Reading Listening Speaking Writing

Types/ 1. Bottom Up 1. Bottom- Up Games, discovering

Models (decoding) 2. Top- Down differences, info
2. Top- Down (prior sharing, consensus,
knowledge) 1. Participatory problem- solving,
3. Interactive 2. Non- interpersonal exp.,
(knowledge of pics in order, pic
lang. + schematic interpretation, group
knowledge debates, role play,
simulation.
Pre Preparation, activate Contextualise text & What and why 1. Product
background knowledge, provide info [ prior Predict problems Approach
familiar language and schematic Tailor time focus on
knowledge] Prepare materials grammatical
Types Work out instructions accuracy
Brainstorming //Audiolingual
Pics Types model
Predict content from title Title predict
Discuss the topic Opinion
Identify genre Q/A
Learn vocabulary Relevant experiences
Discuss the topic
Pics
While Model good reading Help Ss understand Arouse interest 2. Process
strategies, focus on the the text, encourage to Board reference Approach
process of understanding attend more Clear instruction not linear
follow the order of ideas, intensively, develop a Enough time process but of
predict the next part, variety of Process vs product discovery
distinguish fact/opinion comprehension skills N interruption planning
or major/ minor ideas and elicit messages Evaluate translating
from the text After finish reviewing
Types correct (circle)
Multiple choice
Blanks Stages //
T/F Types Research Paper
Matching Multiple choice
Sequencing/ Sorting Chart, Map, Table
Q/A Pics F Text
Make Notes
Answer Qs
Complete sentences
Post What you know F what Connect what they Feedback 3. Genre
you feel, integration of learn with past Focus on how well Approach
skills, creative responses experiences, help Possible improving organization,
them more easily from Repeated mistakes grammar,
listening to another vocabulary,
Types skill systematic
Critical analysis Types analysing,
Evaluation Opinions style, purpose
Summarising/ Relate similar
 Paraphrasing experiences
Reproduction of the Text Role play
(Role play, writing) Brief report
Debate the topic
Write similar text
Skills Understand single Info & interaction
utterances / F text routines
Gist Management
Specific info Feedback
Deducing unfamiliar Function and
OR missing meaning meaning
Implied info Speaking styles
Text task Communication
strategies

Grammar Vocabulary
Descriptive vs prescriptive Function and content words
Audiolingual vs Communicative Structural and Communicative Approach
Form/ Structure vs Meaning/ Semantics Lexical items
vs Use/ Pragmatics Denotation/ connotation/ Association
Cohesion/ Coherence Sense Relations
1. Synonymy- partial conceptual,
bilateral or symmetrical
2. Antonymy semantic opposition
or unrelatedness [complementary,
conversenes, uncompatability,
gradable opposites]
3. Hyponymy hierarchical
relationships
Deductive vs Inductive Receptive/ Productive knowledge
CLASSIFY FOR TEACHING
PURPOSES
1. morphology
2. homonymy
3. polysemy
4. metaphor
5. register/ style
6. synonymy
7. antonymy
8. hyponymy
9. collocation
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Indirect extensive reading and
listening
2. Direct/ Explicit specific tools
for discovering meaning
3. Independent (elicit?) context,
dictionary , morphemic analysis
STAGES
1. Present new words
Visual imgs, gestures and actions, in
context, lexical relations, guessing/
predicting, other techniques
2. Remember
Memorizing or review games , learning
with friends
3. Make them their own
Vocabulary record system
Personalize new words
ACTIVITIES
Multiple choice
Reading as an impetus
T/F
Odd one out
Match df.
Morphology Derivation