
and distribution utility Bunker C oil, and the 43 MW Anyang CHP plants to GS its population of 10 million
should operate CHP plants plus 71 Gcal Suwon plant Power, so they bought people, including residents
and sell steam to KDHC. fuelled by low sulphur waxy KEPCOs CHP plants and our in the newer Kangnam
Times have changed, and residue that started up in district heating systems for commercial and residential
Yoo observed: Now we have December 1997. those two cities, said Yoo. area south of the Han River,
enough money to build our KDHC also operates The reason we sold off as well as the surrounding
own CHP plant projects. the 61 MW plus 105 Gcal our Bucheon and Anyang Gyeonggi region, also home
We completed our first CHP Cheongju plant that was district heating systems is to around 10 million people.
power plant in 1997, a 44 MW commissioned in October that they were stand alone We have a good pipeline
Table 1. New CHP projects under construction in the Seoul area.

Name Location Electrical Heat Length of Number of Date of
capacity capacity Transmission households completion
line served
Pangyo Bundang 146 MW 126 Gcal 40 km 32,000 November
southeast 2010
of Seoul
Paju Northwest 515 MW 396 Gcal 74 km 55,000 February

Seoul 2011
Gwangyo Suwon 141 MW 143 Gcal 38 km 22,000 December
south of Seoul 2011
Samsong Northwest 99 MW 98 Gcal 19 km 28,000 October
Seoul 2012

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network and we can operate around 77,000 households

effectively, Yoo remarked, connected to two nearby
We are still expanding systems. A hot water boiler
Underfloor heating
our hot water transmission system in Yangsan serves
pipeline network. If we get 46,000 households while a Apart from convenience, another reason for the popularity of district
heating is that the use of underfloor heating has a long history in
new business we increase separate hot water boiler
South Korea, where originally it was used to heat traditional single
our facilities. system in nearby Gimhae storey houses and other buildings. The Korean Ondol system
KDHCs district heating serves 31,000 households. involves the use of wood fires which release their heat into channels
transmission pipeline Elsewhere, the company under the floor of a building to create underfloor heating. Heat
network has been operates a 61 MW system dispersion using the ondol system is uneven, however, with floor
areas of the heated building closer to the fire being warmer than
constructed using mostly in Cheongju that currently
floor areas located further away from the heat source.
800 mm diameter pipe, serves around 10,000 Modern district heating in South Korea, by contrast, involves
along with some larger 1200 households. running hot water pipes under the floor of each residence which,
mm diameter sections. A mainly being in apartment blocks, are made of reinforced concrete.
range of smaller diameter KDHCS FIVE-YEAR Each room in an apartment fitted with district heating is equipped
with a thermostat, while a central heating control system is installed
pipe sizes have been used EXPANSION PLAN
to control the room temperature in each apartment.
to construct the district KDHCs Five Year Plan calls Individual household use of district heating is not going up as
heating distribution network. for the company to increase building technology and construction are improving; also, home
The heat transmission its customer base to two insulation is better now, Yoo noted, The average household in
pipe consists of a steel million households by 2015. Seoul consumes about 1 gigacalorie per month of district heating in
winter, which runs from October to March.
carrier pipe surrounded District heating sales
by a polyurethane foam worth KRW 2.6 trillion (US$
insulation layer that 2.2 billion) are targeted for the sole district heating NEW CHP CAPACITY
contains heat transmission 2015, when the companys provider against other Meanwhile, KDHC is building
pipe monitoring wires, assets are expected to be district heating companies four new CHP plants totalling
protected by a polyethylene worth KRW 4.5 trillion. and city gas companies 801 MW plus 763 Gcal that
jacket pipe. Plans to almost double also wanting to install the will lift the companys total
We have enough heating the number of residential district heating system. capacity to 1,510 MW plus
capacity at present as customers are aimed at The expansion of district 1,419 Gcal by the end of
all our CHP systems are ensuring continuing district heating currently depends 2011 when all the projects
connected. But when a new heating sales growth as on government planning are completed.
customer wants to change individual household district policy, and the initiative of Each of the new CHP units
from central heating to use heating consumption is individual district heating is designed for combined
district heating we have to unlikely to grow in future. companies. At present the cycle operation and to burn
check our capacity first, In spite of the companys government, in co-operation imported LNG.
said Yoo. ambitious plans to expand with local municipal These four new CHP
Sometimes we need to its district heating customer authorities, designates units supply new cities and
increase the capacity of base, KDHC is relying on the areas where district heating towns in their area, Yoo
our CHP facility to supply government to approve new is to be installed. said, adding that the CHP
them, but usually we use housing areas to be served KDHC and other district units enter service before
our transmission network by district heating, but not heating companies then all generating units are
to supply heat to places piped city gas distribution compete to be appointed to installed for full combined
demand is growing. as well. install and operate the new cycle operation. These are
In addition to serving the This is because in areas district heating system in the new greenfield towns with
Seoul-Incheon conurbation chosen to install piped city designated area. 20 to 25 storey apartment
through its transmission gas distribution networks, Also, in areas where blocks. The government has
pipeline, KDHC operates the district heating system there is no existing district designated all of them to
standalone district heating is also built by the city gas heating system, if two-thirds install district heating.
systems serving various company selected to install of the population ask us to Table 1 gives the details
other cities in South Korea . the piped gas system. supply them, then we can of the four proposed plants.
The company owns a 44 Consequently KDHC can convert their existing central KDHCs CHP plants are
MW CHP system in Daegu only compete to install heating systems to district installed with equipment
in the centre of the Korean a district heating system heating, said Yoo. from various suppliers
peninsula that serves in an area which is not We remove their boilers including steam turbines
108,000 households, while slated to install a city gas and install a heat exchanger. from Doosan Heavy
in the southeast of the distribution network. Many apartment owners are Industries and gas turbines
Korean peninsula near the In these areas KDHC deciding to install district from Mitsubishi, GE and
city of Busan KDHC serves competes to be appointed heating. Westinghouse.
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___________
The 44 MWe CHP system in Daegu is in the centre of the Korean peninsula
Boilers from Hyundai TOWARDS DOMESTIC

Heavy Industries, Doosan DISTRICT COOLING
Heavy Industries and KDHC purchases its gas
other suppliers have been requirements from Korea
installed in the various units. Gas Corporation (KOGAS),
Natural gas accounts for the countrys leading LNG
about 75% of KDHCs fuel importer. KOGAS like KDHC
requirement, while bunker was set up by state-owned
C oil and low sulphur waxy KEPCO to import LNG for
residue represents most of its power stations, and
the remaining fuel use. later expand its LNG import
Yoo pointed out that most market to supply city gas
district heating is produced companies that converted
by gas fired units in South from other feedstocks,
Korea due to government including naphtha to
regulations that require distribute natural gas.
all power plants that are South Koreas climate
located within urban areas features cold winters and
to use gas as oil and coal hot summers. Consequently,
are not permitted to be energy providers are faced
used within cities to avoid with high fuel demand for
atmospheric pollution. heating in winter and then
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high demand for cooling district cooling but this the companys existing heat district heating supplier.
in the summer. A seasonal is just for commercial distribution pipes to supply Under the Renewable
energy imbalance has buildings. Now our R&D district cooling in apartment Portfolio Standard (RPS),
grown as a result. division is researching how buildings due to difficulties the government has
KDHC faces a similar to supply district cooling to expected in installing stipulated that if we build
seasonal imbalance in apartments using desiccant dedicated distribution pipes a CHP facility we must
consumer demand for chillers that extract moisture for cooling only. install a renewable power
district heating to KOGAS from the air to remove facility somewhere and not
which experiences high humidity. We hope to RENEWABLES necessarily connected to
gas demand in winter for complete this research Meanwhile, KDHC also CHP production. So we have
heating but then sees gas project in one to two produces a small amount to expand our portfolio of
sales fall in summer when years time. of CHP using renewable renewable energy projects,
many customers switch KDHC currently supplies energy sources. Yoo explained.
to using electricity for air district cooling to 321 We have small CHP In 2009 some 13.5% of our
conditioning, as gas-fuelled building complexes of incinerators using waste at a electricity production was
cooling is not widely used. various sizes. Most of the 13 MW plant in the southern renewable. Our target is 15%
District cooling is one of the commercial buildings Kangnam area of Seoul, by 2016, which is a lot as we
options that KDHC is looking supplied are department said Yoo. are building four more CHP
into in a bid to develop its stores, hospitals and Also, we plan to use plants totalling 805 MW.
summertime business. government buildings. wood chips for a very small
We have the same The government is 3 MW CHP plant in Daegu. David Hayes writes on
problem. Our summer load supporting the district Its under construction for energy matters in Asia.
is very low compared to the cooling project, which completion this November Email:
winter load as we do not is expected to involve and will start up soon cospp@pennwell.com
need heating in summer, installing desiccant chillers afterwards.
said Yoo. in individual apartment Renewable energy This article is available
We have installed blocks. KDHCs R&D centre production is part of KDHCs on-line. Please visit
absorption chillers for is looking at ways of using social obligation as a www.cospp.com
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Project profile: Engine-based CHP in Italy
Engine-based CHP
for industrial sites in Italy
Two industrial sites at opposite ends of Italy are home to highly efficient CHP
installations based on reciprocating engines burning a combination of fuels
from natural gas, through oils, to liquid bio-fuel. Wrtsils Marco Golinelli
describes the two very different installations.
T
he first Wrtsil 50DF 50DF engine, and the the next generation of the
dual-fuel engine power plants capabilities Wrtsil 50DF.
installed in Italy has are proving to be ideal for
now been operating supplying the heat and EXPANDING
at the Fantoni combined power needed in the furniture COGENERATION
heat and power (CHP) plant manufacturing process. Generating the companys
for more than 6000 hours. Twelve months ago, the own electrical power and
Meanwhile, in Pisticci the company had four engines heat for drying wood has
first Italian plant to use a generating some 16 MW. To been the norm at Fantoni for
Wrtsil gas engine and discontinue the use of some a long time. Since 1996, the
the first combined cycle, re- of its older energy plants, company has been using
powering plant combining Fantoni began operation of several Wrtsil engines for
three different generating a new power plant at the CHP plants at other sites.
technologies is operational. Osoppo site in August 2009. In 2007 expansion of the
These two Italian projects In addition to this being cogeneration capability in
demonstrate how internal the first installation of a Osoppo was investigated,
combustion engines can be Wrtsil 50DF engine in and the decision was
applied in generating elec- Italy, the location of the eventually made to install a
tricity and heat with high ef- Osoppo plant presents Wrtsil 18V50DF capable of
ficiency and low emissions. interesting opportunities. delivering just over 16 MW.
Proximity to the Wrtsil The new engine enables
THE FANTONI CHP PLANT factory in Trieste opens up the company to maximize
Fantoni, an Italian board the potential for using the its production of electricity
manufacturer located in plant for further engine and heat using the minimum
northeast Italy, has become development. It gives number of engines.
a pioneer in Italys energy Wrtsil the opportunity to Wrtsil supplied the
business. In 2009 it became monitor the plant running engine, and auxiliaries such
the first company in Italy under actual conditions and as pumps for lube oil and
to install a Wrtsil power provides important data that light fuel oil (LFO) pilot fuel,
plant based on the Wrtsil will be useful in developing as well as emission control
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equipment for CO and

NOx control.
EFFICIENT AND FLEXIBLE

The heart of the new plant,
the Wrtsil 50DF, is a dual-
fuel engine designed to
provide high output with fuel
flexibility, low emission rates,
high efficiency and high
reliability. The 18-cylinder
V-configuration version at
Fantoni generates maximum
output of 16.3 MW.
The engine is designed
to yield the same output
regardless of whether it is
running on natural gas,
LFO or heavy fuel oil (HFO).
Providing 50 Hz electrical
output at a speed of 500 rpm,
the engine has a maximum
thermal design efficiency of
45%, higher than that of any
other gas engine.
Engine functions are
controlled by an advanced
automation system that
allows optimized operation
with each fuel option
over a wide range of
ambient conditions.
Both gas input and the
injection of pilot fuel are
electronically controlled,
which allows the correct air/
fuel ratio to be set for each
individual cylinder.
This ensures safe and
stable combustion using
minimum quantities of pilot
fuel. All the combustion
parameters are controlled
automatically during the
engines operation.
CONTROLLING EMISSIONS
The Wrtsil 50DF operates
on the lean burn principle:
the mixture of air and gas
in the cylinder has more air
than is needed for complete
combustion of the fuel,
reducing peak temperatures
and consequent NOx
emissions. Efficiency is
increased and higher output
The Fantoni plant
is achieved.
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The additional power generated

The Pisticci plant
by the steam turbine means that
in terms of efficiency, almost
50% of the energy in the fuel
used in the gas engines can be
converted into electricity
that gas engines can be on the exhaust side of the

harnessed to steam turbines gas engines and piping the
to produce more electricity collected heat back to the
than either technology could steam turbine section.
achieve alone. This arrangement reduces
the amount of steam that
ENGINE COMBINED CYCLE would normally be used to
WITH RE-POWERING pre-heat feed water in the
At the Fantoni CHP With the plant located Wrtsil engineers chose turbine plant.
plant, emissions are further just 100 km from Wrtsils the radical concept of re- This extra steam can
controlled by an SCR manufacturing facility in powering the existing unit by then be used to generate
(selective catalytic reduction Italy, activities to monitor employing engines fuelled additional output from the
system) that involves its operation, maximize by natural gas, and using steam turbine or made
injecting urea into exhaust efficiency and extend intervals the 400C exhaust gases to available to customers who
gas and using a catalyst to between maintenance have heat water for the existing are purchasing process
reduce NOx and CO levels. been launched all of which steam turbine. steam. The benefits are a
Heat recovered from will have a direct impact on Output from the original reduction in the amount of
both the engine cooling the plant economics. With plant running just two steam fuel used to heat the boiler
water circuit and the engine current electricity prices, turbines totalled 20 MW of or more power generated
exhaust gas is fed directly to these plants represent an electricity plus process steam by the turbine section of
the factorys dryers. As the air economically feasible option. for the industrial park. The the plant.
required for drying has to be average electrical efficiency
at about 180C, air heated by THE PISTICCI COMBINED achieved by this process HIGHER ELECTRICAL
the engine exhaust is mixed CYCLE CHP PLANT was 31% with an overall plant EFFICIENCY
with ambient air to achieve Another first in Italy is efficiency of 52%. The additional power
the correct temperature. the Pisticci CHP plant in After the gas engines were generated by the steam
Some heat extracted from Val Basento, south Italy, it connected, one of the steam turbine means that in terms
the engine exhaust gas was the first plant in Italy turbines was shut down. The of efficiency, almost 50% of
is recovered by heating to employ medium-speed revised normal operating the energy in the fuel used
thermal oil which is then used Wrtsil engines running on load then totalled some 30 in the gas engines can be
to produce steam. natural gas, and today the MW, with 16 MW coming converted into electricity.
All electricity generated first CHP plant to operate from the new engines, 14 This is quite a remarkable
by the Wrtsil 50DF is three different generating MW generated by the steam figure for a small gas
consumed within the factory. technologies. turbine and process steam engine plant with a simple
With a guaranteed value of The design configuration being provided as before. process connection to a
45% for electrical efficiency consists of four Wrtsil The electrical-thermal steam turbine.
and the utilization of waste 18V34SG gas engines production split changed Achieving such efficiency
heat, the plants overall producing some 22 MW from 45/55 to 50/50. In in a gas turbine combined-
efficiency is 85% or more. of electricity and full heat the new setup, the plants cycle power station normally
recovery to pre-heat feed electrical efficiency rose requires a total capacity
BENEFITS OF CHP water for an existing steam to 37% and overall plant of at least 100 MW, but has
The performance has turbine plant. The engines efficiency increased to 58%. not been reached in smaller
been confirmed, and in burn natural gas as the area Recycling of the exhaust facilities like the one at
compliance with the local is home to one of Italys few and cooling circuit heat Pisticci before.
NOx emission limit of 200 commercial deposits of to preheat feedwater and Connecting the two
mg/Nm3 (at 5% O2) and CO hydrocarbons. condensate in the steam systems with four gas engines
limits of 170 mg/Nm3 has Since start-up in October plant was achieved by and economizers together
been achieved. 1999, the plant has proved simply placing economizers allows high-pressure hot
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Figure 1. Process diagram for gas engines connected to a steam turbine at

Pisticci
water to be exchanged for THREE GENERATING

steam, and in this way the TECHNOLOGIES
electrical efficiency is higher In 2007, the Pisticci plant
than if a small steam turbine was extended once more
was located after the gas and three Wrtsil 18V32
engines. The technology is LBF (liquid bio-fuel) engines
very advanced, and has producing 24 MW were
already proved itself with installed, raising total output
more than 60,000 trouble-free to 76 MW. As before, full heat
running hours. recovery to the existing steam
turbine was incorporated.
FLEXIBILITY IN OPERATION The new engines are
Not only is this solution running on vegetable oils
reliable, it is also flexible: that comply with Wrtsils
to optimize load handling, technical specifications. This
the gas engines can be run gives both the plant and its
individually or together with customers full fuel flexibility.
or without the steam plant It will be able to generate
and vice versa. power using natural gas or
The Pisticci facility can vegetable oil or both.
adjust output to match Since 2008 Pisticci
current electricity demand Campagna has thus had
from daytime peaks to lower the worlds only CHP station
night-time levels. operating three different
A plant consisting of a generating technologies.
steam turbine-gas engine The lower level of emissions
combination gives operators generated mirrors the
the flexibility to operate the technological advances that
turbine at as high a load as have been made.
possible, maximizing that
sections efficiency. Because Marco Golinelli is vice
gas engines have high part- president, Wrtsil Power
load efficiency, they can Plants in Italy.
either be run at part load or Email: marco.golinelli@
one or more of them can be wartsila.com
disconnected as demand
falls. The output from gas This article is available
engines can also be ramped on-line. Please visit
up quickly as demand rises. www.cospp.com
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CHP policy in the United States
US Department
of Energy
pushes for CHP in industry
US industry is being encouraged to adopt energy efficiency measures and, where appropriate, CHP
by the Industrial Technologies Program of the Department of Energy. Bob Gemmer, Ted Bronson,
John Cuttica and Tommi Makila describe the work of the programme, which is partly delivered
through eight regional organizations.
T
he energy
marketplace has
suffered from severe
turbulence over
the last few years. Prior to
2008, escalating worldwide
demand caused prices for all
forms of energy to skyrocket.
Then the sudden economic
downturn significantly
reduced demand and
prices. Ongoing international
climate change negotiations
and uncertainty regarding
carbon regulations makes
any predictions about the
future difficult.
Amidst this uncertainty and
price volatility, the need for
industry in the United States
to transform its energy habits
Figure 1. Potential benefits of increased CHP capacity
has remained constant.
According to the most Of this, the industrial sector or residential sectors.
recent data from the US consumed 31 quads (3116 The US industrial
Department of Energy Btu) or almost one-third. sector consists of both
(DOE) Energy Information The industrial sector manufacturing and non-
Administration (EIA), accounts for a greater manufacturing industries.
the entire US economy portion of total energy Manufacturing industries
consumed approximately consumption than the include major process
99 quads (9916 Btu) in 2008. transportation, commercial, industries, such as chemicals
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Geographic coverage of the eight Clean Energy Regional Application Centres
and steel manufacturing, is process-specific. Petroleum 50% between 1973 and 2008. and sub-sectors, including
as well as final fabrication and natural gas are the most Even under a business-as- chemicals, steel and forest
industries that produce both widely used fuels in industry, usual scenario, this decline products. ITPs technology
durable and non-durable accounting for 36% and in industrial energy intensity delivery activities help
goods. Non-manufacturing 34% of total consumption, is expected to continue. industrial plants save energy
industries include agriculture, respectively. Electricity Between 2008 and 2035, EIA by assessing energy saving
mining, and oil and gas consumption represents projects that the value of US opportunities and facilitating
extraction industries. 14% of industrial energy use, industry shipments will grow adoption of best energy
Because the industrial renewable resources 9%, and by 44% but industrial energy management practices and
sector is so diverse, the coal 8%. consumption will increase by new technologies.
amount of energy used Within DOEs Office of only 8%.
varies significantly among Energy Efficiency and The goal of ITP is to further CHP A MAJOR FOCUS
its subsectors. A relatively Renewable Energy (EERE), accelerate this downward AREA
small number of heavy the Industrial Technologies trend in industrial energy Combined heat and power
manufacturing industries Program (ITP) is responsible use by helping US industry (CHP), also known as
account for most of industrial for improving national reduce its energy intensity by cogeneration, systems are
energy use; most of these energy security, climate, 25% in ten years. among the most promising
industries transform raw environment, and economic To achieve this ambitious energy efficient technologies
materials into higher-value competitiveness by goal, ITP supports industrial supported by ITP.
materials and end products. transforming the way US energy efficiency research The ITP programme defines
They include chemicals, industry uses energy. Over and development (R&D) and CHP as the concurrent
petroleum refining, steel, the last few decades, US technology delivery. production of electricity and
and forest products, to name industry has already made The goal of DOE-supported heat from a single energy
a few. significant progress in research and development source. CHP systems recover
The nature of end use energy efficiency. According work is to develop and heat that normally would
consumption also varies to the EIA (the US Energy deploy cross-cutting be wasted in electricity
among different industrial Information Administration), technologies that provide generation, therefore saving
sub-sectors. While motors, the energy intensity (that the greatest energy saving fuel that would otherwise
steam systems and is, the amount of energy potential across all sectors of be used to produce heat or
compressed air systems use used per unit of product industry, as well as industry- steam in a separate unit.
large amounts of energy, produced) of US industry specific R&D in the most CHP holds great promise
much of industrial energy use decreased by approximately energy intensive sectors for decreasing energy
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The goal of DOE-supported R&D

work is to develop and deploy cross-
cutting technologies that provide
the greatest energy saving potential
across all sectors of industry SOFT START
consumption and carbon largest medical centre in the
dioxide emissions in the US, world, with over 140 buildings
and it is one of the few options on its campus. Another large
in the portfolio of energy project supported by ARRA
alternatives that combine funds is the Seattle Steam
environmental effectiveness Companys district energy
with economic viability and plant that provides electricity
improved competitiveness. and steam for approximately
Nationally, CHP system 200 buildings in Seattles
capacity currently is 85 GW, central business district.
nearly 9% of total US electricity This 50 MW project has
generating capacity. received $19 million in federal
If this percentage were funding, and it is estimated
to increase to 20% by 2030, that the improvements to the
significant benefits would be CHP plant will save 1.84 trillion
realized. A study by Oak Ridge Btu annually compared
National Laboratory (ORNL) to the current, inefficient
published in December infrastructure.
2008 estimates that, if the DOEs CHP activities,
20% capacity were to be underway in the ITP
reached, this alone would programme office,
avert 60% of potential growth strategically support the
in carbon dioxide emissions agencys industrial energy STRONG PERFORMANCE.
between 2006 and 2030 see reduction goals. For example,
Figure 1. This is equivalent to CHP is integrated into the
taking more than 150 million Departments ongoing
cars off the road. Save Energy Now initiative, SIPOS 5 FLASH
Given this enormous which aims to increase THE INTELLIGENT ACTUATOR
potential, deployment deployment of energy
of CHP technologies is efficiency technologies at Combining soft start technology with precise control and
a major focus of DOEs industrial facilities. power, the SIPOS 5 Flash effectively operates your valve into
industrial programmes. This The CHP programme and out of the end position. The best way to protect your
is reflected in the fact that also benefits from strong valve and to extend its durability. Your benefits: low mainte-
one quarter of ITP funding stakeholder relationships nance and reduced life cycle costs. SIPOS 5 Flash for long-
term, no compromise solutions.
or approximately $25 million developed by ITP over many
per year is dedicated to years. To effectively promote
distributed energy and CHP the use of CHP technologies, Leading in intelligent actuation
programmes. In addition to these partnerships with Switching off without
this funding commitment, industry and states as well as overtorque
$150 million of the American national and regional energy- Valve monitoring through
Recovery and Reinvestment efficiency organizations are torque recording
Act of 2009 (ARRA) funding of paramount importance. Avoidance of water
has been directed towards DOE is not alone in hammer / cavitation
shovel-ready CHP and working to promote CHP. Precise and
district energy projects. By hosting bimonthly CHP repeatable control
For example, DOE has Team Meetings, DOE aims
awarded $10 million for the to keep all key players
construction of a 45 MW CHP informed about each others
district energy plant at the activities and to support SIPOS Aktorik GmbH Im Erlet 2 90518 Altdorf Germany www.sipos.de
Texas Medical Center the continual collaboration. Phone: + 49 9187 9227- 0 Fax: + 49 9187 9227-5111 info@sipos.de
_________
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Centaur 50 gas turbine

provides 100% of the facilitys
electricity needs and 80%
of steam needs, cutting its
greenhouse gas emissions by
over 5%. Taking the factory
essentially off the grid, the
CHP system also provides
significant system benefits
by easing congestion on the
local electricity grid.
MARKET TRANSFORMATION
In many ways, addressing
market barriers for wider
adoption of CHP technologies
is the most difficult challenge
for DOE. Companies and
other organizations do
The 4.6 MW Solar Centaur 50 CHP system at the Frito-Lay plant in Killingly, Connecticut. not tend to turn to federal
agencies for assistance when
Participants in these RESEARCH AND efficiency of ultra-lean burn planning their facilities. While
meetings include other DOE DEVELOPMENT gas turbines from 29% to some explore government
programme offices, the eight DOE has supported 38% and microturbines from funding opportunities, most
DOE-funded Clean Energy significant improvements in 17-30% to 38% in ten years. By project developers and
Regional Application Centers CHP technologies. According focusing on the development managers do not expect
(RACs), the US Environmental to Oak Ridge National of packaged, integrated or are not aware of project
Protection Agency, the Laboratory, in the last ten energy systems, average support opportunities from
Department of Housing and years, reciprocating engine CHP system efficiency has the federal government.
Urban Development and efficiency has increased from risen from 54% to over 70%. In the National CHP
other federal agencies, as 2538% to 44% and criteria Roadmap Workshop in
well as key trade groups pollutant emissions have TECHNOLOGY VALIDATION October 2000, a group of CHP
and other organizations that been significantly reduced. DOE financially supports the companies and stakeholders
are involved in promoting To achieve these deployment of demonstration set an ambitious goal of
CHP technologies. technological advances, projects featuring innovative doubling installed CHP
In collaboration with its DOE has provided long-term technologies and new CHP capacity in the US from 46
partners, DOEs development research funding to three applications. Efforts focus on GW in 1998 to 92 GW by 2010.
and deployment of CHP engine manufacturers high-potential, high-profile The group determined that
technologies focuses on Caterpillar, Cummins and sectors with opportunities for local barriers and lack of end-
three primary areas: Dresser Waukesha as well project replication. user awareness often prevent
as to Argonne and Oak For example, DOE has significant expansion of CHP
Q research and development Ridge National Laboratories supported measurement deployment. To address the
efforts for new and more and several universities. and verification of the need to overcome these
efficient CHP technologies These firms and research performance of new CHP barriers in a practical and
and systems laboratories have focused installation at a Frito- cost-effective manner, the
Q technology validation their R&D efforts on improving Lay facility in Killingly, concept of DOE-funded CHP
projects to provide ignition systems, reducing Connecticut, to validate Regional Application Centers
unbiased performance friction, and producing the potential for CHP in the (RACs) was born.
data to help potential analytical computer models food processing industry a Recently, the scope of
customers establish to upgrade engines, market sector that has not the technologies covered
that CHP will be able to pistons, piston rings and adopted CHP technology by the RACs was expanded
help them to meet their cylinder liners. very eagerly despite good to include waste heat
energy and other strategic Similar advances have market potential. recovery and district energy
objectives been achieved in other This plant, which employs systems, in addition to CHP.
Q market transformation CHP components and 400 people, processes To reflect this change, the
efforts aimed at removing systems. DOEs R&D efforts 113,000 kg per day of corn RACs have been renamed
barriers to adoption of on advanced materials and potatoes for snack as Clean Energy Regional
CHP technologies. have helped improve the foods. The 4.6 MW Solar Application Centers.
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RACS MAKING A purpose of the RACs is to the greatest potential in significantly more efficient
DIFFERENCE promote greater adoption its geographic area. For and DOE is to reach its
The RACs are the technical of these technologies, they example, the Midwest RAC ambitious goals, both energy
assistance and educational aim to provide facilities with has conducted analyses efficiency and CHP project
support arm of the DOE unbiased and accurate and outreach efforts in the ideas need to be turned
CHP Program. Eight RACs information. When a CHP biofuels industry, while the into reality.
cover all 50 states. The RACs system does not make Northwest RAC has placed The technologies have
conduct targeted education sense, the RACs will tell their emphasis on the pulp and proven effective, but facility
and outreach activities and clients so. paper industry. owners and operators
provide technical assistance The first RAC the Midwest To support these outreach need to be convinced to
and unbiased information to Clean Energy Application activities, the RACs have implement them and must
those interested in exploring Center was established developed a large number have access to funding
the feasibility of CHP, waste in 2001. Since that time, of project profiles to highlight for installations.
heat recovery and district seven more RACS have been different CHP systems and The United States
energy systems. established, all supporting applications. Department of Energys
In addition, the RACs work the development of more In many cases, regulatory Industrial Technologies
to lessen regulatory barriers than 350 CHP projects barriers are a significant Program intends to continue
to technology adoption and nationwide, representing hindrance to the adoption of its CHP and distributed
conduct market assessments approximately 1.3 GW of CHP, waste heat, and district energy programme so
to analyze CHP, waste installed system capacity. energy technologies. that end-users have the
heat recovery and district These systems have avoided The RACs do not lobby or information, the tools and
energy market potential in more than 7.7 million tons take part in other advocacy the resources to utilize CHP,
numerous sectors. of carbon dioxide, or the work, but they are actively waste heat recovery, and
equivalent of taking 1.2 involved in educating district energy in a cost-
TECHNICAL SUPPORT million cars off the road. regulators and legislators effective and energy-efficient
For the average facility about the benefits of these manner.
manager or operator, EDUCATIONAL EFFORTS technologies and how
investigating CHP, waste A larger barrier often regulatory barriers to greater Bob Gemmer is the
heat recovery, or district overlooked is the lack of utilization of the technology Industrial Distributed Energy
energy systems may be awareness by prospective can be removed. technology manager,
overwhelming. Exploring the end-users on how clean This regulatory work, Industrial Technologies
possibilities requires time, energy technologies can which is often conducted Program, US Department of
resources and expertise. help their facility. in co-operation with other Energy.
This is where the RACs fit in. To publicize and educate stakeholders in the region, Email: bob.gemmer@
The RACs provide support others on the benefits and has led to positive regulatory ee.doe.gov
to facility decision-makers use of CHP technologies in and legislative changes in
as they determine whether commercial, industrial and several states. Ted Bronson is with Power
these technologies might institutional facilities, and in For example, New Jersey Equipment Associates and
be feasible. district energy environments, law now allows CHP and is the Department of Energy
The RACs guide the the RACs conduct various district energy plants that Clean Energy Regional
assessment and evaluation local and regional provide thermal energy to Application Center
process through preliminary outreach activities. contiguous properties to also co-ordinator.
feasibility analysis or They have already held provide electric power to
by educating upper more than 170 end-user those properties (even if they John Cuttica is with
management on the focused workshops for over cross a right-of-way) without the University of Illinois
technical, financial and 10,000 individuals. having to be classified at Chicago and is a
environmental benefits of These outreach efforts as utilities. Department of Energy
these technologies. The span all market sectors, This is a major win for this Clean Energy Regional
RACs also assist their clients including municipal, industry. In North Carolina, Application Center project
in hiring engineering firms healthcare, federal and state the renewable energy and manager.
to perform comprehensive government, manufacturing, energy efficiency portfolio
feasibility studies and system commercial buildings, multi- standard includes CHP as an Tommi Makila is a policy
designs. In these situations, family housing, agriculture eligible technology. analyst with Energetics
RAC staff act as neutral third- and wastewater treatment Incorporated.
party experts looking out for facilities, as well as IMPLEMENTATION THE
the clients interest. infrastructure security. MEASURE THAT MATTERS This article is available
It is also important to Each RAC focuses on the If industry based in the on-line. Please visit
note that, even though the market sectors that offer United States is to become www.cospp.com
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Integrated energy
Tackling the
energy trilemma
Balancing carbon reduction with
affordability and supply security in the UK
The often-quoted trilemma of energy policy in the UK and elsewhere is to
successfully balance environmental, security and affordability pressures. But the
energy scene is changing, writes Tom Fern from the UK CHP Association, and the
CHP industry needs to both understand that change and react to it.
The Swedish city of Bors
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Integrated energy
M
ost readers the case. Many items still generate and use energy, most of synergies where
will be all too retain their place on the alongside the systems and they arise during a period a
aware of the to do list a drive to meet market arrangements to change that will be shaped
fact that, in stringent renewables targets facilitate this process, are by the decisions we take
simple terms, energy is and to achieve a vision of all facing fundamental over the coming decade;
changing both rapidly a decarbonized energy change. In the UK, this is an opportunity to start
and dramatically. The system come 2050 are just evident in the proposed creating a smarter, flexible
cogeneration sector, two examples. But a change programme of Electricity and more optimized energy
regardless of whether in emphasis is also certainly Market Reform. Those who system; a route to creating
we fully realize it yet, will evident. believe that it will be driven a comprehensive energy
increasingly find itself Energy saving is now by the traditional interests system greater than the sum
playing a key role at the also at the fore. The Green and priorities need to think of its parts.
heart of this change as Deal seeks to drive both again. When the challenges we
fundamentals shift around supply and demand side face are viewed through
us. How then do we ensure efficiency savings across THE NEED FOR A FRESH this perspective it becomes
the sector is best placed the domestic sector. All PERSPECTIVE increasingly apparent
to take advantage of the Government departments The challenges we face are that CHP and associated
opportunities that will are now working to secure equally substantial, complex technologies, infrastructure
present themselves along 10% carbon dioxide savings and pressing. They are not and market approaches
the way? across their own estates, going to be addressed by offers far more than
with a deepening of this repeating the approaches cost-effectiveness alone.
THE SHAPE OF CHANGE target seemingly only a of the past, or by hoping for Considering the drive
The change we see matter of time. a simple, technological fix. towards integration
around is ultimately driven The ideological embrace It isnt enough to say highlights the benefit it
by three key factors: the of localism is reflected in we will need everything. brings through enabling
drive to address climate a genuine desire for local A combination of different lynchpin technologies. By
change through carbon delivery of energy services. technologies and placing CHP and district
abatement, increasing And, across the board, cost approaches will need to work heating (DH) at the heart of
concerns about security effectiveness has shot back in harmony. This change an increasingly integrated
of supply and efforts to up the list of priorities after also prompts a reappraisal future energy system, its
preserve affordability of all, as senior politicians have of the relevance of CHP. possible to envisage a
energy supplies a set of reminded the country, with In a future constrained by range of benefits above and
variables often termed the the UK facing the largest capital, the energy system beyond the primary energy
energy trilemma. deficit in public finances is going to have to work efficiency and cost savings.
Globally, and even locally, since the 1940s along with a harder and smarter, full stop.
the balance and tensions sluggish economic outlook, Fundamentally, the entire SOME EXAMPLES:
between these three drivers there is no money. energy system will need QC HP underpinning district
of change will of course This reassessment to be far more integrated heating and cooling
vary. Yet, regardless of how of priorities prompts across the board. And there schemes to facilitate the
they play out, they will all be a reappraisal of what lies the opportunity: a drive integration of renewables
present to some degree. combined heat and power to integration. with fossil fuels across
The weak economic outlook brings to the table. Cost- Be it the integration of a communities managing
that currently affects many effectiveness is an obvious greater diversity of energy risks and maintaining
markets means cost and selling point. The cost and generation technologies reliability to help drive
affordability are now resource efficiency message into systems, combining acceptance of change
higher up the agenda the sector has consistently generation with energy and to deliver opportunity
than they have been for been delivering is now management to add to deploy zero carbon
some time. This is certainly generating new interest. greater flexibility as a whole, technologies where they
the case in the UK. And about time too. But this or the integration of energy otherwise wouldnt have
On the surface, the is only half the picture. into our communities, been feasible, or as
coalition agreement of As we struggle to address integration as a trend is efficient or robust.
our still relatively new all aspects of the energy increasingly evident.
government looked similar trilemma, against the As such, its feasible to QG
rid operation made
to the commitments of the backdrop of unprecedented start thinking of integrated simpler and more
previous administration. challenge, we can also energy as both a concept optimized. An integrated
Yet, as we move forward, see the fundamentals of and approach in its own system with CHP, heat
it becomes increasingly the energy sector change right an opportunity to storage and heat
obvious that this is not around us. The way we join dots and make the networks can contribute
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Integrated energy
to managing the rise in QD

riving genuine
variability the peaks opportunities for new British Sugar
and troughs we will face market entrants for
in electricity supply as example through the British Sugars Wissington site is the largest sugar
we bring increasing and delivery of CHP as part beet factory in the world and one of Europes most
necessary amounts of of an energy service efficient factories, processing over 400,000 tonnes
intermittent renewables approach to securing of sugar. Its highly resource-efficient approach to
on stream (in the UK at efficiency, carbon and production also makes the output of each process
least). Over time, the link cost savings across the the input of the next.
At the heart of this truly sustainable approach is a
of power generation with public sector. Money
highly efficient 70 MWe CHP plant commissioned at
heat supply can enable saved on energy means
the end of the 1990s that provides low-cost energy
system operators to use more resources for front-
and has been a significant enabler to the expansion
CHP plants to provide line public services.
and diversification of the factory this includes,
localized electricity grid Q Ensuring localized
for example, a modern bio-refinery that produces
balancing services, energy generation
55,000 tonnes of renewable bioethanol per year.
ensuring an increasing through CHP and district
Heat recovery helps to significantly minimize the
electricity demand can be heating, alongside processs carbon footprint. The site also hosts one of
met with reliable supplies other complementary Europes largest glasshouses, which uses significant
at an acceptable cost. technologies, is used volumes of low-grade heat and even the carbon
Furthermore, at the larger to support the best use dioxide gases from the CHP plant to help grow
scale, industrial CHP plants of local primary energy over 80 million tomatoes each year (about 10% of
can modulate their heat- resources be they UK demand).
to-power ratios, which waste streams through to Performance of the CHP plant itself was also
will enable them to offer sources of virgin biomass recently augmented by the addition of a multimillion-
additional low carbon from within a community pound water injection system which boosts output
capacity to the networks. for their own benefit, from the gas turbine.
QUsing carbon capture maximizing efficiency and This highly efficient husbandry of resources from
and storage (CCS) with return for the stakeholders sugar beet to energy and then even carbon dioxide
CHP to help improve the in question. The delivery along with the CHP plant and commendable
utilization of CCS plants, of power near to the environmental awareness and responsibility not
increasing their economic point of demand can only ensures that the carbon footprint of the site is
viability and helping minimize energy losses minimized, but also helps preserve and enhance
British Sugars competitive advantage.
ensure manufacturing in transmission and
sectors can thrive in a low- distribution.
carbon economy. Work
by the UKs Committee The fundamental cost, and approach to energy best practice certainly exist
on Climate Change has environmental and efficiency adopted in northern with many more in the
highlighted the difficulty benefits of CHP still stand, as European countries such pipeline but they remain
in decarbonizing the evident even in the examples as Denmark, Sweden and the exception rather than
manufacturing sector. above. These benefits will Germany very much fits this the rule.
The high grade heat also become increasingly mould. Indeed, the theme In this sense by looking
and significant electricity accentuated over time. But, at the heart of this article at the issue of energy in the
demands will need to be importantly, the value of may seem somewhat self- round through the lens of
met with a decarbonized making energy go further is evident to a large portion integration and specifically
energy source. By enhanced by the role CHP of readers. Been there, integrated energy, we are as
co-locating thermal and district heating will also done that and importantly a sector able to demonstrate
generation plants such increasingly play as enablers seen the benefit as a result. increasing relevance to other
as gas, coal or biomass of a more flexible and diverse In the majority of agendas and help highlight
CCS next to industrial sites, energy system overall. instances, however, the solutions to issues where CHP
ultra-low carbon, even offer of cogeneration and or DH may otherwise not be
carbon-negative, heat AND? trigeneration is yet to be fully in the frame, joining dots
can be delivered to these In many ways, of course, understood and embraced to illustrate outcomes and
users. As well as improving this is nothing new, either by government and other benefit in a broader context.
the system efficiency, in theory or practice. Many stakeholders in relevant Here the concept of
UK manufacturing will of the examples above countries. This is certainly the integrated energy in turn
stay remain competitive, are already evident in case in the UK even though becomes about adopting
especially in the absence practice and have been for progress is being made. a more comprehensive
of a global carbon price. some time. The experience Examples of innovation and approach to the energy
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Integrated energy
Bors district heating and

cooling networks
Bors is Swedens 13th largest municipally. The
local authority and BEM the municipally owned
energy company are progressively realizing the
vision of a zero-carbon city. By handling refuse
and the production of district heating, cooling and
electricity in the municipality, BEM helps the city take
a truly integrated approach in generating, using and
managing its energy resources. This has enabled the
municipality to migrate to a near zero carbon energy
system over the last 25 years.
Construction of the Bors district heating network
began in 1959 and today there are around 300 km
of installed district heating piping. BEM has several
power plants connected to its district heating
network. The main unit, Ryaverket, is a CHP plant with
two biofuel boilers, two waste boilers and generators.
Its biofuels are mainly waste forest fuel, essentially
leftover materials from the forestry industry. Ash from
the boilers is then used as a forest fertilizer. This plant,
along with four hydropower plants, also produces
electricity fed into the Nordic electricity market.
A waste incineration plant is also connected to The CHP plant at Wissington Source: British Sugar
the district heating network. It burns the combustible
portion of domestic waste and combustible waste and transformative element outline the value of our
from non-domestic sources. Waste material collected of this process. sector to others.
by BEM is also used to generate biogas, used mainly With a fresh perspective Much is, of course, still
for transport, including the fleet of refuse collection to frame the benefits of a to be decided about the
vehicles. The waste plant sits alongside a heat pump more inclusive and holistic future of energy both UK
that extracts heat from sewage water at the local approach, we can more and globally. The investment
sewage treatment plant. In 1996, BEM also built easily demonstrate the value outlook continues to be
a district cooling grid to provide industry, offices, that our sector can bring clouded by uncertainty.
shopping centres and the local hospital with an against a broader range of But looking at the
eco-friendly, economically viable alternative to air
challenges. fundamentals a substantial
conditioning. Today it produces up to 7 MW of district
It also affords a focus on increase in the price of
cooling, using two absorption chillers and water from
outcomes and benefits. Not electricity being just one
the district heating system.
just in efficiency, but also example our sector stands
The district heating network and Ryaverket CHP
the wider potential and in a strong position with
plant is at the heart of the municipalitys energy
opportunities the sector much to offer.
system. As part of a broader sustainable approach
helps unlock. All of this helps Integrated energy is in turn
to energy generation and use, Bors has reduced its
carbon dioxide emissions by over 84% since 1958, the us to deliver our message to a perspective that will help us
year before installation of the district heating network. new audiences with added bring this to the fore, helping
relevance and impact. demonstrate our relevance
It was these very reasons and role at the heart of a
issues we face a neat inclusive perspective, that motivated the UK changing energy future.
way of bundling together combined with evidence- Combined Heat and Power
the principles and defining based examples is hard Association to develop Tom Fern is
elements that sit behind the to ignore. the concept of integrated communications manager
array of exemplar schemes Maybe the challenges energy. Outlining this at the UK Combined Heat
and policies already evident we face will then seem vision and approach in and Power Association,
in practice. a little less daunting to the document Integrated London.
policymakers. Through a Energy: The role of CHP and Email: tom.fern@chpa.co.uk
STRENGTHENING OUR more holistic approach, district heating in our energy
MESSAGE they can put in place future (available at www. ___ This article is available
Taken together, the value smarter solutions and we chpa.co.uk), we have a tool
________ online. Please visit
of a defined, flexible and secure our role as a vital to help us more effectively www.cospp.com
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Project profile: Inquitex, Spain
Trigeneration in fibre making with Rolls-Royce engines

A textile manufacturing plant in Spains Basque region has been using Rolls-Royce technology as the
base of its CHP system since 1995. The latest pair of engines operate at availabilities of 95%, helping
the CHP plant meets the factorys entire energy requirement.
S
an Sebastian, Basque Countrys only also in non-woven fabric
perched on Spains synthetic fibre manufacturer, for hygiene and cleaning
northern coast, located close to where products. In addition, the firm
is one of the the road that crosses the is making major advances
countrys most beautiful Basque Country meets in imitation natural and
cities. To its south lies a those to Navarre and central animal fibres such as silk,
bucolic landscape of Spain. Its founders, back mohair, angora and fur. The
verdant hillsides, thick in 1952, were drawn to the companys polyester fibre
woods and caseros, the bank of the Leizarn River, is used by many major car
typical rural houses found which provides the ideal manufacturers and also in
throughout the Basque water quality for synthetic the hygiene industry.
Country. Industrial activities fibre production. The second line is PET
of all descriptions dot the The companys products sheet, which has a wide
landscape along with include two kinds of range of thermoforming
modern residential areas. polyamide products staple applications in the food,
Cutting-edge technology fibre since 1954 and textile printing, cosmetic and
is also here amid the yarn since 1960. Inquitex pharmaceutical industries,
picturesque legacy of branched into polypropylene as well as in industrial
a rich history. In nearby fibre in 1980 and into processes. The company is
Andoain, for instance, the polyester staple and PET known for its service, quality
Inquitex chemical and textile sheet fibre in the 1990s, when and flexibility in developing
production plant runs a high it also installed a recycling new products, with a
efficiency cogeneration system for by-products. polyester pilot product line
plant that supplies the Inquitex currently has two that produces new colours in
factorys entire requirement main product lines, polyester short time frames.
for electricity, heat, hot water, fibre and PET laminate. Its Inquitex exports two thirds
cooling and steam. polyamide fibre is used of its production, mainly to
Interior of the textile production
plant next to the Leizarn River Inquitex is the Spanish in the textile industry and western Europe, including the
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Project profile: Inquitex, Spain
Rolls-Royce engines To compete successfully in Europe

power Spanish sludge- Inquitex had to offer added value.
drying plant To ensure this, it complies with
High-efficiency Rolls-Royce gas engines now power the strictest quality and
a major new sludge-drying plant in Spain, which is
aiming to become one of the most effective plants of
environmental regulations
its kind in the world.
The cogeneration plant at Loeches on the outskirts Royce engine was brought in. duce up to 8.5 MW of elec-
of Madrid has three Rolls-Royce B35:40 V16AG Inquitex originally chose trical power, and to give
engines, each with 6.6 MW installed capacity, Rolls-Royce Bergen engines customers more energy
operating two thermal drying lines. Big enough to because they were used by and greater cost effective-
process most of the sludge from Madrids water the casing manufacturer ness than its competitors.
treatment plants, the facility will exploit the Rolls- Viscofan, whose plant was The design was driven
Royce power units 46.4% electrical efficiency the the first in Spain to install by stringent requirements
highest available from any gas engine on the market Bergen engines. The firm was for lower exhaust emissions
to treat 155,000 tonnes of sludge each year. further convinced by a report and maximum electrical
The efficiency and heat output of these B35:40 from Cadem the Basque and heat recovery
gas engines gives the Loeches plant high energy government agency for efficiency, coupled with
efficiency while saving energy at a global level energy development that extreme reliability. Decisive
and reducing carbon dioxide emissions to the recommended this type of features are the enlarged
atmosphere, says Carlos Prieto, managing director natural gas engine. cylinder volume and
of Rolls-Royce Marine Espana. The cogeneration plant optimized combustion
Some two-thirds of the plants annual through- meets the factorys total technology, which ensures
put will undergo thermal drying with the remainder power demand, and more. top performance without
used for composting. The compost is derived from a Strictly speaking, it is a over stressing.
mixture of dried sludge and plant-trimming remains trigeneration facility, as it Inquitex stuck with Rolls-
and is suitable for use in agriculture, landscaping has a cooling machine, Royce because of its
re-generation and gardening. based on an absorption positive experience with the
cycle that uses the waste earlier engines and its need
heat from the gas engines as for guaranteed reliability,
UK, France and Germany. It is heat, power and cooling the primary power source to as well as advice from a
now focusing on expansion plant powered by a supply chilled water for the private consultant and the
into central and eastern pair of Rolls-Royce gas air conditioning system and companys aftermarket
Europe, especially the engines. Security of supply other purposes. service. Over the years,
Czech Republic. is essential to synthetic fibre The output of steam Inquitex has borne witness
manufacturers, as transient and hot water is used in to Rolls-Royces business
ON-SITE CHP SYSTEM voltage or current micro- production processes as development in Spain and
PROTECTS POWER QUALITY cuts can affect the quality of needed. Electricity in excess the steady advances in its
To compete successfully in the fibre. Inquitex therefore of the factorys requirements products and services.
Europe, Inquitex had to offer saw an independent power is fed to the power grid. In their first month in
added value. To ensure this, source as the only way to The plant has an overall operation, the new engines
it complies with the strictest avert such problems. efficiency of 75%. attained availabilities of
quality and environmental In the early 1990s, when the 94% and 96% and today
regulations. The company first natural gas cogeneration NEW LEAN-BURN ENGINES high engine efficiency
has increased the amount plants were being built in TAKE OVER and total reliability are
of recycled materials in Spain, Inquitex decided When its engines had accu- fundamental. With gas
its products, so that its to install one of its own. At mulated 84,000 and 61,000 consumption equal to half
recycling containers take first, few people in Inquitex running hours respectively, of that of the provincial
in the equivalent of one were convinced of the need Inquitex decided to replace capital, San Sebastian,
in every three PET bottles for an independent power them with two Rolls-Royce Inquitex has entered a new
discarded in Spain. production system. In 1995, units from the B35:40V AG stage in its history with big
For an efficient, safe though, the first Rolls-Royce series, each with a power challenges and ambitious
and environment-friendly Bergen KVGS 3 MW engine rating of 5.1 MW. The B-gas goals, and is firmly focused
supply of electricity, heat was installed. Its results far engine is a medium-speed, on reaching the highest
and cooling, Inquitex relies exceeded expectations and, spark-ignited, lean-burn energy efficiency and the
on an on-site combined, three years later, a new Rolls- machine designed to pro- best performance.
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ORC technology
ORC technology
with biomass
its use for wood pellet production
Organic Rankine Cycle technology can be used to generate heat and power
from renewable sources. Over the last 10 years ORC technology has been
successfully demonstrated for application in small, decentralized biomass CHP
plants, as Ilaria Peretti writes.
O
ver the last 10 and efficient. formulated working fluid and
years, ORC Q Hot thermal oil is used as heat an optimized machine design,
technology has transfer medium, providing both high efficiency and high
proven its value several advantages, reliability can be achieved.
for small, decentralized including low pressure in The condensation heat of the
biomass CHP plants up to the boiler, large inertia and turbogenerator produces hot
around 5 MWe. insensitivity to load changes, water at typically 80C120C,
Typical systems are based simple and safe control and a temperature suitable for
on the following steps: operation. The adopted district heating and other
temperature (about 315C) low-temperature uses such
Q Biomass fuel is burned for the hot side also ensures as wood drying and cooling
in a combustor made a very long oil life. Using a through absorption chillers.
according to the same, thermal oil boiler avoids the
well-established techniques need for licensed operators, The ORC unit is based
used for hot water boilers. as required for steam on a closed Rankine cycle,
These combustors and systems in many European using a suitable organic
accessories elements countries. fluid. In Turbodens standard
such as filters, controls, Q An Organic Rankine Cycle biomass cogeneration units,
automatic ash disposal and turbogenerator converts the silicon oil is used. Figure 1
biomass feed mechanisms available heat to electricity. shows a cogeneration plant
are safe, reliable, clean Through the use of a properly in a biomass application.
Figure 1. Example of cogeneration plant in a biomass application
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ORC technology
the drum dryer with the wet 5. This technology requires

biomass, which comes into a hot water boiler, generally
direct contact with the hot biomass fuelled. The hot water
drying gas, thus evaporating produced through the belt
the excess water content up to dryer is utilized to generate
the process requirements. a hot air stream that flows
A typical pellet production into a special web belt, thus
plant based on a biomass evaporating the water content
combustion system and a of the sawdust.
Figure 2. Thermodynamic cycle and components of an ORC unit
rotary dryer usually includes: Therefore, within the belt
dryer, there is no direct contact
ORC TECHNOLOGY operation Q biomass burner (hot gas between hot combustion gas
ORC technology functions Q no operator attendance generator) and wet biomass, since the
similarly to a traditional steam needed Q mixing chamber including hot air stream used as drying
turbine, but instead of water, Q quiet operation hot gas distribution device medium has not been mixed
the ORC system vapourizes a Q high availability. Partial load Q wet biomass feed device with hot combustion gas. In
high molecular mass organic operation down to 10% of Q drum dryer the dried product, the dust,
fluid, offering cycles with nominal power Q dried product discharge particle and ash content
superior electric performance Q high efficiency event at system that usually comes from
(up to 10 MW) and several partial load Q drying gas cleaning unit combustion gas, is avoided.
mechanical advantages: Q low O&M requirements: Q fire detection and sprinkler Furthermore, due to the
about 3-5 hours/week system lower drying air temperature
Q slower turbine rotation Q long life. Q system control device. (usually between 70C and
Q lower pressure 110C), the risk of sawdust
Q no erosion of piping and APPLICATION OF ORC As an alternative to rotary firing is also much reduced.
blades. UNITS TO WOOD PELLET dryers, indirect belt dryers A typical pellet production
PRODUCTION are often adopted in pellet plant based on a belt dryer
The ORC turbogenerator In conventional, heat-only production plants see Figure usually includes:
is pre-assembled onto one plants for pellet production,
or more skids and can belt or rotary dryers are used to
be easily transported. The dry sawdust to the necessary
thermodynamic cycle and moisture content for pellet
relevant components are process. see Figure 4. Here,
illustrated in Figure 2. Figure heat-only pellet production
3 illustrates the differences plants are compared with
between turbines that work a CHP solution based on a
with water and turbines that biomass combustion system,
use high molecular mass an ORC unit and a belt dryer
working fluid. Advantages of fed by hot water coming from
ORC turbogenerators are: the ORC condenser.
In a pellet production
Technical advantages plant based on a biomass
Qhigh cycle efficiency combustion system and a
Q very high turbine efficiency direct rotary dryer, hot gas
(up to 90%) coming from the combustion
Q low turbine mechanical chamber is diluted with
stress due to low peripheral an ambient air stream in a
speed suitable mixing chamber to
Q low turbine RPM, allowing the obtain gas at a temperature
direct drive of the electric compatible with the highest
generator without gear inlet temperature acceptable
reduction in the dryer (usually
Q no erosion of blades, due to around 300C). Higher gas
the absence of moisture in temperatures at dryer inlet
the vapour nozzles. would lead to lower pellet
Operational advantages quality, and also increase the
Q simple start-stop procedures risk of sawdust firing.
____________
Q automatic and continuous A feed system supplies
_________
-VYTVYLPUMVYTH[PVULU[LY H[*6:77OV[PTZJVT
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ORC technology
Land Energy to use biomass

power in wood pellet
production
Wood pellet firm Land Energy is developing a series
of new production plants, as it seeks to move from
being a trading company towards becoming a
manufacturer of biomass fuel. The company has
ordered a biomass CHP system to use wood fuel
to generate the power and heat needed to run the
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of a biomass heat only plant for pellet production manufacturing process. A CHP system has been
based on direct rotary dryer ordered from Turboden to use Organic Rankine
Cycle technology to generate about 2 MW of
electricity and about 9.5 MW of heat energy.
The company aims to convert a potato
processing site in Wombleton, North Yorkshire
into a wood pellet plant, and has lodged plans
with Ryedale district council. A similar project at
Presteigne in mid-Wales would take 10 million
($15 million) in investment to convert an animal
feed plant into a wood pellet facility. Land Energys
primary markets for its wood pellets are likely to be
domestic biomass heating and small commercial
heating systems in schools and offices.
Currently, the company has wood pellets
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of a biomass heat only plant for pellet production delivered to its Yorkshire site before distributing the
based on a belt dryer project to end users.
Land Energy has signed an agreement with
German CHP specialists Gammel Engineering
as plant designer for all its future production
plants. The company has already had experience
developing more than 150 biomass CHP
projects, mainly in Germany and central Europe.
Innovative technology
The technology involves biomass fuel being
burned to heat oil within a boiler, which is then
used within an Organic Rankine Cycle unit to
vapourize an organic working fluid that drives a
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of a CHP biomass plant for pellet production turbine to generate power. The ORC also heats
based on belt dryer coupled to an ORC unit
water alongside the power generation, which can
The following part of this be used for space heating purposes and hot water
Q hot water biomass boiler study looks at a CHP solution supply. Waste heat from the system is recovered
Q wet biomass feed device based on a biomass ORC unit to continue heating the boiler, with the organic
Q hot air generation (hot and belt dryer. A typical pellet working fluid cycling back around the system to
water/drying air heat production plant based on a keep driving the turbine.
exchanger). biomass combustion system Studies of the system have suggested that turbine
Q drying web belt and an ORC unit requires mi- efficiencies of around 88% can be achieved, while
Q dried product discharge nor changes to conventional there are also said to be advantages from using a
system heat-only plant for pellet pro- system that does not rely on high-pressure steam to
Q drying air cleaning unit duction with belt dryer. drive the turbine. There are currently 113 Turboden
(if required by local This means that, in plants already in operation, including 15 in the
regulations) addition to the installation pellet sector across Europe, where they are used
Q fire detection and sprinkler of CHP biomass pellet plant, to supply the heat needed for drying sawdust to
system retrofitting of an existing pellet produce wood pellet fuel.
Q system control device. plant based on a hot water
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ORC technology
Figure 3. Differences between turbines that work with water and turbines that use high molecular mass working fluid
boiler coupled to belt dryer For equivalent electricity especially if fuel costs are conditions (electricity value
can easily be implemented, values around 0.20/kWhe negligible. In this case the and biomass cost) and plant
simply by replacing the hot ($0.26/kWhe), plants in the feasibility is good starting from size. The available operational
water boiler with a thermal oil power range from 600 kWe also electricity values in the range data confirm that the actual
boiler feeding the ORC unit remain competitive. A higher of 0.10kWh ($0.13kWh), which process efficiencies are
see Figure 6. Hot water will be fuel price has a strong impact can be considered a long- even higher than the figures
actually available downstream on smaller plants in the range term average buying rate for assumed in this study.
the ORC condenser. below 600 kWe, which can industrial customers in many
Financial results are be considered competitive countries. In particular, this Ilaria Peretti is country
calculated in terms of the only if indirect air drying with gives excellent medium-term manager for the Biomass
discounted payback time a belt dryer is assumed as application opportunities for Department of Turboden, in
of the additional investment reference technology for the new plants in Eastern Europe, Brescia, Italy.
required by the cogeneration heat-only plant. Russia and North America. Email: Ilaria.peretti@
solution. The sensitivity of the The operating conditions turboden.it
results to variations in plant CONCLUSIONS described apply to a large
size and electricity value The economic analysis shows share of the new production This article is available
is investigated. cogeneration units based on capacities planned worldwide, online. Please visit
The following boundary thermal oil boilers and ORC both concerning economic www.cospp.com
conditions are assumed: units, coupled with indirect
belt dryers as heat suppliers
Q constant fuel cost (biomass): for pellet plants, are viable Energy is changing...
20/MWh (US$26/MWh) economic option under a It pays to know how
Q equivalent electricity value broad range of conditions. This one day conference looks at innovative
approaches used in delivering energy locally
variable between 0.10 Plants starting from 2.2
for the benet of businesses, industry,
and 0.24/kWhe ($0.13 and t/h pellet production can consumers and communities across the UK.
$0.31/kWhe) be competitive starting from Programme will examine:
Q ORC size: from Turboden an electricity value of 0.18/ Opportunities and benets for local low
4-CHP Split to Turboden 22- kWh ($0.23/kWh). Due to carbon and renewable energy in 2010
CHP Split (about 2.2 t/h 10 the additional income from The role of CHP & district heating in the
t/h pellet production) electric energy generation, heart of a transforming energy system
Q constant hot water feed this solution also reduces Prospects for the sector to 2050
temperature to belt dryer: the risk from higher biomass The business, environmental & social case
for a more integrated approach to energy
90C. costs, being able to generate
positive cash flows at much For more information see
www.integrated-energy.co.uk
Biomass costs at this level will higher fuel costs than the
strongly impact the economic heat-only solution. These
feasibility of the biomass operating conditions exist in
based heat-only solutions many European countries
assumed as reference case. where new pellet production
The results show that, in capacity is under construction,
this difficult scenario, plants such as Germany, Austria, Italy,
with an installed power above Belgium and the UK.
1500 kWe exhibit a good For a pellet plant size above
Annual Conference and Awards
feasibility regardless of the 8 t/hr, a cogeneration plant
5th November 2010
technical solution for the dryer may be a good solution in 1 Great George Street, London
considered as reference case countries with incentives for The future of CHP, district heating
for the heat-only plant. renewable energy production, and community energy
_________
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Executive Director: David Sweet

1513 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036
Tel: +1 202 667 5600 Fax: +1 202 315 3719 web: www.localpower.org WORLD ALLIANCE FOR DECENTRALIZED ENERGY
The World Alliance for Decentralized Energy (WADE) was established in 1997 as a non-profit
research and promotion organization whose mission is to accelerate the worldwide development
of high efficiency cogeneration (CHP) and decentralized renewable energy systems that deliver
substantial economic and environmental benefits.
WADE OUTLINES DISTRIBUTED POWERS POTENTIAL IN CHINA

WADE has released a summary Several leaders and del-
of a new report evaluating the egates in the field of clean
potential benefits for China energy from China and the US
from combined heat and pow- attended or participated in the
er (CHP) and clean distributed meeting, including Wang Xiao-
generation (DG). kang, chairman of the board
The summary was released of China Energy Conservation
at a meeting for a briefing on and Environmental Protection
the WADE Asia Pacific Partner- Group (formerly CECIC), Dr
ship China Project with regard Bruce Hedman, vice president
to the potential for distributed of ICF International, and Rich-
power in China on 18 July in ard Sweetser, the president of
Washington, DC. Exergy Partners.
The report was produced WADEs executive director
with support from the US De- David Sweet presided over
partment of State and the Asia- the meeting. This report dem-
Pacific Partnership on Clean onstrates how important the
Development and Climate deployment of CHP and clean David Sweet, WADEs executive director, and Wang Xiaokang, the chairman of
(APP), a seven-nation partner- distributed energy can be for the board of China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group,
(centre) with WADE representatives and other delegates
ship formed to accelerate the China. It shows the tremendous
development and deployment potential for reducing green- economy in China, he said in ager for Peru were also present.
of clean energy technologies. house gases while at the same a press release. The executive summary of
APP members include Australia, time reducing delivered power Ju Ning, WADEs country the report can be found at
Canada, China, India, Japan, costs. This can be a win-win manager for China, and Kath- www.localpower.org/WADE-
____________________
Korea and the United States. for the environment and the erine Fierro, the country man- APP-Summary.pdf
___________
WADE, ECCT, FA FORUM MEETING ON THE MARKET DEVELOPMENT OF

DECENTRALIZED ENERGY SYSTEMS IN THAILAND
The Enhancing Institutional Co. Ltd (FA) is aimed at and the Thailand country flows between EU and
Capacities for the promoting the benefits of manager Alan Dale Thailand in energy and
Market Development of decentralized energy and Gonzales. Key stakeholders the environment, through
Decentralized Energy establishing a local setup from government agencies co-operation among
Systems in Thailand project of WADE in Thailand. MoE, DEDE, EPPO, trade associations and
drew to a close in June. The WADE, ECCT and Full EGAT, PEA and MEA as by enhancing capacities
project which is funded by Advantage Co. Ltd held well as small to medium among key target groups
the European Commission the meeting on 22 June sized industries, and within government
(EC) and implemented by in Bangkok to discuss the distinguished individuals agencies and authorities
the Energy Conservation projects results. WADEs also participated in the so they can formulate and
Centre of Thailand (ECCT) in executive director David forum. implement policies and
alliance with World Alliance Sweet attended, along The projects objectives regulations to encourage
for Decentralized Energy with Sridhar Samudrala, include facilitating investment in decentralized
(WADE) and Full Advantage WADEs director for Asia, trade and investment energy systems.
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WORLD ALLIANCE FOR DECENTRALIZED ENERGY Tel: +1 202 667 5600 Fax: +1 202 315 3719 web: www.localpower.org
substantial economic and environmental benefits.
WADE ATTENDS CANADIAN AMERICAN BUSINESS

COUNCIL (CABC) CONFERENCE
WADE participated in and Canada.
the CABCs annual US The CABC was established
policy conference titled in 1987 in Washington DC as
Whatever Happened to the a non-profit, non-partisan,
North American Market? issues-oriented organization
Implications for Canada/ dedicated to elevating the
US Relations at the Dirksen private sector perspective
Senate Office Building in on issues that affect the US
Washington DC on 10 June. and Canada.
Policymakers, thought
leaders and academics from
the US and Canada focused
WADE BACKS
on obstacles to economic the Canadian Chamber of spoke at the conference. AUSTRALIA
recovery and job growth in Commerces president the The conferences two
both countries. The speakers Honorable Perrin Beatty, and panels suggested solutions
CONFERENCE
included Ray LaHood, the US John Melle, deputy assistant to increase exports and WADE has participated
Secretary of Transportation, US Trade Representative. improve competitive in the Decentralized
US senator Jeanne Shaheen, David Sweet from WADE also advantages for United States Energy Conference held
in Australia on 2425 June.
The conference, which
GAS ENGINE AND CHP SYMPOSIUM SELLS OUT was supported by WADE,
IN TORONTO promoted wide-scale use of
decentralized energy in the
European Power Systems High efficiency energy importance of introducing a cost-effective modernization
(EPS) and WADE Canada generation technologies Clean Energy Standard Offer and development of
hosted a gas engine and CHP combined with progressive Programme in Ontario; and electricity systems.
symposium and networking business models can offer the increased role of energy The event brought
event on 16 July at the MARS competitive returns for efficiency through on-site together leaders in the
Centre in Toronto, Ontario. investors and customers energy generation. technological development
Attendance more than while providing efficient CHP, solar thermal, waste and implementation of
tripled expectations to total solutions to our energy to energy and controls decentralized energy
124 industry professionals supply challenges. in communications are projects. Prominent speakers
from Canada, the US and Innovative applications, important technologies included David Sweet,
Europe. such as CO2 fertilization in that will increase Canadas WADEs executive director
This overwhelming greenhouses using flexible competitiveness in the clean as well as Terry Jones, the
response demonstrates the CHP technologies, are energy industry, said WADE director of the Centre for
tremendous interest from changing the way we think Canadas president Anouk Distributed Energy & Power,
customers, technology about optimized energy Kendall. CenDEP (CSIRO), and
providers, project developers generation. An online copy of Professor Tony Vassallo, who
and engineering firms to The three main themes to the presentations at the holds the Delta Electricity
develop CHP projects, says emerge from the symposium symposium can be found at Chair in Sustainable
Jan Buijk, EPS president and were: the need for more www.wadecanada.ca in the Energy Development at the
WADE Canada chair. showcase projects; the presentations library. University of Sydney.
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Tel: +1 202 667 5600 Fax: +1 202 315 3719 web: www.localpower.org WORLD ALLIANCE FOR DECENTRALIZED ENERGY
YUKON TURBINE POWERS FIRST
NATION VILLAGE substantial economic and environmental benefits.
New Energy Corporation first in America to become

(NEC) is making powered solely by a
international headlines as hydrokinetic turbine energy
its turbine starts to harness source.
energy from the Yukon River The progress achieved
in Alaska, US. The in-stream with our partners in Alaska
25 kW turbine spins slowly, is extremely gratifying for
at a maximum speed of our company, said NEC
22 rpm and is NECs latest CEO, Clayton Bear. We
installation. have always adopted a
From left: David Sweet, Executive Director, WADE, Robert McLeod, Minister
The turbine is the first to slow and steady approach of Industry, Tourism & Investment for the Government of the Northwest Terri-
be placed into commercial to our market development, tories, Fred Conroy of Dresser-Rand Group Inc., Andrew Soto of American Gas
Association, Katherine Fierro, Country Manager, WADE Peru at the Natural
service by the Alaska Power working out any wrinkles
Gas Roundtable event held on 15 June in Washington, DC.
& Telephone Company before progressing to the
in the Yukon River, near next generation of systems. environmentally sound. NEC is also engaged in a
the communities of Eagle The organization is working If expanded, the project major project at Canoe Pass,
and Eagle Village. Thanks towards the introduction could displace more than BC, having an agreement
to US$3.2 million in grant of larger 125 and 250 215,000 litres of diesel with Fundy Tidal Co to supply
funding from the Denali kW models in the near currently used for energy initiatives in the Maritimes
Commission of Alaska, the future. We realize that our generation each year for and will also be delivering
First Nations town of Eagle systems must both be cost the 200 residents of Eagle two systems destined for
Village will likely become the effective and proven to be and Eagle Village. India this summer.
INAUGURAL CLEAN ENERGY MINISTERIAL MEETING OFFICER

LAUNCHES 11 INITIATIVES CHANGES AT
WADE CANADA
Ministers from 24 nations 10 million people without from Australia, Belgium,
participated in the first Clean access to grid electricity Brazil, Canada, China, WADE Canada has thanked
Energy Ministerial on 1920 by 2015, and helping to Denmark, the European James Sidlofsky a partner
July in Washington, DC, encourage women to pursue Commission, Finland, at Bordner, Ladner Jervais LLP
which launched 11 initiatives careers in clean energy. France, Germany, India, for his dedication as chair
to accelerate the global These steps will promote Indonesia, Italy, Japan, over this past year.
transition to clean energy. economic growth, create Korea, Mexico, Norway, WADE Canada also
These initiatives are aimed jobs and cut greenhouse Russia, South Africa, Spain, announced it will be chaired
at removing the need to gas emissions, said United Sweden, the UAE, the UK and by Jan Buijk, European Power
build more than 500 mid- States Energy Secretary the US. Systems president and
sized power plants over the Steven Chu. The initiatives build on CEO. Vice chair and interim
next 20 years, promoting The participating the Technology Action treasurer will be Brent Harris,
the rapid deployment of governments account for Plans released by the Major vice president of Sustainable
electric vehicles, supporting more than 80% of global Economies Forum Global Technologies. The secretary
the growing global market energy consumption and Partnership in December will be James Sidlofsky. WADE
for renewable energy a similar percentage of the 2009 and will help achieve Canada congratulated John
and carbon capture market for clean energy global climate and energy Muir, director of Canadian
technologies, bringing solar technologies. The Clean policy goals. WADEs David Energy Policy for GE Energy, on
lanterns or other improved Energy Ministerial was Sweet was present at his appointment as chair of
energy services to more than attended by representatives the event. the Energy Council of Canada.
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Power & Water Conference & Exhibition
4-6 October 2010

Qatar International Exhibition Centre, Doha, Qatar
www.power-gen-middleeast.com
Under the Patronage of His Excellency Mr. Abdullah bin Hamad Al-Attiyah,
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Energy & Industry
New Solutions for the Regions

Power & Water Challenges
INVITATION TO ATTEND
POWER-GEN Middle East is the regions premier event dedicated to the power and water industries of the Gulf
region and has a reputation for providing the best networking opportunities available in the Middle East.
Informative Conference
Its leading conference programme covers strategic and technical power and water issues across the Middle East
and aims to enhance dialogue for developing solutions to the regions issues.
Speakers Include:
Yousuf Ahmed Janahi Frank Wouters Dr. Abdulmajeed Ali Al-Awadhi
Manager Corporate Planning Chief Executive, Chief Executive, Bahrain Electricity

& Business Development, Masdar Power, UAE & Water Authority, Bahrain
Kahramaa, Qatar
Leading Exhibition
Discover new ideas, technologies and developments at the leading exhibition for the power and water industry and Source
the latest products and services from leading companies and suppliers from around the world.
If you are involved in power and water industries and are looking to increase your business and knowledge in the
region, POWER-GEN Middle East is the must attend event.
Use Promotional Code When Registering: COSPP01

For exhibition opening hours. full conference programme, exhibitors, products and services and to register online
visit www.power-gen-middleeast.com
Owned and Produced By: Co-Host: Platinum Sponsor: In Affiliation with: Sponsors:
Flagship Media Sponsors: Supporting Organizations: Supporting Regional Publication: Media Partners:
Middle East
___________
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Diary
Send details of your event to Cogeneration and On-Site Power Production:

Diary of events
Conference on Small and EPA CHP Partnership Annual CHPA Annual Conference
2010 Micro Cogeneration
Augsburg, Germany
Meeting
Austin, Texas, USA
and Awards
London, UK
7 October 2010 23 November 2010 25 November 2010
POWER-GEN Middle East REECO GmbH, Unter den Linden 15 CHP Partnership, US Environmental Combined Heat and Power
Doha, Qatar 72762 Reutlingen, Germany Protection Agency, 1200 Association, Grosvenor Gardens
46 October 2010 Tel: +49 7121 3016 0 Pennsylvania Ave., NW (MC 6202J), House, 35/37 Grosvenor Gardens,
Neil Walker, PennWell Corporation, Fax: +49 7121 3016 100 Washington, DC 20460, USA London SW1W 0BS, UK
The Water Tower, Gunpowder Mill, e-mail: fritz@energie-server.de Tel: +1 703 373 8108 Tel: +44 020 7828 4077
Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1BN, UK e-mail: chp@epa.gov Fax: +44 020 7828 0310
Tel: +44 1992 656 643 e-mail: info@chpa.co.uk
Fax: +44 1992 656 700 The Third Annual web: www.chpa.co.uk
e-mail: newspgme@pennwell.com International Conference POWER-GEN Asia
web: www.power-gen-middleeast. on Energy, Logistics and the Singapore POWER-GEN International
com
___ Environment 24 November 2010 Orlando, FL 32819
Denver, Colorado, USA Neil Walker, PennWell Corporation, 1416 December 2010
39th Annual Turbomachinery 79 October 2010 The Water Tower, Gunpowder Mill, Stephanie Moore, PennWell
Symposium Linda Doyle, Global Commerce Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1BN, UK Corporation, 1421 S. Sheridan
Houston, Texas, USA Forum, Tel: +44 1992 656 643 Road, Tulsa, OK 74112, USA
57 October 2010 Tel: +1 702 236 2461 Fax: +44 1992 656 700 Tel: +1 918 832 9382
Turbomachinery Laboratory, Texas e-mail: lindakdoyle@eme e-mail: attendingpga@pennwell. Fax: +1 918 831 9729
A&M University, 3254 TAMU, College conference.com com e-mail: stephaniem@pennwell.com
Station, Texas 77843-3254, USA web: www.globalcommerceforum. web: www.powergenasia.com web: www.power-gen.com
Tel: +1 979 845 7417 org
__
Renewable Energy World
Fax: +1 979 845 1835
e-mail: inquiry@turbo-lab.tamu.edu
web: http://turbolab.tamu.edu/ Cogeneration Days 2010
Conference & Expo Asia
Singapore
2011
articles/turbo_symposium
_______________ Prague, Czech Republic 24 November 2010 World Future Energy Summit
1920 October 2010 Neil Walker, PennWell Corporation, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
European Bioenergy Expo Olga Solarikova, COGEN Czech The Water Tower, Gunpowder Mill, 1720 January 2011
and Conference pracoviste Praha, Mosnova 21 Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1BN, UK Reed Exhibitions, Kelly King, P.O. Box
Stoneleigh, UK 150 00 Prague 5 Tel: +44 1992 656 643 60799, Abu Dhabi, UAE
67 October 2010 Tel: +420 257 327 641 Fax: +44 1992 656 700 Tel: +971 2 409 0442
Biofuels Media Limited e-mail: reditel@cogen.cz e-mail: attendingpga@pennwell. e-mail: kelly.king@reedexpo.ae
27 Atwood Road, London W6 0HX com web: www.worldfutureenergy
Tel: +44 20 8846 3792 web: www.renewableenergyworld/ summit.com
Fax: +44 208 741 9935 Cogeneration Days asia.com
e-mail: info@biofuelsmedia.com European Future Energy Forum
web: www.ebec.co.uk/ London, UK 5th International District 24th Campus Energy
1921 October 2010 Cooling Conference & Trade Conference and Distribution
USCHPA Annual Meeting Rebecca Oxley , Turret Middle East, Show Workshp
Washington, DC, USA P.O. Box 94891, Abu Dhabi, UAE Doha, Qatar Miami, FL, USA
68 October 2010 Tel: +971 2 406 4567 79 November 2010 2225 February 2011
Jessica H. Bridges, e-mail: r.oxley@turretme.com International District Energy International District Energy
US Clean Heat & Power Association, web:___
www. Association, 24 Lyman Street, Suite Association, 24 Lyman Street, Suite
500 Montgomery Street, Suite 400, europeanfutureenergyforum.com 230, Westborough, MA 01581, USA 230, Westborough, MA 01581, USA
Alexandria, VA 22314, USA Tel: +1 508 366 9339 Tel: +1 508 366 9339
Tel: +1 703 647 6244 Fax: +1 508 3660019 Fax: +1 508 3660019
Fax: +1 703 647 6259 e-mail: idea@districtenergy.org e-mail: idea@districtenergy.org
e-mail: jbridges@uschpa.org web: www.districtenergy.org/ web: www.districtenergy.org/
web: www.uschpa.org calendar
_____ calendar
_____
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Diary
Send details of your event to Cogeneration and On-Site Power Production:

World Sustainable Energy Renewable Energy World 9th European Clean Technology World
Days 2011 Conference & Expo North Turbomachinery Conference Africa 2011
Wels, Austria America 2010 Istanbul, Turkey Johannesburg, South Africa
24 March 2011 Tampa, Florida, USA 2125 March 2011 28 March1 April 2011
Christine hlinger, O.Oe. 810 March 2011 Tel: +32 2 359 9605 Terrapinn, 48 Grosvenor Road,
Energiesparverband, Stephanie Moore, PennWell Fax: +32 2 359 9600 Bryanston 2021, South Africa
Landstrasse 45, 4020 Linz, Austria Corporation, 1421 S. Sheridan e-mail: etc.secretariat@euroturbo. Tel: +27 11 463 6001
Tel: +43 732 7720 14380 Road, Tulsa, OK 74112, USA eu Fax: +27 11 463 6903
Fax: +43 732 7720 14383 Tel: +1 918 832 9382 web: www.euroturbo.eu e-mail: enquiry.za@terrapinn.com
e-mail: christine.oehlinger@esv.or.at Fax: +1 918 831 9729 web: www.terrapinn.com/2011/
web: www.wsed.at e-mail: stephaniem@pennwell. Russia Power 2011 cleantechza/
_______
com Moscow, Russian Federation
14th Annual Power & web: ________________
www.renewableenergyworld- 2830 March 2011 Power & Electricity World
Electricity World Asia events.com
_______ Crispin Coulson, PennWell Africa 2011
Singapore Corporation, The Water Tower, Johannesburg, South Africa
711 March 2011 9th WTUI Conference Gunpowder Mill, Waltham Abbey, 28 March1 April 2011
Terrapinn, 48 Grosvenor Road, Palm Spring, California, USA Essex EN9 1BN, UK Terrapinn, 48 Grosvenor Road,
Bryanston 2021, South Africa 2023 March 2011 Tel: +44 1992 656 646 Bryanston 2021, South Africa
Tel: +27 11 463 6001 Western Turbine Users Inc, Fax: +44 1992 656 700 Tel: +27 11 463 6001
Fax: +27 11 463 6903 Long Beach, CA. 90803-4296, USA. e-mail: crispinc@pennwell.com Fax: +27 11 463 6903
e-mail: enquiry.za@terrapinn.com Tel: +1 513 442 0986 web: www.russia-power.org e-mail: enquiry.za@terrapinn.com
web: www.terrapinn.com/2011/ Fax: +1 513 442 0986 web: www.terrapinn.com/2011/
asiapower/
______ e-mail: info@wtui.com powerza/
_____
Advertisers index
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Thinking ahead about greenhouse.
Making sure your

prot is going to thrive
and prosper, too.
MWM is one of the worlds leading specialists which are individually tailored to your
in greenhouse technology. We supply you with needs, making you independent of provider
turnkey economical solutions you can rely prices and paying for themselves fast.
on permanently. Our name is synonymous
with energy supply and utilization concepts www.mwm.net
___________
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cospp A

Thinking ahead about greenhouse.

Making sure your

Calling all owners and operators of decentralized

September - October 2010

OnSite Power Production

South Korea targets

WORLD ALLIANCE FOR DECENTRALIZED ENERGY

Declare independence - choose

Choose Wood Group GTS for faster,

Where you work, we work. Worldwide, we serve owners and operators

To experience our independent, individual and innovative solutions, email gts@woodgroup.com

Contents Volume 11 Number 5

& OnSite Power Production

South Korea targets

22 Performance monitoring to increase power plant efficiency

WORLD ALLIANCE FOR DECENTRALIZED ENERGY

30 South Korea targets CHP expansion

47 Introducing US industry to CHP

52 Tackling the energy trilemma

2 Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September - October 2010 www.cospp.com

Group Publisher: Ralph Boon

Senior Editor: Heather Johnstone

Design: Michael Wickers

Consulting Editor: David Sweet

WADE Editorial Board:

Jorge A. Hernndez Soulayrac

Fiona Riddoch (COGEN Europe)

Advertising: Please contact Natasha Cole

58 Applying ORC technology with biomass

Published by PennWell International

56 Trigeneration in fibre making

Royce engines to supply its entire needs in 67 Diary

68 Advertisers index distributed in the USA by SPP at 75 Aberdeen Road, Emigsville,

Reprints: High-quality reprints of any article from this publication

Printed in the UK by Williams Press Ltd on elemental

The growing importance

4 Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September - October 2010 www.cospp.com

Our best efforts and intentions evidence of severe climate

environmental catastrophe is just supplies cannot be ignored.

6 Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September - October 2010 www.cospp.com

WRTSIL is a registered trademark.

THE NEW STANDARD FOR

Send your news to Cogeneration and On-Site Power Production:

www.cospp.com Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September - October 2010 9

BIOGAS ENGINE POWERS UKRAINIAN MILK COMPANYS BABY MILK PLANT

TOGNUM TO SUPPLY CHP UNITS TO

10 Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September - October 2010 www.cospp.com

SHALE GAS TO FUEL ON-SITE PLANT TURBINE CHP INSTALLATION UNDER

CHP Unit Manufacturing

Units equipped with original TEDOM Engines

12 Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September - October 2010 www.cospp.com

www.cospp.com Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September - October 2010 13

COOL ENERGY CARRIES OUT FIELD NUON TO BUILD GAS-FIRED CHP

14 Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September - October 2010 www.cospp.com

GLOBAL MICRO-CHP CAPACITY

www.cospp.com Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September - October 2010 15

Helsinki a member of Energy Cities since 1996

16 Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September - October 2010 www.cospp.com

www.cospp.com Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September - October 2010 17

strong local power and

18 Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September - October 2010 www.cospp.com

20 Cogeneration & OnSite Power Production | September - October 2010 www.cospp.com